JP2921839B2 - Supercritical pressure operation boiler - Google Patents
Supercritical pressure operation boilerInfo
- Publication number
- JP2921839B2 JP2921839B2 JP63328056A JP32805688A JP2921839B2 JP 2921839 B2 JP2921839 B2 JP 2921839B2 JP 63328056 A JP63328056 A JP 63328056A JP 32805688 A JP32805688 A JP 32805688A JP 2921839 B2 JP2921839 B2 JP 2921839B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- bypass
- pipe
- cooling wall
- water cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラ装置に係り、特に高
負荷域でのボイラ管内圧力損失を低減するのに好適な水
蒸気系統に関する。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a supercritical pressure operation boiler, and more particularly to a steam system suitable for reducing pressure loss in a boiler tube in a high load region.
超臨界圧領域と亜臨界圧力領域の両領域で運転される
変圧運転ボイラでは、火炉水冷壁管内の流体は単相流と
２相流の２種類の状態をとり得る。特に２相流状態で
は、熱負荷が高い火炉水冷壁管内で蒸気が管内面を膜状
に覆い、管と内部流体との熱伝達率が著しく低下する膜
沸騰伝熱状態になると、水冷壁管のメタル温度は大幅に
上昇してしまう。このため火炉水冷壁管内流速は、良好
な伝熱状態を維持するための必要最低管内流速を確保す
るように計画しなければならない。In a variable-pressure operation boiler operated in both the supercritical pressure region and the subcritical pressure region, the fluid in the furnace water wall pipe can take two kinds of states, a single-phase flow and a two-phase flow. In particular, in the two-phase flow state, when the steam covers the inner surface of the tube in a furnace water-cooled wall tube having a high heat load and the heat transfer coefficient between the tube and the internal fluid is significantly reduced, a water-cooled wall tube is formed. Metal temperature rises significantly. For this reason, it is necessary to plan the flow velocity in the furnace water cooling wall pipe so as to secure the minimum flow velocity required in the pipe to maintain a good heat transfer state.
第３図に代表的な超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラの水冷壁管
内流速と圧力を示す。火炉水冷壁管内圧力13が臨界圧力
付近のときに必要最低管内流速14が最も大きくなつてい
る。このため水冷壁管の仕様は臨界圧力付近での管内流
速15が必要最低管内流速14を満足するように計画するこ
とになる。したがつて超臨界圧力領域では必要最低管内
流速14が小さいため実際の管内流速15も下げたいが、貫
流運転域では負荷と流量がほぼ比例の関係にあるため、
管内流速は負荷の上昇とともに上昇し、ボイラ管内圧力
損失も増加してしまう。FIG. 3 shows the flow velocity and pressure in the water cooling wall pipe of a typical supercritical pressure variable pressure operation boiler. When the furnace water cooling wall pipe pressure 13 is near the critical pressure, the required minimum pipe flow velocity 14 is the largest. For this reason, the specification of the water-cooled wall pipe is designed so that the pipe flow velocity 15 near the critical pressure satisfies the required minimum pipe flow velocity 14. Therefore, in the supercritical pressure region, the necessary minimum pipe flow velocity 14 is small, so the actual pipe flow velocity 15 also needs to be reduced.However, in the once-through operation area, the load and the flow rate are almost proportional, so
The flow velocity in the pipe increases as the load increases, and the pressure loss in the boiler pipe also increases.
上記従来技術は、超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラの高負荷域
での水冷壁管内流速の最適化という点について配慮がさ
れておらず、不必要な圧力損失を生じるという問題があ
つた。The above prior art does not take into consideration the optimization of the flow velocity in the water-cooled wall pipe in a high load region of the supercritical pressure variable operation boiler, and has a problem that unnecessary pressure loss occurs.
本発明の目的は、上記した従来技術の問題点を解消
し、高負荷時のボイラ管内圧力損失を低減できるボイラ
装置を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a boiler apparatus which can solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional technique and can reduce the pressure loss in a boiler tube under a high load.
上記した目的は、超臨界圧力領域から亜臨界圧力領域
にわたり変圧運転が可能な超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラ装置
において、 給水加熱器出口から火炉入口までの間で給水の一部を
抜き出し、火炉出口から過熱器までの間で火炉出口から
の蒸気と合流させるバイパス系統と、 そのバイパス系統の途中に設けられたバイパス弁と、 亜臨界圧力領域から超臨界圧力領域への移行を検出す
る例えば圧力計などの検出手段とを備え、 その検出手段からの検出信号に基づいて、膜沸騰伝熱
状態を防止する必要最低火炉水冷壁管内流速を確保しな
がら、前記バイパス弁を開いて、火炉水冷壁への給水の
一部を前記バイパス系統に流して火炉水冷壁をバイパス
し、火炉水冷壁を通る給水量を減少する構成によって達
成される。The above-described object is to provide a supercritical pressure variable pressure operation boiler device capable of performing a variable pressure operation from a supercritical pressure region to a subcritical pressure region. A bypass system that joins the steam from the furnace outlet to the superheater, a bypass valve provided in the middle of the bypass system, and a pressure gauge that detects the transition from the subcritical pressure region to the supercritical pressure region Based on a detection signal from the detection means, while opening the bypass valve while securing the minimum required flow rate in the furnace water wall pipe to prevent the film boiling heat transfer state, and opening the bypass valve to the furnace water wall. This is achieved by a configuration in which a part of the water supply flows through the bypass system to bypass the furnace water cooling wall and reduce the amount of water supplied through the furnace water cooling wall.
火炉バイパス弁は亜臨界圧力領域では全閉かそれに近
い状態にあり、給水の大部分は火炉水冷壁を通り良好な
伝熱を維持する。超臨界圧力領域で弁が開き給水の一
部、例えば５〜30％程度をバイパスさせ、火炉水冷壁を
通る給水量を少なくすることにより、火炉水冷壁管内圧
力損失を低減する。The furnace bypass valve is fully closed or close in the subcritical pressure range, and most of the feedwater passes through the furnace water wall to maintain good heat transfer. The valve is opened in the supercritical pressure region, a part of the feed water, for example, about 5 to 30% is bypassed, and the pressure loss in the furnace water cooling wall tube is reduced by reducing the amount of water passing through the furnace water cooling wall.
以下にこの発明の実施例を図面に従つて説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図に本発明の一実施例を示す。同図に示すように
節炭器２から火炉水冷壁３へつながる連絡管の途中から
火炉バイパス管４を抜き出し、火炉バイパス弁５を介し
て火炉水冷壁３の出口部に接続している。火炉バイパス
弁５は給水流量計11と節炭器２の間に介在させた圧力計
13と連動しており、管内圧力が超臨界圧領域の一定圧力
以上になると、その信号に基づいて火炉バイパス弁５が
開くように構成されている。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, a furnace bypass pipe 4 is withdrawn from the middle of a connecting pipe extending from the economizer 2 to the furnace water cooling wall 3, and is connected to an outlet of the furnace water cooling wall 3 via a furnace bypass valve 5. The furnace bypass valve 5 is a pressure gauge interposed between the feedwater flow meter 11 and the economizer 2.
When the pressure in the pipe becomes equal to or higher than a certain pressure in the supercritical pressure region, the furnace bypass valve 5 is opened based on the signal.
なお、図中の１は給水加熱器、６は汽水分離器、７は
貯水タンク、８はボイラ再循環ポンプ、９は過熱器、10
はタービンである。In the figure, 1 is a feed water heater, 6 is a brackish water separator, 7 is a water storage tank, 8 is a boiler recirculation pump, 9 is a superheater, 10
Is a turbine.
次に第１図に示すボイラ装置の作用について説明す
る。Next, the operation of the boiler device shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
従来技術での火炉水冷壁３の定格負荷時圧力損失を20
kg/cm2とすると、本発明で給水の15％を火炉バイパス管
４でバイパスすると、圧力損失は5.6kg/cm2低減でき
る。この場合第３図のように超臨界圧力領域になると膜
沸騰伝熱状態を防止する必要最低管内流速14が下がる
（超臨界圧力領域では気泡の発生がなく、水が直ちに蒸
気になるため）という特性を利用して、バイパスにより
管内流速16が下がっても必要最低管内流速14よりも大き
くでき（すなわち必要最低管内流速14を確保して）、膜
沸騰伝熱状態にならない良好な伝熱状態が確保されてい
る。The pressure loss at the rated load of the furnace water wall 3 in the prior art is 20
When kg / cm 2, 15% of the feed water in the present invention Bypassing by Hiro bypass pipe 4, the pressure loss is 5.6 kg / cm 2 can be reduced. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, in the supercritical pressure region, the minimum flow velocity 14 in the pipe required to prevent the film boiling heat transfer state is reduced (in the supercritical pressure region, no bubbles are generated, and water is immediately turned into steam). By utilizing the characteristics, even if the pipe flow velocity 16 is reduced by the bypass, it can be made larger than the required minimum pipe flow velocity 14 (that is, secure the required minimum pipe flow velocity 14), and a good heat transfer state that does not enter the film boiling heat transfer state can be achieved. Is secured.
なお、火炉水冷壁３を通る給水の比熱はボイラ系内で
最も大きいため、火炉水冷壁３を通る給水量が減ること
により火炉水冷壁３出口温度は上昇するが、その量は10
℃以内におさえられるから、バイパス後の給水合流点で
の熱衝撃はほとんど心配ない。Since the specific heat of the feedwater passing through the furnace water cooling wall 3 is the largest in the boiler system, the outlet temperature of the furnace water cooling wall 3 rises as the amount of feedwater passing through the furnace water cooling wall 3 decreases.
Since it is kept within ℃, there is almost no concern about thermal shock at the junction of feedwater after bypass.
第２図は他の実施例を示す。 FIG. 2 shows another embodiment.
火炉バイパス管４の途中に火炉バイパス流量計12を設
置したものである。本実施例においても、高負荷時の圧
力損失を第１図と同様に低減できるが、特に火炉水冷壁
３の伝熱管内にスケールが付着し摩擦抵抗係数が変化し
ても常に一定比率の給水をバイパスさせることができる
効果がある。The furnace bypass flowmeter 12 is installed in the middle of the furnace bypass pipe 4. In this embodiment as well, the pressure loss under a high load can be reduced in the same manner as in FIG. 1, but in particular, even if the scale adheres to the heat transfer tube of the furnace water cooling wall 3 and the frictional resistance coefficient changes, the water supply at a constant ratio always occurs. There is an effect that can be bypassed.
また、この実施例の場合、火炉バイパス管４の取入点
を圧力計13と節炭器２の間としており、火炉バイパス管
４の出口点を汽水分離器６と最初の過熱器９との間とし
ている。さらに貯水タンク７に圧力計14が付設され、こ
の圧力計14と圧力計13との平均値信号により、火炉バイ
パス弁５の動作制御がなされるようになつている。Further, in the case of this embodiment, the intake point of the furnace bypass pipe 4 is set between the pressure gauge 13 and the economizer 2, and the exit point of the furnace bypass pipe 4 is connected between the steam separator 6 and the first superheater 9. And between. Further, a pressure gauge 14 is attached to the water storage tank 7, and operation of the furnace bypass valve 5 is controlled by an average value signal of the pressure gauge 14 and the pressure gauge 13.
第４図は、火炉バイパス管４の出口部と蒸気配管15の
連絡構造の一例を示す断面図である。同図に示すように
火炉バイパス管４の出口部が蒸気配管15内に挿入され、
蒸気配管15の内周面には熱衝撃防止用のスリーブ16が設
けられている。FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a communication structure between the outlet of the furnace bypass pipe 4 and the steam pipe 15. As shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the outlet of the furnace bypass pipe 4 is inserted into the steam pipe 15,
A sleeve 16 for preventing thermal shock is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the steam pipe 15.
以上説明したように本発明によれば、超臨界圧変圧運
転ボイラの高負荷域で、伝熱特性を阻害することなく火
炉水冷壁通過給水流量を低減できるため、高負荷時のボ
イラ圧力損失を効果的に低減することができ、プラント
効率の向上と設計圧力の低減に有効である。As described above, according to the present invention, in the high load region of the supercritical pressure variable pressure operation boiler, the flow rate of the feedwater passing through the furnace water cooling wall can be reduced without impairing the heat transfer characteristics. It can be reduced effectively, which is effective for improving plant efficiency and reducing design pressure.
第１図は本発明に係るボイラ装置の実施例を示す流体系
統図、第２図は他の実施例を示す流体系統図、第３図
（ａ），（ｂ）は管内流速と圧力を示す説明図、第４図
は本発明の実施例に係る火炉バイパス管の出口部と蒸気
配管の連結構造を示す断面図である。 １……給水加熱器、３……火炉水冷壁、４……火炉バイ
パス管、５……火炉バイパス弁、12……火炉バイパス流
量計、13,14……圧力計、15……蒸気配管。FIG. 1 is a fluid system diagram showing an embodiment of a boiler apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a fluid system diagram showing another embodiment, and FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show flow velocity and pressure in a pipe. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a connection structure between an outlet of a furnace bypass pipe and a steam pipe according to the embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... Feed water heater, 3 ... Furnace water cooling wall, 4 ... Furnace bypass pipe, 5 ... Furnace bypass valve, 12 ... Furnace bypass flow meter, 13, 14 ... Pressure gauge, 15 ... Steam piping.
Claims (1)
り変圧運転が可能な超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラ装置におい
て、 給水加熱器出口から火炉入口までの間で給水の一部を抜
き出し、火炉出口から過熱器までの間で火炉出口からの
蒸気と合流させるバイパス系統と、 そのバイパス系統の途中に設けられたバイパス弁と、 亜臨界圧力領域から超臨界圧力領域への移行を検出する
検出手段とを備え、 その検出手段からの検出信号に基づいて、膜沸騰伝熱状
態を防止する必要最低火炉水冷壁管内流速を確保しなが
ら、前記バイパス弁を開いて、火炉水冷壁への給水の一
部を前記バイパス系統に流して火炉水冷壁をバイパス
し、火炉水冷壁を通る給水量を減少する構成になってい
ることを特徴とする超臨界圧変圧運転ボイラ装置。1. A supercritical pressure variable pressure operation boiler device capable of performing a variable pressure operation from a supercritical pressure region to a subcritical pressure region, wherein a part of feedwater is extracted from a feedwater heater outlet to a furnace inlet, and a part of the feedwater is extracted from the furnace outlet. A bypass system that joins the steam from the furnace outlet to the superheater, a bypass valve provided in the middle of the bypass system, and a detection unit that detects a transition from the subcritical pressure region to the supercritical pressure region. Based on the detection signal from the detection means, while opening the bypass valve and securing a part of the water supply to the furnace water cooling wall while securing the necessary minimum flow rate in the furnace water cooling wall pipe to prevent the film boiling heat transfer state. A supercritical pressure transformer-operated boiler, characterized in that it is configured to flow through the bypass system to bypass the furnace water cooling wall and reduce the amount of water supplied through the furnace water cooling wall.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63328056A JP2921839B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1988-12-27 | Supercritical pressure operation boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63328056A JP2921839B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1988-12-27 | Supercritical pressure operation boiler |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02176301A JPH02176301A (en) | 1990-07-09 |
| JP2921839B2 true JP2921839B2 (en) | 1999-07-19 |
Family
ID=18206020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63328056A Expired - Fee Related JP2921839B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1988-12-27 | Supercritical pressure operation boiler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2921839B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0684801B2 (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1994-10-26 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Supercritical pressure transformer type boiler |
-
1988
- 1988-12-27 JP JP63328056A patent/JP2921839B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02176301A (en) | 1990-07-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |