JP2909858B2 - Salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil and method for preventing plant salt damage - Google Patents
Salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil and method for preventing plant salt damageInfo
- Publication number
- JP2909858B2 JP2909858B2 JP4233023A JP23302392A JP2909858B2 JP 2909858 B2 JP2909858 B2 JP 2909858B2 JP 4233023 A JP4233023 A JP 4233023A JP 23302392 A JP23302392 A JP 23302392A JP 2909858 B2 JP2909858 B2 JP 2909858B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- water
- salt damage
- repellent
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は撥水性粒子からなる植物
の中間土壌用塩害防止剤に関する。さらに詳しくは、植
物を栽培する土壌中の特定の中間層に用いるための中間
土壌用塩害防止剤及びこれを用いる植物の塩害防止方法
ならびに植物の生産方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil comprising water-repellent particles. More particularly, the present invention relates to an intermediate soil salt inhibitor for use in a specific intermediate layer in soil where a plant is cultivated, a method for preventing plant salt damage using the same, and a method for producing a plant.
【０００２】本発明は、塩害の被害を受けている各種農
業及び園芸業などの植物の生産において極めて有効に利
用することができる。[0002] The present invention can be used very effectively in the production of plants in various agricultural and horticultural industries that have been damaged by salt damage.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明の背景及び関連技術】植物に対する塩害とは、農
作物などの植物を栽培する土壌中の塩分が地表に集積し
て、農作物の成育ができなくなる現象をいい、現在、世
界のかんがい農地の１０％、すなわち約２１万ｋｍ2 に
も及ぶかんがい農地が塩害による影響を受けていると言
われている。例えば、パキスタン、アメリカ南部、エジ
プト、サウジアラビアなど世界の各国の乾燥地帯では一
般にかんがい農業が行なわれている。Background of the Invention and Related Art Salt damage to plants refers to a phenomenon in which salt in soil for growing plants such as crops accumulates on the surface of the ground, making it impossible to grow the crops. %, that is, irrigated agricultural land of up to about 210,000 km 2 is said to have been affected by salt damage. For example, irrigation is commonly practiced in arid regions around the world, such as Pakistan, the United States, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia.
【０００４】このような乾燥地域でかんがい農業を行な
う場合、かんがいした水が地中に浸透し、地中の塩分を
溶かしこむ。そして乾燥地域特有の豊富な日射量によっ
て地表からは水分が盛んに蒸発し、塩分を含んだ地下水
が毛細管現象によって地表へ上昇する。地表に上昇した
塩分は蒸発することなく地表に集積され、農作物の成育
を阻害し、最後には農作物が枯死してしまうのである。
特に、野菜類、メロン、ペッパー、トマトなどでは塩害
の被害が大きい。[0004] When irrigation agriculture is performed in such an arid region, irrigated water penetrates into the ground and dissolves salt in the ground. Water is actively evaporating from the surface due to the abundant solar radiation unique to arid regions, and groundwater containing salt rises to the surface by capillary action. The salt that has risen to the surface accumulates on the surface without evaporating, impeding the growth of crops, and eventually the crops die.
Particularly, vegetables, melons, peppers, tomatoes, and the like are greatly damaged by salt damage.
【０００５】このような塩害は古代からあり、例えば古
代メソポタミア文明は塩害によって滅亡したとも言われ
ている。特に、連続的にかんがいが行なうことができる
地域では塩分を含んだ水の毛細管現象をある程度は制御
できるものの、断続的にしかかんがいを行なうことが出
来ない地域では塩害による被害は極めて大きく、さらに
気温が極めて高い地域や地下に岩塩が存在する地域にな
ると最終的には農業を放棄しなければならない状況に追
込まれる。[0005] Such salt damage has been around since ancient times. For example, it is said that the ancient Mesopotamian civilization was destroyed by salt damage. In particular, in areas where irrigation can be performed continuously, the capillary action of salty water can be controlled to some extent, but in areas where irrigation can be performed only intermittently, damage from salt damage is extremely large, In areas with extremely high levels of salt and underground rock salts, agriculture will eventually be forced to abandon.
【０００６】この塩害を防止する方法としては、大量の
かんがい水で土壌を洗浄する方法、土壌を入替える方
法、地表にワラなどを敷き水分の蒸発を制御する方法な
どが提案されているが多大の経費がと労力が必要な上、
根本的な塩害防止方法とは成り得ない。そして一旦地表
に塩分が集積するとその回復には多大の労力を要し、農
作物の生産にとっては致命的なものとなってしまう。As a method of preventing the salt damage, a method of washing the soil with a large amount of irrigation water, a method of replacing the soil, a method of laying straws on the ground surface, and controlling the evaporation of water have been proposed. Costs and effort, and
It cannot be a fundamental method of preventing salt damage. And once salt accumulates on the surface, its recovery requires a great deal of effort, which is fatal for crop production.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明者らは、上述の
問題点に鑑み塩害による農作物の被害を根本的に防止す
る観点から鋭意検討を重ねてきたが、驚くべきことに植
物を栽培する土壌中又はその下層に撥水性粒子からなる
層を設けるとこれが塩害防止剤として作用して長期間塩
害を生じることなく植物を栽培できることを見出し、本
発明を完成するに至った。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present inventors have made intensive studies from the viewpoint of fundamentally preventing damage to agricultural crops due to salt damage, but surprisingly, plants are grown. It has been found that when a layer made of water-repellent particles is provided in or under the soil, the layer acts as a salt damage inhibitor and plants can be cultivated without causing salt damage for a long period of time, and the present invention has been completed.
【０００８】本発明の目的は、新規な中間土壌用塩害防
止剤を用い、従来とは異なる方法で根本的に効率よくか
つ長期に渡って安定して植物の塩害を防止することであ
る。[0008] An object of the present invention is to use a novel salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil and to fundamentally efficiently and stably prevent salt damage to plants by a method different from the conventional method.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明は、特許
請求の範囲の請求項１に記載してあるように、撥水性粒
子からなる植物の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を提供すること
にある。That is, the present invention is to provide a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of a plant, comprising water-repellent particles, as described in claim 1 of the claims.
【００１０】また、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項
２に記載してあるように、撥水砂からなる植物の中間土
壌用塩害防止剤を提供するものである。Further, the present invention provides a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of a plant comprising water-repellent sand as described in claim 2 of the present invention.
【００１１】さらに、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求
項３に記載してあるように、撥水性粒子または撥水砂が
シリコーン化合物で撥水処理されている植物の中間土壌
用塩害防止剤を提供するものである。Further, the present invention provides a salt inhibitor for intermediate soil of a plant, wherein water-repellent particles or water-repellent sand have been subjected to a water-repellent treatment with a silicone compound, as described in claim 3 of the present invention. Is provided.
【００１２】また、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項
４に記載してあるように、撥水性粒子または撥水砂の平
均粒径が０．１〜５ｍｍである植物の中間土壌用塩害防
止剤を提供するものである。Further, the present invention provides a salt damage for intermediate soil of a plant having an average particle diameter of water-repellent particles or water-repellent sand of 0.1 to 5 mm, as described in claim 4 of the present invention. It provides an inhibitor.
【００１３】つぎに、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求
項５に記載してあるように、土壌中の地下水位より上の
層であって植物の根が到達する層又はそれよりも下の層
に、上記の中間土壌用塩害防止剤からなる撥水層を用い
て植物に対する土壌中からの塩害を防止することを特徴
とする植物の塩害防止方法を提供するものである。Next, the present invention provides, as described in claim 5, a layer which is above the groundwater level in the soil and reaches the root of the plant or below it. The present invention also provides a method for preventing plant salt damage, which comprises using a water-repellent layer comprising the above-mentioned salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil in the above layer to prevent salt damage to plants from soil.
【００１４】また、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項
６に記載してあるように、土壌中の地下水位より上の層
であって植物の根が到達する層又はそれよりも下の層
に、上記の中間土壌用塩害防止剤からなる撥水層を用い
た土壌で植物を栽培することを特徴とする植物の生産方
法を提供するものである。According to the present invention, as described in claim 6, a layer above the groundwater level in the soil and at which the roots of the plant reach or a layer below the layer. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a plant, characterized by cultivating a plant in a soil using a water-repellent layer comprising the above-mentioned salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil.
【００１５】さらに本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項
７に記載してあるように中間土壌用塩害防止剤からなる
撥水層の上層に、ビートモス、吸水ポリマー及び保水ポ
リマーから選ばれた１または２以上と混合または処理し
た土壌を有する請求項６記載の植物の生産方法を提供す
るものである。Further, according to the present invention, a beet moss, a water-absorbing polymer and a water-retaining polymer are provided on the upper layer of the water-repellent layer comprising a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil as described in claim 7 of the present invention. Or a method for producing a plant according to claim 6, which has soil mixed or treated with two or more.
【００１６】さらに、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求
項８に記載してあるように、中間土壌用塩害防止剤から
なる撥水層が０．５〜５００ｍｍである請求項５又は６
に記載の方法を提供するものである。Further, according to the present invention, as described in claim 8, the water-repellent layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil has a thickness of 0.5 to 500 mm.
The method of the present invention is provided.
【００１７】また、本発明は、特許請求の範囲の請求項
９に記載してあるように、中間土壌用塩害防止剤からな
る撥水層が１０〜２００ｍｍである請求項５又は６に記
載の方法を提供するものである。Further, according to the present invention, as described in claim 9 of the present invention, the water-repellent layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil has a thickness of 10 to 200 mm. It provides a method.
【００１８】以下に本発明を詳しく説明する。本発明に
用いる撥水性粒子とは、いわゆる水をはじく撥水性の性
質を有するものであって粒子状のものであればよく、そ
の材料は無機系あるいは有機系を問わず、いかなるもの
も利用可能である。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The water-repellent particles used in the present invention have a water-repellent property of repelling water and may be in the form of particles, and any material can be used regardless of whether the material is inorganic or organic. It is.
【００１９】そして、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤
は、実質的にこの撥水性粒子からなるものである。もち
ろん、これに本発明の効果を損わない範囲で他の土壌構
成物質例えば土や肥料を適宜混合することも可能であ
る。Further, the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention is substantially composed of the water-repellent particles. Of course, other soil constituents, such as soil and fertilizers, can be appropriately mixed to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
【００２０】本発明において植物とは、主には農作物を
対象としたものではあるが、本発明の実施においては特
に農作物のみに限定されるものではなく、木や草などに
代表されるように土壌から養分をとって生きて行く生物
をいう。In the present invention, plants are mainly intended for crops. However, in the practice of the present invention, plants are not particularly limited only to crops, and may be represented by trees and grasses. An organism that lives by taking nutrients from the soil.
【００２１】本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤は、土壌の
いわゆる地表面ではなく、土壌を構成する地層の内部に
適用される塩害防止剤であり、従来見られるような主に
土壌の地表面に適用される土壌改良剤とは根本的にその
適用箇所が異なるものである。The salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention is a salt damage inhibitor applied not to the so-called ground surface of the soil but to the inside of the stratum constituting the soil. A soil conditioner applied to a plant is fundamentally different in its application site.
【００２２】土壌の地表面に撥水処理を行なうと植物の
成育が著しく阻害されるという事実を見出したが、本発
明にとってはそのような事実はなく、また地表面から雨
や人工的に給水された水も極めてよく土壌中に吸収され
植物の育成にとって好ましい土壌を提供できる。It has been found that when water repellent treatment is applied to the ground surface of the soil, the growth of plants is significantly inhibited. However, such a fact is not present in the present invention. The collected water is also very well absorbed in the soil and can provide a favorable soil for growing plants.
【００２３】また、従来の地表面に適用される土壌改良
剤にあっては太陽光線によりその本来の性質が劣化した
り、あるいは風などにより飛散するなどの欠点を有して
いたが、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤にあってはこの
ような従来の欠点を生じることがない優れた性能を有し
ている。In addition, the conventional soil conditioner applied to the ground surface has a drawback that its original properties are degraded by sunlight or fly by wind or the like. The salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil has excellent performance which does not cause such conventional disadvantages.
【００２４】さらに、その目的も上述したように、単に
一般の土壌改良を目的とするものではなく、特に植物の
塩害を防止する用途に用いることを最大の特徴とする新
規有用な植物の塩害防止剤である。Further, as described above, the purpose of the present invention is not merely to improve the soil in general, but to prevent salt damage to a new and useful plant which is most particularly used for the purpose of preventing salt damage to plants. Agent.
【００２５】本発明において使用する撥水性粒子は、砂
や土の粒子表面を撥水剤で処理したものが実用的であり
これらを単独あるいは混合して用いることが出来るが、
特に砂を撥水剤で処理した撥水砂が好ましい。The water-repellent particles used in the present invention are practically those obtained by treating the surface of sand or soil particles with a water-repellent agent. These can be used alone or in combination.
In particular, water-repellent sand obtained by treating sand with a water-repellent agent is preferable.
【００２６】単に砂を重油に浸漬して撥水処理したもの
を用いることももちろん可能であり、容易にサウジアラ
ビアなどの石油生産地域のかんがい農地などで特に好ま
しく利用できる。It is of course possible to use a sand simply immersed in heavy oil and subjected to a water-repellent treatment, and it is particularly preferably used easily in irrigation farmland in oil-producing regions such as Saudi Arabia.
【００２７】砂はかんがい農業が行なわれている乾燥地
域の砂浜、砂丘、砂漠などから容易かつ大量に採取する
ことが可能である。土は一度焼成し粒子状にしたものを
用いることが可能である。例えば、汚泥を焼成して粒子
化したものを大量に使用すれば汚泥の有効利用と同時に
ヘドロ処理を行なうことができる。なお、砂とは細かい
砂利をも含み、また土とはクレイをも含む概念である。Sand can be easily and massively collected from sandy beaches, dunes, deserts, and the like in dry areas where irrigation agriculture is performed. It is possible to use the soil which has been fired once and made into particles. For example, sludge treatment can be performed simultaneously with effective utilization of sludge by using a large amount of sludge that has been fired and made into particles. Sand is a concept that includes fine gravel, and soil is a concept that includes clay.
【００２８】使用される撥水剤としては、一般に撥水剤
として使用されているものであれば特に限定されずに利
用できるが、特にはシリコーン系、フッ素シリコーン系
のようなシリコーン化合物の撥水剤が撥水性能及び経済
的観点からみて特に好ましい。The water repellent used can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is generally used as a water repellent. In particular, water repellents of silicone compounds such as silicones and fluorine silicones can be used. Agents are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of water repellency and economics.
【００２９】砂や土の粒子の撥水剤による表面処理方法
としては、通常、粉体の表面処理に用いられている方法
に従えばよい。例えば、メカノケミカルな方法で各種シ
リコーン油と砂を混合して表面処理を行ない、撥水性粒
子を製造することが可能である。また、オクタメチルシ
クロテトラシロキサンやデカメチルシクロペンタシロキ
サンなどの揮発性環状シリコーンを気相処理により、砂
やクレイ粒子の表面で重合させて撥水性粒子を製造する
ことも可能である。As a method for treating the surface of sand or soil particles with a water repellent, a method generally used for surface treatment of powder may be used. For example, it is possible to produce water-repellent particles by mixing various types of silicone oil and sand by a mechanochemical method and performing surface treatment. It is also possible to produce water-repellent particles by polymerizing volatile cyclic silicones such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane on the surface of sand or clay particles by gas phase treatment.
【００３０】疎水性粒子としては上記した撥水砂などの
外に、表面が疎水性である高分子ポリマー（プラスチッ
ク）の微粒子が利用できることは言うまでもないが、な
かでも、オルガノシリコーン系のものが好ましく、ポリ
チルミルセスキオキサンが特に好ましい。As the hydrophobic particles, it is needless to say that, in addition to the above-mentioned water-repellent sand, fine particles of a high-molecular polymer (plastic) having a hydrophobic surface can be used. Among them, organosilicone-based particles are preferable. And polytylmilsesquioxane are particularly preferred.
【００３１】また、例えば廃プラスチックを粒子状に粉
砕したものを利用することも出来、これらの高分子ポリ
マーをさらに撥水処理して用いることも可能である。For example, waste plastics obtained by pulverizing waste plastics into particles can be used, and these high-molecular polymers can be further subjected to a water-repellent treatment.
【００３２】なお、具体例として上述した撥水性粒子以
外にも、例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコ
ニア、酢酸バナジウム、酸化鉄等の疎水性粒状金属酸化
物、ガラスビーズ、オイルシェルの粉砕品、オイルサン
ド等の撥水性粒子も利用できることは言うまでもない
が、特には、これらの表面がシリコーン系撥水剤で処理
されたものが更に好ましい。In addition to the water-repellent particles described above as specific examples, for example, crushed products of silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, vanadium acetate, iron oxide and other hydrophobic granular metal oxides, glass beads, oil shells, It goes without saying that water-repellent particles such as oil sands can also be used, but in particular those whose surfaces have been treated with a silicone-based water-repellent agent are more preferred.
【００３３】なお、撥水性粒子または撥水砂の平均粒径
は、平均粒径が０．１〜５ｍｍであるものが好ましく、
適用する土壌の粒子が細かければ平均粒径が小さいもの
を使用すればよい。The average particle size of the water-repellent particles or the water-repellent sand is preferably from 0.1 to 5 mm.
If the soil particles to be applied are fine, those having a small average particle size may be used.
【００３４】また本発明を用いる土壌層の節水をその目
的として付加したい場合も、小さい平均粒径の撥水性粒
子からなる中間土壌用塩害防止剤を用いることが好まし
い。もちろん、平均粒径の異なるものを混合して用いる
ことも可能である。例えば、粗い撥水砂と細かい撥水砂
を適宜混合して用いる事が蒸発水量の減少の目的には特
に好ましい。When it is desired to add water saving to the soil layer using the present invention, it is preferable to use an intermediate soil salt damage inhibitor comprising water-repellent particles having a small average particle size. Of course, those having different average particle sizes can be used in combination. For example, it is particularly preferable to use a mixture of coarse water-repellent sand and fine water-repellent sand as appropriate for the purpose of reducing the amount of evaporated water.
【００３５】本発明は、上述の中間土壌用塩害防止剤
を、植物を栽培する土壌の地下水位の位置と植物の根が
到達する地層との間の中間層に使用して、土壌中に撥水
層を新たに人工的に設定し、植物の塩害を防止する画期
的な方法である。According to the present invention, the above-mentioned salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil is used in the intermediate layer between the position of the groundwater level in the soil where the plant is cultivated and the formation where the roots of the plant reach, and repellent in the soil. This is a revolutionary method of artificially setting the water layer to prevent plant salt damage.
【００３６】撥水層を遊離水を生じるような低い位置に
設定することは有効ではなく、また地表や地表近くに設
定することは植物の根の成長を阻害するので有効ではな
い。It is not effective to set the water-repellent layer at a low position where free water is generated, and it is not effective to set the water-repellent layer on the ground surface or near the ground surface, because it inhibits the growth of plant roots.
【００３７】また、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤は取
扱が容易であるので肥料のごとく袋にいれて運搬し、堀
削した植物栽培用の土壌中の適する地層に容易に敷設し
て撥水層を設定することが可能であるし、地中に用いる
ため乾燥地域特有の強風などにより中間土壌用塩害防止
剤が飛散して失われることがないという従来にない利点
を有している。Further, since the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention is easy to handle, it is transported in a bag like fertilizer, and is easily laid on a suitable stratum in excavated plant cultivation soil to repel water. An aqueous layer can be set, and since it is used underground, there is an unprecedented advantage that the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil is not scattered and lost due to strong winds peculiar to an arid region.
【００３８】本発明の方法おいては、本発明の中間土壌
用塩害防止剤で構成される撥水層が植物の土壌中に少な
くとも１層含まれることが必要であるが、必要に応じて
２層以上の複数の撥水層を設定することも出来る。In the method of the present invention, it is necessary that at least one water-repellent layer composed of the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention is contained in the plant soil. It is also possible to set a plurality of water repellent layers equal to or more than a layer.
【００３９】撥水層の厚さは本発明を適用する地域の気
象現象や土壌中の塩分濃度などの土壌特性を考慮して適
宜決定することができ、とくに限定されるものでない。The thickness of the water-repellent layer can be appropriately determined in consideration of the weather characteristics in the region to which the present invention is applied and soil characteristics such as the salt concentration in the soil, and is not particularly limited.
【００４０】例えば塩害の程度が比較的軽い場合や、適
用する土壌の土壌粒子が比較的粗かったり、または団粒
構造が発達している場合には、０．５〜５０ｍｍで十分
である。For example, when the degree of salt damage is relatively light, when the soil particles of the applied soil are relatively coarse, or when the aggregate structure is developed, 0.5 to 50 mm is sufficient.
【００４１】しかし、土壌粒子が細かいため撥水層に侵
入し撥水層の全体としての撥水性を程度を阻害やすい場
合や、土壌の節水も積極的に目的としたい場合などは厚
い撥水層が好ましく、例えば５〜５００ｍｍの撥水層を
設けることが可能である。中間土壌用塩害防止剤の使用
量と塩害の程度によって適宜決定すればよいが、１０〜
２００ｍｍの厚さが一般的には好ましい範囲である。However, a thick water-repellent layer is used when the soil particles are fine and easily penetrate into the water-repellent layer to hinder the overall water repellency of the water-repellent layer, or when it is desired to actively save water in the soil. Preferably, for example, a water-repellent layer having a thickness of 5 to 500 mm can be provided. What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to the amount of salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil and the degree of salt damage.
A thickness of 200 mm is generally a preferred range.
【００４２】さらに本発明の方法は、保水性を有する保
水層と組合せて使用することも可能である。この保水層
は、任意の保水剤を土壌に含有させることによって得る
ことができるが、保水剤としては、例えば吸水ポリマ
ー、ビートモス、無機系のパーライトや、バミュキュラ
イトなどがあげられる。Further, the method of the present invention can be used in combination with a water retention layer having water retention. This water-retaining layer can be obtained by adding an arbitrary water-retaining agent to the soil. Examples of the water-retaining agent include a water-absorbing polymer, beet moss, inorganic pearlite, and bamuculite.
【００４３】本発明の方法を保水層と併用して使用する
と塩害防止の効果の外に生産効率よく農作物等の植物栽
培が可能となる。特に水分吸収量の高い農作物には保水
性の高い土壌を併用するとが好ましく、かかる農作物の
栽培に対して優れた効果が期待できる。When the method of the present invention is used in combination with a water retention layer, plant cultivation of agricultural crops and the like becomes possible with high production efficiency in addition to the effect of preventing salt damage. In particular, it is preferable to use a soil with high water retention in combination with a crop having a high water absorption, and excellent effects can be expected on the cultivation of such a crop.
【００４４】特に好ましくは、中間土壌用塩害防止剤か
らなる撥水層の上層に、ビートモス、吸水ポリマー及び
保水ポリマーから選ばれた１または２以上と混合または
処理した保水性の土壌層を有する土壌において農作物な
どの栽培を行なう植物の生産方法である。Particularly preferably, a soil having a water-retentive soil layer mixed or treated with one or more selected from beet moss, a water-absorbing polymer and a water-retaining polymer, as an upper layer of a water-repellent layer comprising a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil. Is a method for producing a plant for cultivating crops.
【００４５】特に好ましいこの方法は撥水層の上であっ
て植物の根が水分を吸収する土壌層にビートモス、吸水
ポリマー及び保水ポリマーを撥水層の上にある土壌に混
合したり、あるいはその土壌粒子の表面がビートモス、
吸水ポリマーあるいは保水ポリマーで被覆されるように
処理すればよいが、水溶性セルロース誘導体で処理した
砂または土、またはＰＶＡで団粒化した土からなる土壌
が特に好ましい。A particularly preferred method is to mix beet moss, a water-absorbing polymer and a water-retaining polymer with the soil above the water-repellent layer and into the soil layer where the roots of the plant absorb moisture, or Beet moss on the surface of soil particles,
The treatment may be carried out so as to be covered with a water-absorbing polymer or a water-retaining polymer, but sand or soil treated with a water-soluble cellulose derivative or soil composed of PVA-agglomerated soil is particularly preferable.
【００４６】目的とするの厚さの撥水性粒子からなる撥
水層を塩害を防止すべき土壌中に埋設するには、例えば
農業用地の現場にて土壌中に中間土壌用塩害防止剤を土
壌中に敷設すればよい。In order to bury a water-repellent layer composed of water-repellent particles having a desired thickness in soil where salt damage is to be prevented, for example, an intermediate soil salt damage inhibitor is added to the soil at the site of an agricultural land. Just lay it inside.
【００４７】例えば、工場で作成した中間土壌用塩害防
止剤を袋につめて運搬したり、コンクリートミキサーと
同種の混合攪拌器を用いて砂とシリコーン油をかんがい
農地の現場にて混合し中間土壌用塩害防止剤を製造した
り、あるいはシリコーン油の工場からミキサー車を用い
て砂を撥水処理して中間土壌用塩害防止剤を製造しなが
らかんがい農地に向って、土壌中に中間土壌用塩害防止
剤からなる地層を人工的に設定し、本発明の方法を実施
することができる。For example, a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil prepared in a factory is packed in a bag and transported, or sand and silicone oil are mixed using a mixing stirrer of the same type as a concrete mixer at the site of irrigated farmland to mix the soil. To produce an intermediate soil salt preventive agent by using a mixer truck from a silicone oil plant, or to produce a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil while producing a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil. The formation of the inhibitor can be artificially set up to carry out the method of the present invention.
【００４８】本発明の植物の中間土壌用塩害防止剤及び
これを用いて塩害を防止すれば、塩害の被害が大きいか
んがい農業地域において農作物などの植物を栽培し、効
率よく生産することが可能となる。The salt damage inhibitor for the intermediate soil of the plant of the present invention and the salt damage prevention using the same make it possible to cultivate and efficiently produce plants such as crops in irrigation agricultural areas where the salt damage is large. Become.
【００４９】[0049]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例を挙げて説明する。本発
明はこれに限定されるものではない。Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to this.
【００５０】［実施例１］アサノ珪砂７号１０００ｇに
対し、３％のモノデシル−トリクロロシランを含んだヘ
キサン１００ｇを加え、２リットルの真空ジャケット付
ブレンダーで８時間混合攪拌した。その後真空下でヘキ
サンを回収し、ヘキサン回収後１００℃で２時間加熱乾
燥し、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を製造した。Example 1 100 g of hexane containing 3% monodecyl-trichlorosilane was added to 1000 g of Asano silica sand No. 7, and the mixture was mixed and stirred for 8 hours with a 2 liter blender equipped with a vacuum jacket. Then, hexane was recovered under vacuum, and after the hexane was recovered, it was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to produce the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention.
【００５１】このように製造した中間土壌用塩害防止剤
を用いて次のテストを行なった。３ｇの食塩水１リット
ルを１０リットルのビーカーに入れ、アサノ４号珪砂を
食塩水に浸漬する量だけビーカーに加えた。その厚さ３
０ｍｍになるように中間土壌用塩害防止剤を敷設して、
さらにその上にアサノ７号珪砂１０ｍｍを敷設して実験
室レベルで人工的な土壌を形成した。これを４０℃で２
００時間放置した。The following tests were carried out using the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil thus produced. One liter of 3 g of a saline solution was placed in a 10 liter beaker, and Asano No. 4 silica sand was added to the beaker in such an amount as to be immersed in the saline solution. Its thickness 3
Lay the intermediate soil salt inhibitor so that it becomes 0 mm,
Further, 10 mm of Asano No. 7 silica sand was laid thereon to form artificial soil at the laboratory level. This at 40 ° C
It was left for 00 hours.
【００５２】［比較例１］実施例１の人工土壌中の３０
ｍｍ中間土壌用塩害防止剤からなる撥水層の代りにアサ
ノ７号珪砂をいれた人工土壌を作成し、実施例１と同様
に４０℃で２００時間放置した。[Comparative Example 1] In the artificial soil of Example 1, 30
An artificial soil containing Asano No. 7 silica sand instead of a water-repellent layer composed of a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil for mm was prepared and left at 40 ° C. for 200 hours as in Example 1.
【００５３】その結果、実施例１の人工土壌中の中間土
壌用塩害防止剤からなる層の上部には全く食塩の析出が
認められなかったが、比較例１では最下部に位置する食
塩を含有したアサノ４号珪砂からなる層の６５％の食塩
が人工土壌表面に析出した。As a result, no precipitation of salt was observed at the upper part of the layer composed of the salt damage inhibitor for the intermediate soil in the artificial soil of Example 1, but in Comparative Example 1, the salt located at the bottom was contained. 65% salt of the layer made of Asano No. 4 silica sand deposited on the surface of the artificial soil.
【００５４】［実施例２］アサノ４号珪砂２００ｇと重
油２０ｇを２リットルの攪拌器に入れて４０℃で８時間
混合攪拌して、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を製造し
た。Example 2 200 g of Asano No. 4 silica sand and 20 g of heavy oil were placed in a 2-liter stirrer and mixed and stirred at 40 ° C. for 8 hours to produce a salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention.
【００５５】このように製造した中間土壌用塩害防止剤
を用いて次のテストを行なった。２００ｍｌのビーカー
に２ｇの食塩と１５０ｇのアサノ４号珪砂を入れて十分
混合し、その上に上記の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を入れ
た。これを４０℃に加熱しスプレーで水を５ｇづつ１０
時間毎に散布し、４００時間放置した。The following test was carried out using the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil thus produced. In a 200 ml beaker, 2 g of salt and 150 g of Asano No. 4 silica sand were put and mixed well, and the above-mentioned salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil was put thereon. This is heated to 40 ° C and sprayed with 5 g of water 10
Sprayed every hour and left for 400 hours.
【００５６】［比較例２］実施例２の人工土壌中の中間
土壌用塩害防止剤からなる撥水層の代りに普通砂をいれ
た人工土壌を作成し、実施例１と同様の条件で放置し
た。[Comparative Example 2] An artificial soil containing ordinary sand was prepared in place of the water-repellent layer composed of the salt damage inhibitor for the intermediate soil in the artificial soil of Example 2 and left under the same conditions as in Example 1. did.
【００５７】その結果、実施例２の人工土壌中の中間土
壌用塩害防止剤からなる層の上部には全く食塩の析出が
認められなかったが、比較例２では最下部に位置する食
塩を含有したアサノ４号珪砂からなる層の８０％の食塩
が人工土壌表面に析出した。As a result, no precipitation of salt was observed at the top of the layer composed of the salt damage inhibitor for the intermediate soil in the artificial soil of Example 2, but in Comparative Example 2, the salt located at the bottom was contained. 80% salt of the layer made of the Asano No. 4 silica sand deposited on the surface of the artificial soil.
【００５８】［実施例３］アサノ珪砂７号１０００ｇに
対し、３％のパーフルオオクタン変性シリコーンを含ん
だヘキサン１００ｇを加え、２リットルの真空ジャケッ
ト付ブレンダーで８時間混合攪拌した。その後真空下で
ヘキサンを回収し、ヘキサン回収後１００℃で２時間加
熱乾燥し、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を製造した。Example 3 100 g of hexane containing 3% of perfluorooctane-modified silicone was added to 1000 g of Asano Silica Sand No. 7, and the mixture was mixed and stirred for 8 hours with a 2 liter blender equipped with a vacuum jacket. Then, hexane was recovered under vacuum, and after the hexane was recovered, it was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to produce the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention.
【００５９】このように製造した中間土壌用塩害防止剤
を用いて次のテストを行なった。発泡ポリエチレン製容
器の底に２重量％の食塩を含有したアサノ４号珪砂を５
ｃｍの厚さに入れた。その上に厚さ５Ｃｍになるように
前記中間土壌用塩害防止剤を敷設して、さらにその上に
腐食土を含んだ土壌を５ｃｍの厚さで敷設して覆い、実
験室レベルで人工的な植物栽培用土壌を形成した。The following test was carried out using the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil thus produced. Polyethylene foam
At the bottom of the vessel , add Asano No. 4 silica sand containing 2% by weight
cm thickness. The above-mentioned salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil is laid so as to have a thickness of 5 cm, and the soil containing corrosive soil is further laid and covered with a thickness of 5 cm on the intermediate soil. A soil for plant cultivation was formed.
【００６０】この土壌の上にサラダナの種をまき、２０
〜３５℃に保たれたガラスハウス内に置き、１日に１回
０．５ｇ／ｃｍ2の水を散水し、サラダナの栽培を行な
った。Seed the salad on this soil,
It was placed in a glass house kept at -35 ° C and sprinkled with water at a rate of 0.5 g / cm 2 once a day to grow a salad.
【００６１】［比較例３］実施例３の人工土壌中の３０
ｍｍ中間土壌用塩害防止剤からなる撥水層の代りにアサ
ノ７号珪砂をいれた人工土壌を作成し、実施例３と全く
同様にしてサラダナの栽培を行なった。[Comparative Example 3] In the artificial soil of Example 3, 30
An artificial soil containing Asano No. 7 silica sand instead of the water-repellent layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil for mm was prepared, and cultivation of saladana was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 3.
【００６２】その結果、４５日後に実施例３のサラダナ
は正常に成育してサラダナを生産することが出来たが、
比較例３では、２０日過ぎから土壌表面に塩の析出が認
められ、サラダナの成育が明らかに塩害により阻害され
た。As a result, after 45 days, the saladner of Example 3 could grow normally and produce saladner,
In Comparative Example 3, precipitation of salt was observed on the soil surface after 20 days, and the growth of the salad was clearly inhibited by salt damage.
【００６３】[0063]
【実施例４】発泡ポリエチレン製容器の底に２重量％の
食塩を含有したアサノ４号珪砂を５ｃｍの厚さに入れ
た。その上に厚さ５ｃｍになるように実施例３で製造し
た中間土壌用塩害防止剤を敷設した。さらにその上に、
腐食土を含んだ土壌を６５ＳＨ−４００の３％水溶液で
固形分１％になるように処理した後５ｃｍの厚さで敷設
して覆い、実験室レベルで人工的な植物栽培用土壌を形
成した。Example 4 At the bottom of a foamed polyethylene container , Asano No. 4 silica sand containing 2% by weight of sodium chloride was placed to a thickness of 5 cm. The salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil produced in Example 3 was laid thereon so as to have a thickness of 5 cm. Further on that,
The soil containing corrosive soil was treated with a 3% aqueous solution of 65SH-400 to a solid content of 1%, laid down and covered with a thickness of 5 cm to form artificial soil for plant cultivation at the laboratory level. .
【００６４】この土壌の上にサラダナの種をまき、２０
〜３５℃に保たれたガラスハウス内に置き、１日に１回
０．５ｇ／ｃｍ2の水を散水し、サラダナの栽培を行な
った結果、実施例３よりもさらに良好にサラダナが育成
された。Seed the salad on this soil,
Placed in a glass house kept at ~ 35 ° C, sprinkled with 0.5 g / cm 2 of water once a day, and cultivated the saladner. As a result, the saladner was grown better than in Example 3. Was.
【００６５】上述の実施例により本発明の植物用の中間
土壌用塩害防止剤は土壌の塩害防止に関して極めて顕著
な効果が確認され、塩害に苦しむかんがい農業を行なう
地域に利用可能であることが理解できる。From the above examples, it was confirmed that the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil for plants according to the present invention has a remarkable effect in preventing salt damage to soil, and it can be understood that it can be used in irrigated agriculture areas suffering from salt damage. it can.
【００６６】[0066]
【発明の効果】本発明の植物の中間土壌用塩害防止剤に
よれば、塩害の被害を受けている地域の土壌中の地層に
利用することによって根本的に植物の塩害を効率よく防
止することができる。EFFECT OF THE INVENTION According to the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of a plant of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent salt damage of a plant by using it in a stratum in soil in an area affected by salt damage. Can be.
【００６７】また、本発明の中間土壌用塩害防止剤を土
壌中の地下水位より上の層であって植物の根が到達する
層又はそれよりも下の層に使用することによって植物に
対すての土壌中からの塩害を防止することができ、塩害
の被害を受けているかんがい農地においても農作物等を
効率よく生産することが可能となる。Further, by using the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of the present invention in a layer above the groundwater level in the soil and at which the roots of the plant reach or below it, the plant can be treated against the plants. Can prevent salt damage from the soil, and can efficiently produce crops and the like even on irrigated farmland suffering from salt damage.
【００６８】さらに、本発明の植物の中間土壌用塩害防
止剤からなる土壌層の上に保水性を有する保水層を設定
した土壌は特に水分吸収量の高い農農作物の栽培に対し
て優れた育成効果が期待できる。Further, a soil in which a water retention layer having a water retention property is provided on the soil layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for the intermediate soil of the plant of the present invention is particularly suitable for cultivation of agricultural crops having a high water absorption. The effect can be expected.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 大島 隆夫 新潟県中頸城郡頸城村大字西福島28番地 の１ シンエツ化成株式会社直江津工場 内 (56)参考文献 特開 平１−178586（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭52−43634（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭60−71646（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 実公 昭44−16681（ＪＰ，Ｙ１) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) C09K 17/42 A01G 1/00 A01G 7/00 C09K 17/20 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takao Oshima 28-1, Nishifukushima, Oaza, Kushiro-mura, Nakakushiro-gun, Niigata Prefecture Inside Naoetsu Plant of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-1-178586 (JP, A JP-A-52-43634 (JP, A) JP-A-60-71646 (JP, U) JP-A-44-16681 (JP, Y1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) C09K 17/42 A01G 1/00 A01G 7/00 C09K 17/20
Claims (9)
害防止剤1. A salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil of a plant comprising water-repellent particles.
の中間土壌用塩害防止剤2. The salt damage inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the water-repellent particles are water-repellent sand.
理したものである請求項１または２記載の中間土壌用塩
害防止剤3. The salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil according to claim 1, wherein the water-repellent particles have been subjected to a water-repellent treatment with a silicone compound.
である請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の中間土
壌用塩害防止剤4. The water-repellent particles have an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 mm.
The salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is
物の根が到達する層又はそれよりも下の層に、請求項１
ないし４のいずれか１項に記載の中間土壌用塩害防止剤
からなる撥水層を用いて植物に対する土壌中からの塩害
を防止することを特徴とする植物の塩害防止方法5. The layer above the groundwater level in the soil and reaching the roots of the plant or below it.
A method for preventing salt damage to plants, comprising preventing salt damage to plants from soil using a water-repellent layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil according to any one of claims 4 to 4.
物の根が到達する層又はそれよりも下の層に、請求項１
ないし４のいずれか１項に記載の中間土壌用塩害防止剤
からなる撥水層を用いた土壌で植物を栽培することを特
徴とする植物の生産方法6. The layer above the groundwater level in the soil and reaching the roots of the plant or below it.
A method for producing a plant, comprising cultivating the plant in a soil using a water-repellent layer comprising the salt damage inhibitor for intermediate soil according to any one of claims 4 to 4.
上層に、ビートモス、吸水ポリマー及び保水ポリマーか
ら選ばれた１または２以上と混合または処理した土壌を
有する請求項６記載の植物の生産方法7. The plant according to claim 6, wherein a soil mixed or treated with one or more selected from beet moss, a water-absorbing polymer and a water-retaining polymer is provided on the upper layer of the water-repellent layer comprising the salt inhibitor for intermediate soil. Production method
０．５〜５００ｍｍである請求項５ないし７のいずれか
１項に記載の方法8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the water-repellent layer comprising the salt inhibitor for intermediate soil has a thickness of 0.5 to 500 mm.
１０〜２００ｍｍである請求項５ないし７のいずれか１
項に記載の方法9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the water-repellent layer comprising the salt inhibitor for intermediate soil has a thickness of 10 to 200 mm.
Method described in section
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4233023A JP2909858B2 (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1992-08-07 | Salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil and method for preventing plant salt damage |
| US08/101,312 US5393312A (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1993-08-03 | Agent for prevention of salt damage of plants and a method of preventing salt damage of plants using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4233023A JP2909858B2 (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1992-08-07 | Salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil and method for preventing plant salt damage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0662660A JPH0662660A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
| JP2909858B2 true JP2909858B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
Family
ID=16948599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4233023A Expired - Lifetime JP2909858B2 (en) | 1992-08-07 | 1992-08-07 | Salt damage inhibitor for plant intermediate soil and method for preventing plant salt damage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2909858B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9689131B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2017-06-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Water collecting structure |
-
1992
- 1992-08-07 JP JP4233023A patent/JP2909858B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9689131B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2017-06-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Water collecting structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0662660A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
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