JP2889829B2 - Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy - Google Patents
Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloyInfo
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- JP2889829B2 JP2889829B2 JP28262094A JP28262094A JP2889829B2 JP 2889829 B2 JP2889829 B2 JP 2889829B2 JP 28262094 A JP28262094 A JP 28262094A JP 28262094 A JP28262094 A JP 28262094A JP 2889829 B2 JP2889829 B2 JP 2889829B2
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Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、鋳造性及び耐食性等に
優れた無鉛快削青銅合金に係り、その主たる用途として
は、上水道用水栓金具・一般配管用接水金具、或いは淡
水・海水等の腐食雰囲気で使用される摺動部材があり、
その他、鉛害を排除しつつ被削性、耐圧性、健全性、耐
焼付性等を改善したいときに好適な材料である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy having excellent castability and corrosion resistance, and is mainly used for water faucet fittings, water fittings for general piping, fresh water, seawater, etc. There are sliding members used in corrosive atmospheres of
In addition, it is a suitable material when it is desired to improve machinability, pressure resistance, soundness, seizure resistance, etc. while eliminating lead damage.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】一般に、上水道用水栓金具・一般配管用
接水金具（以下、水栓金具と総称する）の構成材料に要
求される特性としては、複雑な形状の成形には鋳造法を
採用するから流動性に優れていること、肉厚不同を避け
得ず有害なポロシティが出易くなる為これを防止して健
全性を確保すべきこと、水栓金具として水漏れは許され
ないから高い機械的強度を有して耐圧性に優れているこ
と、加工部が多いため被削性が良いこと、上・下水及び
海水に接して耐食性が必要とされるから脱亜鉛腐食を有
効に防止できること、などがある。また、淡水、海水等
に接して耐食性が要求される摺動部材（以下、摺動部材
と総称する）の構成材料には、淡水、海水等に接して耐
食性が必要とされるから脱亜鉛腐食を有効に防止できる
こと、摺動特性を確保しなければならないから耐焼付性
に優れていること、などが要求される。従来は、これら
の要求をほぼ満たす材料として、黄銅系材料或いは青銅
系材料が使用されていた。2. Description of the Related Art Generally, as a characteristic required for a constituent material of a water faucet fitting and a water fitting for general piping (hereinafter, generally referred to as a faucet fitting), a casting method is employed for forming a complicated shape. High fluidity, harmful porosity is inevitable due to inevitable wall thickness, and it must be prevented to ensure soundness. That it has excellent strength and excellent pressure resistance, that it has good machinability due to the large number of processed parts, and that it can effectively prevent dezincification corrosion because it requires corrosion resistance in contact with water, sewage and seawater, and so on. In addition, as a constituent material of a sliding member that is required to have corrosion resistance in contact with fresh water, seawater, etc. (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a sliding member), corrosion resistance is required in contact with fresh water, seawater, etc. Are required to be effectively prevented, and excellent seizure resistance is required because the sliding characteristics must be ensured. Conventionally, a brass-based material or a bronze-based material has been used as a material substantially satisfying these requirements.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上記従来の材
料では、次のように改善すべき点があった。すなわち、
水栓金具に利用される黄銅系材料として、ＪＩＳ・Ｈ・
３２５０・Ｃ３６０４，Ｃ３７７１（快削黄銅）がある
が、鉛が多く含まれるので鉛害が生じるし、接水部では
脱亜鉛腐食が起きる。これに対し、脱亜鉛腐食を防止し
たＪＩＳ・Ｈ・３２５０・Ｃ４６４１もあるが、これは
鉛を含まないので、被削性が不十分である。脱亜鉛腐食
を防止した快削黄銅も市販されているが、鉛が含まれる
ので鉛害が生じる。鉛をビスマスに置き換えた快削黄銅
もあるが、錫が添加されていないので脱亜鉛腐食が起き
易く、しかもミッシュメタルを含むため、高価である
（特開平５−２５５７７８号参照）。米国特許第５１６
７７２６号は、鉛をビスマスに置き換えた快削黄銅を開
示するが、高価なインジウムを含むから、コスト的に高
くつく。このインジウムに代えて燐を含むものもある
が、燐は原材料中の鉄と化合し、ハードスポットを生じ
るので、原材料を吟味しなければならず、やはりコスト
的に高くつく。一方、水栓金具に利用される青銅系材料
として、ＪＩＳ・Ｈ・５１１１・ＢＣ１，ＢＣ６，ＢＣ
７があり、これは鋳造性、健全性、被削性も良好で十分
な耐圧性を有しているが、鉛が多く含まれるので鉛害が
生じる。これに対し、ＪＩＳ・Ｈ・５１１１・ＢＣ２，
ＢＣ３もあるが、鉛を１％以下の重量比で含んでいる
が、添加元素として積極的に含むものではないので、含
鉛青銅よりも鉛の含有量が少なく、被削性に劣る。ま
た、特公平５−６３５３６号は、含鉛青銅の鉛をビスマ
スに置換して鉛害を防止すると共に、ビスマスにより被
削性と鋳造性を改善した材料を開示するが、鋳造時にポ
ロシティが多発するので健全性が損なわれ、しかも耐圧
性及び機械的強度が含鉛青銅よりも劣る。そのため、こ
れを材料とする製品は、形状が単純で肉厚不同の少ない
ものに限られていた。さらに、特公平５−２７９７７１
号に開示された材料も上記特公平５−６３５３６号の材
料と同様の課題を有する上、ミッシュメタルを含むもの
は、コスト的に高くつく。However, the above-mentioned conventional materials have the following points to be improved. That is,
As brass-based materials used for faucet fittings, JIS H
Although there is 3250.C3604 and C3771 (free-cutting brass), it contains a large amount of lead, causing lead harm and dezincification corrosion in the wetted part. On the other hand, there is JIS-H-3250-C4641 that prevents dezincification corrosion, but since it does not contain lead, its machinability is insufficient. Free-cutting brass that prevents dezincification corrosion is also commercially available, but contains lead and is harmful to lead. There is also free-cutting brass in which lead is replaced with bismuth, but since tin is not added, dezincification corrosion easily occurs, and it is expensive because it contains misch metal (see JP-A-5-255778). US Patent 516
No. 7726 discloses a free-cutting brass in which lead is replaced by bismuth, but it contains expensive indium and is therefore expensive. Some of them contain phosphorus instead of indium, but phosphorus combines with iron in the raw material and produces hard spots, so that the raw material must be examined, which is also costly. On the other hand, as a bronze-based material used for faucet fittings, JIS H 5111 BC1, BC6, BC
No. 7, which has good castability, soundness, and machinability and has sufficient pressure resistance, but contains a large amount of lead, so lead damage occurs. In contrast, JIS H5111 BC2
There is also BC3, but it contains lead at a weight ratio of 1% or less, but does not actively contain it as an additive element, so that it contains less lead than lead-containing bronze and is inferior in machinability. Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 5-63536 discloses a material in which lead in bronze containing bronze is replaced with bismuth to prevent lead damage, and the machinability and castability are improved by using bismuth. Therefore, soundness is impaired, and pressure resistance and mechanical strength are inferior to those of lead-containing bronze. For this reason, products made from this material have been limited to those having a simple shape and a small thickness. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication 5-279797
The material disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-63536 has the same problems as the material disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-63536, and the material containing misch metal is costly.
【０００４】次に、摺動部材に利用される材料として、
アルミ青銅系材料（ＪＩＳ・Ｈ・５１１４・ＡｌＢＣ
１，ＡｌＢＣ２，ＡｌＢＣ３）があるが、脱アルミ腐食
が起り、耐焼付性も低く、被削性も悪い。これに対し、
例えば特開昭６３−１６４５６号に開示されるような黄
銅は、脱亜鉛腐食を起こさないように錫を０．５〜２重
量％添加すると共に、鉛に代えてビスマスを添加して被
削性を向上させているが、耐摩耗性向上のために添加し
た１．０〜１０．０重量％の黒鉛を均一に分散させるの
に金型を用いなければならないので、製品の形状に制約
を受ける上、型費が高くつく。また、燐青銅としてＪＩ
Ｓ・Ｈ・５１１３・ＰＢＣ２があり、これは脱亜鉛腐食
を起こさず、また耐摩耗性も十分であるが、鉛もビスマ
スも添加していないので、被削性が悪く、耐焼付性も同
系合金の鉛を含むものよりも悪い。さらに、燐青銅系材
料にニッケル及び鉛を添加したＣＤＡ９１５という材料
があり、歯車用材料として広く用いられ、耐焼付性、耐
摩耗性及び耐脱亜鉛腐食性に優れているが、鉛を含むた
め、鉛害を生じる。[0004] Next, as a material used for the sliding member,
Aluminum bronze material (JIS H5114 AlBC
1, AlBC2, AlBC3), but aluminum removal corrosion occurs, seizure resistance is low, and machinability is poor. In contrast,
For example, brass as disclosed in JP-A-63-16456 is added with tin in an amount of 0.5 to 2% by weight so as not to cause dezincification corrosion. However, since a mold must be used to uniformly disperse 1.0 to 10.0% by weight of graphite added for improving abrasion resistance, the shape of the product is restricted. In addition, the mold cost is high. Also, as phosphor bronze, JI
There is S ・ H ・ 5113 ・ PBC2, which does not cause dezincification corrosion and has sufficient abrasion resistance. However, since neither lead nor bismuth is added, its machinability is poor and its seizure resistance is similar. Worse than those containing lead in the alloy. Furthermore, there is a material called CDA915, which is obtained by adding nickel and lead to a phosphor bronze-based material, and is widely used as a material for gears, and is excellent in seizure resistance, wear resistance, and dezincification corrosion resistance, but contains lead. Causes lead damage.
【０００５】なお、以上の説明のなかで使用した鉛害と
は、鉛によって人体及び環境が被る害をいい、具体的に
は、製品の製造時において、溶解、鋳造、溶接など高温
作業時に鉛を含む金属ヒュームが出ること及び切削、研
磨などの作業工程では金属粉塵が出ることが問題とさ
れ、また製品使用時において、接水部からの鉛の溶出及
び摺動部に発生する摩耗粉塵等が問題とされる。The term "lead damage" used in the above description refers to damage to the human body and the environment caused by lead. Specifically, lead damage occurs during high-temperature operations such as melting, casting and welding in the manufacture of products. It is a problem that metal fumes including metal and metal dust are generated in work processes such as cutting and polishing. Also, when products are used, lead elutes from water-contact parts and wear dust generated on sliding parts. Is a problem.
【０００６】このように、従来技術の合金の多くは鉛を
含むため、人体や環境に鉛害を及ぼしている。さりと
て、鉛害防止を図ろうとして鉛を含まない合金を用いる
と、被削性、耐焼付性、耐圧性が有鉛材よりも低くなる
ので、製造上及び用途上の理由から、対象となる製品に
制約を受ける。この鉛をビスマスに置き換えることによ
り、これらの不具合を解決し、被削性、耐焼付性を有鉛
材並に改良することはできるものの、鋳造時のポロシテ
ィの発生が多いため、耐圧性や機械的強度が有鉛材より
も劣ることになる。[0006] As described above, many of the alloys of the prior art contain lead, which causes lead harm to the human body and the environment. By the way, if an alloy containing no lead is used to prevent lead damage, the machinability, seizure resistance, and pressure resistance will be lower than those of leaded materials. Product is restricted. By replacing this lead with bismuth, these problems can be solved and machinability and seizure resistance can be improved to the same level as leaded materials.However, since porosity is often generated during casting, pressure resistance and mechanical The mechanical strength is inferior to leaded materials.
【０００７】本発明は、このような点に着目してなされ
たものであり、その目的とするところは、実質的に鉛害
を起こすことがなく、しかも被削性、耐焼付性及び耐圧
性に優れ、且つ鋳造性、健全性、耐脱亜鉛腐食性、耐摩
耗性など他の特性においても満足できる性能を有した青
銅合金を提供することにある。[0007] The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and it is an object of the present invention to substantially prevent lead harm, and to further improve machinability, seizure resistance and pressure resistance. An object of the present invention is to provide a bronze alloy having excellent performance in other properties such as excellent castability, soundness, dezincification corrosion resistance, and abrasion resistance.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用】上記目的を達成
するため、本願発明の無鉛快削青銅合金において、請求
項１は、１〜１３重量％の錫と、１８重量％以下の亜鉛
と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．０５〜３重量
％のアンチモンと、１重量％以下の燐と、０．４重量％
未満の鉛と、残余の銅とから構成される。In order to achieve the above object, in the lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy of the present invention, claim 1 contains 1 to 13% by weight of tin, 18% by weight or less of zinc, 0.5-6 wt% bismuth, 0.05-3 wt% antimony, up to 1 wt% phosphorus, 0.4 wt%
It consists of less than lead and the balance copper.
【０００９】請求項２は、１〜１３重量％の錫と、１８
重量％以下の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、
０．０５〜３重量％のアンチモンと、１重量％以下の燐
と、０．４重量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重量％のニッ
ケルと、残余の銅とから構成される。[0009] Claim 2 is that the tin is 1 to 13% by weight,
Weight percent zinc or less, 0.5 to 6 weight percent bismuth,
It consists of 0.05 to 3% by weight of antimony, 1% by weight or less of phosphorus, less than 0.4% by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3% by weight of nickel and the balance copper.
【００１０】請求項３は、３〜８重量％の錫と、２〜１
０重量％の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、
０．１〜２重量％のアンチモンと、０．００１〜０．５
重量％の燐と、０．４重量％未満の鉛と、残余の銅とか
ら構成される。[0010] Claim 3 is that 3 to 8% by weight of tin, 2 to 1% by weight.
0% by weight zinc, 0.5-6% by weight bismuth,
0.1 to 2% by weight of antimony and 0.001 to 0.5
It is composed of weight percent phosphorus, less than 0.4 weight percent lead, and the balance copper.
【００１１】請求項４は、３〜８重量％の錫と、２〜１
０重量％の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、
０．１〜２重量％のアンチモンと、０．００１〜０．５
重量％の燐と、０．４重量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重
量％のニッケルと、残余の銅とから構成される。[0011] Claim 4 is that 3 to 8% by weight of tin and 2 to 1% by weight.
0% by weight zinc, 0.5-6% by weight bismuth,
0.1 to 2% by weight of antimony and 0.001 to 0.5
It consists of wt% phosphorous, less than 0.4 wt% lead, 0.1-3 wt% nickel, and the balance copper.
【００１２】請求項５は、８．５〜１３重量％の錫と、
１重量％以下の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマス
と、０．０５〜３重量％のアンチモンと、０．０５〜１
重量％の燐と、０．４重量％未満の鉛と、残余の銅とか
ら構成される。[0012] Claim 5 is that 8.5 to 13% by weight of tin,
1% by weight or less of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth, 0.05 to 3% by weight of antimony, 0.05 to 1%
It is composed of weight percent phosphorus, less than 0.4 weight percent lead, and the balance copper.
【００１３】請求項６は、８．５〜１３重量％の錫と、
１重量％以下の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマス
と、０．０５〜３重量％のアンチモンと、０．０５〜１
重量％の燐と、０．４重量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重
量％のニッケルと、残余の銅とから構成される。[0013] Claim 6 provides that 8.5 to 13% by weight of tin,
1% by weight or less of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth, 0.05 to 3% by weight of antimony, 0.05 to 1%
It consists of wt% phosphorous, less than 0.4 wt% lead, 0.1-3 wt% nickel, and the balance copper.
【００１４】ここで、錫は、本合金のマトリックスの強
化、耐摩耗性の向上及び脱亜鉛腐食の抑制を狙って添加
するものである。錫の含有量を１〜１３重量％とした理
由は、上記作用を引き出すためには、１重量％未満では
不十分であり、一方、１３重量％を超えると組織中に硬
くて脆弱なδ相が多数現れて、機械的強度を損なうから
である。特に、錫の含有量を３〜８重量％としたときに
は、耐脱亜鉛腐食性と強度を兼ね備えた水栓金具に適す
る。また、錫の含有量を８．５〜１３重量％としたとき
には、さらに耐摩耗性が上がるから、高い耐摩耗性が求
められる摺動部材に好適である。Here, tin is added for the purpose of strengthening the matrix of the present alloy, improving wear resistance and suppressing dezincification corrosion. The reason for setting the tin content to 1 to 13% by weight is that if the content is less than 1% by weight is insufficient to bring out the above effects, while if it exceeds 13% by weight, the hard and brittle δ phase This is because a large number of appears to impair the mechanical strength. In particular, when the content of tin is 3 to 8% by weight, it is suitable for a faucet having both dezincification corrosion resistance and strength. Further, when the content of tin is 8.5 to 13% by weight, the wear resistance is further increased, so that it is suitable for a sliding member requiring high wear resistance.
【００１５】亜鉛は、溶解時に脱酸剤として作用して鋳
造性を高めると共に、本合金のマトリックスに固溶して
材料の強度を高めるものである。亜鉛の含有量を１８重
量％以下とした理由であるが、１８重量％を超えると脱
亜鉛腐食を起こし易くなるからである。特に、亜鉛の含
有量を２〜１０重量％としたときには、さらに鋳造性が
良くなるから、水栓器具など複雑な形状を有する鋳物に
好適である。さらに、亜鉛の含有量を１重量％以下とし
たときには、耐焼付性が高くなり、ウォームホイールな
ど過酷な条件で使用する摺動部材に最適である。Zinc acts as a deoxidizing agent during melting to enhance castability, and increases the strength of the material by forming a solid solution in the matrix of the present alloy. The reason for setting the zinc content to 18% by weight or less is that if the content exceeds 18% by weight, dezincification corrosion easily occurs. In particular, when the content of zinc is 2 to 10% by weight, the castability is further improved, so that it is suitable for castings having complicated shapes such as faucet equipment. Further, when the content of zinc is set to 1% by weight or less, the seizure resistance becomes high, and it is most suitable for a sliding member used under severe conditions such as a worm wheel.
【００１６】ビスマスは、被削性及び耐焼付性を向上さ
せるものである。ビスマスの含有量を０．５〜６重量％
とした理由であるが、０．５重量％未満であると、上記
作用が引き出せず、一方、６重量％を超えるとビスマス
の晶出量が増して機械的強度が低下するからである。Bismuth improves machinability and seizure resistance. Bismuth content 0.5 to 6% by weight
If the amount is less than 0.5% by weight, the above effect cannot be obtained, while if it exceeds 6% by weight, the crystallization amount of bismuth increases and the mechanical strength decreases.
【００１７】アンチモンは、Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ−Ｚｎ−Ｂｉ系
合金を鋳造したときに発生するポロシティの量を低減さ
せるという効果を引き出すものである。アンチモンの含
有量を０．０５〜３重量％とした理由であるが、０．０
５重量％未満では、上記作用が引き出せず、一方、３重
量％を超えると硬いＣｕ−Ｓｎ−Ｓｂの金属間化合物の
量が増して、靱性を損なうからである。特に、含有量を
０．１〜２重量％としたときには、上記作用を高レベル
で引き出せる。Antimony has the effect of reducing the amount of porosity generated when a Cu-Sn-Zn-Bi alloy is cast. This is because the content of antimony is set to 0.05 to 3% by weight.
If the amount is less than 5% by weight, the above effect cannot be obtained, while if the amount exceeds 3% by weight, the amount of hard Cu-Sn-Sb intermetallic compound increases and the toughness is impaired. In particular, when the content is 0.1 to 2% by weight, the above effects can be obtained at a high level.
【００１８】燐は、溶解、鋳造時に脱酸剤として働き、
鋳造性及び健全性を高めると共に、銅と結びついてＣｕ
3Ｐの金属間化合物を形成して耐摩耗性を向上させるも
のである。燐の含有量を１重量％以下とした理由である
が、１重量％を超えると、金属間化合物の量が増し、材
料の靱性を損なうからである。特に、燐の含有量を０．
０５〜１重量％としたときには、さらに耐摩耗性が上が
るから、高い耐摩耗性が求められる摺動部材に好適であ
る。また、燐の含有量を０．００１〜０．５重量％とし
たときには、優れた耐摩耗性と良好な鋳造性を有すの
で、水栓金具材に適する。Phosphorus acts as a deoxidizer during melting and casting,
In addition to improving castability and soundness, Cu
It forms a 3P intermetallic compound to improve wear resistance. The reason for setting the phosphorus content to 1% by weight or less is that if it exceeds 1% by weight, the amount of the intermetallic compound increases and the toughness of the material is impaired. In particular, the content of phosphorus is set to 0.1.
When the content is in the range of 0.5 to 1% by weight, the wear resistance is further increased. Therefore, it is suitable for a sliding member requiring high wear resistance. Further, when the content of phosphorus is set to 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, the material has excellent wear resistance and good castability, and thus is suitable for faucet fittings.
【００１９】鉛は、青銅合金の被削性、耐焼付性、耐圧
性を向上させるものの、鉛害をもたらすものである。鉛
の含有量を０．４重量％未満とした理由であるが、０．
４重量％未満であれば、実質的に鉛害が生じないからで
ある。なお、積極的に鉛の含有量を零としてもよいが、
本合金の製造にあたって搬入される市販原材料中には鉛
が必ず含まれており、これは不可避であるから、敢えて
０．４重量％未満としたものである。Although lead improves the machinability, seizure resistance and pressure resistance of a bronze alloy, it causes lead damage. This is because the content of lead is set to less than 0.4% by weight.
If the amount is less than 4% by weight, lead damage is not substantially caused. Although the lead content may be positively reduced to zero,
Lead is always contained in the commercial raw materials carried in the production of the present alloy, and it is unavoidable that lead is intentionally set to less than 0.4% by weight.
【００２０】ニッケルは、マトリックスの強化と、偏析
の防止に役立つ。ニッケルの含有量を０．１〜３重量％
とした理由であるが、０．１重量％未満では、上記作用
が引き出せず、一方、３重量％を超えると、上記作用が
飽和するからである。Nickel serves to strengthen the matrix and prevent segregation. 0.1 to 3% by weight of nickel
The reason is that if the content is less than 0.1% by weight, the above-mentioned effect cannot be obtained, while if it exceeds 3% by weight, the above-mentioned effect is saturated.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下、実施例を説明する。実施例に係る無鉛
快削青銅合金の組成配分を表１に、また比較例の合金の
組成配分を表２に示す。ここで、（Ｂａｌ）とは、残余
を意味する。これらの比較例のなかには、従来の技術の
欄で説明した合金が含まれている。各合金は高周波誘導
炉において溶製し、金型鋳造によりＪＩＳ・Ｈ・５１１
３・Ｅ号供試材に成形した。Embodiments will be described below. Table 1 shows the composition distribution of the lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy according to the example, and Table 2 shows the composition distribution of the alloy of the comparative example. Here, (Bal) means the remainder. These comparative examples include the alloys described in the section of the prior art. Each alloy is melted in a high-frequency induction furnace, and JIS H511
It was molded into a No. 3E test material.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２２】上記各合金の供試材について、引張試験、
脱亜鉛腐食試験、溶出試験、切削試験、健全性試験、摩
耗試験、硬さ試験をそれぞれ行った。その実験結果を表
３に示す。For the test materials of the above alloys, a tensile test was performed.
A dezincification corrosion test, a dissolution test, a cutting test, a soundness test, a wear test, and a hardness test were respectively performed. Table 3 shows the experimental results.
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２３】ここで、引張試験は、供試材をＪＩＳ・Ｂ
・２２０１・４号引張試験片（硬度片付）に機械加工
し、これを試験した。脱亜鉛腐食試験は、供試材を機械
加工により直径２０ｍｍ、長さ１０ｍｍに成形し、日本
伸銅協会技術標準「黄銅棒の脱亜鉛腐食試験方法」（Ｊ
ＭＢＡ−Ｔ−３０３−１９８８）に従って試験し、脱亜
鉛層の深さを測定することにより評価した。そして、脱
亜鉛層の深さが１０μｍ以下のときは良好（表３中の
○）とし、１０μｍを超えたときは不良（表３中の×）
とした。溶出試験は、供試材を機械加工により直径２０
ｍｍ、長さ１５０ｍｍに成形し、社団法人、日本水道協
会の定める「給水装置に係る器具等関係規定・規則およ
び審査基準（昭和５８年７月改正）」に従って試験し、
鉛とアンチモンの溶出量を測定した。そして、鉛につい
ては溶出限度基準値の０．０２ｍｇ／ｌ以下を合格（表
３中の○）とし、アンチモンについては指針値の０．０
０２ｍｇ／ｌ以下を合格（表３中の○）とし、逆にこれ
らを超えるものを不合格（表３中の×）とした。切削試
験は、供試材を機械加工により直径２０ｍｍ、長さ１５
０ｍｍに成形し、表４の条件で外径部を旋削加工し、切
削試験を行った。被削性の評価は、加工時に発生した切
削粉の形状から、図１に示すように、直線状切りくず、
からんだ切りくず、ヘリカル巻切りくず、円筒巻切りく
ず、及び密な円筒巻切りくずが排出されたときには、不
良（表３中の×）とし、渦巻・先端渦巻切りくず、折れ
た切りくず、及びせん断形切りくずが排出されたときに
は、良好（表３中の○）とし評価した。なお、バイトに
は図２の形状のものを使用した。健全性試験は、供試材
を機械加工により直径２０ｍｍ、長さ２００ｍｍに成形
し、外径部をＪＩＳ・Ｚ・２３４３に従って浸透探傷試
験した。各供試材は材料ごとに１０本ずつ試験し、１ｍ
ｍ以上の欠陥指示模様のあるものを不合格とした。そし
て、１０本中、合格した供試材が８本以上の材料を良好
（表３中の○）とし、７本〜６本の材料を並（表３中の
△）とし、５本以下の材料を不良（表３中の×）とし
た。摩耗試験については、供試材を機械加工により図３
に示すような孔あき円筒形状の試験片に成形し、図４に
示すＵブロックを相手材として、図５及び表５に示す条
件でファビリー摩耗試験を行った。そして、摩耗量とフ
ァビリー値から表６に示す基準で耐摩耗性及び耐焼付性
を評価した。耐摩耗性評価試験は、荷重３００Ｋｇｆで
１０分間試験して、試験前と試験後の重量を測定し、密
度から摩耗減量（体積：ｍｍ３）を算出し、これが少な
いものほど耐摩耗性が良いと評価し、三段階評価を行っ
た（表３中で良好が◎、良が○、不良が×）。耐焼付性
評価試験は、初期荷重２００Ｋｇｆから始めて、毎秒３
８Ｋｇｆの割合で荷重を増加させて焼付に至るまで試験
し、この間のトルクと荷重を記録する。そして、ファビ
リー値Ｆ（Ｋｇｆ・ｍ）は、荷重をＰ（Ｋｇｆ）、トル
クをＴ（Ｋｇｆ−ｃｍ）、時間をｔ（ｓｅｃ）、焼付く
までの時間をｔ１（ｓｅｃ）とすると、下記数式で求め
られ、このファビリー値Ｆが大きいほど耐焼付性に優れ
ているとし、三段階評価を行った（表３中で良好が◎、
良が○、不良が×）。また、総合評価は良（表３中の
○）、不良（表３中の×）の二段階である。Here, in the tensile test, the test material was JIS B
Machined into a 2201.4 No. 4 tensile test piece (with a hardness piece) and tested. The dezincification corrosion test is performed by forming a test material into a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 10 mm by machining, and the Japan Copper and Brass Association technical standard "Dezincification corrosion test method of brass rod" (J
MBA-T-303-1988) and evaluated by measuring the depth of the dezincified layer. When the depth of the dezincing layer is 10 μm or less, it is good (○ in Table 3), and when it exceeds 10 μm, it is poor (× in Table 3).
And In the dissolution test, the test material was machined to a diameter of 20
mm, 150mm in length, and tested in accordance with the Japan Water Works Association's "Regulations, Rules and Examination Standards Related to Water Supply Equipment (Revised July 1983)"
The elution amounts of lead and antimony were measured. For lead, the elution limit standard value of 0.02 mg / l or less was regarded as acceptable (o in Table 3), and for antimony, the guideline value of 0.0
02 mg / l or less was judged as acceptable (o in Table 3), and those exceeding these were judged as unacceptable (x in Table 3). In the cutting test, the test material was machined to have a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 15 mm.
It was molded to 0 mm, the outer diameter was turned under the conditions shown in Table 4, and a cutting test was performed. The evaluation of the machinability is based on the shape of the cutting powder generated during machining, as shown in FIG.
When a scrap, a helical scrap, a cylindrical scrap, or a dense cylindrical scrap is discharged, it is determined to be defective (x in Table 3), and a spiral / tip spiral chip or broken chip is discharged. , And when the shear-shaped chips were discharged, it was evaluated as good (良好 in Table 3). In addition, the cutting tool having the shape shown in FIG. 2 was used. In the soundness test, the test material was machined to have a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 200 mm, and the outer diameter portion was subjected to a penetration test in accordance with JIS Z 2343. Each test material was tested 10 times for each material and 1m
Those having a defect indication pattern of m or more were rejected. Out of the 10 samples, 8 or more passed test materials were evaluated as good (○ in Table 3), 7 to 6 materials were averaged (△ in Table 3), and 5 or less were evaluated. The material was determined to be defective (x in Table 3). For the abrasion test, the test material was machined as shown in FIG.
4 and a U-block shown in FIG. 4 was subjected to a Fabry abrasion test under the conditions shown in FIGS. Then, the wear resistance and the seizure resistance were evaluated based on the wear amount and the Fabry value based on the criteria shown in Table 6. In the abrasion resistance evaluation test, a test was performed at a load of 300 kgf for 10 minutes, the weight before and after the test was measured, and the abrasion loss (volume: mm 3 ) was calculated from the density. And evaluated on a three-point scale (Excellent in Table 3, good for good, good for good, bad for bad). The seizure resistance evaluation test starts at an initial load of 200 kgf and starts at 3 kg / s.
The test is carried out by increasing the load at a rate of 8 kgf until seizure occurs, and the torque and load during this test are recorded. The Fabry value F (Kgf · m) is expressed by the following formula, assuming that the load is P (Kgf), the torque is T (Kgf-cm), the time is t (sec), and the time until seizure is t1 (sec). It was determined that the larger the Fabry value F was, the better the seizure resistance was.
Good: good, bad: bad. In addition, the overall evaluation is of two grades: good (o in Table 3) and bad (x in Table 3).
【表４】 [Table 4]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【数１】 (Equation 1)
【００２４】上記表３によれば、実施例の供試材は、各
項目でいずれも比較例よりも優れた数値が得られてお
り、本願の目的とするところの、実質的に鉛害を起こす
ことがないこと、被削性、耐焼付性及び耐圧性に優れて
いること、鋳造性、健全性、耐脱亜鉛腐食性、耐摩耗性
など他の特性においても満足できる性能を有しているこ
と、は全て達成されている。According to Table 3 above, the test materials of the examples were all superior in numerical values to the comparative examples in each of the items. It does not occur, has excellent machinability, seizure resistance and pressure resistance, and has satisfactory performance in other properties such as castability, soundness, dezincification corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance. Has been achieved.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、請求項１の無鉛快
削青銅合金は、鉛を０．４重量％未満に抑えることによ
り、製品製造時及び使用時の鉛害発生を防止でき、また
ビスマスの少量添加等により、健全性を確保しつつ被削
性及び耐焼付性を向上させることができ、さらにアンチ
モンの添加等によりポロシティの多発を抑制して健全性
を確保しつつ耐圧性及び機械的強度を向上させ、錫の添
加等により脱亜鉛腐食を有効に防止することができ、し
かも亜鉛、燐の添加等により鋳造性を改善し、これらと
錫の添加等により耐摩耗性及び機械的強度などを改善す
ることができた。このように本合金は鉛害を排除し、被
削性、耐焼付性及び耐圧性に優れ、且つ鋳造性、健全
性、耐脱亜鉛腐食性、耐摩耗性など他の特性においても
満足できる性能を有するから、水栓金具及び摺動部材と
して好適である。As described above, the lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy of claim 1 can prevent lead damage during production and use of a product by suppressing lead to less than 0.4% by weight. By adding a small amount of bismuth, the machinability and seizure resistance can be improved while maintaining soundness. Further, by adding antimony, etc., the occurrence of porosity is suppressed and the pressure resistance and mechanical strength are maintained while maintaining soundness. Zinc, phosphorus, etc. to improve castability, and the addition of tin and the like to improve wear resistance and mechanical properties. The strength etc. could be improved. In this way, the alloy eliminates lead damage, excels in machinability, seizure resistance and pressure resistance, and also satisfies other properties such as castability, soundness, dezincification corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. Therefore, it is suitable as a faucet fitting and a sliding member.
【００２６】請求項２の無鉛快削青銅合金は、ニッケル
の添加により、さらにマトリックスの強化及び偏析防止
を図ることができる。The lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy of the second aspect can further strengthen the matrix and prevent segregation by adding nickel.
【００２７】請求項３の無鉛快削青銅合金は、錫を３〜
８重量％としたので、強度と耐脱亜鉛腐食性を兼ね備
え、また亜鉛を２〜１０重量％として燐を０．００１〜
０．５重量％としたので、さらに鋳造性が良くなって水
栓器具など複雑な形状を有する鋳物に好適となり、アン
チモンを０．１〜２重量％としたので、さらに靱性を高
くして機械的強度を高め且つポロシティの量を抑えて健
全性を高めることができた。[0027] The lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that tin is contained in 3 to
Since it is 8% by weight, it has both strength and dezincification corrosion resistance.
The content of 0.5% by weight further improves castability and is suitable for castings having complicated shapes such as faucet equipment. Since 0.1 to 2% by weight of antimony is used, the toughness is further increased and the The sound strength was increased by increasing the target strength and suppressing the amount of porosity.
【００２８】請求項４の無鉛快削青銅合金は、請求項３
の構成に対してニッケルを添加したから、さらにマトリ
ックスの強化及び偏析防止を図ることができる。[0028] The lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy of the fourth aspect is the third aspect of the invention.
Since nickel is added to the above structure, the matrix can be further strengthened and segregation can be prevented.
【００２９】請求項５の無鉛快削青銅合金は、錫を８．
５〜１３重量％とし、亜鉛を１重量％以下とし、燐を
０．０５〜１重量％としたので、さらに耐摩耗性が高く
なり、ウォームホイールなど過酷な条件で使用する摺動
部材に最適である。In the lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy according to the fifth aspect, tin is added to 8.8.
5-13% by weight, 1% by weight or less of zinc and 0.05-1% by weight of phosphorus further increase the abrasion resistance and are ideal for sliding members used under severe conditions such as worm wheels. It is.
【００３０】請求項６の無鉛快削青銅合金は、請求項４
の構成に対してニッケルを添加したから、さらにマトリ
ックスの強化及び偏析防止を図ることができる。[0030] The lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy of claim 6 is provided in claim 4.
Since nickel is added to the above structure, the matrix can be further strengthened and segregation can be prevented.
【図１】被削性の評価基準を示す切りくずの説明図、FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of chips showing evaluation criteria for machinability,
【図２】被削性の評価の使用したバイトの寸法図、FIG. 2 is a dimensional diagram of a cutting tool used for evaluation of machinability,
【図３】摩耗試験の試験片の寸法図、FIG. 3 is a dimensional diagram of a test piece for a wear test;
【図４】ファビリー摩耗試験に用いたＵブロックの寸法
図、FIG. 4 is a dimensional diagram of a U block used in a Fabry wear test,
【図５】ファビリー摩耗試験の要領を示す斜視図であ
る。FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a procedure of a Fabry wear test.
【表５】 [Table 5]
【表６】 [Table 6]
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 杉山 健司 大阪市平野区瓜破南２丁目１番56号 株 式会社タブチ内 (72)発明者 中島 邦夫 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新１番地の １ 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (72)発明者 細田 征男 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新１番地の １ 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (72)発明者 矢後 亘 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新１番地の １ 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (72)発明者 稲垣 一之 富山県中新川郡立山町西芦原新１番地の １ 中越合金鋳工株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−279771（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平１−136943（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) C22C 9/00 - 9/10 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Kenji Sugiyama 2-1-156 Urashinami, Hirano-ku, Osaka-shi Inside Tabuchi Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kunio Nakajima 1st Nishiashiwara, Tateyama-cho, Nakashinagawa-gun, Toyama Prefecture No. 1 Inside Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Muneo Hosoda No. 1 Nishi Ashihara, Tateyama Town, Nakashinagawa County, Toyama Prefecture 1 Inside Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Wataru Yago (1) Inside Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (1) Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuyuki Inagaki 1 (1) Chuetsu Alloy Casting Co., Ltd., Tachiyamacho, Tateyama Town, Toyama Prefecture (56) References JP-A-5-279771 (JP, A) JP-A-1-136943 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) C22C 9/00-9/10
Claims (6)
亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．０５〜３
重量％のアンチモンと、１重量％以下の燐と、０．４重
量％未満の鉛と、残余の銅とから構成される無鉛快削青
銅合金。1 to 13% by weight of tin, 18% by weight or less of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth, 0.05 to 3% by weight.
A lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy composed of at most 1% by weight of antimony, up to 1% by weight of phosphorus, less than 0.4% by weight of lead and the balance of copper.
亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．０５〜３
重量％のアンチモンと、１重量％以下の燐と、０．４重
量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重量％のニッケルと、残余
の銅とから構成される無鉛快削青銅合金。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tin is present in an amount of 1 to 13% by weight, the zinc being 18% by weight or less, the bismuth 0.5% to 6% by weight,
A lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy comprising, by weight, antimony, up to 1% by weight of phosphorus, less than 0.4% by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3% by weight of nickel and the balance of copper.
鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．１〜２重量
％のアンチモンと、０．００１〜０．５重量％の燐と、
０．４重量％未満の鉛と、残余の銅とから構成される無
鉛快削青銅合金。3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 3 to 8% by weight of tin, 2 to 10% by weight of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth, 0.1 to 2% by weight of antimony and 0.001 to 0%. 0.5% by weight phosphorus;
Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy composed of less than 0.4% by weight of lead and the balance of copper.
鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．１〜２重量
％のアンチモンと、０．００１〜０．５重量％の燐と、
０．４重量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重量％のニッケル
と、残余の銅とから構成される無鉛快削青銅合金。4. A method according to claim 1, wherein 3 to 8% by weight of tin, 2 to 10% by weight of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth, 0.1 to 2% by weight of antimony, 0.001 to 0%. 0.5% by weight phosphorus;
A lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy comprising less than 0.4% by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3% by weight of nickel, and the balance of copper.
の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．０５〜
３重量％のアンチモンと、０．０５〜１重量％の燐と、
０．４重量％未満の鉛と、残余の銅とから構成される無
鉛快削青銅合金。5. The composition according to claim 5, wherein 8.5 to 13% by weight of tin, 1% by weight or less of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth,
3% by weight of antimony, 0.05 to 1% by weight of phosphorus,
Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy composed of less than 0.4% by weight of lead and the balance of copper.
の亜鉛と、０．５〜６重量％のビスマスと、０．０５〜
３重量％のアンチモンと、０．０５〜１重量％の燐と、
０．４重量％未満の鉛と、０．１〜３重量％のニッケル
と、残余の銅とから構成される無鉛快削青銅合金。6. 8.5 to 13% by weight of tin, up to 1% by weight of zinc, 0.5 to 6% by weight of bismuth,
3% by weight of antimony, 0.05 to 1% by weight of phosphorus,
A lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy comprising less than 0.4% by weight of lead, 0.1 to 3% by weight of nickel, and the balance of copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28262094A JP2889829B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28262094A JP2889829B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08120369A JPH08120369A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
| JP2889829B2 true JP2889829B2 (en) | 1999-05-10 |
Family
ID=17654898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28262094A Expired - Lifetime JP2889829B2 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1994-10-20 | Lead-free free-cutting bronze alloy |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2889829B2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007026780A1 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-08 | Kitz Corporation | Bronze low-lead alloy |
| US9963765B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-05-08 | Kurimoto, Ltd. | Copper alloy for use in a member for use in water works |
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1994
- 1994-10-20 JP JP28262094A patent/JP2889829B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007026780A1 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-08 | Kitz Corporation | Bronze low-lead alloy |
| US9963765B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 | 2018-05-08 | Kurimoto, Ltd. | Copper alloy for use in a member for use in water works |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08120369A (en) | 1996-05-14 |
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