JP2886299B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper sheet - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper sheetInfo
- Publication number
- JP2886299B2 JP2886299B2 JP23049390A JP23049390A JP2886299B2 JP 2886299 B2 JP2886299 B2 JP 2886299B2 JP 23049390 A JP23049390 A JP 23049390A JP 23049390 A JP23049390 A JP 23049390A JP 2886299 B2 JP2886299 B2 JP 2886299B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- orientation
- angle
- paper sheet
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、複写機に用いられるPPC用紙，コンピュー
タなどのラインプリンターに用いられる連続伝票用紙，
ポスターなどに用いられる塗工紙の原紙などの様々な紙
シートの繊維配向特性を測定する方法及びこの測定方法
を実施するのに好適な装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to PPC paper used in copiers, continuous slip paper used in line printers such as computers,
The present invention relates to a method for measuring fiber orientation characteristics of various paper sheets such as coated paper base paper used for posters and the like, and an apparatus suitable for carrying out the measuring method.
従来、紙シートの紙面の繊維配合特性を測定するに
は、第７図の平面説明図及び第８図の同Ａ−Ａ線断面図
に示すように、高強度の光源40から紙シートの水平面41
に対して垂直な角度で偏光光束ILを照射し、互いに直交
する二方向である抄紙方向（縦方向）及び抄紙幅方向
（横方向）の紙面からの反射光の強度を45゜の測定角度
βで抄紙方向の反射光の強度Ｋ及び抄紙幅方向の反射光
の強度Ｐとして測定し、繊維配向特性をK/P（縦横比）
か又はＫ−Ｐ（縦横の差）で表示していた（米国特許第
3,807,868号明細書参照）。Conventionally, in order to measure the fiber blending characteristics of the paper sheet, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 7 and the sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 41
The polarized light flux IL is irradiated at an angle perpendicular to the paper, and the intensity of the reflected light from the paper surface in the papermaking direction (vertical direction) and the papermaking width direction (horizontal direction), which are orthogonal to each other, is measured at a measurement angle β of 45 °. Is measured as the intensity K of the reflected light in the papermaking direction and the intensity P of the reflected light in the papermaking width direction, and the fiber orientation characteristics are measured as K / P (aspect ratio).
Or K-P (length and width difference) (US Patent No.
3,807,868).
しかしながら、上記従来の測定方法では、繊維配向特
性を抄紙方向についての反射光の強度Ｋと抄紙幅方向に
ついての反射光の強度Ｐとの比（K/P）又はその差（Ｋ
−Ｐ）で表示していたので、繊維配向角が抄紙方向や抄
紙幅方向とズレた方向にある紙シートなどでは、正確な
繊維配向特性を評価することができないという欠点があ
った。例えば、第９図のように繊維配向角が抄紙方向か
ら角度γだけズレた紙シートでは、真の繊維配向特性は
Ｋ′/P′と表現されるべきであるにも拘らず、この従来
方法では真の繊維配向特性Ｋ′/P′よりかなり小さい値
の繊維配向特性K/Pとして評価してしまうという欠点が
あったのである。However, in the above-mentioned conventional measuring method, the fiber orientation characteristics are determined by the ratio (K / P) or the difference (K / P) between the intensity K of the reflected light in the papermaking direction and the intensity P of the reflected light in the papermaking width direction.
-P), there was a drawback that accurate fiber orientation characteristics could not be evaluated in a paper sheet or the like in which the fiber orientation angle was shifted from the papermaking direction or the papermaking width direction. For example, in a paper sheet in which the fiber orientation angle deviates from the papermaking direction by an angle γ as shown in FIG. 9, the true fiber orientation characteristic should be expressed as K ′ / P ′, but this conventional method is used. In this case, there is a defect that the fiber orientation characteristic K / P is evaluated as a value considerably smaller than the true fiber orientation characteristic K '/ P'.
また同一の紙シートについて、紙シートの平滑度を変
えて各方向の反射光の強度Ｋ及びＰを測定して繊維配向
特性K/Pで表わした結果、第10図に示す如く紙シートの
平滑度が変わると繊維配向特性K/Pの値が変化した。従
って上記した従来の方法では、紙シートが同種であって
も異種であっても平滑性が異なる試料の場合には、繊維
配向特性を比較検討することができないという欠点があ
ったのである。Further, for the same paper sheet, the intensity K and P of the reflected light in each direction were measured while changing the smoothness of the paper sheet and expressed as fiber orientation characteristics K / P. As a result, as shown in FIG. When the degree changed, the value of the fiber orientation characteristic K / P changed. Therefore, the above-mentioned conventional method has a drawback that the fiber orientation characteristics cannot be compared and examined in the case of samples having different smoothness regardless of whether the paper sheets are the same or different.
本発明は、上記従来技術の欠点を解消し、測定値が試
料の平滑度の影響を受けることがないように、紙シート
の紙面の繊維配向特性を測定することができる方法及び
この方法を実施するために好適な装置を提供することを
課題とする。The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and implements a method capable of measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper surface of a paper sheet so that the measured value is not affected by the smoothness of the sample. It is an object of the present invention to provide a suitable device for performing the above.
本発明者等はかかる課題を解決すべく鋭意検討の結
果、測定すべき紙シートの紙面に対して所定の入射角度
で投光装置より該紙面に向けて入射光を照射し該紙面よ
り該入射角度と同じ角度の正反射角度で反射する反射光
を受光装置で受光させるに際し、該入射光と該反射光と
が通過する平面と該紙面との交線を中心軸として紙面を
煽り角度だけ傾斜させ且つ該入射光の該紙面への照射中
心点を通り該紙面に垂直な線を回転中心軸線として該紙
シートを回転させ、紙シートの回転角度とその回転角度
における前記受光装置で受光した反射光の強度とを回転
角度，反射光の強度，紙シートの繊維配向の主配向方向
（配向角）及び配向強度（配向指数）を含む繊維配向分
布関係式に当て嵌めて繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角）
及び配向強度（配向指数）を算出すれば、平滑度の影響
を受けることなく繊維配向特性を評価することができる
ことを究明して本発明方法を完成し、この本発明方法を
実施するために好適な装置の開発にも成功して本発明装
置を完成したのである。The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve such a problem, and as a result, irradiate incident light from the light projecting device toward the paper surface at a predetermined incident angle with respect to the paper surface of the paper sheet to be measured, and apply the incident light from the paper surface. When the reflected light reflected at the regular reflection angle of the same angle as the angle is received by the light receiving device, the paper surface is tilted by an angle by tilting the paper surface with the intersection line between the plane through which the incident light and the reflected light pass and the paper surface as a central axis. And rotating the paper sheet with a line passing through a central point of irradiation of the incident light on the paper surface and a line perpendicular to the paper surface as a rotation center axis, and a rotation angle of the paper sheet and a reflection received by the light receiving device at the rotation angle. By applying the light intensity to the rotation angle, the intensity of the reflected light, the main orientation direction (orientation angle) of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet and the fiber orientation distribution relational expression including the orientation intensity (orientation index), the main orientation direction of the fiber orientation (Orientation angle)
By calculating the orientation strength (orientation index), it was determined that the fiber orientation characteristics could be evaluated without being affected by the smoothness, and the method of the present invention was completed. The device of the present invention was completed by successfully developing a new device.
以下、図面により本発明装置について説明しながら本
発明方法について詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described in detail while describing the apparatus of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明方法を簡単に説明するための説明用斜
視図、第２図は同側面図、第３図は本発明装置の１実施
例の構成を簡単に示す説明用正面図、第４図はその入射
光部の左側面図、第５図はその反射光部の右側面図、第
６図は本発明方法によって測定された配向指数ηと王研
式平滑度で表わした平滑度との関係を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining the method of the present invention simply, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same, FIG. 3 is a front view for explaining the structure of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a left side view of the incident light portion, FIG. 5 is a right side view of the reflected light portion, and FIG. 6 is an orientation index η measured by the method of the present invention and a smoothness expressed by Oken type smoothness. FIG.
本発明方法を実施するためには、先ず表面の繊維配向
特性を評価すべき紙シート１を支持せしめるフラットな
支持面を有する試料台30を準備する。この試料台30に
は、支持面上のほぼ中央である後述する照射中心点３を
通り支持面に垂直な線を回転中心軸線として回転できる
ように駆動装置35が設けられていると共に、試料台30の
回転角度θを検出するロータリーエンコーダ36が設けら
れている。In order to carry out the method of the present invention, first, a sample table 30 having a flat support surface for supporting a paper sheet 1 whose surface fiber orientation characteristics are to be evaluated is prepared. The sample stage 30 is provided with a driving device 35 so as to be able to rotate about a line passing through a later-described irradiation center point 3 which is substantially at the center on the support surface and perpendicular to the support surface as a rotation center axis. A rotary encoder 36 for detecting the rotation angle θ of 30 is provided.
そして、試料台30の支持面上に支持された紙シート１
の紙面1aに向けて光を照射する投光装置14とこの投光装
置14よりの入射光Liが紙シート１で反射する反射光Loを
受光する受光装置24とが、それぞれ所定の状態に設置さ
れている。この所定の状態とは、第３図〜第５図に示す
如く試料台30の支持面に支持された紙シート１の紙面1a
上の前記回転中心軸線が位置する照射中心点３に向けて
投光装置14より入射角度θｉで照射された入射光Liが前
記照射中心点３の位置で前記入射角度θｉと同じ角度の
正反射角度θｏで反射され、その反射光Loが受光装置24
で受光されるように設定されていて前記入射光Liと反射
光Loとが一つの平面２を通過する状態である。The paper sheet 1 supported on the support surface of the sample stage 30
A light projecting device 14 that irradiates light toward the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 and a light receiving device 24 that receives reflected light Lo that is the incident light Li from the light projecting device 14 reflected on the paper sheet 1 are installed in predetermined states, respectively. Have been. This predetermined state is defined as the plane 1a of the paper sheet 1 supported on the support surface of the sample stage 30 as shown in FIGS.
The incident light Li irradiated from the light projecting device 14 at the incident angle θi toward the irradiation center point 3 where the rotation center axis is located is specular reflection at the irradiation center point 3 at the same angle as the incident angle θi. Is reflected at an angle θo, and the reflected light Lo
In a state where the incident light Li and the reflected light Lo pass through one plane 2.
また、前記投光装置14と受光装置24との位置関係は通
常固定されているので、試料台30は図示しないが試料台
30の支持面に対する前記平面２の傾斜角度である煽り角
度αを変更可能な状態に紙シート１の紙面1aと平面２と
の交線Ｏを中心軸として試料台30を傾斜せしめる角度調
節機構が備えられている。この角度調節機構により紙シ
ート１の紙面1aと平面２との交線Ｏを中心軸として試料
台30を傾斜させて設定させる煽り角度αとしては、測定
データに再現性を有する正確なデータを得るために40゜
〜60゜であることが好ましい。Further, since the positional relationship between the light emitting device 14 and the light receiving device 24 is usually fixed, the sample stage 30 is not shown, but is not shown.
An angle adjusting mechanism for inclining the sample table 30 about the intersection line O between the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 and the plane 2 so that the tilt angle α, which is the inclination angle of the plane 2 with respect to the support surface of the sheet 30, can be changed. Provided. With this angle adjusting mechanism, the tilt angle α for tilting and setting the sample table 30 about the intersection line O between the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 and the plane 2 as the central axis can obtain accurate data with reproducibility in the measurement data. Therefore, it is preferable that the angle is 40 ° to 60 °.
投光装置14は、第３図及び第４図に示す如く光源10と
レンズ系11と絞り12とを備えている。光源10としては、
白熱灯，ハロゲンランプ,He−Neレーザー等を使用する
ことができ、白熱灯やハロゲンランプ等を使用する場合
は紙シート１の紙面1aに平行光を照射できるように通過
光を絞るピンホールとピンホールを通過した光を平行光
とするレンズ系11を必要とし、He−Neレーザーを使用す
る場合は平行光束の幅を広げるエキスパンダーを必要と
する。また、レンズ系11を介して光源10より紙シート１
の紙面1aに所定の径の光を照射するために、所定の径の
絞り12が設けられている。この絞り12としては、紙シー
ト１の紙面1a上の照射された光の直径が10mmより小さい
と紙シート１の地合いムラなどによる局部的な配向が測
定されるため、平均的な値を測定すべく紙シート１の紙
面1a上に照射される光の直径を少なくとも20mm以上とし
得るものを使用することが好ましい。また絞り12は、紙
シート１の紙面1a上での光の形状を円形にするために、
第４図に示す如く試料台30の支持面上に支持された紙面
1aと平行となるように設置されていることが好ましい。The light projecting device 14 includes a light source 10, a lens system 11, and an aperture 12, as shown in FIGS. As the light source 10,
An incandescent lamp, a halogen lamp, a He-Ne laser, or the like can be used. A lens system 11 for converting the light passing through the pinhole into parallel light is required. When a He-Ne laser is used, an expander for expanding the width of the parallel light beam is required. Further, the paper sheet 1 is supplied from the light source 10 through the lens system 11.
An aperture 12 having a predetermined diameter is provided in order to irradiate a light having a predetermined diameter to the paper surface 1a of FIG. When the diameter of the irradiated light on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 is smaller than 10 mm, the aperture 12 measures an average value because local orientation due to uneven formation of the paper sheet 1 is measured. For this reason, it is preferable to use a material that can make the diameter of the light irradiated on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 at least 20 mm or more. The aperture 12 is used to make the shape of light on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 circular.
Paper surface supported on the support surface of the sample stage 30 as shown in FIG.
It is preferable to be installed so as to be parallel to 1a.
投光装置14よりの入射光Liが紙シート１の紙面1a上で
反射した反射光Loを受光する受光装置24は、第３図及び
第５図に示す如く受光レンズ20,迷光除去用ピンホール2
1及び光電変換素子22を備えている。迷光除去用ピンホ
ール21は紙シート１の紙面1aで反射した反射光Loを集光
する受光レンズ20の焦点位置に拡散光等の迷光を除去す
るために設けられるものであり、光電変換素子22はピン
ホール21の受光レンズ20及び紙シート１と反対側で反射
光Liの強度Ｚを検出する光電子増倍管より成るものであ
る。As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the light receiving device 24 for receiving the reflected light Lo in which the incident light Li from the light projecting device 14 is reflected on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 includes a light receiving lens 20, a stray light removing pinhole, and the like. Two
1 and a photoelectric conversion element 22. The stray light removing pinhole 21 is provided at a focal position of the light receiving lens 20 for collecting the reflected light Lo reflected on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 to remove stray light such as diffused light. Is composed of a photomultiplier tube for detecting the intensity Z of the reflected light Li on the side opposite to the light receiving lens 20 and the paper sheet 1 of the pinhole 21.
これら投光装置14と受光装置24とは前記した如く平面
２内において入射光Liの照射中心点３を通り平面２と試
料台30の支持面との交線Ｏに垂直な線Ｘに対する入射光
Liの成す入射角度θｉと反射光Loの成す反射角度θｏと
を等しく設定された状態に設置されているのであるが、
入射光Liの入射角度θｉと反射光Loの反射角度θｏとし
ては測定データに再現性を有する正確なデータを得る角
度として50゜〜70゜であることが好ましい。As described above, the light projecting device 14 and the light receiving device 24 are incident light with respect to the line X perpendicular to the intersection line O between the plane 2 and the support surface of the sample stage 30 through the irradiation center point 3 of the incident light Li in the plane 2.
Although the incident angle θi formed by Li and the reflection angle θo formed by the reflected light Lo are set to be equal,
The incident angle θi of the incident light Li and the reflection angle θo of the reflected light Lo are preferably 50 ° to 70 ° as an angle for obtaining accurate data having reproducibility in the measurement data.
そして、受光装置24の光電変換素子22で検出された反
射光Loの強度Ｚに対応する光強度信号は、所定の処理を
施されてコンピュータ33に入力される。この際、受光装
置24の光電変換素子22で検出される反射光Loの強度Ｚは
概して小さいので、この強度Ｚを増幅せしめる直流増幅
器31が受光装置24の光電変換素子22に接続されており、
更に直流増幅器31により増幅された反射光Loの光強度信
号をデジタル信号に変換せしめるA/D変換用コンバータ3
2が直流増幅器31に接続されていて、このA/D変換用コン
バータ32よりのデジタル信号を入力されて繊維配向の主
配向方向（配向角δ）及び配向強度（配向指数η）を算
出するコンピュータ33がA/D変換用コンバータ32に接続
されている。また、このコンピュータ33には試料台30の
回転角度θを検出するロータリーエンコーダ36よりの回
転角度θの信号を受けるインターフェイス34も接続され
ていて試料台30の回転角度θの信号が入力されるように
構成されている。Then, a light intensity signal corresponding to the intensity Z of the reflected light Lo detected by the photoelectric conversion element 22 of the light receiving device 24 is subjected to predetermined processing and input to the computer 33. At this time, since the intensity Z of the reflected light Lo detected by the photoelectric conversion element 22 of the light receiving device 24 is generally small, a DC amplifier 31 for amplifying the intensity Z is connected to the photoelectric conversion element 22 of the light receiving device 24,
A / D converter 3 for converting the light intensity signal of the reflected light Lo amplified by the DC amplifier 31 into a digital signal.
A computer 2 is connected to a DC amplifier 31 and receives a digital signal from the A / D conversion converter 32 to calculate a main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and orientation intensity (orientation index η) of fiber orientation. 33 is connected to the A / D conversion converter 32. The computer 33 is also connected to an interface 34 for receiving a signal of the rotation angle θ from a rotary encoder 36 for detecting the rotation angle θ of the sample table 30 so that the signal of the rotation angle θ of the sample table 30 is input. Is configured.
そして、このコンピュータ33では、入力された前記入
射光Loの強度Ｚの信号及び試料台30の回転角度θの信号
をそれぞれ記憶し、更に試料台30の回転角度θ，反射光
Loの強度Z,紙シート１の繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角
δ）及び配向強度（配向指数η）を含む繊維配向分布関
係式に前記記憶した回転角度θと反射光Loの強度Ｚとを
当て嵌めて紙シート１の繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角
δ）及び配向強度（配向指数η）が算出されるのであ
る。The computer 33 stores the input signal of the intensity Z of the incident light Lo and the signal of the rotation angle θ of the sample stage 30, and further stores the rotation angle θ of the sample stage 30 and the reflected light.
The rotation angle θ and the intensity Z of the reflected light Lo stored in the fiber orientation distribution relational expression including the intensity Z of Lo, the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and the orientation intensity (orientation index η) of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet 1. Is applied to calculate the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and the orientation intensity (orientation index η) of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet 1.
ここで、試料台30の回転角度θ，反射光Loの強度Z,紙
シート１の繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角δ）及び配向
強度（配向指数η）を含む繊維配向分布関係式として
は、例えば次式を挙げることができる。Here, the fiber orientation distribution relational expression including the rotation angle θ of the sample table 30, the intensity Z of the reflected light Lo, the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and the orientation intensity (orientation index η) of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet 1 is as follows. For example, the following formula can be given.
Ｚ（θ）＝Ｃ［１＋ηcos2（θ−δ）］ ここで、 θ：試料台30の回転角度 Ｚ（θ）：回転角度θにおける反射光Loの強度 δ：繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角） η：配向強度（配向指数） C:反射光Loの強度Ｚの平均値 すなわち、試料台30の回転角度θ（試料台30の支持面
に支持された紙シート１の紙面1aの抄紙方向に対する紙
シート１の回転角度）と、この回転角度θにおける反射
光Loの強度Ｚとを、試料台30の回転角度θを０゜≦θ＜
360゜の範囲で、例えば１゜毎に10回検出した反射光Lo
の強度Ｚの平均値とを上記式に当て嵌めて演算すること
によって繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角δ）及び配向強
度（配向指数η）が算出できるのである。Z (θ) = C [1 + η cos2 (θ−δ)] where: θ: rotation angle of sample stage 30 Z (θ): intensity of reflected light Lo at rotation angle θ δ: main orientation direction of fiber orientation (orientation angle) Η: Orientation intensity (orientation index) C: Average value of intensity Z of reflected light Lo That is, the rotation angle θ of the sample table 30 (with respect to the papermaking direction of the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 supported on the support surface of the sample table 30) The rotation angle θ of the sample table 30 is defined as 0 ° ≦ θ <
Reflected light Lo detected in the range of 360 ゜, for example, 10 times every 1 ゜
The main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and the orientation intensity (orientation index η) of the fiber orientation can be calculated by applying the average value of the intensity Z to the above equation and calculating.
上記した式は、楕円関数やフーリエ級数やVon Mises
関数等を用いても同様の繊維配向特性値を算出すること
ができる。The above equations are used for elliptic functions, Fourier series, Von Mises
A similar fiber orientation characteristic value can be calculated by using a function or the like.
尚、演算した結果は、例えば周知のCRTにより画面表
示したり、更にプリンターにより出力することもでき
る。The calculated result can be displayed on a screen by a well-known CRT, for example, or output by a printer.
このようにコンピュータ33で繊維配向特性として算出
する繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角δ）及び配向強度
（配向指数η）の意味するところは、繊維配向の主配向
方向（配向角δ）は紙シート１の紙面1a表面の繊維の平
均的な並び方向（すなわち、繊維が最も多く並んでいる
方向）を意味していて、通常マシン方向をゼロ度として
抄紙機の下流に向かって時計方向をプラス（正）の角度
で、反時計方向をマイナス（負）の角度で表わしてい
る。配向強度（配向指数η）は全測定角度における繊維
本数の平均値に対する繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角
δ）や主配向方向に直角な方向（この方向は通常繊維が
最も少なく並んでいる方向としている）に並んでいる繊
維の本数の偏差を意味している。そしてこのような紙シ
ート１の紙面1a表面の繊維配向特性は、紙の強度や紙ぐ
せ（カール，反り，ねじれ等）と密接に関連しており、
例えばPPC適性（普通紙複写機における小判裁断紙の複
写前にトレー収容性や複写後の積層性やソーター性），
高速印刷機や加工機において蛇行や曲がりが発生するこ
とによる走行性,NIP適性（ノンインパクトプリンターで
使用される連続伝票用紙の積層性）等に密接に関連して
いるのである。Thus, the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and orientation intensity (orientation index η) of the fiber orientation calculated as the fiber orientation characteristics by the computer 33 means that the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) of the fiber orientation is paper. Means the average arrangement direction of the fibers on the surface 1a of the sheet 1 (that is, the direction in which the most fibers are arranged). Normally, the machine direction is set to zero degree and the clockwise direction toward the downstream of the paper machine is plus. The angle is (positive) and the counterclockwise direction is expressed as minus (negative). The orientation strength (orientation index η) is the main orientation direction of fiber orientation (orientation angle δ) or the direction perpendicular to the main orientation direction with respect to the average value of the number of fibers at all measurement angles (this direction is usually the direction in which the fibers are arranged in the least number). Means the deviation of the number of fibers arranged in a line. The fiber orientation characteristics of the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 are closely related to the strength and paper curl (curl, warp, twist, etc.) of the paper,
For example, PPC suitability (tray storage before copying small-sized cut paper in plain paper copiers, lamination and sorter properties after copying),
This is closely related to the runnability and the suitability for NIP (lamination of continuous slip paper used in non-impact printers) due to meandering and bending in high-speed printing and processing machines.
本発明方法を実施して紙シート１の繊維配向特性すな
わち繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角δ）及び配向強度
（配向指数η）を測定するには、測定すべき紙シート１
を試料台30の支持面上の磁性文鎮や粘着テープ等により
紙シート１の抄紙方向と支持面上における入射光Li及び
反射光Loの通る平面２の交差する線Ｏとが平行になるよ
うに支持せしめる。そして、紙シート１を支持せしめた
試料台30を角度調節機構により支持面上で平面２の交差
する線Ｏを中心に平面２に垂直な面に対して適当な煽り
角度αを付与せしめる。これらの作業において、煽り角
度αを付与せしめてから試料台30の支持面に紙シートを
支持せしめても良いことは言うまでもない。また煽り角
度αとしては、測定データに再現性を有する正確なデー
タを得るために40゜〜60゜であることが好ましい。In order to measure the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper sheet 1, that is, the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) and the orientation strength (orientation index η) of the paper sheet 1 by carrying out the method of the present invention, the paper sheet 1 to be measured is required.
By using a magnetic paper or an adhesive tape on the support surface of the sample table 30 so that the paper making direction of the paper sheet 1 is parallel to the line O intersecting the plane 2 on which the incident light Li and the reflected light Lo pass on the support surface. Let me support you. Then, the sample table 30 supporting the paper sheet 1 is provided with an appropriate tilt angle α with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane 2 around a line O intersecting the plane 2 on the support surface by an angle adjusting mechanism. In these operations, it is needless to say that the paper sheet may be supported on the support surface of the sample table 30 after the tilt angle α is given. The tilt angle α is preferably 40 ° to 60 ° in order to obtain accurate data having reproducibility in the measured data.
そして、投光装置14より紙シート１の紙面1aの試料台
30の照射中心点３に向けて入射光Liを照射すると共にこ
の入射光Liが紙シート１の紙面1aで反射した反射光Loを
受光装置24で受光する。入射光Li及び反射光Loは、平面
２に沿って照射され且つ反射された光であり、紙シート
１の紙面1aに対する入射角度θｉと反射角度θｏとは同
一であり、50゜〜70゜であることが測定データに再現性
を有する正確なデータを得ることができて好ましい。Then, the sample table on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 is sent from the light emitting device 14.
The incident light Li is irradiated toward the irradiation center point 30 of the light source 30 and the light receiving device 24 receives the reflected light Lo which is reflected by the incident light Li on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1. The incident light Li and the reflected light Lo are light radiated and reflected along the plane 2, and the incident angle θi and the reflection angle θo with respect to the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 are the same, and are 50 ° to 70 °. It is preferable to be able to obtain accurate data with reproducibility in the measurement data.
投光装置14より投光された光は、光源10として白熱灯
やハロゲンランプ等を用いる場合はピンホールを含むレ
ンズ系11により拡大した平行光にし、またHe−Neレーザ
ーを使用する場合はピンホールを不要としてそのまま平
行光をレンズ系11を介して拡大し、適切な投光面の大き
さに調整する。このとき、紙シート１の紙面1a上に照射
された光のスポット径があまり小さいと紙シート１の地
合いムラなどによる局部的な配向が検出されることがあ
るため、絞り12を調整して少なくともスポット径を20mm
以上にすると平均的な値を得ることができる。更に、円
形の貫通孔を有する絞り12が、試料台30の支持面に支持
された紙面1aと平行に設置されていると、紙シート１上
でのスポット光の形状を円形にすることができて煽り角
度αを付与させて且つ回転せしめられる紙シート１の紙
面1a上の同一箇所に入射光Liを試料台30の回転角度θの
大小に拘らず照射させることができる。The light emitted from the light emitting device 14 is a parallel light expanded by a lens system 11 including a pinhole when an incandescent lamp or a halogen lamp is used as the light source 10, and a pin light when a He-Ne laser is used. The parallel light is expanded through the lens system 11 without using a hole, and the size of the parallel light is adjusted to an appropriate size. At this time, if the spot diameter of the light irradiated on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 is too small, local orientation due to uneven formation of the paper sheet 1 may be detected. 20mm spot diameter
By doing so, an average value can be obtained. Further, when the stop 12 having a circular through hole is installed in parallel with the paper surface 1a supported on the support surface of the sample stage 30, the shape of the spot light on the paper sheet 1 can be made circular. The incident light Li can be irradiated to the same spot on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 which is rotated by giving the tilt angle α and rotated, regardless of the magnitude of the rotation angle θ of the sample table 30.
受光装置24では、紙シート１の紙面1aで反射した反射
光Loが受光レンズ20により集光せしめられピンホール21
を介して拡散光等の迷光を除去されて光電変換素子22で
ある光電子像倍管により反射光Loの強度Ｚが検出され
る。In the light receiving device 24, the reflected light Lo reflected on the paper surface 1 a of the paper sheet 1 is condensed by the light receiving lens 20 and
Then, the stray light such as diffused light is removed through the photoelectric conversion element 22, and the intensity Z of the reflected light Lo is detected by the photoelectron image multiplier as the photoelectric conversion element 22.
このように投光装置14から照射される入射光Liが、煽
り角αだけ傾斜せしめられている紙シート１の紙面1a上
の照射中心点３から反射されてその反射光Loが受光装置
24で受光できる状況になると、コンピュータ33の測定開
始の信号により試料台30の支持面はこの支持面に支持さ
れた紙シート１の紙面1a上のスポット光の照射中心点３
の中心を通る支持面に垂直な線（試料台30の回転中心軸
線）を中心に360度回転させる。試料台30の回転角度θ
は試料台30の駆動装置35及びロータリーエンコーダ36で
制御され、このロータリーエンコーダ36よりの回転角度
θの信号がインターフェイス34を介してコンピュータ33
に入力される。一方、受光装置24で検出された反射光Lo
の強度Ｚの信号は、直流増幅器31で増幅されA/D変換用
コンバータ32を介してデジタル化されてコンピュータ33
に入力される。このとき受光装置24で検出された反射光
Loの強度Ｚの信号は、例えば試料台30が１゜回転する毎
に10個の反射光Loの強度Ｚのデータを採りこれを平均し
て検出した試料台30の回転角度θにおける反射光Loの強
度Ｚとしてコンピュータ33で処理することが好ましい。The incident light Li emitted from the light projecting device 14 is reflected from the irradiation center point 3 on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 inclined by the tilt angle α, and the reflected light Lo is reflected by the light receiving device.
When the light can be received by the light source 24, the support surface of the sample table 30 is moved by the measurement start signal from the computer 33 to the irradiation center point 3 of the spot light on the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1 supported by this support surface.
The sample is rotated 360 degrees about a line perpendicular to the support surface passing through the center of the sample table (the center axis of rotation of the sample stage 30). Rotation angle θ of sample stage 30
Is controlled by a driving device 35 of the sample stage 30 and a rotary encoder 36, and a signal of the rotation angle θ from the rotary encoder 36 is transmitted to a computer 33 through an interface 34.
Is input to On the other hand, the reflected light Lo detected by the light receiving device 24
Is amplified by a DC amplifier 31 and digitized through an A / D conversion converter 32 to be converted to a computer 33.
Is input to At this time, the reflected light detected by the light receiving device 24
The signal of the intensity Z of Lo is obtained by, for example, taking the data of the intensity Z of ten reflected light Lo each time the sample stage 30 rotates 1 °, averaging the data, and detecting the reflected light Lo at the rotation angle θ of the sample stage 30. Is preferably processed by the computer 33 as the intensity Z.
コンピュータ33では、入力された０゜〜360゜の試料
台30の回転角度θとこの回転角度θに対応する反射光Lo
の強度Ｚとを用いて、試料台30の回転角度θ，反射光Lo
の強度Z,紙シート１の繊維配向の主配向方向（配向角
δ）及び配向強度（配向指数η）を含む繊維配向分布関
係式、例えば Ｚ（θ）＝Ｃ［１＋ηcos2（θ−δ）］ に当て嵌めて紙シート１の繊維配向の主配向方向（配向
角δ），配向強度（配向指数η）及び反射光Loの強度Ｚ
の平均値Ｃを演算する。この演算は、楕円関数，フーリ
エ級数,Von Mises関数等を用いて算出しても良い。尚、
演算した結果は周知のCRTにより表示され、プリンター
により出力することもできる。In the computer 33, the input rotation angle θ of the sample stage 30 from 0 ° to 360 ° and the reflected light Lo corresponding to the rotation angle θ
The rotation angle θ of the sample stage 30 and the reflected light Lo
, The fiber orientation distribution relational expression including the main orientation direction (orientation angle δ) of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet 1 and the orientation intensity (orientation index η), for example, Z (θ) = C [1 + ηcos2 (θ−δ)] Of the fiber orientation of paper sheet 1 (orientation angle δ), orientation intensity (orientation index η), and intensity Z of reflected light Lo
Is calculated. This calculation may be performed using an elliptic function, a Fourier series, a Von Mises function, or the like. still,
The result of the calculation is displayed on a well-known CRT, and can also be output by a printer.
〔実施例１〕 投光装置14として、光源10に出力2.0mW,口径0.63mmの
He−Neレーザー（Uniphase社製），レンズ系に倍率が50
倍のビームエキスパンダー11（清原光学（株）製），そ
して30mmφの絞り12が設置されたものを、受光装置24と
して直径30mmφの受光レンズ20（中央精機（株）製），
この受光レンズ20の焦点にピンホール21（中央精機
（株）製），光電変換素子22に光電子像倍管（浜松ホト
ニクス（株）製）が設置されたものをそれぞれ使用し、
受光装置24で検出された反射光の強度信号を直流増幅器
31（日本電機三栄（株）製）により増幅し、A/D変換用
コンバータ32（コンテック（株）製）により信号をデジ
タル化した後、コンピュータ33で繊維配向分布関係式と
して Ｚ（θ）＝Ｃ［１＋ηcos2（θ−δ）］ よりδ，ηを求めた。尚、紙シート１の紙面1aとして
は、坪量52g/m2のコート紙原紙，坪量64g/m2のコピー用
紙，坪量135g/m2の積層板原紙，坪量82g/m2の一般上質
紙のフェルト面とし、投光装置14よりの入射光Liの入射
角度θｉ及びこの入射光Liが紙面1a上で反射した反射光
Loの反射角度θｏを60゜、入射光Li及び反射光Loの通る
平面２に垂直な平面に対する試料台30の支持面の成す紙
シート１の煽り角度αを０゜〜60゜までの範囲で10゜間
隔で間欠的に変更し、各煽り角度αで繊維配向特性の測
定を行った。[Example 1] As the light emitting device 14, the light source 10 had an output of 2.0 mW and a diameter of 0.63 mm.
He-Ne laser (Uniphase), lens system with magnification of 50
A double beam expander 11 (manufactured by Kiyohara Optics Co., Ltd.) and a 30 mmφ stop 12 are installed, and a light receiving device 20 having a diameter of 30 mmφ (manufactured by Chuo Seiki Co., Ltd.)
A lens having a pinhole 21 (manufactured by Chuo Seiki Co., Ltd.) at the focal point of the light receiving lens 20 and a photomultiplier tube (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.) installed at the photoelectric conversion element 22 are used.
The intensity signal of the reflected light detected by the light receiving device 24 is converted to a DC amplifier.
31 (manufactured by Nippon Electric Sanei Co., Ltd.), digitize the signal with an A / D conversion converter 32 (manufactured by Contec Co., Ltd.), and then use a computer 33 to express the fiber orientation distribution as Z (θ) = Δ and η were determined from C [1 + ηcos2 (θ−δ)]. As the paper 1a of the paper sheet 1, the basis weight of 52 g / m 2 coated paper base paper, copy paper basis weight 64 g / m 2, a basis weight 135 g / m 2 of laminate base paper, having a basis weight of 82 g / m 2 The angle of incidence θi of the incident light Li from the light projecting device 14 and the reflected light reflected on the paper 1a
The reflection angle θo of Lo is 60 °, and the tilt angle α of the paper sheet 1 formed by the support surface of the sample stage 30 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane 2 through which the incident light Li and the reflected light Lo pass is 0 ° to 60 °. The fiber orientation characteristics were measured at intermittent angles α with intermittent changes at 10 ° intervals.
この結果、第１表に示す如く繊維配向の異なるいずれ
の紙シート１においても、煽り角度αが40゜〜60゜の範
囲において測定値は良好な再現性を示すことを確認し
た。As a result, it was confirmed that the measured values showed good reproducibility in any of the paper sheets 1 having different fiber orientations as shown in Table 1 when the tilt angle α was in the range of 40 ° to 60 °.
〔実施例２〕 実施例１において、入射光Li及び反射光Loの通る平面
２に垂直な平面に対する試料台30の支持面の成す紙シー
ト１の煽り角度αを40゜で一定とし、また入射光Liの入
射角度θｉ及び反射光Loの反射角度θｏをそれぞれ30゜
〜70゜までの範囲で10゜間隔で間欠的に変更して入射光
Liの入射角度θｉ及び反射光Loの反射角度θｏの変更し
た各角度について実施例１と同様にして繊維配向特性の
測定を行った。 Example 2 In Example 1, the tilt angle α of the paper sheet 1 formed by the support surface of the sample stage 30 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane 2 through which the incident light Li and the reflected light Lo pass is constant at 40 °, and The incident light is obtained by intermittently changing the incident angle θi of the light Li and the reflection angle θo of the reflected light Lo within a range of 30 ° to 70 ° at intervals of 10 °.
Fiber orientation characteristics were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 for each of the changed angles of the incident angle θi of Li and the reflection angle θo of the reflected light Lo.
その結果、第２表に示す如く繊維配向の異なるいずれ
の紙シート１においても、入射光Liの入射角度θｉ及び
反射光Loの反射角度θｏが60゜〜70゜の範囲において測
定値は良好な再現性を示すことを確認した。As a result, in any of the paper sheets 1 having different fiber orientations as shown in Table 2, the measured values are good when the incident angle θi of the incident light Li and the reflection angle θo of the reflected light Lo are in the range of 60 ° to 70 °. It was confirmed that reproducibility was exhibited.
〔実施例３〕 投光装置14として、光源10に12V50Wのハロゲンランプ
（NARAU社製），レンズ系11にレンズ（清原光学（株）
製）とピンホール（中央精機（株）製）と25mmφのコリ
メータレンズ（清原光学（株）製），そして20mmφの絞
り12が設置されたものを、受光装置24として有効系20mm
φの受光レンズ20（中央精機（株）製），この受光レン
ズ20の焦点にピンホール21（中央精機（株）製），光電
変換素子22に光電子像倍管（浜松ホトニクス（株）製）
が設置されたものをそれぞれ使用し、受光装置24で検出
された反射光の強度信号を直流増幅器31（日本電機三栄
（株）製）により増幅し、A/D変換用コンバータ32（コ
ンテック（株）製）により信号をデジタル化した後、コ
ンピュータ33で繊維配向分布関係式として Ｚ（θ）＝Ｃ［１＋ηcos2（θ−δ）］ よりδ，ηを求めた。尚、紙シート１の紙面1aとして
は、坪量64g/m2の上質紙の平滑性をテストカレンダー
（東洋テスター工業（株）製）を用いてロールニップ圧
を変えることにより王研式平滑度を６種類に変更した紙
のフェルト面及びワイヤー面とし、投光装置14よりの入
射光Liの入射角度θｉ及びこの入射光Liが紙面1a上で反
射した反射光Loの反射角度θｏを60゜、入射光Li及び反
射光Loの通る平面２に垂直な平面に対する試料台30の支
持面の成す紙シート１の煽り角度αを40゜に設定して繊
維配向特性の測定を行った。 [Example 3] As the light projecting device 14, a 12V50W halogen lamp (manufactured by NARAU) was used for the light source 10, and a lens (for Kiyohara Optical Co., Ltd.) was used for the lens system 11.
), A pinhole (manufactured by Chuo Seiki Co., Ltd.), a 25 mmφ collimator lens (manufactured by Kiyohara Optics Co., Ltd.), and a 20 mmφ aperture 12 installed as an effective system 20 mm as a light receiving device 24
φ light receiving lens 20 (manufactured by Chuo Seiki Co., Ltd.), the focus of this light receiving lens 20 is pinhole 21 (manufactured by Chuo Seiki Co., Ltd.), and photoelectric conversion element 22 is a photomultiplier tube (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.)
Are used, the intensity signal of the reflected light detected by the light receiving device 24 is amplified by a DC amplifier 31 (manufactured by Nippon Electric Sanei Co., Ltd.), and an A / D conversion converter 32 (Contec Co., Ltd.) )), The computer 33 calculated δ and η from the equation Z (θ) = C [1 + η cos2 (θ−δ)] as a fiber orientation distribution relational expression. For the paper surface 1a of the paper sheet 1, the smoothness of a high-quality paper having a basis weight of 64 g / m 2 was determined by changing the roll nip pressure using a test calender (manufactured by Toyo Tester Industries, Ltd.) to obtain the Oken type smoothness. The felt surface and the wire surface of the paper changed to six types, and the incident angle θi of the incident light Li from the light projecting device 14 and the reflection angle θo of the reflected light Lo that is reflected by the incident light Li on the paper surface 1a are 60 °, The orientation angle α of the paper sheet 1 formed by the support surface of the sample table 30 with respect to the plane perpendicular to the plane 2 through which the incident light Li and the reflected light Lo pass was set to 40 °, and the fiber orientation characteristics were measured.
その結果、第６図に示す如く繊維配向特性である配向
強度（配向指数η）が紙シート１の平滑度の影響を受け
ないことを確認した。As a result, it was confirmed that the orientation strength (orientation index η), which is a fiber orientation characteristic, was not affected by the smoothness of the paper sheet 1 as shown in FIG.
〔比較例１〕 実施例３と同様の紙シート１の紙面1aについて、従来
の技術で記載した如き米国特許第3,807,868号に開示さ
れている方法により前記紙面1aで反射した反射光の強度
を抄紙方向と幅方向とで測定して、繊維配向特性として
各測定方向での抄紙方向と幅方向との光強度の比（K/
P）で示した。[Comparative Example 1] With respect to the paper surface 1a of the same paper sheet 1 as in Example 3, the intensity of the light reflected on the paper surface 1a by the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,807,868 as described in the prior art was measured. Direction and width direction, and as a fiber orientation characteristic, the ratio of the light intensity between the papermaking direction and the width direction in each measurement direction (K /
P).
その結果、第10図に示す如く従来の方法による繊維配
向特性である抄紙方向と幅方向との光強度の比（K/P）
は、紙シート１の平滑度の影響を受けフェルト面及びワ
イヤー面，特にワイヤー面で平滑度の変化により変化し
ていて信頼性が無いことが判った。As a result, as shown in Fig. 10, the ratio of light intensity between the papermaking direction and the width direction (K / P), which is the fiber orientation characteristic by the conventional method,
It has been found that, because of the influence of the smoothness of the paper sheet 1, the felt surface and the wire surface, particularly the wire surface, change due to the change in the smoothness, and the reliability is not reliable.
以上に詳細に説明した如く、本発明に係る紙シートの
繊維配向特性測定方法及び装置は、紙シートの繊維配向
軸が抄紙方向から大幅にズレていても繊維配向特性を繊
維配向の主配向方向（配向角）と配向強度（配向指数）
で示すことにより繊維配向をより正確に把握できるよう
になり、また紙シートの平滑度の影響を受けること無く
繊維配向特性値を示すことができるので、平滑度の異な
る紙シートについて比較検討を行うことができ、その工
業的価値の非常に大きなものである。As described in detail above, the method and the apparatus for measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper sheet according to the present invention are capable of changing the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper sheet even if the fiber orientation axis of the paper sheet is largely deviated from the papermaking direction. (Orientation angle) and orientation intensity (orientation index)
The fiber orientation can be grasped more accurately by showing in, and the fiber orientation characteristic value can be shown without being affected by the smoothness of the paper sheet. Can be of great value for its industrial value.
第１図は本発明方法を簡単に説明するための説明用斜視
図、第２図は側面図、第３図は本発明装置の１実施例の
構成を簡単に示す説明用正面図、第４図はその入射光部
の左側面図、第５図はその反射光部の右側面図、第６図
は本発明方法によって測定された配向指数ηと王研式平
滑度で表わした平滑度との関係を示す図、第７図は従来
の装置を簡単に示す平面説明図、第８図は同Ａ−Ａ線断
面図、第９図は従来の方法によって測定される繊維配向
特性値を示す説明図、第10図は従来の方法によって測定
された繊維配向特性K/Pの値と王研式平滑度で表した平
滑度との関係を示す図である。 〔符号の説明〕 １……紙シート 1a……紙面 ２……平面 ３……照射中心点 10……光源 11……レンズ系 12……絞り 14……投光装置 20……受光レンズ 21……ピンホール 22……光電変換素子 24……受光装置 30……試料台 31……直流増幅器 32……A/D変換用コンバータ 33……コンピュータ 34……インターフェイス 35……駆動装置 36……ロータリーエンコーダ 40……従来方法における光源 41……水平面 Ｏ……紙面と平面とが交差する線 Ｘ……紙面と平面とが交差する線と直交し照射中心点を
通る直線 α……煽り角度 θｉ……入射角度 θｏ……反射角度 Li……入射光 Lo……反射光 β……従来方法における反射光の測定角度 IL……従来方法における偏光光束 K,P……測定方法についての反射光の強度 γ……抄紙方向に対する繊維配向角のズレ角度 Ｋ′,P′……真の繊維配向特性を表わす反射光の強度FIG. 1 is a perspective view for explaining the method of the present invention simply, FIG. 2 is a side view, FIG. 3 is a front view for explaining the structure of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. FIG. 5 is a left side view of the incident light portion, FIG. 5 is a right side view of the reflected light portion, and FIG. 6 is an orientation index η measured by the method of the present invention and the smoothness expressed by Oken type smoothness. FIG. 7 is a plan view schematically showing a conventional apparatus, FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 shows fiber orientation characteristic values measured by a conventional method. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of the fiber orientation characteristic K / P measured by a conventional method and the smoothness expressed by Oken type smoothness. [Explanation of Symbols] 1 ... paper sheet 1a ... paper surface 2 ... plane 3 ... irradiation center point 10 ... light source 11 ... lens system 12 ... aperture 14 ... projector 20 ... receiver lens 21 ... … Pin hole 22 …… Photoelectric conversion element 24 …… Light receiving device 30 …… Sample stage 31 …… DC amplifier 32 …… A / D conversion converter 33 …… Computer 34 …… Interface 35 …… Drive device 36 …… Rotary Encoder 40 Light source 41 in the conventional method Horizontal plane O Line crossing the paper plane and plane X Linear crossing the line crossing the paper plane and the plane and passing through the center point of illumination α. … Incident angle θo… Reflection angle Li… Incident light Lo… Reflected light β… Measured angle of reflected light in the conventional method IL… Polarized light flux K, P in the conventional method K, P… Intensity of reflected light in the measurement method γ: misalignment angle of fiber orientation angle with respect to papermaking direction K ', P' ... Intensity of the reflected light representing the fiber orientation characteristics
Claims (4)
対して所定の入射角度（θｉ）で投光装置（14）より該
紙面（1a）に向けて入射光（Li）を照射し該紙面（1a）
より該入射角度（θｉ）と同じ角度の正反射角度（θ
ｏ）で反射する反射光（Lo）を受光装置（24）で受光さ
せるに際し、該入射光（Li）と該反射光（Lo）とが通過
する平面（２）と該紙面（1a）との交線（Ｏ）を中心軸
として紙面（1a）を煽り角度（α）だけ傾斜させ且つ該
入射光（Li）の該紙面（1a）への照射中心点（３）を通
り該紙面（1a）に垂直な線を回転中心軸線として該紙シ
ート（１）を回転させ、紙シート（１）の回転角度
（θ）とその回転角度（θ）における前記受光装置（2
4）で受光した反射光（Lo）の強度（Ｚ）とを回転角度
（θ），反射光（Lo）の硬度（Ｚ），紙シート（１）の
繊維配向の主配向方向〔配向角（δ）〕及び配向強度
〔配向指数（η）〕を含む繊維配向分布関係式に当て嵌
めて繊維配向の主配向方向〔配向角（δ）〕及び配向強
度〔配向指数（η）〕を算出することを特徴とする紙シ
ートの繊維配向特性測定方法。An incident light (Li) is directed from a light projecting device (14) toward a paper surface (1a) at a predetermined incident angle (θi) with respect to the paper surface (1a) of a paper sheet (1) to be measured. Irradiate the paper (1a)
The specular reflection angle (θ is the same angle as the incident angle (θi)
o) When the reflected light (Lo) reflected by the light receiving device (24) is received by the light receiving device (24), the plane (2) through which the incident light (Li) and the reflected light (Lo) pass and the paper surface (1a) The paper surface (1a) is tilted by a tilt angle (α) about the intersection line (O) as a central axis, and the incident light (Li) passes through the center point (3) of irradiation of the paper surface (1a) with the paper surface (1a). The paper sheet (1) is rotated with a line perpendicular to the rotation center axis as the rotation angle (θ) of the paper sheet (1) and the light receiving device (2) at the rotation angle (θ).
The rotation angle (θ), the hardness (Z) of the reflected light (Lo), the main orientation direction of the fiber orientation of the paper sheet (1) [the orientation angle ( δ)] and the orientation strength [orientation index (η)] are applied to the fiber orientation distribution relational expression to calculate the main orientation direction [orientation angle (δ)] and the orientation intensity [orientation index (η)] of the fiber orientation. A method for measuring fiber orientation characteristics of a paper sheet.
１に記載の紙シートの繊維配向特性測定方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tilt angle (α) is 40 ° to 60 °.
（Lo）の正反射角度（θｏ）とを50゜〜70゜とする請求
項１又は２に記載の紙シートの繊維配向特性測定方法。3. The fiber of the paper sheet according to claim 1, wherein the incident angle (θi) of the incident light (Li) and the regular reflection angle (θo) of the reflected light (Lo) are 50 ° to 70 °. Orientation characteristics measurement method.
フラットな支持面を有する試料台（30）が駆動装置（3
5）によって該支持面に垂直な回転中心軸線を中心に回
転自在に設けられていると共に該試料台（30）の回転角
度（θ）を検出するロータリーエンコーダ（36）が設け
られており、光源（10），レンズ系（11）及び絞り（1
2）を備えた投光装置（14）と受光レンズ（20），迷光
除去用ピンホール（21）及び光電変換素子（22）を備え
た受光装置（24）とがそれぞれ前記試料台（30）を支持
面に対して所定の煽り角度（α）を有する平面（２）上
に投光装置（14）よりの入射光（Li）及び受光装置（2
4）で受ける反射光（Lo）を前記試料台（30）の支持面
の回転中心軸線上に位置する照射中心点（３）に向けて
平面（２）上にあり、且つその平面（２）と支持面との
交差する線（Ｏ）と直交する照射中心点（３）を通る直
線（Ｘ）に対する前記入射光（Li）の成す角度（θｉ）
と反射光（Lo）の成す角度（θｏ）とが同じ角度になる
位置に設置されており、前記受光装置（24）で受光した
反射光（Lo）の強度（Ｚ）に対応する光強度信号が受光
装置（24）に光電変換素子（22）よりの光強度信号を増
幅するための直流増幅器（31）に接続されたA/D変換用
コンバータ（32）を介してデジタル信号に変換されて入
力され且つロータリーエンコーダ（36）より前記試料台
（30）の回転角度（θ）の回転角度信号がインターフェ
ース（34）を介して入力されてそれぞれ記憶され更に前
記試料台（30）の回転角度（θ），反射光（Lo）の強度
（Ｚ），紙シート（１）の繊維配向角（δ）及び配向指
数（η）を含む繊維配向分布関係式に前記記憶した回転
角度（θ）と反射光（Lo）の強度（Ｚ）とを当て嵌めて
繊維配向の主配向方向〔配向角（δ）〕及び配向強度
〔配向指数（η）〕を算出するコンピュータ（33）が設
けられていることを特徴とする紙シートの繊維配向特性
測定装置。4. A sample stage (30) having a flat support surface for supporting a paper sheet (1) to be measured is provided with a driving device (3).
5) a rotary encoder (36) that is rotatable about a rotation center axis perpendicular to the support surface and detects a rotation angle (θ) of the sample stage (30); (10), lens system (11) and aperture (1
The light-emitting device (14) equipped with 2) and the light-receiving device (24) equipped with the light-receiving lens (20), the pinhole (21) for removing stray light, and the photoelectric conversion element (22) are each the sample stage (30). The incident light (Li) from the light emitting device (14) and the light receiving device (2) are placed on a plane (2) having a predetermined tilt angle (α) with respect to the support surface.
The reflected light (Lo) received in 4) is on the plane (2) toward the irradiation center point (3) located on the rotation center axis of the support surface of the sample stage (30), and the plane (2) (Θi) formed by the incident light (Li) with respect to a straight line (X) passing through an irradiation center point (3) orthogonal to a line (O) intersecting the object and the support surface.
And a light intensity signal corresponding to the intensity (Z) of the reflected light (Lo) received by the light receiving device (24). Is converted to a digital signal via an A / D converter (32) connected to a DC amplifier (31) for amplifying a light intensity signal from a photoelectric conversion element (22) to a light receiving device (24). A rotation angle signal of the rotation angle (θ) of the sample stage (30) is input through the interface (34) and stored by the rotary encoder (36), and the rotation angle signal of the sample stage (30) is further stored. θ), the intensity (Z) of reflected light (Lo), the fiber orientation distribution relation expression including the fiber orientation angle (δ) and orientation index (η) of the paper sheet (1), and the rotation angle (θ) and the reflection stored above. By applying the intensity (Z) of light (Lo) to the main orientation direction of fiber orientation [orientation angle (δ )] And a computer (33) for calculating the orientation strength [orientation index (η)].
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23049390A JP2886299B2 (en) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Method and apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23049390A JP2886299B2 (en) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Method and apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper sheet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04113205A JPH04113205A (en) | 1992-04-14 |
| JP2886299B2 true JP2886299B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 |
Family
ID=16908636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23049390A Expired - Fee Related JP2886299B2 (en) | 1990-09-03 | 1990-09-03 | Method and apparatus for measuring fiber orientation of paper sheet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2886299B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2720370B2 (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1998-03-04 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
| JP2704704B2 (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1998-01-26 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Method for measuring fiber orientation on paper surface |
| JP2878232B2 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-04-05 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
| JP5982337B2 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2016-08-31 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | Image forming apparatus |
-
1990
- 1990-09-03 JP JP23049390A patent/JP2886299B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04113205A (en) | 1992-04-14 |
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