JP2879598B2 - Cured body preparation method - Google Patents
Cured body preparation methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2879598B2 JP2879598B2 JP18691990A JP18691990A JP2879598B2 JP 2879598 B2 JP2879598 B2 JP 2879598B2 JP 18691990 A JP18691990 A JP 18691990A JP 18691990 A JP18691990 A JP 18691990A JP 2879598 B2 JP2879598 B2 JP 2879598B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- rod
- solidified material
- rod mechanism
- injection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、高圧噴射（注入）によって地盤中に硬化体
を形成する硬化体造成方法に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for forming a cured body in a ground by high-pressure injection (injection).
［従来の技術］ 地盤中に硬化体を形成するときに使用される装置とし
て、従来、特公昭62−18690号公報によって開示されて
いる掘削装置が知られている。[Prior Art] An excavator disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-18690 is conventionally known as an apparatus used when a hardened body is formed in the ground.
この掘削装置は第11図に示す如く上下方向に移動自在
に構成された棒状のロッド101と、ロッド101を回転させ
る回転駆動部102と、ロッド101の下端に設けられ、側方
に掘削水195を噴射する噴射ノズル103とを備えており、
ロッド101を所定の速度で引き抜くとともに、回転駆動
部102によってロッド101を回転させながら噴射ノズル10
3から掘削水105を噴射させて周囲地盤を掘削する。As shown in FIG. 11, this excavator is provided with a rod-shaped rod 101 configured to be vertically movable, a rotation drive unit 102 for rotating the rod 101, and a drilling water 195 provided at the lower end of the rod 101. And an injection nozzle 103 for injecting
The rod 101 is withdrawn at a predetermined speed, and the injection nozzle 10 is rotated while rotating the rod 101 by the rotation drive unit 102.
Drilling water 105 is injected from 3 to excavate the surrounding ground.
そして、このような掘削装置を用いて地盤中に硬化体
を形成する場合、噴射ノズル103から固化材等を噴射さ
せて周囲地盤を掘削しながら地盤中に固化材等を注入す
る。When a hardened body is formed in the ground using such an excavator, the solidified material or the like is injected into the ground while the surrounding ground is excavated by injecting the solidified material or the like from the injection nozzle 103.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ しかしながら、固化材等の噴射のみによる掘削作業で
は、ロッド101の周囲地盤を所望の距離まで掘削するの
に時間がかかり過ぎてしまうため、自ずと工期が長期化
し、迅速施工を要求されるときに採用できないという問
題があった。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the excavation work only by injection of the solidified material or the like, since it takes too much time to excavate the ground around the rod 101 to a desired distance, the construction period naturally becomes longer, There was a problem that it could not be adopted when quick construction was required.
本発明は上記の事情に鑑み、造成工期を大幅に短縮す
ることができ、迅速施工に優れた硬化体造成方法を提供
することを目的としている。The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a hardened body that can significantly shorten a period for forming and is excellent in quick construction.
［課題を解決するための手段］ 上記の目的を達成するため本発明は、ロッド機構を地
盤に貫入するとともに、所定の流体を噴射して地盤中に
硬化体を形成する硬化体造成方法において、前記ロッド
機構は下端側部に設けれた補助翼と、前記補助翼の少し
上側に設けられた高圧噴射部とを有し、地盤に貫入され
るとき前記補助翼を回転して地盤をほぐしながら、前記
高圧噴射部から所定の流体を噴射して周囲地盤の掘削お
よび流体の注入を行なって地盤中に硬化体を形成するこ
とを特徴としている。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forming a cured body in which a rod mechanism is penetrated into the ground and a predetermined fluid is ejected to form a cured body in the ground. The rod mechanism has an auxiliary wing provided on a lower end side portion, and a high-pressure injection unit provided slightly above the auxiliary wing, and rotates the auxiliary wing to loosen the ground when penetrating into the ground. In addition, a predetermined fluid is injected from the high-pressure injection unit to excavate the surrounding ground and inject the fluid to form a hardened body in the ground.
［作用］ 上記の硬化体造成方法によれば、ロッド機構を地盤に
貫入するとき先ず下端側に位置する補助翼の回転により
周囲地盤がほぐされることとなり、しかもほぐされたと
ころに補助翼の上側に位置する高圧噴射部から所定の流
体（固化材、あるいは固化材に他の溶剤等を含む流体）
を噴射して硬化材を造成することを要旨としている。[Operation] According to the above-mentioned method for forming a hardened body, when the rod mechanism penetrates into the ground, the surrounding ground is first loosened by the rotation of the auxiliary wing located at the lower end side, and the upper side of the auxiliary wing is located where the loosened. A predetermined fluid (solidified material or fluid containing other solvent in the solidified material) from the high-pressure injection unit located at
The gist is to form a hardened material by spraying.
したがって、噴射流体は補助翼により予めほぐされた
周囲地盤を中心として吐き出されていくので、掘削およ
び注入効率が良好に得られる。Therefore, the jet fluid is discharged around the surrounding ground previously loosened by the auxiliary wings, so that excavation and injection efficiency can be obtained well.
［実施例］ 第１図は、本発明の第１実施例で用いられる硬化体造
成装置の一例を示す正面図である。Embodiment FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of a cured body forming apparatus used in a first embodiment of the present invention.
同図の硬化体造成装置は、固化材供給装置１と、上下
駆動機構２と、ロッド機構３と、回転駆動機構４とで概
略構成され、ロッド機構３から固化材（または、薬材な
ど）５を一定方向に噴射するとともに、ロッド機構３の
下端部に設けられた補助翼17を回転しつつロッド機構３
の下端部を所定の速度で地盤に貫入させることにより、
周囲地盤の掘削および固化材５の注入を行なって地盤内
に一字形、または十字形の硬化体を造成する。The hardened body forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is schematically composed of a solidified material supply device 1, a vertical drive mechanism 2, a rod mechanism 3, and a rotary drive mechanism 4, and a solidified material (or a chemical material, etc.) from the rod mechanism 3. 5 in a certain direction, and rotating the auxiliary wing 17 provided at the lower end of the rod mechanism 3 while rotating the rod mechanism 3.
By penetrating the lower end of the ground at a predetermined speed,
Excavation of the surrounding ground and injection of the solidified material 5 are performed to form a one-shaped or cross-shaped hardened body in the ground.
固化材供給装置１は、固化材５を貯蔵するタンク６
と、固化材５を汲み出すポンプ７と、ポンプ７によって
汲み出された固化材５をロッド機構３に導くホース８等
とを備え、ポンプ７の作動により固化材５をホース８を
通じてロッド機構３に供給するものである。The solidified material supply device 1 includes a tank 6 for storing the solidified material 5.
A pump 7 for pumping the solidified material 5, a hose 8 for guiding the solidified material 5 pumped by the pump 7 to the rod mechanism 3, and the like. Is to be supplied to
ロッド機構３は、第２図に示す如く円筒状の外ロッド
13と、第３図に示す如く外ロッド13の下端外囲部に設け
られる２ないし４個の噴射ノズル14と、外ロッド13内に
設けられて供給される固化材５を各噴射ノズル14に導く
パイプ15と、外ロッド13に回転自在に挿通される棒状内
ロッド16と、内ロッド16の下端外周部に形成される補助
翼17と、必要に応じて内ロッド16の下端面に設けられる
噴射ノズル18とを備えている。The rod mechanism 3 is a cylindrical outer rod as shown in FIG.
13, two or four injection nozzles 14 provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the outer rod 13 as shown in FIG. 3, and the solidified material 5 provided and supplied in the outer rod 13 is supplied to each injection nozzle 14. A guide pipe 15, a rod-shaped inner rod 16 rotatably inserted into the outer rod 13, an auxiliary wing 17 formed on the outer periphery of the lower end of the inner rod 16, and provided on the lower end surface of the inner rod 16 as necessary. An injection nozzle 18 is provided.
回転駆動機構４は、外ロッド13の上端部側に上下動自
在に固定されており、固定側となる外ロッド13に対して
内ロッド16および補助翼17を回転するものである。The rotation drive mechanism 4 is fixed to the upper end side of the outer rod 13 so as to be vertically movable, and rotates the inner rod 16 and the auxiliary wing 17 with respect to the fixed outer rod 13.
また、上下駆動機構２は、ロッド機構３の外ロッド13
を上下方向に移動させるもので、この移動によりロッド
機構３と一体化された回転駆動機構４も上下動される。The vertical drive mechanism 2 is connected to the outer rod 13 of the rod mechanism 3.
Is moved in the up-down direction, and this movement also causes the rotation drive mechanism 4 integrated with the rod mechanism 3 to move up and down.
次に、第４図（ａ）〜第４図（ｃ）を参照しながらこ
の実施例の硬化体造成方法を説明する。Next, a method for forming a cured product of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c).
まず、ロッド機構３を地盤に貫入する際には、第４図
（ａ）に示す如く外ロッド13の各噴射ノズル14の２つ、
または４つから固化材５を噴射するとともに、回転駆動
機構４により内ロッド16を回転しつつ上下駆動機構２に
よって所定の速度でロッド機構３を地盤中に押し込む。
なお、貫入困難なときなどには、固化材供給装置１から
供給される固化材５を噴射ノズル18からも噴射させつつ
貫入操作することがある。First, when the rod mechanism 3 penetrates into the ground, two of the injection nozzles 14 of the outer rod 13 as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, while the solidifying material 5 is injected from the four, the rod mechanism 3 is pushed into the ground at a predetermined speed by the vertical drive mechanism 2 while rotating the inner rod 16 by the rotary drive mechanism 4.
When it is difficult to penetrate, for example, the penetration operation may be performed while ejecting the solidified material 5 supplied from the solidified material supply device 1 also from the injection nozzle 18.
この後、第４図（ｂ）に示す如くロッド機構３の下端
部が所定の深さまで押し込まれたとき、ロッド機構３か
らの固化材噴射を停止させる。Thereafter, when the lower end of the rod mechanism 3 is pushed to a predetermined depth as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the injection of the solidified material from the rod mechanism 3 is stopped.
次いで、第４図（ｃ）に示す如く回転駆動機構４およ
び上下駆動機構２等を作動して、内ロッド16を回転させ
ながらロッド機構３を所定の速度でこれを引き抜く。こ
の場合、貫入時のみでは、地盤が硬いなどにより所定杭
造成確保が困難なときに、引き抜き過程においても各噴
射ノズル14の２つ、または４つから固化材５を噴射造成
するようにしてもよい。Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the rotation drive mechanism 4 and the vertical drive mechanism 2 are operated to pull out the rod mechanism 3 at a predetermined speed while rotating the inner rod 16. In this case, when it is difficult to secure the formation of a predetermined pile due to the hard ground or the like only at the time of intrusion, the solidified material 5 may be formed by injection from two or four of the injection nozzles 14 in the drawing process. Good.
これによって、２つの噴射ノズル14から固化材５を噴
射させたときには、第５図に示す如く地盤に補助翼17に
対応した直径の円柱状硬化体20と、噴射ノズル14から噴
射された固化材５の到達距離に応じた壁状の硬化体21と
からなる一字形硬化体22が造成される。Thereby, when the solidified material 5 is jetted from the two injection nozzles 14, as shown in FIG. 5, the solidified material 20 having a diameter corresponding to the auxiliary wings 17 and the solidified material injected from the jet nozzle 14 Thus, a one-sided hardened body 22 composed of a wall-shaped hardened body 21 corresponding to the reaching distance of 5 is formed.
また、４つの噴射ノズル14から固化材５を噴射させた
ときには、第６図に示す如く地盤に貫入補助翼17に対応
した直径の円柱状硬化体23と、噴射ノズル14から噴射さ
れた固化材の到達距離に応じた直交する２つの壁状硬化
体24とからなる十字形硬化体25が造成される。When the solidified material 5 is injected from the four injection nozzles 14, as shown in FIG. 6, a columnar hardened body 23 having a diameter corresponding to the auxiliary wing 17 penetrated into the ground, and the solidified material injected from the injection nozzle 14. A cross-shaped cured body 25 composed of two wall-shaped cured bodies 24 that are orthogonal to each other according to the reaching distance is formed.
つまり、この実施例においては、ロッド機構３の下端
部を地盤に貫入しつつ、内ロッド16の補助翼17を回転さ
せて地盤をほぐしながら、このほぐされたところに各噴
射ノズル14から固化材５を吐き出して一字形形硬化体22
や十字形硬化体25を形成する。また、一字形形硬化体22
や十字形硬化体25を単位として順次に造成施工を繰り返
すことにより第５図，第６図に示すような格子状の硬化
体26、27が造成される。In other words, in this embodiment, while the lower end of the rod mechanism 3 penetrates into the ground, the auxiliary wings 17 of the inner rod 16 are rotated to loosen the ground. 5 spit out, one-sided cured body 22
And a cross-shaped cured body 25 are formed. In addition, the one-sided cured body 22
5 and 6, the lattice-shaped cured bodies 26 and 27 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are formed.
このような造成方法では、補助翼17の回転により地盤
をほぐしながら、外ロッド13の各噴射ノズル14から一定
方向に固化材５を噴射しているので、ロッド機構３を地
盤に貫入するときの抵抗（貫入抵抗）を小さくできるこ
と、噴射される固化材５により周囲地盤の掘削を効率よ
く行え、同様に固化材５をより遠くまで飛ばすことが可
能となる。これにより、ロッド機構３の貫入速度を高め
て格子状の硬化体26、27を造成するのに必要な工期を大
幅に短縮でき、施工コスト的にも優れたものとなる。In such a construction method, the solidification material 5 is jetted in a fixed direction from each injection nozzle 14 of the outer rod 13 while loosening the ground by the rotation of the auxiliary wings 17, so that the rod mechanism 3 when penetrating the ground can be used. The resistance (penetration resistance) can be reduced, the excavated solidified material 5 can be used to efficiently excavate the surrounding ground, and similarly, the solidified material 5 can be made to fly farther. Thereby, the penetration period of the rod mechanism 3 can be increased and the construction period required for forming the lattice-like cured bodies 26 and 27 can be greatly reduced, and the construction cost is also excellent.
第７図から第９図は、本発明の第２実施例で用いられ
る硬化体造成装置の一例を示す図である。7 to 9 are views showing an example of a cured body forming apparatus used in the second embodiment of the present invention.
なお、この図において、第１図の各部と対応する部分
には同じ符号が付してある。In this figure, parts corresponding to the respective parts in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
同図に示す硬化体造成装置が第１図に示す装置と異な
る点は、固化材供給装置１部分に水９を貯蔵するタンク
10と、空気等の流体30を貯蔵するタンク31とを付設した
ことである。The difference between the apparatus for producing a cured product shown in FIG. 1 and the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is that a tank for storing water 9 in the solidified material supply unit 1 is provided.
10 and a tank 31 for storing a fluid 30 such as air.
タンク10は水９を汲み出すポンプ11およびロッド機構
３に導くホース12等とを備え、またタンク31は流体30を
汲み出すポンプ32およびロッド機構３に導くホース33と
を備えている。The tank 10 includes a pump 11 for drawing out the water 9 and a hose 12 for leading to the rod mechanism 3, and the tank 31 includes a pump 32 for drawing out the fluid 30 and a hose 33 for leading to the rod mechanism 3.
そして、第８図および第９図に示す如く各噴射ノズル
14の少し下に流体噴射ノズル34が各々設けられ、噴射ノ
ズル14から固化材５を噴射するとき、噴射ノズル34から
水９あるいは空気等の流体30を高圧で吐き出す構成とな
っている。Then, as shown in FIG. 8 and FIG.
Fluid injection nozzles 34 are respectively provided slightly below the nozzles 14, and when the solidified material 5 is injected from the injection nozzles 14, a fluid 30 such as water 9 or air is discharged from the injection nozzles 34 at a high pressure.
したがって、第10図に示す如くロッド機構３を貫入す
る過程で硬化体22、25を造成するとき、補助翼17を回転
させて地盤をほぐしつつ、噴射ノズル34から水９あるい
は空気等の流体30を噴射させて周囲地盤中の一部に空洞
を作り、この空洞を通じて噴射ノズル14から固化材５を
噴射させることが可能となって、固化材５は空洞部を通
じてより遠くまで飛び易くなり、ロッド機構３の貫入速
度を早くしても所定部分まで到達させることができる。Therefore, when forming the hardened bodies 22 and 25 in the process of penetrating the rod mechanism 3 as shown in FIG. 10, while rotating the auxiliary wings 17 to loosen the ground, a fluid 30 such as water 9 or air is injected from the injection nozzle 34. To form a cavity in a part of the surrounding ground, and through this cavity, it is possible to inject the solidified material 5 from the injection nozzle 14, so that the solidified material 5 can fly more easily through the hollow portion, Even if the penetration speed of the mechanism 3 is increased, it is possible to reach a predetermined portion.
このように、この実施例においては、上述した実施例
よりも地盤中にあって固化材５をより遠くまで飛ばすこ
とができ、ロッド機構３の貫入速度を早くして工期の短
縮化をより図ることができる。As described above, in this embodiment, the solidified material 5 can be scattered farther in the ground than in the above-described embodiment, and the penetration speed of the rod mechanism 3 is increased to shorten the construction period. be able to.
［発明の効果］ 以上説明したように、本発明の硬化体造成方法にあっ
ては、噴射される流体が補助翼により予めほぐされた周
囲地盤を中心として吐き出されるようにしたので、高圧
噴射流体による掘削および注入効率が良好に得られる結
果、造成工期を大幅に短縮することができ、迅速施工に
対応できる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the method of forming a hardened body according to the present invention, the fluid to be ejected is discharged around the surrounding ground previously loosened by the auxiliary wings. As a result, excavation and pouring efficiency can be obtained satisfactorily, so that the construction period can be significantly reduced, and rapid construction can be performed.
第１図は本発明の第１実施例で用いる硬化体造成装置を
示す正面図、第２図は同図のロッド機構下端部分を示す
一部裁断正面図、第３図は同図のロッド機構下端部分を
示す底面図、第４図（ａ）から（ｃ）は各々同図の造成
装置を用いて硬化体を造成するときの模式図、第５図は
造成される硬化体の一例を示す模式図、第６図は造成さ
れる硬化体の他の一例を示す模式図、第７図は本発明の
第２実施例で用いる硬化体造成装置を示す正面図、第８
図は同図のロッド機構下端部分を示す一部裁断正面図、
第９図は同図のロッド機構下端部分を示す底面図、第10
図は同造成装置を用いて硬化体を造成するときの模式
図、第11図は従来から知られている掘削装置の一例を示
す正面図である。 ３……ロッド機構 ５……固化材 14……高圧噴射部（噴射ノズル） 17……補助翼 22……一字形硬化体 25……十字形硬化体FIG. 1 is a front view showing a cured body forming apparatus used in a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partially cut front view showing a lower end portion of a rod mechanism in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a rod mechanism in FIG. 4 (a) to 4 (c) are schematic views when forming a cured body using the forming apparatus shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 shows an example of a cured body to be formed. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing another example of a cured body to be formed, FIG. 7 is a front view showing a cured body forming apparatus used in a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a partially cut front view showing the lower end of the rod mechanism in the figure,
FIG. 9 is a bottom view showing the lower end of the rod mechanism in FIG.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram when a hardened body is formed using the forming device, and FIG. 11 is a front view illustrating an example of a conventionally known excavating device. 3 ... Rod mechanism 5 ... Solidified material 14 ... High-pressure injection part (injection nozzle) 17 ... Auxiliary wing 22 ... Single-shaped hardened body 25 ... Cross-shaped hardened body
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 前田 忠良 東京都台東区台東１丁目２番１号 フド ウ技研株式会社内 (72)発明者 大塚 誠 東京都台東区台東１丁目２番１号 フド ウ技研株式会社内 (72)発明者 松沢 諭 東京都台東区台東１丁目２番１号 フド ウ技研株式会社内 (72)発明者 磯谷 修二 茨城県猿島郡総和町北利根８番地 フド ウ技研株式会社東京機械センター内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭58−204215（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭51−79915（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−264213（ＪＰ，Ａ) 実開 昭60−70637（ＪＰ，Ｕ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) E02D 3/12 102 E02D 5/44 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tadayoshi Maeda 1-2-1, Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Fudo Giken Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Makoto Otsuka 1-1-2, Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Fudo Within U Giken Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Satoshi Matsuzawa 1-2-1, Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo Inside Fudo Giken Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shuji Isoya 8 Kitatone, Sowa-cho, Sarushima-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture Inside the Tokyo Machine Center (56) References JP-A-58-204215 (JP, A) JP-A-51-79915 (JP, A) JP-A-62-264213 (JP, A) Jpn. , U) (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) E02D 3/12 102 E02D 5/44
Claims (1)
定の流体を噴射して地盤中に硬化体を形成する硬化体造
成方法において、前記ロッド機構は下端側部に設けれた
補助翼と、前記補助翼の少し上側に設けられた高圧噴射
部とを有し、地盤に貫入されるとき前記補助翼を回転し
て地盤をほぐしながら、前記高圧噴射部から所定の流体
を噴射して周囲地盤の掘削および流体の注入を行なって
地盤中に硬化体を形成することを特徴とする硬化体造成
方法。1. A method of forming a hardened body by injecting a rod mechanism into a ground and injecting a predetermined fluid to form a hardened body in the ground, wherein the rod mechanism includes an auxiliary wing provided on a lower end side portion; A high-pressure injection unit provided slightly above the auxiliary wing, and, when penetrating into the ground, rotating the auxiliary wing to loosen the ground while injecting a predetermined fluid from the high-pressure injection unit to the surrounding ground. And forming a hardened body in the ground by excavating and injecting a fluid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18691990A JP2879598B2 (en) | 1990-07-14 | 1990-07-14 | Cured body preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18691990A JP2879598B2 (en) | 1990-07-14 | 1990-07-14 | Cured body preparation method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0473316A JPH0473316A (en) | 1992-03-09 |
| JP2879598B2 true JP2879598B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 |
Family
ID=16196996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18691990A Expired - Fee Related JP2879598B2 (en) | 1990-07-14 | 1990-07-14 | Cured body preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2879598B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021046705A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | 株式会社竹中土木 | Ground improvement structure |
-
1990
- 1990-07-14 JP JP18691990A patent/JP2879598B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0473316A (en) | 1992-03-09 |
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