JP2865394B2 - Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries - Google Patents

Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries

Info

Publication number
JP2865394B2
JP2865394B2 JP2211021A JP21102190A JP2865394B2 JP 2865394 B2 JP2865394 B2 JP 2865394B2 JP 2211021 A JP2211021 A JP 2211021A JP 21102190 A JP21102190 A JP 21102190A JP 2865394 B2 JP2865394 B2 JP 2865394B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cadmium
cathode
battery
indium
alkaline storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2211021A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0494057A (en
Inventor
彰 菅野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Denki Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Denki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Denki Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Denki Co Ltd
Priority to JP2211021A priority Critical patent/JP2865394B2/en
Publication of JPH0494057A publication Critical patent/JPH0494057A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2865394B2 publication Critical patent/JP2865394B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明は、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池などに用いる
焼結式カドミウム陰極に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a sintered cadmium cathode used for nickel-cadmium storage batteries and the like.

(ロ)従来の技術 従来、陽極にニッケル極板、陰極にカドミウム極板を
用いるニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池の如きアルカリ蓄電
池は、優れた充放電性能、長寿命等の高い信頼性を有
し、各種ポータブル機器等の電源として広く使用されて
いる。現在このニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池に対して、
急速充電性能の向上が望まれており、その要望にこたえ
るべく開発が進められている。
(B) Conventional technology Conventionally, alkaline storage batteries, such as nickel-cadmium storage batteries using a nickel electrode plate for the anode and a cadmium electrode plate for the cathode, have high reliability such as excellent charge / discharge performance and long life, and are portable. It is widely used as a power source for equipment and the like. Currently, for this nickel-cadmium storage battery,
Improvement in quick charging performance is desired, and development is underway to meet the demand.

ところで、ニッケル−カドミウム蓄電池には、特に長
期間保存後、急速充電を行うと、急激に電圧が上昇し、
充電されにくいという問題点がある。つまり、短時間で
陰極が水素を発生する電位に到達し、充電し続けると水
素ガスが発生し、それ以上充電されなくなる。又、続け
て充電すると発生する水素ガスにより電池内圧が上昇
し、安全弁の作動と漏液の問題を生じる。
By the way, when a nickel-cadmium storage battery is charged rapidly, especially after long-term storage, the voltage rises sharply,
There is a problem that it is difficult to be charged. In other words, the cathode reaches the potential for generating hydrogen in a short time, and if charging is continued, hydrogen gas is generated and no more charging is performed. Further, the internal pressure of the battery rises due to hydrogen gas generated when the battery is continuously charged, which causes a problem of the operation of the safety valve and leakage of liquid.

長期間放置した時に、上記のような現象が起きる原因
として、陰極活物質粒子の粗大化による反応面積の低下
によりカドミウム陰極が不活性化することが考えられ
る。
One possible cause of the above phenomenon when left for a long period of time is that the cadmium cathode is inactivated due to a decrease in the reaction area due to the coarsening of the cathode active material particles.

このような陰極活物質の不活性化を防止するために、
特開昭63-136466号公報、特開昭63-138655号公報では、
多孔性ニッケル焼結基板にアルカリ土類金属塩を含浸
し、次いで、アルカリ水溶液中で中和してアルカリ土類
金属の水酸化物として添加する方法が提案されている。
In order to prevent such inactivation of the cathode active material,
In JP-A-63-136466 and JP-A-63-138655,
A method has been proposed in which a porous nickel sintered substrate is impregnated with an alkaline earth metal salt, then neutralized in an aqueous alkaline solution and added as a hydroxide of the alkaline earth metal.

しかしながら、アルカリ土類金属化合物としての酸化
カルシウムあるいは水酸化カルシウムは、その添加効果
以上に陰極に対する悪影響が著しく、 放置期間の短い電池でさえも、通常の充電で容易に陰
極板から水素ガスを発生し、電池内圧が上昇する欠点が
ある。又、酸化マグネシウムあるいは水酸化マグネシウ
ムは、カルシウムと比較して水素ガス発生という悪影響
はほとんど見られないが、活物質の不活性化防止には、
酸化カルシウムあるいは水酸化カルシウムほどの効果が
ない。
However, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide as an alkaline earth metal compound has a remarkable adverse effect on the cathode beyond the effect of its addition, and even a battery with a short standing period easily generates hydrogen gas from the cathode plate by ordinary charging. However, there is a disadvantage that the internal pressure of the battery increases. In addition, magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide has almost no adverse effect of hydrogen gas generation as compared with calcium, but in order to prevent inactivation of the active material,
Not as effective as calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide.

一方、特開昭60-198066号公報では、モリブデン化合
物特にモリブデン酸化物、モリブデン酸塩等を活物質も
しくは電解液へ添加することが提案されている。
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-198066 proposes adding a molybdenum compound, particularly a molybdenum oxide, a molybdate, or the like to an active material or an electrolytic solution.

しかしながら、電解液への添加では、0.5〜3%の高
濃度を必要とし、この濃度では、ニッケル陽極への影響
が大きく、サイクル寿命を低下させる欠点がある。
However, the addition to the electrolytic solution requires a high concentration of 0.5 to 3%, and at this concentration, the influence on the nickel anode is large, and the cycle life is disadvantageously reduced.

又、特開昭63-16554号公報では、非焼結式カドミウム
陰極にインジウムあるいはインジウム化合物を添加する
ことが提案されている。
JP-A-63-16554 proposes to add indium or an indium compound to a non-sintered cadmium cathode.

これは、インジウムあるいはインジウム化合物を含ん
だカドミウム陰極板をアルカリ電解液中で充放電を行う
と、充電時カドミウム金属結晶中にインジウム原子が置
換され、カドミウム金属結晶の格子欠陥を生じ結晶状態
が不安定化し、極板が活性化して利用率が向上するとい
うものである。
This is because, when a cadmium cathode plate containing indium or an indium compound is charged and discharged in an alkaline electrolyte, indium atoms are replaced in the cadmium metal crystal during charging, lattice defects of the cadmium metal crystal occur, and the crystal state is not good. It stabilizes and activates the electrode plates to improve the utilization factor.

しかしながら、上記公報に記載されている非焼結式カ
ドミウム極板は導電マトリックスが存在しないため、極
板の導電性は非常に小さい。そのため、非焼結式極板で
は、活物質の不活性化を防止する目的でインジウムを添
加しても極板自体の導電性が非常に小さいため、インジ
ウムを添加する効果は小さく、放置による急速充電性能
等が改善できないという問題点がある。
However, the non-sintered cadmium electrode described in the above publication has no conductive matrix, so that the conductivity of the electrode is very small. Therefore, in non-sintered electrode plates, even if indium is added to prevent inactivation of the active material, the conductivity of the electrode plate itself is very small. There is a problem that charging performance and the like cannot be improved.

(ハ)発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は、上述の如き課題を解決し、長期間の放置に
よるカドミウム陰極の不活性化に起因する急速充電性能
の低下を防止し得る焼結式カドミウム陰極を提供しよう
とするものである。
(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and prevents a sintering type cadmium cathode capable of preventing a decrease in rapid charging performance due to inactivation of the cadmium cathode due to long-term storage. It is intended to provide.

(ニ)課題を解決するための手段 本発明は、カドミウム化合物を充填した多孔性ニッケ
ル焼結基板をインジウム塩溶液での浸漬処理、乾燥処
理、アルカリ処理を施して、前記基板に水酸化インジウ
ムを添加したものである。
(D) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a porous nickel sintered substrate filled with a cadmium compound, which is subjected to an immersion treatment with an indium salt solution, a drying treatment, and an alkali treatment so that indium hydroxide is applied to the substrate. It has been added.

(ホ)作用 電池を長期間放置すると不活性化を生じる。これは、
放置期間中に陰極活物質であるカドミウムが、電解液中
で溶解−析出反応を繰り返した結果、活物質粒子が粗大
化し反応面積が低下するためであると考えられる。
(E) Action If the battery is left for a long time, it will be inactivated. this is,
This is considered to be because cadmium, which is a cathode active material, repeatedly undergoes a dissolution-precipitation reaction in the electrolytic solution during the standing period, so that active material particles are coarsened and the reaction area is reduced.

ところで、活物質に添加されたインジウム化合物は、
インジウムがカドミウムの溶解−析出反応の核となり、
カドミウムの粗大化を防止する作用を有していると考え
られる。これにより、カドミウムの粗大化を防ぎ、不活
性化を防止することができる。
By the way, the indium compound added to the active material is
Indium becomes the core of the cadmium dissolution-precipitation reaction,
It is considered to have an effect of preventing cadmium from coarsening. Thereby, cadmium can be prevented from coarsening and inactivation can be prevented.

又、本発明では、化成工程を含む製造工程に新しい設
備を導入する必要もなく、従来の製造工程でカドミウム
陰極中に水酸化インジウムを充填することができる。
Further, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to introduce new equipment into the manufacturing process including the chemical conversion process, and the cadmium cathode can be filled with indium hydroxide in the conventional manufacturing process.

(ヘ)実施例 多孔性ニッケル焼結基板を硝酸カドミウム水溶液に浸
漬し、その後、この基板を乾燥、アルカリ処理する一連
の活物質充填操作を行う。さらに、前記基板を硫酸イン
ジウム水溶液に浸漬し、乾燥、アルカリ処理を行い水酸
化インジウムに転化させる操作を行う。インジウム量
は、活物質重量に対して100ppm以上とする。この水酸化
インジウムを含有したカドミウム陰極を、化成処理し、
本発明品のカドミウム陰極を得た。このカドミウム陰
極、ニッケル陽極、セパレータを用いて公称容量1200mA
Hの本発明電池Aを作成した。
(F) Example A porous nickel sintered substrate is immersed in a cadmium nitrate aqueous solution, and thereafter, a series of active material filling operations for drying and alkali-treating the substrate are performed. Further, the substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution of indium sulfate, dried, treated with alkali, and converted into indium hydroxide. The amount of indium is 100 ppm or more based on the weight of the active material. The cadmium cathode containing this indium hydroxide is subjected to a chemical conversion treatment,
A cadmium cathode of the present invention was obtained. Nominal capacity 1200mA using this cadmium cathode, nickel anode and separator
H of Invention Battery A was prepared.

又、硫酸インジウム水溶液に浸漬しない以外は、上記
と同一条件で比較電池Bを作成した。
A comparative battery B was prepared under the same conditions as above except that the battery was not immersed in an aqueous solution of indium sulfate.

これらの本発明電池Aと比較電池Bを1.5C(1800mA)
の電流で1時間の急速充電し、充電状態で3ケ月間放置
した。3ケ月間放置後、再び1.5C(1800mA)の電流で1
時間の急速充電を行った。
The battery A of the present invention and the battery B of the comparative example were 1.5 C (1800 mA).
The battery was rapidly charged for 1 hour with the above current and left for 3 months in the charged state. After leaving it for 3 months, the current is 1.5C (1800mA) again.
Time was quick charging.

第1図は、本発明電池Aと比較電池Bの放置前の急速
充電曲線と放置後の急速充電曲線を示す。
FIG. 1 shows a rapid charge curve before leaving the battery A of the present invention and a comparative battery B before leaving, and a rapid charging curve after leaving it.

第2図は、3ケ月間放置し急速充電した後、IC(1200
mA)の電流で放電した時の放電曲線を示す。
Figure 2 shows that the IC (1200
5 shows a discharge curve when discharging at a current of (mA).

図中、A及びBは本発明電池A及び比較電池Bを、A
(1)及びB(1)は放置前の急速充電曲線、A(2)
及びB(2)は放置後の急速充電曲線を示している。
In the figure, A and B represent the battery A of the present invention and the comparative battery B, respectively.
(1) and B (1) are quick charge curves before standing, A (2)
And B (2) show a quick charge curve after standing.

比較電池Bは、急速充電で1.6Vに達するまでの時間
が、放置前は41分であるが、放置後は電圧が早期に上昇
し25分であった。又、最大電圧も放置前では1.63Vであ
るが、放置後は1.70Vを超えている。これは、陰極から
水素ガスが発生しているからと考えられ、比較電池Bの
陰極活物質が不活性化し、充電されにくくなっているた
めである。
The time required for the comparative battery B to reach 1.6 V by rapid charging was 41 minutes before being left, but after standing, the voltage rose early and was 25 minutes. Also, the maximum voltage is 1.63 V before leaving, but exceeds 1.70 V after leaving. This is presumably because hydrogen gas was generated from the cathode, and the cathode active material of the comparative battery B was inactivated and became difficult to be charged.

一方、本発明電池Aは、放置前後での充電電圧及びそ
の立ち上り時期にほとんど差がない。従って3ケ月放置
後も放置前と同様な急速充電性能を維持している。
On the other hand, in the battery A of the present invention, there is almost no difference between the charging voltage before and after standing and the rising time. Therefore, after three months of storage, the same rapid charging performance as before storage is maintained.

又、第2図に示すように、比較電池Bは公称容量の80
%以下まで容量が低下するが、本発明電池Aはほぼ公称
容量を維持している。
As shown in FIG. 2, the comparative battery B has a nominal capacity of 80%.
%, But the battery A of the present invention substantially maintains the nominal capacity.

(ト)発明の効果 本発明によるカドミウム陰極を用いたアルカリ蓄電池
は、長期間特に高温での放置によるカドミウム陰極の不
活性化に起因する急速充電性能の低下を防止し得る効果
がある。
(G) Effects of the Invention The alkaline storage battery using the cadmium cathode according to the present invention has an effect capable of preventing the rapid charging performance from being deteriorated due to inactivation of the cadmium cathode due to being left at a high temperature for a long period of time.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

図面は、本発明によるカドミウム陰極を用いた本発明電
池Aと従来のカドミウム陰極を用いた比較電池Bの電池
特性比較図であって、第1図は、アルカリ蓄電池の放置
前と放置後の急速充電曲線、第2図は、放置後の放電曲
線を夫々示す。
The drawing is a battery characteristic comparison diagram of the battery A of the present invention using the cadmium cathode according to the present invention and the comparative battery B using the conventional cadmium cathode. FIG. 1 shows the rapidity of the alkaline storage battery before and after leaving it. FIG. 2 shows a charge curve, and FIG. 2 shows a discharge curve after standing.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】カドミウム化合物を充填した多孔性ニッケ
ル焼結基板をインジウム塩溶液での浸漬処理、乾燥処
理、アルカリ処理を施して、前記基板に水酸化インジウ
ムを添加したことを特徴とするアルカリ蓄電池用焼結式
カドミウム陰極。
An alkaline storage battery characterized in that a porous nickel sintered substrate filled with a cadmium compound is subjected to an immersion treatment with an indium salt solution, a drying treatment, and an alkali treatment, and indium hydroxide is added to the substrate. Cadmium cathode for sintering.
JP2211021A 1990-08-08 1990-08-08 Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries Expired - Fee Related JP2865394B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2211021A JP2865394B2 (en) 1990-08-08 1990-08-08 Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2211021A JP2865394B2 (en) 1990-08-08 1990-08-08 Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0494057A JPH0494057A (en) 1992-03-26
JP2865394B2 true JP2865394B2 (en) 1999-03-08

Family

ID=16599041

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2211021A Expired - Fee Related JP2865394B2 (en) 1990-08-08 1990-08-08 Sintered cadmium cathode for alkaline storage batteries

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2865394B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0494057A (en) 1992-03-26

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