JP2801143B2 - Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device - Google Patents
Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2801143B2 JP2801143B2 JP12586594A JP12586594A JP2801143B2 JP 2801143 B2 JP2801143 B2 JP 2801143B2 JP 12586594 A JP12586594 A JP 12586594A JP 12586594 A JP12586594 A JP 12586594A JP 2801143 B2 JP2801143 B2 JP 2801143B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- paper
- fiber orientation
- linearly polarized
- incident
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Landscapes
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、静止または抄紙工程
中にある紙の繊維配向特性を測定するのに適した繊維配
向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring apparatus suitable for measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of paper at rest or during a papermaking process.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】高品質な紙を製造するためには、製造さ
れた紙の紙質や繊維配向特性を測定する必要がある。従
来のこの種の繊維配向測定装置として、特開平４−５７
９８３号公報に記載された非接触式配向計や特開平４−
１１３２０５号公報に記載された繊維配向測定装置など
があり、これらの装置は紙面における光の入反射を利用
したものである。2. Description of the Related Art In order to produce high quality paper, it is necessary to measure the paper quality and fiber orientation characteristics of the produced paper. A conventional fiber orientation measuring apparatus of this type is disclosed in JP-A-4-57.
No. 983, a non-contact type orientation meter,
There is a fiber orientation measuring device described in JP-A-113205, etc., and these devices make use of the incidence and reflection of light on paper.
【０００３】しかしながらこれら従来の装置は、裁断さ
れた試料について繊維配向特性を測定するのに適してい
るが、大掛かりな装置であるため、抄紙工程における紙
匹の繊維配向特性を測定するのには不都合がある。この
ため、本願出願人は、簡単な構造で大掛かりな装置とな
らずに、抄紙工程中における紙匹についてオンラインで
繊維配向特性を測定することができるようにした繊維配
向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置を既に提案した（特願
平５−６２５８１号）。[0003] However, these conventional devices are suitable for measuring fiber orientation characteristics of cut samples, but since they are large-scale devices, they are not suitable for measuring fiber orientation characteristics of paper webs in the papermaking process. There are inconveniences. For this reason, the applicant of the present application has proposed a fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring apparatus which are capable of measuring the fiber orientation characteristics of a web in a paper making process online without a large-scale apparatus having a simple structure. (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-62581).
【０００４】この紙の繊維配向測定方法は、静止または
走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に無偏光を照射し、該紙
面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と入射
光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上の８ヵ
所以上において、ほぼ同時に該紙面によって反射した光
を捕捉し、該反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向
角などの繊維配向特性を算出することを特徴としてお
り、この方法を実現した繊維配向測定装置は、静止また
は走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に無偏光を照射する投
光手段と、該紙面の前記無偏光の入射側であって紙面に
平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内
の円周上に配設し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点
を臨んで該紙面によって反射した光を捕捉する８個以上
の受光手段と、前記それぞれの受光手段により測定され
た反射光強度が入力され、該入力信号を適宜に処理して
光強度情報を出力する光情報処理回路と、前記光情報処
理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などを
算出する演算回路とを備えたことを特徴とするものであ
る。In this method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper, non-polarized light is radiated perpendicularly to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and light is incident on a surface parallel to the paper surface on the non-polarized light incident side of the paper surface. At eight or more locations on the circumference in the parallel plane centered on the intersection with the optical axis, the light reflected by the paper surface is captured almost simultaneously, and the fiber orientation index, fiber orientation angle, etc. are obtained from the intensity of the reflected light. Is characterized by calculating the fiber orientation characteristics of, the fiber orientation measuring device that has realized this method, the projection means for irradiating non-polarized light perpendicular to the paper surface of the stationary or running paper, The non-polarized light incident side is disposed on the circumference in the parallel plane centered on the intersection of the plane parallel to the plane of the paper and the incident optical axis, and the light receiving unit is disposed between the plane of the paper and the incident optical axis. Eight or more light receiving means for capturing light reflected by the paper surface facing the intersection, An optical information processing circuit for receiving the reflected light intensity measured by each light receiving means, appropriately processing the input signal and outputting light intensity information, and a fiber orientation index from the output signal of the optical information processing circuit. And an arithmetic circuit for calculating a fiber orientation angle and the like.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】一般に、長網式などの
抄紙機で製造される紙の繊維配向は、ワイヤーパートで
ほぼ決定される。また、ワイヤーパートへの原料供給状
態やワイヤーパートの運転状況などの抄造条件が一定で
あれば、繊維配向は紙流れ方向（マシン方向）でほぼ一
定値を示す。したがって、抄紙機上で紙の繊維配向を測
定しようとする場合、紙流れ方向の繊維配向はほぼ一定
であるため、走行する紙匹が移動してずれた紙面上の測
定点から反射した光強度を測定しても、繊維配向を算出
することが可能である。このような方式で測定を行う場
合には、走行する紙匹の同一部分の反射光強度を同時に
測定する必要がない。すなわち、本願出願人が既に出願
した繊維配向測定装置のように複数個の受光手段を必要
としない。Generally, the fiber orientation of paper produced by a paper machine such as a fourdrinier type is almost determined by a wire part. In addition, if the papermaking conditions such as the supply state of the raw material to the wire part and the operation state of the wire part are constant, the fiber orientation shows a substantially constant value in the paper flow direction (machine direction). Therefore, when trying to measure the fiber orientation of the paper on a paper machine, the fiber orientation in the paper flow direction is almost constant, and the light intensity reflected from the measurement point on the paper surface shifted by the moving paper web Is measured, the fiber orientation can be calculated. When the measurement is performed by such a method, it is not necessary to simultaneously measure the reflected light intensity of the same portion of the running paper web. That is, a plurality of light receiving means is not required unlike the fiber orientation measuring apparatus which has already been applied by the present applicant.
【０００６】しかし、繊維配向特性を把握するためには
360°に対して繊維の配向を測定する必要がある。However, in order to grasp the fiber orientation characteristics,
It is necessary to measure fiber orientation for 360 °.
【０００７】また、繊維配向を測定するために受光手段
で捕捉される光には測定に係る繊維の表面で反射した光
以外に、紙層内に入射して紙層内の繊維で反射した光な
ど様々な形態で反射した光が含まれている。このため、
繊維配向に反映しない不純な反射光も捕捉されることに
なり、この不純光によって、取得された繊維配向特性の
精度が十分と言えない場合が生じてしまうおそれがあ
る。紙層内に入射する光を減じて、紙表面の繊維表面で
よく反射する光を紙面に入射すれば、繊維配向を反映す
る光を増加させて測定処理が行なえるから、測定精度を
高めることができる。The light captured by the light receiving means for measuring the fiber orientation is not only the light reflected on the surface of the fiber to be measured, but also the light incident on the paper layer and reflected on the fiber in the paper layer. Light reflected in various forms is included. For this reason,
Impure reflected light that is not reflected in the fiber orientation is also captured, and this impure light may cause a case where the accuracy of the obtained fiber orientation characteristics cannot be said to be sufficient. If the light incident on the paper layer is reduced and the light well reflected on the fiber surface on the paper surface is incident on the paper surface, the light reflecting the fiber orientation can be increased and the measurement process can be performed. Can be.
【０００８】そこで、この発明は、紙表面に位置した繊
維の表面でよく反射し、紙層内への入射を減じた光を紙
面に照射し、繊維配向をよく反映した反射光を捕捉する
ことにより繊維配向を測定できるようにした紙の繊維配
向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置を提供することを主た
る目的としている。Accordingly, the present invention is to irradiate the paper with light that is well reflected at the surface of the fiber located on the paper surface and whose incidence on the paper layer is reduced, and captures reflected light that reflects the fiber orientation well. It is a main object of the present invention to provide a paper fiber orientation measuring method and a fiber orientation measuring apparatus which can measure the fiber orientation by using the method.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めの技術的手段として、この発明に係る紙の繊維配向測
定方法は、静止または走行中の紙の紙面に対して垂直に
直線偏光からなる検出光を照射するとともに、該直線偏
光の振動方向を、入射光軸を中心として回動させ、該紙
面の前記検出光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と入射
光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上の少な
くとも８ヵ所に配設した受光手段によって、上記紙面か
らの反射光から前記直線偏光の振動方向と等しい方向に
振動する直線偏光を分離して順次に捕捉し、該反射光の
強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などの繊維配向特性
を算出することを特徴としている。As a technical means for achieving the above-mentioned object, a method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to the present invention is to convert a linearly polarized light perpendicular to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper. And oscillating the direction of oscillation of the linearly polarized light about the incident optical axis, and the intersection of the incident light axis with a plane parallel to the paper surface on the detection light incident side of the paper surface. The linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light is separated from the reflected light from the paper surface by the light receiving means arranged at at least eight places on the circumference in the parallel plane with the center as the center. The method is characterized by sequentially capturing and calculating fiber orientation characteristics such as a fiber orientation index and a fiber orientation angle from the intensity of the reflected light.
【００１０】また、前記方法によって繊維配向を最もよ
く反映した反射光で繊維配向を測定できる方法とするた
め、前記直線偏光が入反射面に対して垂直方向に振動す
る偏光であることを特徴とし、さらに、より正確な繊維
配向特性を取得するために、紙面によって反射した光の
捕捉を、前記紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心
とする前記円周上でほぼ等間隔にある位置において行な
うことを特徴としている。Further, in order to measure the fiber orientation with reflected light that reflects the fiber orientation best by the method, the linearly polarized light is a polarized light that oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface. Further, in order to obtain more accurate fiber orientation characteristics, the capture of light reflected by the paper surface is performed at substantially equal intervals on the circumference around the intersection of the plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis. It is characterized in that it is performed at a certain position.
【００１１】また、前記直線偏光は入反射面に対しては
一定の方向に振動しており、同一の入反射面内に位置し
ている受光手段ではほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉できること
に着目して、測定時間を短くして信号処理を短時間で行
なえるようにした繊維配向測定方法とするため、前記受
光手段のうち 180°の位置関係で配設した一対の受光手
段では、ほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉することを特徴として
いる。It is noted that the linearly polarized light vibrates in a fixed direction with respect to the incident / reflective surface, and the light receiving means located in the same incident / reflective surface can capture the reflected light almost simultaneously. In order to provide a fiber orientation measuring method in which the signal processing can be performed in a short time by shortening the measuring time, the pair of light receiving means arranged in a 180 ° positional relationship among the light receiving means almost simultaneously reflects the reflected light. It is characterized by capturing.
【００１２】そして、前記測定方法によって繊維配向を
測定する装置として、静止または走行中の紙の紙面に対
して垂直に直線偏光からなる検出光を照射するととも
に、入射光軸を中心として回動する投光手段と、該紙面
の前記検出光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と入射光
軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上に配設
し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点を臨んで該紙面
によって反射した光を前記直線偏光の振動方向と等しい
方向に振動する直線偏光を分離する偏光子を透過させて
該直線偏光を捕捉する少なくとも８個の受光手段と、前
記受光手段により測定された反射光強度が入力され、該
入力信号を適宜に処理して光強度情報を出力する光情報
処理回路と、前記光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維配
向指数や繊維配向角などを算出する演算回路とからな
り、前記投光手段から発せられ紙面で反射した光を、投
光手段の回動位置に応じて、直線偏光を透過する偏光子
を備えた受光手段で順次に捕捉することを特徴としてい
る。As a device for measuring the fiber orientation by the above-mentioned measuring method, a stationary or running paper is irradiated with a detection light composed of linearly polarized light perpendicularly to the plane of the paper and rotated about an incident optical axis. A light projecting means, disposed on a circumference in the plane parallel to the plane of the drawing, on the side of the detection light, on the intersection of the plane parallel to the plane of the drawing and the incident optical axis; At least 8 which captures the linearly polarized light by transmitting the light reflected by the paper surface facing the intersection of the paper surface and the incident optical axis through a polarizer that separates the linearly polarized light that oscillates in a direction equal to the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light. Light receiving means, a reflected light intensity measured by the light receiving means is input, an optical information processing circuit for appropriately processing the input signal and outputting light intensity information, and an output signal of the optical information processing circuit. Fiber orientation index and fiber orientation angle The light emitted from the light emitting means and reflected on the paper surface is sequentially captured by the light receiving means having a polarizer that transmits linearly polarized light according to the rotational position of the light emitting means. It is characterized by doing.
【００１３】また、紙表面の繊維表面における反射を増
加し、紙層内に入射する光を減少させて、繊維配向をよ
り反映した反射光を捕捉して信号処理を行なえるように
した繊維配向測定装置とするために、前記直線偏光が入
反射面に対して垂直方向に振動する偏光であることを特
徴としており、さらに正確な繊維配向特性を取得するこ
とができるようにするため、前記受光手段を、前記紙面
に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記円周上
にほぼ等間隔に配設したことを特徴としている。Further, the fiber orientation which increases the reflection on the fiber surface of the paper surface, reduces the light incident on the paper layer, and captures the reflected light which more reflects the fiber orientation to perform signal processing. In order to obtain a measuring device, the linearly polarized light is a polarized light that oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface. It is characterized in that the means are arranged at substantially equal intervals on the circumference centering on the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface and the incident optical axis.
【００１４】また、測定時間を短くして信号処理を短時
間で行なえるようにした繊維配向測定装置とするため、
前記受光手段のうち 180°の位置関係で配設した一対の
受光手段では、ほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉することを特徴
としている。[0014] Further, in order to provide a fiber orientation measuring apparatus in which signal processing can be performed in a short time by shortening the measuring time,
A pair of light receiving means arranged at a positional relationship of 180 ° among the light receiving means capture reflected light almost simultaneously.
【００１５】[0015]
【作用】投光手段によって繊維配向を測定すべき紙の紙
面に検出光が照射されると、紙面で反射し、その反射光
が受光手段で捕捉される。投光手段から発せられる検出
光は直線偏光であるとともに、該偏光子を含む投光手段
が回転しているから、投光手段の入射光軸を中心とする
円周上に配設された受光手段には、該直線偏光の振動方
向と等しい方向に振動する直線偏光が順次に入射するこ
とになる。受光手段には、反射光から該直線偏光の振動
方向と等しい方向に振動する直線偏光を分離する偏光子
が備えられているから、入射光軸とともに入反射面を形
成する受光手段では、該直線偏光を捕捉することができ
る。すなわち、投光手段の回転によって入反射面が回転
し、入反射面を形成する受光手段は順次ずれて、受光手
段で順次に反射光を捕捉することにより紙面に照射され
た直線偏光を捕捉することができる。When the detection light is applied to the paper surface of the paper whose fiber orientation is to be measured by the light projecting means, the detection light is reflected by the paper surface and the reflected light is captured by the light receiving means. Since the detection light emitted from the light projecting means is linearly polarized light and the light projecting means including the polarizer is rotating, the light received on the circumference centered on the incident optical axis of the light projecting means is detected. The linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light sequentially enters the means. Since the light receiving means is provided with a polarizer for separating the linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light from the reflected light, the light receiving means forming the incident / reflective surface together with the incident optical axis includes the linearly polarized light. Polarized light can be captured. In other words, the rotation of the light projecting means rotates the incident / reflective surface, the light receiving means forming the incident / reflective surface is sequentially shifted, and the reflected light is sequentially captured by the light receiving means to capture the linearly polarized light applied to the paper surface. be able to.
【００１６】そして、受光手段は紙面に平行な面内の入
射光軸を中心とした円周上に配設されているから、全て
の測定位置に関して入射光軸と反射光軸のなす角度が等
しくなる。Since the light receiving means is disposed on a circumference centered on the incident optical axis in a plane parallel to the plane of the paper, the angles formed by the incident optical axis and the reflected optical axis are equal at all measurement positions. Become.
【００１７】検出すべき紙が静止している場合には、紙
面の同一部分について 360°の範囲で繊維配向を測定で
きるから、それぞれの位置において捕捉された反射光強
度のバラツキは紙面の配向特性に応じた傾向を示すこと
になり、この反射光強度のバラツキから繊維配向指数や
繊維配向角などの配向特性が求められる。すなわち、受
光手段で捕捉された反射光の強度を、捕捉した受光手段
の角度位置に対応させて信号処理すれば、当該紙の繊維
配向特性を取得することができる。When the paper to be detected is stationary, the fiber orientation can be measured within the range of 360 ° with respect to the same portion of the paper surface. Therefore, the variation in the intensity of the reflected light captured at each position depends on the orientation characteristics of the paper surface. The orientation characteristics such as the fiber orientation index and the fiber orientation angle are determined from the variation in the reflected light intensity. That is, if signal processing is performed on the intensity of the reflected light captured by the light receiving means in accordance with the angular position of the captured light receiving means, the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper can be obtained.
【００１８】また、投光手段から発せられ受光手段で捕
捉される直線偏光を、入反射面に対して垂直方向に振動
する偏光とすれば、紙層内に入射する光を減じて、繊維
配向をよく反映した反射光で繊維配向を測定できる。Further, if the linearly polarized light emitted from the light projecting means and captured by the light receiving means is polarized light vibrating in the direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface, light incident on the paper layer is reduced, and fiber orientation is reduced. The fiber orientation can be measured with reflected light that well reflects
【００１９】また、受光手段を入射光軸を中心とする円
周上に等間隔に配設することにより、 360°の角度位置
にわたって均等に繊維配向に係るデータを採取できるか
ら、確実な繊維配向特性を取得できる。Further, by arranging the light receiving means at equal intervals on a circumference centered on the incident optical axis, data relating to fiber orientation can be uniformly collected over 360 ° angular positions. You can get the characteristics.
【００２０】そして、投光手段と受光手段とを抄紙機の
クロスマシン方向に走査させながら抄紙機上を走行中の
紙について繊維配向に係るデータを採取する場合には、
紙匹の面の同一部分に関する反射光強度を測定すること
はできない。しかし、抄紙機上を走行する紙匹の繊維配
向はほぼ一定であるから、受光手段の測定角度が等しい
場合にはほぼ等しい反射光強度を示すことになる。した
がって、反射光強度を常時測定することにより、紙匹の
配向特性の傾向が得られ、この傾向から外れるような場
合には、所定の紙質を維持していない状態になったこと
が判断できる。In the case where data relating to fiber orientation is collected for paper running on the paper machine while scanning the light projecting means and the light receiving means in the cross machine direction of the paper machine,
It is not possible to measure the reflected light intensity for the same part of the web. However, since the fiber orientation of the web running on the paper machine is substantially constant, the reflected light intensity will be substantially equal when the measuring angles of the light receiving means are equal. Therefore, by constantly measuring the intensity of the reflected light, the tendency of the orientation characteristics of the paper web can be obtained. If the tendency deviates from this tendency, it can be determined that the predetermined paper quality is not maintained.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下、図示した実施例に基づいて、この発明
に係る紙の繊維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置を具
体的に説明する。なお、本実施例では８個の受光手段を
備えたものについて説明している。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method and apparatus for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. In the present embodiment, an apparatus having eight light receiving units is described.
【００２２】図１はこの繊維配向測定装置の概略を示す
正面図で、繊維配向特性を測定すべき紙１の紙面1aの上
方に投光手段10が配設されている。この投光手段10は半
導体レーザー11とレンズ12、偏光子13、１／４波長板1
4、偏光子15とによって構成されており、半導体レーザ
ー11により発せられたレーザー光をレンズ12、偏光子1
3、１／４波長板14、偏光子15を順次透過させて、検出
光として直線偏光Ｌｉが得られるようにしてある。ま
た、偏光子15は直線偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸を中心として回
転するようにしてあり、このため直線偏光Ｌｉはその振
動の方向を偏光子15の回転に同期して変化させながら紙
面1aに入射される。FIG. 1 is a front view showing the outline of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus, in which a light projecting means 10 is disposed above the paper surface 1a of the paper 1 whose fiber orientation characteristics are to be measured. The light projecting means 10 comprises a semiconductor laser 11, a lens 12, a polarizer 13, a quarter-wave plate 1
4, a polarizer 15 and a laser beam emitted by a semiconductor laser 11 to a lens 12, a polarizer 1
The light is sequentially transmitted through the 3, 1/4 wavelength plate 14 and the polarizer 15 so that linearly polarized light Li can be obtained as detection light. Further, the polarizer 15 is configured to rotate about the incident optical axis of the linearly polarized light Li, so that the linearly polarized light Li enters the paper 1a while changing the direction of the vibration in synchronization with the rotation of the polarizer 15. Is done.
【００２３】他方、８個の受光手段20a〜20hは、図２に
示すようにそれぞれ偏光子21a〜21hと光の強度を電気信
号に変換する受光素子22a〜22hとから構成されている。
そして、図１および図２に示すように、紙面1aと平行な
面と前記直線偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸との交点を中心とし
て、該平行な面内に形成された円周上にほぼ等間隔とな
るように配設されている。さらに、この受光手段20a〜2
0hは、その受光部が上記直線偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸と紙面
1aとの交点を臨んだ状態に配設されている。したがっ
て、前記投光手段10から発せられた直線偏光Ｌｉは紙面
1aで反射し、その反射光Ｌｒは、受光手段20a〜20hによ
って捕捉されることになる。On the other hand, the eight light receiving means 20a to 20h are respectively composed of polarizers 21a to 21h and light receiving elements 22a to 22h for converting light intensity into electric signals as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, with a center at an intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface 1a and the incident optical axis of the linearly polarized light Li, substantially equal intervals are formed on a circumference formed in the parallel plane. It is arranged to be. Further, the light receiving means 20a-2
0h indicates that the light receiving part is on the paper surface with respect to the incident optical axis of the linearly polarized light Li.
It is arranged facing the intersection with 1a. Therefore, the linearly polarized light Li emitted from the light projecting means 10 is
The light Lr reflected at 1a is captured by the light receiving means 20a to 20h.
【００２４】受光手段20a〜20hによって捕捉された反射
光Ｌｒは、上記偏光子21a〜21hを透過することによって
投光手段10によって発せられた直線偏光Ｌｉの振動方向
と等しい方向に振動する直線偏光に分離されたのち上記
受光素子22a〜22hに入射する。このとき、直線偏光Ｌｉ
と反射光Ｌｒとのなす入反射光角度θｒは、０°＜θｒ
＜９０°の範囲となるが、繊維配向を算出するためには
繊維配向を反映した光の反射率が高い方が望ましく、そ
のためには入反射角度θｒを大きくすることが望まし
い。また、投光手段10で発せられる直線偏光Ｌｉと受光
手段20で捕捉される反射光Ｌｒは、いずれも入射光軸と
反射光Ｌｒを捕捉すべき受光手段20の光軸とを含む入反
射面に対して垂直方向に振動する偏光であることが望ま
しい。これは、入反射面に対して垂直方向に振動する偏
光の方が、平行方向に振動する偏光に較べて紙層内に入
射する光量が少ないからである。The reflected light Lr captured by the light receiving means 20a to 20h is transmitted through the polarizers 21a to 21h, and oscillates in the same direction as the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light Li emitted by the light projecting means 10. And then enter the light receiving elements 22a to 22h. At this time, the linearly polarized light Li
And the reflected light Lr, the incident reflected light angle θr is 0 ° <θr
Although it is in the range of <90 °, in order to calculate the fiber orientation, it is desirable that the reflectance of light reflecting the fiber orientation is higher, and for that purpose, it is desirable to increase the incident reflection angle θr. Both the linearly polarized light Li emitted from the light projecting means 10 and the reflected light Lr captured by the light receiving means 20 are incident / reflective surfaces including the incident optical axis and the optical axis of the light receiving means 20 to capture the reflected light Lr. It is desirable that the polarized light oscillates in a direction perpendicular to the polarized light. This is because the amount of light incident on the paper layer is smaller for polarized light oscillating in the direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface than for polarized light oscillating in the parallel direction.
【００２５】そして、上記８個の受光手段20a〜20hは、
順次に反射光Ｌｒを捕捉するようにしてある。すなわ
ち、上記投光手段10から発せられる直線偏光Ｌｉは入射
光軸を中心として回転しており、該入射光軸と受光手段
20の光軸とを含む入反射面も入射光軸を中心として回転
している。したがって、投光手段10から発せられた直線
偏光Ｌｉの振動方向と等しい方向に振動する直線偏光を
捕捉することができる受光手段20は前記偏光子15の回転
に同期して順次ずれることになり、該偏光子15が360°
回転したときに最初の受光手段20に戻ることになる。The eight light receiving means 20a to 20h are:
The reflected light Lr is sequentially captured. That is, the linearly polarized light Li emitted from the light projecting means 10 rotates about the incident optical axis, and the incident light axis and the light receiving means are rotated.
The incident / reflective surface including the 20 optical axes also rotates about the incident optical axis. Therefore, the light receiving means 20 capable of capturing linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light Li emitted from the light projecting means 10 is sequentially shifted in synchronization with the rotation of the polarizer 15, The polarizer 15 is 360 °
When it rotates, it returns to the first light receiving means 20.
【００２６】また、受光手段20a〜20hは上記円周上で局
所的に密集して配設されると、紙面1aの偏った方向に対
するデータが採取されることになり、正確な繊維配向特
性を取得することができなくなってしまう。したがっ
て、受光手段20a〜20hは上記円周上にほぼ等間隔で配設
することが望ましい。なお、抄紙機上の紙匹について配
向特性を測定する場合のように、紙匹の繊維配向がほぼ
抄紙機の流れ方向に沿っていると推測できるような場合
には、反射光Ｌｒを捕捉しやすい位置に受光手段20a〜2
0hを配設しても差し支えない。When the light receiving means 20a to 20h are locally densely arranged on the circumference, data in a skewed direction of the paper surface 1a is collected, and accurate fiber orientation characteristics are obtained. You will not be able to get it. Therefore, it is desirable to arrange the light receiving means 20a to 20h at substantially equal intervals on the circumference. In the case where the fiber orientation of the paper web can be estimated to be substantially along the flow direction of the paper paper, as in the case of measuring the orientation characteristics of the paper web on the paper machine, the reflected light Lr is captured. Light receiving means 20a-2 at easy position
0h can be arranged.
【００２７】そして、図３に示すように、受光素子22a
〜22hの出力端子は光情報処理回路31の入力端子31a〜31
hに接続されており、該受光素子22a〜22hで捕捉された
反射光Ｌｒの強度が電気信号に変換されて該光情報処理
回路31に入力される。この光情報処理回路31では入力さ
れた光強度信号を適宜に信号処理して、それぞれの受光
素子22a〜22hで捕捉された反射光Ｌｒの強度Ｆと、当該
受光素子22a〜22hの前記入射光軸Ｌｉを中心とした円周
上における配設角度θとを含む光情報信号として出力す
る。光情報処理回路31の出力側には演算回路32が接続さ
れており、該演算回路32では、入力された光情報信号
を、Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the light receiving element 22a
Are output terminals of the optical information processing circuit 31.
h, the intensity of the reflected light Lr captured by the light receiving elements 22a to 22h is converted into an electric signal and input to the optical information processing circuit 31. The optical information processing circuit 31 appropriately processes the input light intensity signal to process the intensity F of the reflected light Lr captured by each of the light receiving elements 22a to 22h and the incident light of the light receiving elements 22a to 22h. It is output as an optical information signal including the arrangement angle θ on the circumference around the axis Li. An arithmetic circuit 32 is connected to the output side of the optical information processing circuit 31, and the arithmetic circuit 32 converts the input optical information signal into
【数１】Ｆ(θ) ＝ Ｃ（１＋ηＣＯＳ２（θ−α）） に適用して、紙面1aの繊維配向の強さを表わす配向指数
ηと、紙面1aの繊維配向の方向を表わす配向角αを算出
する。なお、数１において、Ｆは光強度、θは受光手段
20a〜20hの配設角度、Ｃは反射光強度の平均値をそれぞ
れ表わす。また、数１はフーリエ級数の一部であり、取
得データから紙の繊維配向を近似して計算する周期関数
として知られているものであるが、この演算式の他に、
フォン・マイス（Ｖｏｎ Ｍｉｓｅｓ）関数や楕円関数
などを用いることもできる。By applying to F (θ) = C (1 + ηCOS2 (θ−α)), an orientation index η representing the strength of the fiber orientation on the paper 1a and an orientation angle α representing the direction of the fiber orientation on the paper 1a. Is calculated. In Equation 1, F represents light intensity, and θ represents light receiving means.
Arrangement angles of 20a to 20h, and C represents the average value of the reflected light intensity, respectively. Equation 1 is a part of the Fourier series, and is known as a periodic function that approximates the fiber orientation of paper from the acquired data.
A Von Mises function, an elliptic function, or the like can also be used.
【００２８】上記演算回路32で算出された配向指数ηと
配向角αなどは、該演算回路32に接続されたＣＲＴ表示
装置などの表示手段33で表示されたり、また該演算回路
32に接続されたプリンタやプロッタなどによって印刷さ
れる。The orientation index η and the orientation angle α calculated by the arithmetic circuit 32 are displayed on display means 33 such as a CRT display connected to the arithmetic circuit 32,
It is printed by a printer or plotter connected to 32.
【００２９】以上により構成したこの発明に係る紙の繊
維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置の実施例につい
て、その作用を以下に説明する。The operation of the embodiment of the method and apparatus for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to the present invention constituted as described above will be described below.
【００３０】投光手段10から紙面1aに対して垂直に検出
光が入射するようにこの繊維配向測定装置を配置する
と、受光手段20がこの検出光の入射光軸を中心とした円
周上に位置した状態となる。そして、投光手段10が作動
すると、半導体レーザ11から発せられた光が偏光子13と
１／４波長板14、偏光子15を順次透過して直線偏光Ｌｉ
が生成される。しかも、これらの光学系によって構成さ
れた投光手段10の偏光子15が入射光軸を中心として回転
しているから、この直線偏光Ｌｉの入射光軸に対する振
動の方向は入射光軸を中心として回転することになる。When the fiber orientation measuring device is arranged so that the detection light is perpendicularly incident on the paper surface 1a from the light projecting means 10, the light receiving means 20 is arranged on the circumference around the optical axis of the detection light. It will be located. Then, when the light projecting means 10 operates, the light emitted from the semiconductor laser 11 sequentially passes through the polarizer 13, the quarter-wave plate 14, and the polarizer 15, and the linearly polarized light Li
Is generated. Moreover, since the polarizer 15 of the light projecting means 10 constituted by these optical systems is rotated about the incident optical axis, the direction of oscillation of the linearly polarized light Li with respect to the incident optical axis is about the incident optical axis. Will rotate.
【００３１】紙面1aに入射した直線偏光Ｌｉは紙の繊維
の表面などでその繊維配向を反映するよう反射する。こ
の反射光のうち直線偏光Ｌｉの振動方向と等しい方向に
振動する直線偏光が入射する受光手段20は、入射光軸と
協働して入反射面を形成する光軸上に配設されているも
のである。そして、直線偏光Ｌｉの振動の方向は偏光子
15の回転によって入射光軸に対して回転しているから、
直線偏光Ｌｉの振動方向と等しい方向に振動する直線偏
光を捕捉できる受光手段20は順次ずれることになる。し
たがって、偏光子15の回転に同期して、入反射面を形成
する光軸上に位置する受光手段20で順次に反射光Ｌｒを
捕捉すれば、該直線偏光Ｌｉの振動方向と等しい方向に
振動する直線偏光を捕捉できる。なお、受光手段20には
偏光子21が備えられており、反射光Ｌｒから直線偏光Ｌ
ｉの振動方向と等しい方向に振動する直線偏光が分離さ
れる。The linearly polarized light Li incident on the paper surface 1a is reflected on the surface of the fiber of the paper so as to reflect the fiber orientation. The light receiving means 20 into which linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light Li of the reflected light is incident is disposed on the optical axis forming the incident / reflective surface in cooperation with the incident optical axis. Things. The direction of vibration of the linearly polarized light Li is a polarizer.
Because it is rotated about the incident optical axis by the rotation of 15,
The light receiving means 20 that can capture the linearly polarized light that oscillates in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light Li is sequentially shifted. Accordingly, if the reflected light Lr is sequentially captured by the light receiving means 20 located on the optical axis forming the incident / reflective surface in synchronization with the rotation of the polarizer 15, the light is vibrated in the same direction as the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light Li. Linearly polarized light can be captured. Incidentally, the light receiving means 20 is provided with a polarizer 21, and the linearly polarized light L
The linearly polarized light oscillating in the direction equal to the oscillation direction of i is separated.
【００３２】また、図２に示すように、受光手段20を等
間隔に配設した場合には、 180°の位置関係で一対の受
光手段20が位置した状態となる場合があり、これらは一
対の受光手段20は偏光子15の回転時に同時に入反射面に
含まれることになるから、これら一対の受光手段20では
ほぼ同時に反射光Ｌｒを捕捉することができる。なお、
受光手段20が等間隔に配設されていない場合であって
も、 180°の位置関係にある一対の受光手段20ではほぼ
同時に反射光Ｌｒを捕捉することができる。そして、こ
れら一対の受光手段20でほぼ同時に反射光Ｌｒを捕捉す
るようにすれば、捕捉した反射光Ｌｒに係る信号処理を
迅速に行なえるので好ましい。As shown in FIG. 2, when the light receiving means 20 are arranged at equal intervals, a pair of light receiving means 20 may be positioned in a 180 ° positional relationship. Since the light receiving means 20 are included in the incident / reflective surface simultaneously when the polarizer 15 rotates, the pair of light receiving means 20 can capture the reflected light Lr almost simultaneously. In addition,
Even if the light receiving means 20 are not arranged at equal intervals, the pair of light receiving means 20 having a positional relationship of 180 ° can capture the reflected light Lr almost simultaneously. It is preferable that the pair of light receiving means 20 capture the reflected light Lr almost simultaneously, because the signal processing relating to the captured reflected light Lr can be performed quickly.
【００３３】そして、反射光Ｌｒが受光手段20で捕捉さ
れ受光素子22に入射すると光電変換されて光情報処理回
路31に入力され、この光強度信号を適宜に信号処理して
演算回路32に送出する。演算回路32では前記数１による
演算が実行されて、繊維配向指数ηと、配向角αとが算
出される。When the reflected light Lr is captured by the light receiving means 20 and enters the light receiving element 22, it is photoelectrically converted and input to the optical information processing circuit 31, where the light intensity signal is appropriately processed and transmitted to the arithmetic circuit 32. I do. In the arithmetic circuit 32, the arithmetic operation according to the above equation 1 is executed, and the fiber orientation index η and the orientation angle α are calculated.
【００３４】１枚の小判に裁断された試料（紙）の配向
特性を測定する場合には、試料を試料台に固定し偏光子
15を１回転させて該試料の所定点について 360°の範囲
で反射光強度に関するデータを採取し、該試料台または
繊維配向測定装置を移動させて順次試料上の所定点につ
いてデータを採取すれば、試料の２次元的な繊維配向分
布を測定できる。また、試料の表裏について測定を行な
えば、試料のワイヤー面とフェルト面についての繊維配
向分布を測定でき、試料の表裏差に関する繊維配向分布
を測定できる。In order to measure the orientation characteristics of a sample (paper) cut into a single oval, the sample is fixed on a sample table and the polarizer is measured.
By rotating 15 one time, data on the reflected light intensity is collected at a predetermined point of the sample within a range of 360 °, and the sample table or the fiber orientation measuring device is moved to sequentially collect data at a predetermined point on the sample. The two-dimensional fiber orientation distribution of the sample can be measured. In addition, if the measurement is performed on the front and back of the sample, the fiber orientation distribution on the wire surface and the felt surface of the sample can be measured, and the fiber orientation distribution on the front and back of the sample can be measured.
【００３５】また、抄紙工程中の紙匹の繊維配向特性を
測定する場合には、抄紙機の幅方向の両側に支柱を設
け、この支柱にガイドレールを掛け渡し、この繊維配向
測定装置を該ガイドレールに案内させて移動自在となる
よう支持させて、抄紙機上に設置すればよい。そして、
この繊維配向測定装置をガイドレールに沿ってクロスマ
シン方向に走査させれば、マシン方向及びクロスマシン
方向に対する紙匹の繊維配向特性を測定することができ
る。この場合、紙匹が移動しているため、紙面の１点に
ついて 360°での測定を行なえない。しかし、抄紙機上
の繊維配向は一定の方向にあるべきであるから、抄紙機
の幅方向の等しい位置では等しい繊維配向が得られるは
ずであり、紙の幅方向に対して所定の繊維配向データが
得られる。すなわち、この繊維配向データから外れるよ
うなデータ得られた場合には、製造されている紙の品質
が所定のものと異なってしまうことになる。さらに、抄
紙工程中の紙匹のワイヤー面側とフェルト面側とにこの
装置を設置して、クロスマシン方向に走査させれば、マ
シン方向及びクロスマシン方向における繊維配向特性の
表裏差を測定できる。なお、走査させない場合には、紙
匹のマシン方向に対する繊維配向特性を測定することが
できる。In order to measure the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper web during the papermaking process, a support is provided on both sides in the width direction of the paper machine, and a guide rail is extended over the support, and the fiber orientation measuring device is used. What is necessary is just to install it on a paper machine, being guided by a guide rail so as to be movable. And
By scanning the fiber orientation measuring device in the cross machine direction along the guide rail, the fiber orientation characteristics of the web in the machine direction and the cross machine direction can be measured. In this case, because the paper web is moving, it is not possible to measure at one point on the paper surface at 360 °. However, since the fiber orientation on the paper machine should be in a certain direction, the same fiber orientation should be obtained at the same position in the width direction of the paper machine. Is obtained. That is, if data deviating from the fiber orientation data is obtained, the quality of the paper being manufactured will be different from the predetermined quality. Furthermore, if this apparatus is installed on the wire side and the felt side of the paper web during the paper making process and is scanned in the cross machine direction, the front-back difference of the fiber orientation characteristics in the machine direction and the cross machine direction can be measured. . When scanning is not performed, the fiber orientation characteristics of the paper web with respect to the machine direction can be measured.
【００３６】次に、図４に示した実施例を説明する。図
４は図１に相当する概略正面図であり、前述した実施例
と同一の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。前
記受光手段20が配設されている位置には、受光部として
偏光子21と反射光入力部41が配設されている。これら反
射光入力部41には光ファイバ42がそれぞれ接続されてお
り、これら光ファイバ42の出力側には受光素子（図示せ
ず）が接続され、光ファイバ42を透過した光が該受光素
子に入射するようにしてある。Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic front view corresponding to FIG. 1, and the same portions as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. At the position where the light receiving unit 20 is provided, a polarizer 21 and a reflected light input unit 41 are provided as a light receiving unit. An optical fiber 42 is connected to each of the reflected light input sections 41, and a light receiving element (not shown) is connected to an output side of the optical fiber 42, and light transmitted through the optical fiber 42 is transmitted to the light receiving element. It is designed to be incident.
【００３７】そして、紙面1aで反射した反射光Ｌｒは偏
光子21を透過し、偏光子21で所定の方向に振動する偏光
に分離されて反射光入射部41に入射される。そして、光
ファイバ42を透過して図示しない受光素子に入射され光
電変換され、前述のものと同様に光情報処理回路31に入
力され、演算回路32により配向指数ηと配向角αとが算
出される。Then, the reflected light Lr reflected on the paper surface 1a passes through the polarizer 21, is separated by the polarizer 21 into polarized light oscillating in a predetermined direction, and is incident on the reflected light incident portion 41. Then, the light passes through the optical fiber 42, is incident on a light-receiving element (not shown), is photoelectrically converted, is input to the optical information processing circuit 31 in the same manner as described above, and the arithmetic circuit 32 calculates the orientation index η and the orientation angle α. You.
【００３８】また、図５に示す実施例では、反射光入力
部41に光ファイバ42を接続し、該光ファイバ42の出力部
43を偏光子21に臨ませ、該偏光子21を透過した直線偏光
が受光素子22に入射するようにしてある。なお、図５も
図１に相当する概略正面図であり、前述した実施例と同
一の部分は同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。この構
造によるものでは、紙面1aで反射した光の偏光特性が出
力部43まで保存される必要があるから、光ファイバ42に
は単一偏波面保存モードのものが用いられている。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an optical fiber 42 is connected to a reflected light input section 41, and an output section of the optical fiber 42 is connected to the optical fiber 42.
43 faces the polarizer 21 so that the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizer 21 enters the light receiving element 22. FIG. 5 is also a schematic front view corresponding to FIG. 1, and the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. In this structure, the polarization characteristic of the light reflected on the paper surface 1a needs to be preserved up to the output unit 43. Therefore, the optical fiber 42 has a single polarization plane preservation mode.
【００３９】したがって、紙面1aで反射した反射光は反
射光入力部41から入射し、光ファイバ42内を、偏光特性
が保持された状態で透過する。そして、出力部43から射
出した反射光は偏光子21を透過することによって入射光
軸Ｌｉと反射光軸Ｌｒとを含む面に対して所定の方向に
振動する偏光に分離され、該分離された偏光が受光素子
22で捕捉される。次いで、受光素子22で光電変換され
て、前述と同様に光情報処理回路31に入力され、演算回
路32により配向指数ηと配向角αとが算出される。Therefore, the reflected light reflected on the paper surface 1a enters from the reflected light input unit 41, and passes through the optical fiber 42 while maintaining the polarization characteristics. The reflected light emitted from the output unit 43 is transmitted through the polarizer 21 and is separated into polarized light that oscillates in a predetermined direction with respect to a plane including the incident optical axis Li and the reflected optical axis Lr. Polarized light receiving element
Captured at 22. Next, the photoelectric conversion is performed by the light receiving element 22 and input to the optical information processing circuit 31 in the same manner as described above, and the arithmetic circuit 32 calculates the orientation index η and the orientation angle α.
【００４０】この光ファイバ42を用いた構成とするもの
では、当該繊維配向測定装置の紙１の近傍に設置される
部分には該光ファイバ42の入力端が配されるだけである
から、当該部分の小型化、軽量化が図られる。このた
め、クロスマシン方向に走査してオンライン測定を行な
う場合に、当該部分を設置するスペースを小さくした
り、装置をクロスマシン方向に駆動する動力を小さくす
ることができる。In the configuration using the optical fiber 42, only the input end of the optical fiber 42 is provided at the portion of the fiber orientation measuring device installed near the paper 1, so that The parts are reduced in size and weight. For this reason, when performing on-line measurement by scanning in the cross-machine direction, it is possible to reduce the space for installing the relevant portion and reduce the power for driving the apparatus in the cross-machine direction.
【００４１】なお、これらの実施例には受光手段20に光
ファイバを用いた構成について説明したが、投光手段10
に光ファイバを用いる構成、あるいは投光手段10と受光
手段20のいずれにも光ファイバを用いる構成とすること
もでき、上記部分の小型化、軽量化をさらに図ることが
できる。In these embodiments, the configuration using the optical fiber for the light receiving means 20 has been described.
Alternatively, a configuration using an optical fiber, or a configuration using an optical fiber for both the light projecting means 10 and the light receiving means 20 can be achieved, and the size and weight of the above-described portion can be further reduced.
【００４２】[0042]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明に係る紙
の繊維配向測定方法及び繊維配向測定装置によれば、入
射光軸を中心として回転する投光手段から直線偏光を繊
維配向を測定すべき紙面に照射し、この投光手段の回転
に同期して、入射光軸を中心とした円周上に配設した受
光手段によって順次に該直線偏光の振動方向と等しい方
向に振動する直線偏光を捕捉するようにしたから、繊維
配向を良好に反映した反射光によって繊維配向を測定で
きる。このため、取得した繊維配向特性の精度を向上さ
せることができる。As described above, according to the method and apparatus for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to the present invention, the fiber orientation is measured using linearly polarized light from the light projecting means rotating about the incident optical axis. The linearly polarized light which irradiates the surface of the paper and is oscillated in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light by the light receiving means arranged on the circumference around the incident optical axis in synchronization with the rotation of the light emitting means. Is captured, the fiber orientation can be measured by reflected light that favorably reflects the fiber orientation. For this reason, the accuracy of the obtained fiber orientation characteristics can be improved.
【００４３】また、上記直線偏光を入反射面に対して垂
直方向に振動する偏光とすれば、紙層内に入射する光量
がさらに少なくなるので、繊維配向をより良好に反映し
た反射光で測定処理を行なうことができる。Further, if the linearly polarized light is polarized light oscillating in the direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface, the amount of light incident on the paper layer is further reduced, so that the measurement is made with reflected light that better reflects the fiber orientation. Processing can be performed.
【図１】この発明に係る紙の繊維配向測定装置の測定部
の概略の構造を示す正面図である。FIG. 1 is a front view showing a schematic structure of a measuring section of a paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の測定部の概
略の構造を示す平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic structure of a measuring unit of the fiber orientation measuring device according to the present invention.
【図３】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の光情報信号
を演算処理する構成を示す概略の回路ブロック図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing a configuration for arithmetically processing an optical information signal of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
【図４】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の他の実施例
を説明するための図で、図１に相当する正面図である。FIG. 4 is a view for explaining another embodiment of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and is a front view corresponding to FIG.
【図５】この発明に係る繊維配向測定装置の別の実施例
を説明するための図で、図１に相当する正面図である。FIG. 5 is a view for explaining another embodiment of the fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and is a front view corresponding to FIG. 1;
１ 紙 1a 紙面 10 投光手段 11 半導体レーザー 12 レンズ 13 偏光子 14 １／４波長板 15 偏光子 20a〜20h 受光手段 21a〜21h 偏光子 22a〜22h 受光素子 31 光情報処理回路 32 演算回路 33 表示手段 41 反射光入力部 42 光ファイバ Ｌｉ 入射光 Ｌｒ 反射光 θｒ 入反射光角度 1 Paper 1a Paper surface 10 Light emitting means 11 Semiconductor laser 12 Lens 13 Polarizer 14 Quarter wave plate 15 Polarizer 20a-20h Light receiving means 21a-21h Polarizer 22a-22h Light receiving element 31 Optical information processing circuit 32 Arithmetic circuit 33 Display Means 41 Reflected light input section 42 Optical fiber Li Incident light Lr Reflected light θr Incident reflected light angle
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 畑野 昭夫 東京都北区王子５丁目21番１号 日本製 紙株式会社 中央研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 平６−257092（ＪＰ，Ａ) 米国特許3807868（ＵＳ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) D21F 7/06 D06H 3/08 G01B 11/26 G01N 21/21 G01N 21/89────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Akio Hatano 5-21-1, Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo Nippon Paper Industries Central Research Laboratory (56) References JP-A-6-257092 (JP, A) USA Patent 3807868 (US, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) D21F 7/06 D06H 3/08 G01B 11/26 G01N 21/21 G01N 21/89
Claims (8)
直に直線偏光からなる検出光を照射するとともに、該直
線偏光の振動方向を、入射光軸を中心として回動させ、 該紙面の前記検出光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上の
少なくとも８ヵ所に配設した受光手段によって、上記紙
面からの反射光から前記直線偏光の振動方向と等しい方
向に振動する直線偏光を分離して順次に捕捉し、 該反射光の強度から繊維配向指数や繊維配向角などの繊
維配向特性を算出することを特徴とする紙の繊維配向測
定方法。1. A method of irradiating linearly polarized detection light perpendicular to the paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and rotating the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light about an incident optical axis. By light receiving means arranged at least eight places on the circumference in the parallel plane centered on the intersection of a plane parallel to the paper plane and the incident optical axis on the incident side of the detection light, the light from the paper plane is Separating linearly polarized light oscillating in the same direction as the oscillation direction of the linearly polarized light from the reflected light and sequentially capturing the same, and calculating fiber orientation characteristics such as a fiber orientation index and a fiber orientation angle from the intensity of the reflected light. Paper fiber orientation measurement method.
向に振動する偏光であることを特徴とする請求項１に記
載の紙の繊維配向測定方法。2. The method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to claim 1, wherein the linearly polarized light is a polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface.
紙面に平行な面と入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記円
周上でほぼ等間隔にある位置において行なうことを特徴
とする請求項１または請求項２のいずれかに記載の紙の
繊維配向測定方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light reflected by the paper surface is captured at positions at substantially equal intervals on the circumference centered on an intersection of a plane parallel to the paper surface and an incident optical axis. The method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper according to claim 1 or 2.
配設した一対の受光手段では、ほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉
することを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれ
かに記載の紙の繊維配向測定方法。4. The light-receiving device according to claim 1, wherein a pair of light-receiving devices arranged in a 180 ° positional relationship among the light-receiving devices capture reflected light substantially simultaneously. A method for measuring the fiber orientation of paper.
直に直線偏光からなる検出光を照射するとともに、入射
光軸を中心として回動する投光手段と、 該紙面の前記検出光の入射側であって紙面に平行な面と
入射光軸との交点を中心とする該平行な面内の円周上に
配設し、受光部が該紙面と入射光軸との交点を臨んで該
紙面によって反射した光を前記直線偏光の振動方向と等
しい方向に振動する直線偏光を分離する偏光子を透過さ
せて該直線偏光を捕捉する少なくとも８個の受光手段
と、 前記受光手段により測定された反射光強度が入力され、
該入力信号を適宜に処理して光強度情報を出力する光情
報処理回路と、 前記光情報処理回路の出力信号から繊維配向指数や繊維
配向角などを算出する演算回路とからなり、 前記投光手段から発せられ紙面で反射した光を、投光手
段の回動位置に応じて、直線偏光を透過する偏光子を備
えた受光手段で順次に捕捉することを特徴とする紙の繊
維配向測定装置。5. A light projecting means for irradiating a detection light composed of linearly polarized light perpendicularly to a paper surface of a stationary or running paper, and rotating about an incident optical axis, and detecting the detection light on the paper surface. Arranged on the circumference in the parallel plane centered on the intersection of the plane of incidence and the plane parallel to the paper and the incident optical axis on the incident side, and the light receiving unit faces the intersection of the plane of paper and the incident optical axis. At least eight light receiving means for transmitting the light reflected by the paper surface through a polarizer for separating linearly polarized light oscillating in a direction equal to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light and capturing the linearly polarized light; Reflected light intensity is input,
An optical information processing circuit that appropriately processes the input signal and outputs light intensity information; and an arithmetic circuit that calculates a fiber orientation index, a fiber orientation angle, and the like from an output signal of the optical information processing circuit, Paper light orientation measuring device characterized in that light emitted from the means and reflected on the paper surface is sequentially captured by light receiving means provided with a polarizer transmitting linearly polarized light according to the rotation position of the light projecting means. .
向に振動する偏光であることを特徴とする請求項５に記
載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。6. The paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the linearly polarized light is a polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the incident / reflective surface.
入射光軸との交点を中心とする前記円周上にほぼ等間隔
に配設したことを特徴とする請求項５または請求項６の
いずれかに記載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。7. The light receiving means according to claim 5, wherein said light receiving means are arranged at substantially equal intervals on said circumference centering on an intersection point of a plane parallel to said paper surface and an incident optical axis. 7. The paper fiber orientation measuring apparatus according to any one of 6.
配設した一対の受光手段では、ほぼ同時に反射光を捕捉
することを特徴とする請求項５ないし請求項７のいずれ
かに記載の紙の繊維配向測定装置。8. The light-receiving device according to claim 5, wherein a pair of light-receiving devices arranged at a positional relationship of 180 ° among the light-receiving devices capture reflected light substantially simultaneously. Paper fiber orientation measuring device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12586594A JP2801143B2 (en) | 1994-05-17 | 1994-05-17 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12586594A JP2801143B2 (en) | 1994-05-17 | 1994-05-17 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07311143A JPH07311143A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
| JP2801143B2 true JP2801143B2 (en) | 1998-09-21 |
Family
ID=14920856
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12586594A Expired - Fee Related JP2801143B2 (en) | 1994-05-17 | 1994-05-17 | Paper fiber orientation measuring method and fiber orientation measuring device |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2801143B2 (en) |
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| US8335442B2 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2012-12-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Hard imaging devices and hard imaging methods |
-
1994
- 1994-05-17 JP JP12586594A patent/JP2801143B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPH07311143A (en) | 1995-11-28 |
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