JP2770946B2 - Cutting method - Google Patents

Cutting method

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Publication number
JP2770946B2
JP2770946B2 JP63013412A JP1341288A JP2770946B2 JP 2770946 B2 JP2770946 B2 JP 2770946B2 JP 63013412 A JP63013412 A JP 63013412A JP 1341288 A JP1341288 A JP 1341288A JP 2770946 B2 JP2770946 B2 JP 2770946B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
tool
point
cutting
processing
machined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP63013412A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01188248A (en
Inventor
康治 藤本
龍彦 角尾
和裕 五十嵐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP63013412A priority Critical patent/JP2770946B2/en
Publication of JPH01188248A publication Critical patent/JPH01188248A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2770946B2 publication Critical patent/JP2770946B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は数値制御による平面あるいは曲面の切削加工
方法に関するものである。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cutting a flat or curved surface by numerical control.

従来の技術 近年、切削加工においても数値制御(NC)化が進み、
切削加工の自動化が普及しつつある。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, numerical control (NC) has progressed in cutting,
Automation of cutting processing is spreading.

NC加工を行なう場合、NC工作機械の動きを制御するた
めに、事前にNC情報を作成する必要があり、通常は人手
または自動プログラミングシステムを用いて、このNC情
報が作成されている。このNC情報は通常、主として加工
する面に工具が接するときの工具の軸心上で工具先端部
の座標値を絶対値あるいは相対値としてNC制御装置の理
解できるコードで列記したものと、NC工作機械を制御す
る他のコード(M機能など)とから構成されている。
When performing NC machining, it is necessary to create NC information in advance in order to control the movement of the NC machine tool, and this NC information is usually created manually or using an automatic programming system. Normally, this NC information mainly lists the coordinate value of the tool tip as an absolute value or relative value on the axis of the tool when the tool comes into contact with the surface to be machined as a code that can be understood by the NC controller, And other codes (such as the M function) for controlling the machine.

第6図は工具と加工面の関係を示す斜視図、第7図に
その部分的詳細を示す断面図である。第6図および第7
図において、1は工具、2はチャック、3は工作機械の
主軸、4は加工面、5は工具1と加工面4との接触点、
6は工具1の軸心上の先端部である。
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the tool and the processing surface, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a partial detail thereof. FIG. 6 and FIG.
In the drawing, 1 is a tool, 2 is a chuck, 3 is a spindle of a machine tool, 4 is a machining surface, 5 is a contact point between the tool 1 and the machining surface 4,
Reference numeral 6 denotes a tip on the axis of the tool 1.

発明が解決しようとする課題 しかしながら、工具1および工作機械の主軸3、チャ
ック2は弾性体であり、工具1による面切削においては
常に先端部6が接触点5より遅れて移動しながら切削加
工を行っているのが実体である。したがって、切削抵抗
の減少により、工具部分の弾性変形量が減少すると、相
対的にその部分は加工面に傷が入ってしまうため、高精
度の面加工においては精度が保てず、その傷を除くため
にそれ以外の部分の面にも手修正をかける必要があり、
時間もかかるし、精度も維持しにくいという問題を有し
ている。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the tool 1, the main shaft 3 of the machine tool, and the chuck 2 are elastic bodies, and in the surface cutting with the tool 1, the cutting process is performed while the tip 6 always moves later than the contact point 5. What you are doing is the entity. Therefore, if the amount of elastic deformation of the tool part decreases due to a decrease in cutting resistance, the part will be relatively scratched on the machined surface. In order to remove it, it is necessary to make manual corrections on the other parts,
There is a problem that it takes time and it is difficult to maintain accuracy.

本発明は上記問題を解決するもので、高精度の必要な
面をNCによる切削加工で容易に実現し、あるいは手修正
の時間を極減することのできる切削加工方法を提供する
ことを目的とするものである。
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and to provide a cutting method capable of easily realizing a required surface with high precision by NC cutting, or capable of minimizing the time for manual correction. Is what you do.

課題を解決するための手段 上記問題を解決するために本発明の切削加工方法は、
加工面に接する工具の移動軌跡のベクトルが急激に変化
する部分の直前で工具を加工すべき面からこの面の接線
方向以外の方向に微少量離し、急激に変化しなくなる部
分で工具を加工すべき面に再び接触させるように移動軌
跡を修正し、事前に作られた工具の移動軌跡に沿って実
際の加工を行うものである。
Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the cutting method of the present invention,
Immediately before the part where the vector of the movement trajectory of the tool in contact with the processing surface suddenly changes, the tool is slightly separated from the surface to be processed in a direction other than the tangential direction of this surface, and the tool is processed in the part where it does not change suddenly. The movement locus is corrected so as to make contact with the power surface again, and actual machining is performed along the movement locus of the tool created in advance.

作用 上記構成により、工具が加工面に接しながら急激な方
向転換などで変化をする部分で、工具を加工面からこの
面の接線方向以外の方向に微少量離すので、工具部分の
弾性変形量が減少することにより、加工面に傷を与えて
しまうといった不測の事態を避けることができ、手修正
の必要をほとんどなくすことができる。
Function With the above configuration, the tool is slightly separated from the processing surface in a direction other than the tangential direction of this surface at the part where the tool changes due to a sudden change of direction etc. while contacting the processing surface. By the reduction, an unexpected situation such as damaging the machined surface can be avoided, and the need for manual correction can be almost eliminated.

実施例 以下本発明の一実施例の切削加工方法について、図面
を参照しながら説明する。
Embodiment Hereinafter, a cutting method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第1図(a)〜(c)は本発明の一実施例における切
削加工方法を行なう面とその加工工具の軌跡を示すもの
であり、それぞれ切削加工を行う面4の平面図、断面
図、斜視図である。この面4を加工するには通常ボール
エンドミルを使用し、加工面4に接触する工具先端部の
座標を一定の輪郭に沿って求め、その座標列を1つの閉
じた形状毎にまとめ、これをさらに接続していき、NC制
御装置の理解できるコードに変換し、NC工作機械を制御
する他のコードとともに1つのNC情報として完成され
る。これをNC工作機械におけて、その工具でもって加工
面4を切削加工する。
1 (a) to 1 (c) show a surface on which a cutting method is performed according to an embodiment of the present invention and a trajectory of the processing tool. It is a perspective view. In order to machine this surface 4, a ball end mill is usually used, the coordinates of the tip of the tool that comes into contact with the machining surface 4 are determined along a fixed contour, and the coordinate sequence is grouped into one closed shape. Further connections are made, converted into codes that can be understood by the NC control device, and completed as one NC information together with other codes that control the NC machine tool. This is used in an NC machine tool to cut the machined surface 4 with the tool.

第1図において、実際に切削加工を行うと、輪郭の接
続部分Aに0.01〜0.1mmの傷が入ってしまい、高精度の
面加工にとっては致命傷となる。
In FIG. 1, if cutting is actually performed, a scratch of 0.01 to 0.1 mm is made in the connection portion A of the contour, which is fatal to high-precision surface processing.

第2図は加工面4に接触する工具1の先端部の移動軌
跡を示したものである。工具先端部の座標の一部分をP1
(x1,y1,z1),P2(x2,y2,z2),P3(x3,y3,z3)とする。
点P1と点P2を結ぶ直線L1と点P2と点P3点を結ぶ直線L2と
でできる平面をHとし、点P1から点P2への方向を とし、点P2から点P3への方向を とする。平面H上における とのベクトル変更角度をΔVとすると、経験的にΔVの
値がある角度、たとえば10〜30度を超えると、点P2で工
具の瞬間的な停止が起こり、点P2で加工面4に傷が入っ
てしまう。
FIG. 2 shows the movement trajectory of the tip of the tool 1 that contacts the processing surface 4. Part of the coordinates of the tool tip is P1
(X1, y1, z1), P2 (x2, y2, z2), and P3 (x3, y3, z3).
A plane formed by a straight line L1 connecting the points P1 and P2 and a straight line L2 connecting the points P2 and P3 is defined as H, and a direction from the point P1 to the point P2 is defined as H. And the direction from point P2 to point P3 And On the plane H If the value of ΔV exceeds a certain angle, for example, 10 to 30 degrees, the tool instantaneously stops at point P2, and the machining surface 4 is damaged at point P2. I will enter.

そこで、すでに作成された座標群の中から連続した3
点を選び、ベクトル変更角度ΔVを算出し、この値があ
る角度を超えている場合には、中間の点(前記例ではP
2)の位置を平面Hに対して微少量(0.01〜0.1mm)離す
ことによって、点P2で発生する本来の加工面への傷を防
止することができる。第2図の点P2を平面Hから離した
点をP4とした場合の例を第3図に示す。第3図におい
て、L′は本来の工具軌跡、Lは修正した工具軌跡を示
す。この処理を全ての点群に対して行い、NC情報として
作り直すことによって、必要な加工面を切削加工で得る
ことができる。
Therefore, three consecutive coordinates from the already created coordinate group
A point is selected, a vector change angle ΔV is calculated, and when this value exceeds a certain angle, an intermediate point (P in the above example)
By displacing the position 2) by a very small amount (0.01 to 0.1 mm) with respect to the plane H, it is possible to prevent the original processing surface from being damaged at the point P2. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the point P2 in FIG. 2 away from the plane H is P4. In FIG. 3, L 'indicates the original tool path, and L indicates the corrected tool path. By performing this process for all the point clouds and recreating it as NC information, a required machined surface can be obtained by cutting.

ここで、微少に離す方向として、面の法線方向あるい
は特定の軸方向(X軸、Y軸、Z軸など)であり、必要
に応じて選定すればよい。また、微少量についても、工
具、素材、加工条件、加工代などによって異なってく
る。また、点群に対して修正をかけるタイミングとし
て、すでに作成したNC情報から行う場合もあるし、NC情
報を作成しながら行う場合もある。
Here, the direction of slight separation is the normal direction of the surface or a specific axial direction (X axis, Y axis, Z axis, etc.), and may be selected as needed. In addition, the minute amount also varies depending on the tool, material, processing conditions, processing allowance, and the like. In addition, the timing for correcting the point cloud may be performed from the already generated NC information, or may be performed while generating the NC information.

第4図は連続した複数の点を加工面から離した例を示
す。点P1,P2,P3,P5が工具が加工面に接する点であり、
点P4は点P1,P2,P3で作られる平面に対して点P2を一定量
離した点であり、点P6は点P2,P3,P5で作られる平面に対
して点P3を一定量離した点である。
FIG. 4 shows an example in which a plurality of continuous points are separated from the processing surface. The points P1, P2, P3, P5 are the points where the tool touches the machined surface,
Point P4 is a point separated by a fixed amount from point P2 with respect to the plane formed by points P1, P2, and P3, and point P6 is a point separated by a certain amount from point P3 with respect to the plane formed by points P2, P3, and P5 Is a point.

第5図は加工面から離れる範囲を少なくし、手修正に
よる曲面修正の範囲を少なくするために途中に新しい点
を設けた例を示す。点P1〜P6は第4図と同一であるが、
点P1とP2を結んだ軌跡上で点P2と一定距離はなれた点を
P7とし、点P3と点P5を結んだ軌跡上で点P3と一定距離は
なれた点をP8とする。この場合の新しい軌跡は点P1,P7,
P4,P6,P8,P5となる。
FIG. 5 shows an example in which a new point is provided in the middle to reduce the range away from the processing surface and the range of the curved surface correction by manual correction. Points P1 to P6 are the same as in FIG.
A point at a certain distance from point P2 on the locus connecting points P1 and P2
P7 is set, and a point separated from the point P3 by a fixed distance on a locus connecting the points P3 and P5 is set to P8. The new trajectory in this case is the points P1, P7,
P4, P6, P8, and P5.

このように本実施例によれば、数値制御による面の切
削加工において、加工面に接する工具の移動軌跡のベク
トルが急激に変化する部分の直前で工具を加工すべき面
から微少量離すように工具を制御することにより、従来
の方法ではどうしても避けられなかった加工面への傷発
生を防止することができる。
As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the cutting of a surface by numerical control, the tool is slightly separated from the surface to be machined immediately before the portion where the vector of the movement trajectory of the tool in contact with the machining surface changes abruptly. By controlling the tool, it is possible to prevent the generation of scratches on the machined surface, which cannot be avoided by the conventional method.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明によれば、加工面に接する工具の
移動軌跡のベクトルが急激に変化する部分の直前で工具
の移動軌跡を加工面からこの面の接線方向以外の方向に
微少量離すように変更することにより、工具が急激な方
向転換をする部分に発生する加工面への傷を防止あるい
は極減することができ、また事前に作られた工具の移動
軌跡を用いて、工具軌跡の修正ができるので、加工面の
情報が不要であり、汎用性が高く、しかも工具移動軌跡
が急激に変化する部分の直前或いは変化しなくなる部分
で工具を面の接線以外の方向すなわち法線方向或いはZ
軸方向等に離すので、アルゴリズムが単純であり、通常
用いられる同時3軸の数値制御加工で実用性が高いもの
とすることができる。
Effects of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, the tool movement trajectory is finely adjusted in the direction other than the tangential direction of the work surface from the work surface immediately before the portion where the vector of the movement trajectory of the tool in contact with the work surface suddenly changes. By changing to a small distance, it is possible to prevent or minimize the damage to the machined surface that occurs in the part where the tool suddenly changes direction, and using the tool trajectory made in advance, Since the tool trajectory can be modified, information on the machined surface is not required, and the versatility is high. In addition, the tool is moved in a direction other than the tangent of the surface, i. Line direction or Z
Since it is separated in the axial direction or the like, the algorithm is simple, and it is possible to increase the practicability in commonly used simultaneous three-axis numerical control machining.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図(a)〜(c)は本発明の一実施例における切削
加工方法を行う面とその加工工具の軌跡を示す平面図、
断面図および斜視図、第2図は面に接触する工具の先端
部の移動軌跡の説明図、第3図は第2図において工具の
先端部を加工面から微少量離すことの説明図、第4図は
連続した複数の点を加工面から離す他の実施例の説明
図、第5図は加工面から離れる範囲を少なくするさらに
他の実施例の説明図、第6図は工具と加工面の関係を示
す斜視図、第7図はその部分的詳細を示す断面図であ
る。 1……工具、2……チャック、3……工作機械の主軸、
4……加工面、5……接触点、6……工具先端部、P4,P
6……加工面から一定量離した点。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c) are plan views showing a surface on which a cutting method is performed according to an embodiment of the present invention and a locus of a processing tool;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a movement trajectory of a tip of a tool that contacts a surface, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of separating a tip of a tool from a machining surface by a small amount in FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of another embodiment in which a plurality of continuous points are separated from the processing surface, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of another embodiment in which the range away from the processing surface is reduced, and FIG. 6 is a tool and a processing surface. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a partial detail of FIG. 1 ... Tool, 2 ... Chuck, 3 ... Spindle of machine tool,
4 ... machined surface, 5 ... contact point, 6 ... tool tip, P4, P
6 ... A point separated by a certain amount from the processing surface.

フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) B23Q 15/00 B23Q 15/00 307 B23Q 15/013 B23Q 15/18Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) B23Q 15/00 B23Q 15/00 307 B23Q 15/013 B23Q 15/18

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】数値制御による平面あるいは曲面の切削加
工方法であって、事前に作られた工具の移動軌跡に沿っ
て実際の加工を行うに際し、加工面に接する工具の移動
軌跡のベクトルが急激に変化する部分の直前で工具を加
工すべき面からこの面の接線方向以外の方向に微少量離
し、急激に変化しなくなる部分で工具を加工すべき面に
再び接触させるように移動軌跡を修正する切削加工方
法。
1. A method for cutting a plane or a curved surface by numerical control, wherein a vector of a moving trajectory of a tool in contact with a processing surface is abrupt when performing actual processing along a moving trajectory of a tool created in advance. The trajectory is corrected so that the tool is slightly separated from the surface to be machined in a direction other than the tangential direction of this surface just before the part where it changes to, and the tool comes into contact with the surface to be machined again at the part where it does not change suddenly Cutting method.
JP63013412A 1988-01-22 1988-01-22 Cutting method Expired - Lifetime JP2770946B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63013412A JP2770946B2 (en) 1988-01-22 1988-01-22 Cutting method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63013412A JP2770946B2 (en) 1988-01-22 1988-01-22 Cutting method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01188248A JPH01188248A (en) 1989-07-27
JP2770946B2 true JP2770946B2 (en) 1998-07-02

Family

ID=11832421

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63013412A Expired - Lifetime JP2770946B2 (en) 1988-01-22 1988-01-22 Cutting method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2770946B2 (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57194855A (en) * 1981-05-27 1982-11-30 Fanuc Ltd Numerical control system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01188248A (en) 1989-07-27

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