JP2724406B2 - Gear transmission - Google Patents
Gear transmissionInfo
- Publication number
- JP2724406B2 JP2724406B2 JP1152811A JP15281189A JP2724406B2 JP 2724406 B2 JP2724406 B2 JP 2724406B2 JP 1152811 A JP1152811 A JP 1152811A JP 15281189 A JP15281189 A JP 15281189A JP 2724406 B2 JP2724406 B2 JP 2724406B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- shaft
- output shaft
- input shaft
- transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
- F16H3/0915—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
Landscapes
- Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は歯車変速機、特にFR式車両に好適な歯車変速
機に関するものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a gear transmission, particularly to a gear transmission suitable for an FR type vehicle.
従来、FR式車両に使用されている歯車変速機の場合、
入力軸と出力軸とが同軸上に配置され、これら軸と平行
に副軸が配置されており、出力軸を入力軸によって直接
駆動する直結段と、副軸を介して出力軸を駆動する複数
の変速段とを切り換え可能な同期装置が設けられてい
る。Conventionally, in the case of gear transmissions used in FR type vehicles,
An input shaft and an output shaft are coaxially arranged, and a sub-shaft is arranged in parallel with these axes, and a direct connection stage in which the output shaft is directly driven by the input shaft, and a plurality of which directly drives the output shaft through the sub-shaft. A synchronizing device capable of switching between the gears is provided.
上記入力軸の後端部に設けた減速駆動歯車は副軸の前
端部に設けた減速従動歯車と常時噛み合っており、一
方、出力軸は入力軸より長く、上記副軸の減速従動歯車
近傍まで延長されている。そして、各種変速段の同期装
置が出力軸上に配置されている。The reduction drive gear provided at the rear end of the input shaft is always meshed with the reduction driven gear provided at the front end of the auxiliary shaft, while the output shaft is longer than the input shaft and extends to the vicinity of the reduction driven gear of the auxiliary shaft. Has been extended. In addition, synchronizers at various speeds are arranged on the output shaft.
ところが、上記構造の歯車変速機の場合には、副軸が
減速歯車対にりトルク増幅されて駆動され、さらに各変
速歯車対の減速比によりトルク増幅されるため、出力軸
上の同期装置に作用する慣性重量が大きくなり、同期装
置の同期性能を低下させるという問題がある。However, in the case of the gear transmission having the above-described structure, the countershaft is driven with the torque amplified by the reduction gear pair, and further, the torque is amplified by the reduction ratio of each transmission gear pair. There is a problem that the acting inertial weight increases and the synchronization performance of the synchronization device is reduced.
このような問題点を解決するため、特公昭55−50225
号公報に記載のように、入力軸を出力軸より長くし、か
つ各種変速段の同期装置を入力軸または副軸上に配置す
ることにより、同期装置の同期性能を向上させたものが
提案されている。In order to solve such problems, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-50225
As described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. H10-205, a device has been proposed in which the input shaft is longer than the output shaft, and synchronizers at various speeds are arranged on the input shaft or the countershaft to improve the synchronization performance of the synchronizer. ing.
ところが、上記変速機の欠点は、直結段において慣性
の大きな副軸が空転することである。つまり、上記変速
機の場合には、副軸の後端部に設けた減速駆動歯車と出
力軸に設けた減速従動歯車とが常時噛み合っているた
め、直結時に動力伝達に全く寄与しない副軸が高速で回
転し、高効率化が要求される直結段における動力損失を
伴うという欠点がある。However, a disadvantage of the above-described transmission is that the countershaft with large inertia runs idle at the directly connected stage. In other words, in the case of the above-mentioned transmission, since the reduction drive gear provided at the rear end of the auxiliary shaft and the reduction driven gear provided at the output shaft are always meshed, the auxiliary shaft which does not contribute to power transmission at all when directly connected is provided. It has the drawback that it rotates at high speed and involves power loss in a directly connected stage where high efficiency is required.
そこで、本発明の目的は、同期装置の同期性能を向上
させるとともに、直結時に副軸回転による動力損失を解
消し、燃費向上を図ることができる歯車変速機を提供す
ることにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a gear transmission capable of improving the synchronizing performance of a synchronizing device, eliminating power loss due to rotation of a countershaft when directly connected, and improving fuel efficiency.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、副軸の後端部
に減速駆動歯車を設け、入力軸の後端部を上記減速駆動
歯車付近まで後方へ延長し、出力軸の前端部に、副軸の
減速駆動歯車と常時噛み合う減速従動歯車を回転自在に
支持し、入力軸の後端部と出力軸の前端部との間に、入
力軸と出力軸とを連結する直結段と、出力軸と減速従動
歯車とを連結する比直結段とを切り換える直接用同期装
置を設け、入力軸と出力軸との間に、直結段以外の変速
段を構成する複数の変速歯車列およびこれら変速歯車列
を選択的に切り換える変速用同期装置を設けたものであ
る。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reduction drive gear at the rear end of the countershaft, extends the rear end of the input shaft rearward to near the reduction drive gear, and at the front end of the output shaft, A direct connection stage that rotatably supports a reduction driven gear that always meshes with the reduction drive gear of the countershaft, and connects the input shaft and the output shaft between the rear end of the input shaft and the front end of the output shaft; A plurality of transmission gear trains and a plurality of transmission gears that constitute a speed change step other than the direct connection step between an input shaft and an output shaft, provided with a direct synchronizer for switching between a direct connection step that connects a shaft and a reduction driven gear; A shift synchronizing device for selectively switching a row is provided.
本発明によれば、直結用同期装置を直結段側へ切り換
えれば、入力軸と出力軸とが連結されると同時に、出力
軸と減速従動歯車との間が遮断されるので、出力軸が回
転しても減速従動歯車は回転しない。つまり、この減速
従動歯車と常時噛み合っている減速駆動歯車が回転せ
ず、副軸も回転しない。したがって、直結時に動力伝達
に寄与しない副軸は停止しており、動力損失を低減でき
る。According to the present invention, when the direct-linking synchronizer is switched to the direct-link stage, the input shaft and the output shaft are connected, and at the same time, the output shaft and the reduction driven gear are disconnected. Even if it rotates, the reduction driven gear does not rotate. That is, the reduction drive gear always meshed with the reduction driven gear does not rotate, and the sub shaft does not rotate. Therefore, the sub-shaft that does not contribute to power transmission at the time of direct connection is stopped, and power loss can be reduced.
また、入力軸を後方へ延長し、各変速段の変速用同期
装置を入力軸と副軸との間に配置したので、変速用同期
装置に作用する慣性重量が小さくなり、変速用同期装置
の同期性能を向上させることができる。In addition, since the input shaft is extended rearward and the shift synchronizing devices at the respective gears are arranged between the input shaft and the countershaft, the inertial weight acting on the shift synchronizing device is reduced, and the speed synchronizing device is Synchronization performance can be improved.
第１図は本発明を前進５速，後退１速の変速段を有す
るFR式歯車変速機に適用した一例を示し、第５速が直結
段である。FIG. 1 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to an FR-type gear transmission having five forward speeds and one reverse speed, and the fifth speed is a direct connection stage.
エンジン出力軸１の端部にはフライホイール２が固定
され、フライホイール２はクラッチ３を介して入力軸４
と連結されている。出力軸５は入力軸４と同軸上に配置
されており、これら軸4,5と平行に副軸６が配置されて
いる。A flywheel 2 is fixed to an end of the engine output shaft 1, and the flywheel 2 is connected to an input shaft 4 via a clutch 3.
Is linked to The output shaft 5 is arranged coaxially with the input shaft 4, and a sub shaft 6 is arranged in parallel with the shafts 4 and 5.
入力軸４の中央部には第１速歯車７と後退用歯車８と
第２速歯車９とが一体形成されている。また、入力軸４
の後端部上には第３速歯車10と第４速歯車11とが回転自
在に支持されており、これら歯車10,11を入力軸４に対
して選択的に連結する３−４速切換用同期装置12が設け
られている。入力軸４の後端部端末は出力軸５の凹部内
に挿入され、ニードルベアリング13によって回転自在に
支持されている。A first speed gear 7, a reverse gear 8, and a second speed gear 9 are integrally formed at the center of the input shaft 4. Also, input shaft 4
A third-speed gear 10 and a fourth-speed gear 11 are rotatably supported on the rear end of the gear, and a 3-4 speed switch for selectively connecting these gears 10 and 11 to the input shaft 4 is provided. Synchronization device 12 is provided. The rear end of the input shaft 4 is inserted into the recess of the output shaft 5 and is rotatably supported by a needle bearing 13.
出力軸５の前端部上には減速従動歯車14が回転自在な
支持されており、入力軸４と出力軸５との間には、両軸
を選択的に連結する直結段（第５速）と、出力軸５と減
速従動歯車14とを連結する非直結段とを切り換える同期
装置15が設けられている。出力軸５の後端部はドライブ
シャフト等の図示しない伝動機構を介して車輪と連結さ
れている。A reduction driven gear 14 is rotatably supported on the front end of the output shaft 5, and a direct connection stage (fifth speed) between the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 for selectively connecting both shafts. And a synchronizer 15 for switching between a non-directly connected stage that connects the output shaft 5 and the reduction driven gear 14. The rear end of the output shaft 5 is connected to wheels via a transmission mechanism (not shown) such as a drive shaft.
副軸６の前端部には、第１速歯車７と第２速歯車９に
それぞれ噛み合う変速歯車16,17が回転自在に支持され
ており、両変速歯車16,17を副軸６に対して選択的に連
結する１−２速切換用同期装置18が設けられている。な
お、この同期装置18のスリーブ19には後退用歯車19aが
一体に形成されており、この歯車19aは図示しないアイ
ドルギヤを介して入力軸４に一体形成した後退用歯車８
と噛み合い可能である。また、副軸６の中央部には、第
３速歯車10と第４速歯車11にそれぞれ噛み合う変速歯車
20,21が一体に形成されており、さらに副軸６の後端部
には出力軸５の減速従動歯車14と常時噛み合う減速駆動
歯車22が一体形成されている。At the front end of the countershaft 6, there are rotatably supported speed change gears 16, 17 meshing with the first speed gear 7 and the second speed gear 9, respectively. A 1-2 speed switching synchronizer 18 is provided which is selectively coupled. A reversing gear 19a is formed integrally with the sleeve 19 of the synchronizer 18, and the reversing gear 19a is formed integrally with the input shaft 4 via an idle gear (not shown).
It is possible to engage with. In the center of the countershaft 6, a speed change gear that meshes with the third speed gear 10 and the fourth speed gear 11, respectively.
20 and 21 are integrally formed, and a reduction drive gear 22 which is always meshed with the reduction driven gear 14 of the output shaft 5 is integrally formed at the rear end of the sub shaft 6.
上記クラッチ３は第１ケース30内に収容され、上記歯
車群は第１ケース30の後端面に固定された第２ケース31
内に収容されている。第２ケース31の後端面には第３ケ
ース32が固定されており、この第３ケース32から出力軸
５が突出している。そして、入力軸４はベアリング33を
介して第１ケース30で支持され、出力軸５はベアリング
34を介して第２ケース31で支持され、さらに副軸６の両
端はベアリング35,36を介して第１ケース30と第２ケー
ス31とで支持されている。The clutch 3 is housed in a first case 30, and the gear group is a second case 31 fixed to a rear end face of the first case 30.
Housed within. A third case 32 is fixed to the rear end surface of the second case 31, and the output shaft 5 protrudes from the third case 32. The input shaft 4 is supported by the first case 30 via a bearing 33, and the output shaft 5 is
The second shaft 31 is supported by the second case 31 via 34, and both ends of the counter shaft 6 are supported by the first case 30 and the second case 31 via bearings 35 and 36.
次に、上記構成の歯車変速機の動作について説明す
る。Next, the operation of the gear transmission having the above configuration will be described.
まず、アイドリング時には各同期装置12,15,18が中立
位置にあるため、出力軸５と副軸６が停止しており、入
力軸４上に配置された第３速歯車10と第４速歯車11も停
止している。そして、副軸６上に配置された第１速歯車
16および第２速歯車17は空転するが、他の歯車は空転し
ないため、エンジンの回転変動に伴う歯打ち音は少な
い。First, since the synchronizers 12, 15, and 18 are at the neutral position during idling, the output shaft 5 and the sub shaft 6 are stopped, and the third speed gear 10 and the fourth speed gear 11 has also stopped. And a first speed gear disposed on the countershaft 6
The 16th gear and the second speed gear 17 idle, but the other gears do not idle, so that the rattling noise due to the engine rotation fluctuation is small.
第１速と第２速との切換は同期装置18のスリーブ19を
軸方向に作動させることにより行う。また、後退駆動は
スリーブ19を中立位置で保持することにより行う。さら
に、第３速と第４速との切換は、同期装置12のスリーブ
を軸方向に作動させることにより行う。いずれの場合
も、直結切換用の同期装置15は右方へ作動され、入力軸
４と出力軸５とが遮断されるとともに、出力軸５と減速
従動歯車14とが連結される。その結果、出力軸５が副軸
６を介して入力軸４にて駆動され、しかも減速歯車対1
4,22は副軸６と出力軸５との間に設けられているので、
同期装置12,18には減速歯車14,22の減速比の影響が及ば
ない。つまり、同期装置12,18に作用する慣性重量が小
さくなり、同期性能を向上させることができる。Switching between the first speed and the second speed is performed by operating the sleeve 19 of the synchronizer 18 in the axial direction. The backward drive is performed by holding the sleeve 19 at the neutral position. Further, the switching between the third speed and the fourth speed is performed by operating the sleeve of the synchronizer 12 in the axial direction. In any case, the direct connection switching synchronizing device 15 is operated to the right, the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are cut off, and the output shaft 5 and the reduction driven gear 14 are connected. As a result, the output shaft 5 is driven by the input shaft 4 via the sub shaft 6, and the reduction gear pair 1
4, 22 are provided between the sub shaft 6 and the output shaft 5,
The synchronizers 12 and 18 are not affected by the reduction ratio of the reduction gears 14 and 22. That is, the inertial weight acting on the synchronizers 12, 18 is reduced, and the synchronization performance can be improved.
また、直結時には直結切換用の同期装置15は左方へ作
動され、入力軸４と出力軸５とが連結されるとともに、
出力軸５と減速従動歯車14とが遮断される。つまり、出
力軸５が回転しても減速従動歯車14は回転せず、この減
速従動歯車14と常時噛み合う減速駆動歯車22も回転せ
ず、副軸６も回転しない。したがって、直結時に動力伝
達に寄与しない副軸６は停止しており、動力損失を最小
限まで低減できる。Further, at the time of direct connection, the synchronization device 15 for direct connection switching is operated to the left, and the input shaft 4 and the output shaft 5 are connected,
The output shaft 5 and the reduction driven gear 14 are cut off. That is, even when the output shaft 5 rotates, the reduction driven gear 14 does not rotate, the reduction drive gear 22 that always meshes with the reduction driven gear 14 does not rotate, and the sub shaft 6 does not rotate. Therefore, the sub-shaft 6 that does not contribute to power transmission during direct connection is stopped, and power loss can be reduced to a minimum.
上記実施例では、第１−２速切換用同期装置18を副軸
６上に設け、３−４速切換用同期装置12を入力軸４上に
設けたが、両方の同期装置を入力軸４あるいは副軸６上
に設けてもよい。In the above embodiment, the first-second speed switching synchronizer 18 is provided on the auxiliary shaft 6 and the third-fourth speed switching synchronizer 12 is provided on the input shaft 4. Alternatively, it may be provided on the sub shaft 6.
また、本発明は前進５速（第５速が直結），後退１速
の変速機に限らず、これ以外の変速段を有する変速機に
も適用できることは言うまでもない。Further, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied not only to the transmission with the fifth forward speed (the fifth speed is directly connected) and the first reverse speed, but also to a transmission having other speeds.
以上の説明で明らかなように、本発明によれば、入力
軸と出力軸との間に、入力軸と出力軸とを連結する直接
段と出力軸と減速従動歯車とを連結する非直結段とを切
り換える同期装置を設けたので、直結時に副軸を回転さ
せないようにすることができ、副軸の慣性による動力損
失が低減される。そのため、効率的な直結駆動を実現で
き、燃費を改善できる。As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, between the input shaft and the output shaft, the direct stage connecting the input shaft and the output shaft, and the non-direct stage connecting the output shaft and the reduction driven gear are connected. Is provided, so that the sub-shaft can be prevented from rotating during direct connection, and power loss due to inertia of the sub-shaft is reduced. Therefore, efficient direct drive can be realized, and fuel efficiency can be improved.
さらに、入力軸と出力軸との間に１個の同期装置を設
けるだけで直結切り換えができるので、構造が簡素とな
るだけでなく、上記同期装置を他の変速段を切り換える
同期装置と同様の操作力で切り換えることができる。Furthermore, direct connection switching can be performed only by providing one synchronizer between the input shaft and the output shaft, so that not only the structure is simplified, but also the synchronizer is the same as a synchronizer that switches other shift stages. It can be switched by operating force.
また、入力軸を後方へ延長し、各変速段の同期装置を
入力軸と副軸との間に配置したので、同期装置に作用す
る慣性重量が小さくなり、同期装置の同期性能を向上さ
せることができる。In addition, since the input shaft is extended rearward and the synchronizer for each speed stage is disposed between the input shaft and the countershaft, the inertial weight acting on the synchronizer is reduced, and the synchronization performance of the synchronizer is improved. Can be.
第１図は本発明にかかる歯車変速機の一例の断面図であ
る。 ４……入力軸、５……出力軸、６……副軸、7,16……第
１速歯車、8,19a……後退用歯車、9,17……第２速歯
車、10,20……第３速歯車、11,21……第４速歯車、12,1
5,18……同期装置、14……減速従動歯車、22……減速駆
動歯車。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an example of a gear transmission according to the present invention. 4 ... input shaft, 5 ... output shaft, 6 ... sub shaft, 7,16 ... first speed gear, 8,19a ... reversing gear, 9,17 ... second speed gear, 10,20 ... 3rd speed gear, 11,21 ... 4th speed gear, 12,1
5, 18 synchronizer, 14 reduction driven gear, 22 reduction drive gear.
Claims (1)
れら軸と平行に幅軸が配置されており、出力軸を入力軸
によって直接駆動する直接結段と、副軸を介して出力軸
を駆動する複数の変速段とを切り換え可能な歯車変速機
において、 副軸の後端部に減速駆動歯車を設け、 入力軸の後端部を上記減速駆動歯車付近まで後方へ延長
し、 出力軸の前端部に、副軸の減速駆動歯車と常時噛み合う
減速従動歯車を回転自在に支持し、 入力軸の後端部と出力軸の前端部との間に、入力軸と出
力軸とを連結する直結段と、出力軸と減速従動歯車とを
連結する非直結段とを切り換える直結用同期装置を設
け、 入力軸と副軸との間に、直接段以外の変速段を構成する
複数の変速歯車列およびこれら変速歯車列を選択的に切
り換える変速用同期装置を設けたことを特徴とする歯車
変速機。An input shaft and an output shaft are coaxially arranged, a width axis is arranged in parallel with these shafts, a direct connection for directly driving the output shaft by the input shaft, and a sub shaft. In a gear transmission capable of switching between a plurality of speeds for driving the output shaft, a reduction drive gear is provided at a rear end of the countershaft, and a rear end of the input shaft is extended rearward to near the reduction drive gear, At the front end of the output shaft, a reduction driven gear that always meshes with the reduction drive gear of the sub shaft is rotatably supported, and the input shaft and the output shaft are connected between the rear end of the input shaft and the front end of the output shaft. A direct-connection synchronizer is provided for switching between a directly-connected stage to be connected and a non-directly-connected stage that connects the output shaft and the reduction driven gear, and a plurality of shift stages other than the direct stage are provided between the input shaft and the sub shaft. A transmission gear train and a transmission synchronizing device for selectively switching the transmission gear trains are provided. Gear transmission, wherein the door.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152811A JP2724406B2 (en) | 1989-06-15 | 1989-06-15 | Gear transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152811A JP2724406B2 (en) | 1989-06-15 | 1989-06-15 | Gear transmission |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0320144A JPH0320144A (en) | 1991-01-29 |
| JP2724406B2 true JP2724406B2 (en) | 1998-03-09 |
Family
ID=15548671
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1152811A Expired - Fee Related JP2724406B2 (en) | 1989-06-15 | 1989-06-15 | Gear transmission |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2724406B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57132223A (en) * | 1981-02-06 | 1982-08-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Shift mechanism of manual transmission for car |
| JPS5917045A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-01-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Speed change gear |
-
1989
- 1989-06-15 JP JP1152811A patent/JP2724406B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0320144A (en) | 1991-01-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |