JP2717964B2 - Method for producing glycyrrhizin - Google Patents

Method for producing glycyrrhizin

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Publication number
JP2717964B2
JP2717964B2 JP62259656A JP25965687A JP2717964B2 JP 2717964 B2 JP2717964 B2 JP 2717964B2 JP 62259656 A JP62259656 A JP 62259656A JP 25965687 A JP25965687 A JP 25965687A JP 2717964 B2 JP2717964 B2 JP 2717964B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
glycyrrhizin
licorice
cultivation
root
months
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP62259656A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH01102092A (en
Inventor
幸吉 田村
重治 中村
勝美 後藤
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Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Maruzen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、トリテルペノイド系サポニンの一種である
グリチルリチンを製造する方法に関するものである。 グリチルリチンは抗アレルギー作用、抗炎症作用、抗
潰瘍作用等を有することが知られており、慢性肝炎の治
療等に広く使用されている。グリチルリチンはまた砂糖
の約300倍の甘味を有し、甘味料として醤油、漬物等、
食品の製造に多量に使用されるほか、タバコ等の着香料
としても使われている。 〔従来の技術〕 グリチルリチンは、マメ科の多年性植物である甘草
(Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.,G.uralensis Fisher,G.in
flata Batal,G.lepidota Linn等の Glycyrrhiza属植
物)の根および根茎(以下、根部という)に含まれてい
る。したがって、グリチルリチンは、従来、野生の甘草
の根部から抽出し精製する方法により製造されてきた。
原料の甘草は日本国内に自生せず、すべて中国、ソ連、
アフガニスタン、パキスタン、トルコ等からの輸入品に
依存しているが、近年、上記甘草産出国における農業開
発その他の進展にともない甘草自生地が減少しており、
資源の枯渇が心配されている。 甘草を日本国内で栽培することもかって検討された
が、栽培地域、天候、収穫時期等によりグリチルリチン
含有量に大差を生じ、グリチルリチン原料として使用で
きるものを量的にも質的にも安定して得るのは困難であ
ること、栽培コストが高くつくこと、などが障害になっ
て、実施されるには至っていない。 このような現状を背景に、近年発達した植物組織培養
法を用いてグリチルリチンを製造する方法が検討され、
その成果の一つとして特開昭50−16440号公報には、甘
草をカルス化し、そのカルスからたばこ加香用甘草エキ
スを得る方法が記載されている。しかしながら、この方
法による甘草エキスには、天然の甘草エキスと比べる
と、グリチルリチンはごく微量しか含まれていないの
で、グリチルリチンとしての製造コストはきわめて高い
ものになる。また、特開昭53−91188号公報には、甘草
カルスを器官分化させ、その後にグリチルリチンを採取
する方法が記載されている。しかしながら、この方法
も、本発明者らの研究によれば、甘草カルスからの器官
分化はそれほど困難でないにしても、記載されているよ
うな著量のグリチルリチンの蓄積は認められないから、
特に有利な方法とは言えない。 〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕 本発明の目的は、上述のような現状に鑑み、供給に不
安のある天然の甘草に依存することなくグリチルリチン
を効率よく製造する方法を提供することにある。 〔問題点を解決するための手段〕 本発明が提供するグリチルリチンの製造法は、甘草を
養液栽培し、得られた甘草の根部からグリチルリチンを
採取することを特徴とするものである。 養液栽培は、周知のように通常の土壌を全く使用しな
い栽培法であって、倍地の種類や培養液および空気の与
え方によって水耕法、空気耕法(噴霧耕法等)、固定倍
地耕法)砂耕法、くん炭耕法、ロックウール耕法等)が
あるが、本発明における養液栽培は根部を収穫するため
のものであるから、上記方法のなかでも根部を収穫し易
い水耕法、空気耕法等が特に適している。しかしなが
ら、後述する本発明の効果の点では、他のいずれの方法
によっても大差のない結果が得られるから、状況に応じ
て、任意の方法を採用することができる。 養液栽培された甘草は、その理由は明らかでないが、
特別の養液を用いなくても、通常の土壌で栽培されたも
のよりも根部の収量が多く、しかも、根部に含まれるグ
リチルリチンの量が多い。さらに、養液栽培の特長とし
て、栽培条件を人為的に好適条件に維持し易いから、甘
草を養液栽培し、得られた甘草根部を原料にすると、グ
リチルリチンを従来よりもはるかに効率よく安定的に供
給することが可能になる。 養液栽培する甘草としては、根部にグリチルリチンを
蓄積する性質を有するものであれば何でもよく、たとえ
ば、グルチルリーザ・グラブラ(Glycyrrhiza glabra L
inn.)、グリチルリーザ・ウラレンシス(Glycyrrhiza
uralensis Fisher)、グリチルリーザ・インフラータ
(Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal)、グリチルリーザ・レ
ピドータ(Glycyrrhiza lepidota Linn)、その他これ
らのグリチルリーザ属植物の変種等を、いずれも使用す
ることができる。 養液栽培用の培養液には、各種植物の養液栽培に工夫
された周知の合成栄養培地、すなわち、無機塩類、有機
成分、ビタミン類、アミノ酸類、生育調節物質等を含む
ものを用いることができるが、外にも、根部の生長やグ
リチルリチンの蓄積に有用であるならば、任意の物質を
含有させることができる。具体的な培地組成の代表的な
例を示すと、いわゆる園試処方均衡培養液[Ca(NO3
・4H2O:0.95g/、KNO3:0.81g/、MgSO4・7H2O:0.5g
/、NH4H2PO4:0.155g/、NaFe−EDTA:20mg/、H3B
O4:3mg/、MnSO4・4H2O:2mg/、ZnSO4・7H2O:0.22mg/
、CuSO4・5H2O:0.05mg/、Na2MoO4・2H2O:0.02mg/
]、微粉ハイポネックス(ハイポネックス社製、窒素
6.5%、可溶性リン酸6.0%、水溶性カリ19.0%)の100
〜4000倍希釈液等があるが、その他の市販されている養
液栽培用肥料も、いずれも用いることができる。 培養液のpHは約5.0〜10.0、培養温度は約5〜50℃の
範囲に管理することが望ましい。培養中、培養液の更
新、照度の管理等は、養液栽培の常法にしたがって行え
ばよいが、照度はやや高いほうが好ましい結果を与える
ことが分かっている。 培養が好ましい条件で行われた場合、甘草は約4カ月
頃から収穫可能になる。 収穫した甘草の根部からグリチルリチンを抽出するの
に特別の方法は必要なく、天然甘草から抽出する場合と
同様に、根部の粉砕物から水、親水性有機溶媒、または
これらの混合物を用いて抽出すればよい。 〔実施例〕 以下、実施例を示して本発明を説明する。なお、各例
において示したグリチルリチン含量の値は次のようにし
て測定したものであり、甘草根部のグリチルリチン含量
を示すと共に抽出可能な(したがって本発明の製造法で
甘草根部から採取可能な)グリチルリチン量をも示す。 グリチルリチン定量法:収穫した甘草根部を乾燥し、ブ
レンダーで粉砕する。得られた粉砕物100mgを精秤し、5
0%メタノール10mlを加え、密栓して45℃で一晩静置
し、ろ過して得られたろ液について、高速液体クロマト
グラフィーによりグリチルリチンを定量する。なお、高
速液体クロマトグラフィーの条件は次のとおりである。 カラム:μ−Bondopak C18 移動相:2%酢酸/水(20/11) カラム温度:40℃ 検出:UV 254nm 実施例1 ソ連起源の甘草苗(種子から発芽させ、草丈約10cmに
生長させたもの)一株の茎部をウレタンフォームで包
み、培養液(微粉ハイポネックスの1000倍希釈液)の入
った広口びん(高さ30cm、開口部径10cm、容量1500ml)
の口部に固定し、広口びん下部より通気を行う。温度25
℃、照度10,000ルクスで4カ月間栽培を続け、その間、
1カ月ごとに根部の新鮮重量を測定し、収穫時にグリチ
ルリチン含量を測定した。比較のため、同じ苗を用いて
同期間土壌栽培し、同様の測定を行なった。 結果を表1に示す。 表 1 養液栽培 土壌栽培 根部重量(g) 1カ月後 0.26 0.04 2カ月後 1.03 0.12 3カ月後 2.98 0.26 4カ月後 4.83 0.32 グリチルリチン含量(%) 0.30 0.04 実施例2 中国起源の甘草を実施例1と同様にして栽培して、根
部について同様の測定を行なった。その結果を表2に示
す。 表 2 養液栽培 土壌栽培 根部重量(g) 1カ月後 0.20 0.04 2カ月後 0.97 0.13 3カ月後 2.63 0.21 4カ月後 4.08 0.35 グリチルリチン含量(%) 0.25 0.01 実施例3 実施例1で用いたのと同様の甘草苗の茎部をウレタン
フォームでつつみ、円筒状水槽(内径15cm、高さ60cm)
の上部に固定する。水槽下部より1日10回、0.5/分
の流量で30分間培養液を供給し、その後、ポンプを停止
する。ポンプが止まると水槽内の培養液はサイフォンに
よりすべて排出され、甘草の根は空気にさらされる。培
養液として園試処方均衡培養液20を用い、2週間に1
度、その10を更新し、屋外で4カ月間、栽培する。 上記栽培法で甘草を栽培した結果を、同じ苗を同期間
土壌栽培した結果とともに第3表に示す。 表 3 養液栽培 土壌栽培 根部重量(g) 1カ月後 3.87 0.04 2カ月後 12.35 0.12 3カ月後 28.51 0.20 4カ月後 40.03 0.32 グリチルリチン含量(%) 0.42 0.04
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing glycyrrhizin, which is a kind of triterpenoid saponin. Glycyrrhizin is known to have an antiallergic effect, an antiinflammatory effect, an antiulcer effect, and the like, and is widely used for treating chronic hepatitis and the like. Glycyrrhizin also has about 300 times the sweetness of sugar, soy sauce, pickles, etc. as sweeteners
In addition to being used in large quantities in the manufacture of food, it is also used as a flavoring agent for tobacco and the like. [Background Art] Glycyrrhizin is a perennial plant of the legume family, licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., G. uralensis Fisher, G. inn).
Glycyrrhiza plants such as flata Batal and G. lepidota Linn) are contained in the roots and rhizomes (hereinafter referred to as roots). Therefore, glycyrrhizin has been conventionally produced by a method of extracting and purifying from the root of wild licorice.
The raw material licorice does not grow naturally in Japan, all in China, the Soviet Union,
Although it depends on imports from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, etc., in recent years, licorice indigenous land has decreased due to agricultural development and other progress in the licorice producing countries,
We are worried about resource depletion. Although licorice was cultivated in Japan, glycyrrhizin content varied greatly depending on the cultivation area, weather, harvest time, etc., and the glycyrrhizin raw material could be used quantitatively and qualitatively stably. It is difficult to obtain, the cultivation cost is high, and so on. Against this background, a method for producing glycyrrhizin using a recently developed plant tissue culture method has been studied,
As one of the results, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho 50-16440 describes a method for converting licorice into callus to obtain a licorice extract for tobacco aroma from the callus. However, the licorice extract according to this method contains only a very small amount of glycyrrhizin as compared with a natural licorice extract, so that the production cost of glycyrrhizin becomes extremely high. JP-A-53-91188 describes a method in which licorice callus is differentiated into organs and then glycyrrhizin is collected. However, according to the study of the present inventors, even if organ differentiation from licorice callus is not so difficult, the method does not show a significant accumulation of glycyrrhizin as described,
This is not a particularly advantageous method. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing glycyrrhizin without relying on natural licorice which is uneasy to supply, in view of the above-mentioned situation. . [Means for Solving the Problems] The method for producing glycyrrhizin provided by the present invention is characterized by cultivating licorice in nutrient solution and collecting glycyrrhizin from the roots of the licorice obtained. As is well known, hydroponic cultivation is a cultivation method that does not use ordinary soil at all, and depends on the type of culture medium, the culture solution and the method of applying air, hydroponics, air cultivation (spray cultivation, etc.), fixed Double cultivation method) sand cultivation method, charcoal cultivation method, rock wool cultivation method, etc., but since the hydroponic cultivation in the present invention is for harvesting the root, the root is cultivated among the above methods. Hydroponics, air culture, etc., which are easy to perform, are particularly suitable. However, in terms of the effects of the present invention to be described later, a result that is not largely different from that obtained by any of the other methods can be obtained. The reason for the liquorice grown by hydroponics is not clear,
Even if no special nutrient solution is used, the yield of roots is higher than that cultivated in normal soil, and the amount of glycyrrhizin contained in roots is higher. Further, as a feature of the hydroponic cultivation, the cultivation conditions are easily maintained artificially under suitable conditions. It becomes possible to supply it. Any licorice that can be cultivated in a nutrient solution may be any as long as it has the property of accumulating glycyrrhizin in the root. For example, Glycyrrhiza glabra L
inn.), Glycyrrhiza
uralensis Fisher), Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal, Glycyrrhiza lepidota Linn, and other varieties of the genus Glycyrrhiza can be used. For the culture solution for hydroponics, use a well-known synthetic nutrient medium devised for hydroponics of various plants, that is, one containing inorganic salts, organic components, vitamins, amino acids, growth regulators, etc. However, any other substance can be added as long as it is useful for root growth and glycyrrhizin accumulation. A typical example of a specific medium composition is a so-called horticultural test formulation balanced culture solution [Ca (NO 3 )].
2 · 4H 2 O: 0.95g / , KNO 3: 0.81g /, MgSO 4 · 7H 2 O: 0.5g
/, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 : 0.155 g /, NaFe-EDTA: 20 mg /, H 3 B
O 4: 3mg /, MnSO 4 · 4H 2 O: 2mg /, ZnSO 4 · 7H 2 O: 0.22mg /
, CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O: 0.05mg /, Na 2 MoO 4 · 2H 2 O: 0.02mg /
], Fine powder Hyponex (Hyponex, nitrogen
6.5%, soluble phosphoric acid 6.0%, water soluble potassium 19.0%) 100
Although there is a dilution of up to 4000 times, any other commercially available fertilizer for hydroponic culture can be used. It is desirable to control the pH of the culture solution in the range of about 5.0 to 10.0 and the culture temperature in the range of about 5 to 50 ° C. During the culturing, the renewal of the culture solution, the management of the illuminance, and the like may be performed according to a conventional method of nutrient culture, but it has been found that a slightly higher illuminance gives a preferable result. If cultivation is carried out under favorable conditions, licorice can be harvested from about four months. No special method is required to extract glycyrrhizin from the roots of the harvested licorice, just as with natural licorice, by extracting water from the ground pulverized material with a hydrophilic organic solvent or a mixture thereof. I just need. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. The value of the glycyrrhizin content shown in each example is measured as follows, and indicates the glycyrrhizin content of the licorice root portion and can be extracted (and thus can be collected from the licorice root portion by the production method of the present invention). The amount is also indicated. Glycyrrhizin determination method: Dry the harvested licorice root and grind it with a blender. 100 mg of the obtained crushed material was precisely weighed, and 5
10 ml of 0% methanol is added, the tube is sealed, the mixture is left to stand at 45 ° C. overnight, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is quantified for glycyrrhizin by high performance liquid chromatography. The conditions of the high performance liquid chromatography are as follows. Column: μ-Bondopak C 18 Mobile phase: 2% acetic acid / water (20/11) Column temperature: 40 ° C. Detection: UV 254 nm Example 1 Soviet licorice seedlings (germinated from seeds and grown to about 10 cm in height) 1) Wrap the stem of one strain in urethane foam, and put it in a wide-mouthed bottle (height: 30 cm, opening diameter: 10 cm, capacity: 1500 ml) containing a culture solution (1000 times diluted solution of fine powder Hyponex)
And ventilated from the bottom of the wide-mouth bottle. Temperature 25
Cultivation at 10,000 lux at ℃ for 4 months.
The fresh weight of the root was measured every month, and the glycyrrhizin content was measured at the time of harvest. For comparison, the same seedlings were used for soil cultivation during the same period, and the same measurement was performed. Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 Root weight of hydroponics soil cultivation root (g) 1 month 0.26 0.04 2 months 1.03 0.12 3 months 2.98 0.26 4 months 4.83 0.32 Glycyrrhizin content (%) 0.30 0.04 Example 2 Chinese licorice Example 1 Cultivation was performed in the same manner as described above, and the same measurement was performed for the root. Table 2 shows the results. Table 2 Hydroponic soil cultivation root weight (g) 1 month 0.20 0.04 2 months 0.97 0.13 3 months 2.63 0.21 4 months 4.08 0.35 Glycyrrhizin content (%) 0.25 0.01 Example 3 Wrap the stem of a similar licorice seedling with urethane foam, a cylindrical water tank (inner diameter 15 cm, height 60 cm)
To the top. The culture solution is supplied from the lower part of the water tank 10 times a day at a flow rate of 0.5 / min for 30 minutes, and then the pump is stopped. When the pump stops, the culture in the aquarium is completely drained by the siphon, and the licorice root is exposed to air. Use a balanced prescription culture medium 20 as the culture medium and use it once every two weeks.
We update ten of them and grow them outdoors for four months. Table 3 shows the results of cultivation of licorice by the above cultivation method, together with the results of cultivating the same seedlings in soil during the same period. Table 3 Hydroponic soil cultivation Root weight (g) 1 month 3.87 0.04 2 months 12.35 0.12 3 months 28.51 0.20 4 months 40.03 0.32 Glycyrrhizin content (%) 0.42 0.04

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.甘草を養液栽培し、得られた甘草の根および根茎か
らグリチルリチンを採取することを特徴とするグリチル
リチンの製造法。
(57) [Claims] A method for producing glycyrrhizin, comprising cultivating licorice in hydroponics and collecting glycyrrhizin from the roots and rhizomes of the obtained licorice.
JP62259656A 1987-10-16 1987-10-16 Method for producing glycyrrhizin Expired - Fee Related JP2717964B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62259656A JP2717964B2 (en) 1987-10-16 1987-10-16 Method for producing glycyrrhizin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01102092A JPH01102092A (en) 1989-04-19
JP2717964B2 true JP2717964B2 (en) 1998-02-25

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Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPN411195A0 (en) * 1995-07-10 1995-08-03 Cathay Herbal Laboratories Pty Ltd Medicinal composition
AU2003300550A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-14 Minophagen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Use of glycyrrhizin for the treatment of standard therapy-resistant hepatitis c patients
BRPI0416809A (en) 2003-11-21 2007-01-09 Nestec Sa glycosamine
EA013945B1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2010-08-30 Нестек С.А. A process for generating glucosamine from plant species
CN101175501B (en) 2005-05-13 2012-03-21 雀巢技术公司 Production of glucosamine from plant species
JP5974211B2 (en) * 2009-08-31 2016-08-23 公益財団法人ヒューマンサイエンス振興財団 A new Ural elephant and its growing stron
JP6029013B2 (en) * 2013-05-17 2016-11-24 国立研究開発法人医薬基盤・健康・栄養研究所 Plant growth promoter and method for producing plant growth promoter
JP5876444B2 (en) * 2013-05-30 2016-03-02 鹿島建設株式会社 Method for improving concentration of medicinal components in licorice plants

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5016440A (en) * 1973-06-11 1975-02-21
JPS6092219A (en) * 1983-10-24 1985-05-23 Nissin Food Prod Co Ltd Production of medicinal substance by nutriculture

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