JP2664233B2 - Article transfer device using superconductor - Google Patents
Article transfer device using superconductorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2664233B2 JP2664233B2 JP1004926A JP492689A JP2664233B2 JP 2664233 B2 JP2664233 B2 JP 2664233B2 JP 1004926 A JP1004926 A JP 1004926A JP 492689 A JP492689 A JP 492689A JP 2664233 B2 JP2664233 B2 JP 2664233B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- levitation
- superconductor
- propulsion
- floating body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- Control Of Vehicles With Linear Motors And Vehicles That Are Magnetically Levitated (AREA)
- Non-Mechanical Conveyors (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は超電導体を浮上走行させる超電導体を用いた
物品搬送装置の構造に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a structure of an article conveying apparatus using a superconductor for causing a superconductor to levitate and run.
地上と非接触で物質を空間に支持する方法として磁気
的な力による浮上がある。こうした磁気浮上は様々な応
用が考えられる。As a method of supporting a substance in space without contact with the ground, there is levitation by magnetic force. Various applications are conceivable for such magnetic levitation.
従来の磁気浮上は、リニアモーターカーを例にとつて
説明すると、地上及び浮上体に各々コイルを設けておい
て、そのコイルの発生する磁界の反発あるいは吸収力を
利用して浮上,推進させるものである。このような従来
方式の磁気浮上は浮上体にコイルを搭載するため、浮上
体の自重を低減させるのに超電導コイルを利用すること
も考えられている。The conventional magnetic levitation will be described by taking a linear motor car as an example. When a coil is provided on the ground and a levitation body, the levitation and propulsion are performed by utilizing the repulsion or absorption of the magnetic field generated by the coil. It is. In such a conventional magnetic levitation, since a coil is mounted on a floating body, it is considered to use a superconducting coil to reduce the weight of the floating body.
以上のように、コイルを搭載する従来方式の磁気浮上
のシステムは、装置自体が大がかりになり、その結果、
用途が非常に限定されてしまう。これに対して、超電導
体の反磁性を利用した磁気浮上は、従来方式に比べて簡
単な構造となるので、広い分野での利用が期待される。
この反磁性型の磁気浮上は、超電導体を超電導体状態に
保持すれば、磁石を用いて比較的容易に実施でき、液体
窒素温度以上の臨界温度を有する高温超電導体では、液
体窒素で冷却することにより、より簡単に実施すること
ができるようになる。As described above, in the conventional magnetic levitation system equipped with a coil, the device itself becomes large, and as a result,
Applications are very limited. On the other hand, the magnetic levitation using the diamagnetism of the superconductor has a simple structure as compared with the conventional method, and is expected to be used in a wide range of fields.
This diamagnetic type magnetic levitation can be performed relatively easily using a magnet if the superconductor is kept in a superconductor state. This makes it easier to implement.
ところで、反磁性型磁気浮上の適用範囲を広げるに
は、浮上状態を保持したままで移動させることが必要で
ある。反磁性を利用した磁気浮上装置の例を以下に示
す。第1には、昭和62年11月25日の日刊工業新聞に記載
されている様に、高温超電導体を傾斜に沿つて敷いたレ
ールとし、磁石を浮上体として用いて重力を推進力にし
て水平方向に動かすもの。第2には、昭和63年9月30日
第12回日本応用磁気学会学術講概要p.18に記載されてい
る様に、磁石上に浮上させた超電導体を、磁石を動かす
ことにより追従させて水平方向に移動させるものであ
る。By the way, in order to expand the applicable range of the diamagnetic type magnetic levitation, it is necessary to move the levitation while maintaining the levitation state. An example of a magnetic levitation device using diamagnetism will be described below. First, as described in the Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun on November 25, 1987, a high-temperature superconductor was laid along a slope and a magnet was used as a floating body to make gravity drive propulsion. Things that move horizontally. Second, as described in the 12th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Magnetics, September 30, 1988, the superconductor floated on a magnet is moved by moving the magnet, as described in p.18. To move in the horizontal direction.
上記の従来技術は、第1の例では傾斜によつて移動の
速さと方向が決定してしまい、浮上体の水平方向の移動
についての制御方法について配慮されておらず、また第
2の例では磁石を機械的に移動させることが必要であ
り、磁石と浮上している超電導体の相対的位置は変化し
ていない。いずれの場合も、浮上走行という立場におい
て走行方法について解決されていない。In the above prior art, in the first example, the speed and direction of the movement are determined by the inclination, and no consideration is given to the control method for the horizontal movement of the levitation body, and in the second example, It is necessary to move the magnet mechanically, and the relative positions of the magnet and the floating superconductor have not changed. In any case, the traveling method has not been solved from the standpoint of levitation traveling.
本発明の目的は、反磁性型の磁気浮上装置であつて
も、浮上体を円滑に浮上走行させると共に、走行方向に
対して直角方向の安定性、即ち横ぶれも抑制した安定な
走行可能な超電導体を用いた物品搬送装置を提供するに
ある。An object of the present invention is to provide a diamagnetic type magnetic levitation device that allows a levitation body to smoothly levitate and run, and also enables stability in a direction perpendicular to the running direction, that is, stable running with suppressed side-to-side movement. An object of the present invention is to provide an article conveying device using a superconductor.
上記目的を達成するために、浮上用磁石と走行推進用
磁石を有する超電導体を用い物品搬送装置における浮上
用磁石として、走行方向に対して長尺で浮上方向に磁極
を有する磁石を用いて、走行方向において均一な磁界を
発生させて、すなわち、第6図に示した外部磁界分布を
第7図のように平滑化して浮上体内の磁束分布を走行方
向におてほぼ均一にした。In order to achieve the above object, using a superconductor having a magnet for levitation and a magnet for traveling propulsion, as a magnet for levitation in an article transporting apparatus, using a magnet having a magnetic pole that is long in a traveling direction and has a magnetic pole in a levitation direction, A uniform magnetic field was generated in the traveling direction, that is, the external magnetic field distribution shown in FIG. 6 was smoothed as shown in FIG. 7, and the magnetic flux distribution in the floating body was made substantially uniform in the traveling direction.
また、横ぶれを抑制する手段として強磁性体を超電導
体に混在させた浮上体を用いて浮上体内に捕捉される磁
束を積極的に導き入れた。In addition, as a means for suppressing the lateral displacement, a floating body in which a ferromagnetic material is mixed in a superconductor is used to actively introduce magnetic flux trapped in the floating body.
浮上している超電導体は、浮上用磁石によつて磁束を
捕捉するが、この捕捉された磁束は、超電導体内部にお
いて走行方向にほぼ均一である。それによって、走行よ
り水平方向の位置が変位しても超電導体内部の磁束分布
はほとんど変化せず、磁束分布の変化に伴うエネルギー
損失、すなわち制動力がほとんどない状態で走行でき
る。The levitating superconductor captures magnetic flux by the levitating magnet, and the captured magnetic flux is substantially uniform in the running direction inside the superconductor. As a result, even if the position in the horizontal direction is displaced from the traveling, the magnetic flux distribution inside the superconductor hardly changes, and the vehicle can run with little energy loss due to the change in the magnetic flux distribution, ie, almost no braking force.
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
<第1の実施例> 第1図により、第1の実施例を説明する。リング状の
Sm−Co永久磁石1を浮上用に用いた。この磁石は、リン
グ平板面の上・下が各々N,S磁極となるように着磁して
ある。推進用には浮上体の浮上位置にエア・ギヤツプが
存在するような電磁軟鉄製の巻芯4に巻線5を施した電
磁石を用いた。浮上体はYBa2Cu3O7_δの粉末に鉄粉を少
量均一に分散させて圧縮成形後熱処理を施して作製した
円盤状ペレツト3を用いた。液体窒素で冷却した前記超
電導ペレツト3を推進用電磁石2のエア・ギヤツプに置
いて、浮上用永久磁石1により浮上させる。推進用磁石
2を1秒程度、パルス的に励磁して約4000ガウスの磁界
を発生させたところリング磁石1の円周上が滑らかに浮
上走行した。本実施例によれば、簡単な構造で円滑な浮
上走行ができる。さらに、浮上体に磁性体を混在させて
いるので、横ぶれのない安定走行できる。First Embodiment A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Ring-shaped
The Sm-Co permanent magnet 1 was used for levitation. This magnet is magnetized so that the upper and lower sides of the ring flat surface are N and S magnetic poles, respectively. For propulsion, an electromagnet in which a winding 5 was applied to a winding core 4 made of an electromagnetic soft iron such that an air gap was present at the floating position of the floating body was used. The floating body used was a disk-shaped pellet 3 prepared by uniformly dispersing a small amount of iron powder in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 _δ powder, performing compression molding, and performing heat treatment. The superconducting pellet 3 cooled with liquid nitrogen is placed on the air gap of the electromagnet 2 for propulsion and levitated by the permanent magnet 1 for levitating. When the propulsion magnet 2 was pulse-excited for about one second to generate a magnetic field of about 4000 gauss, the ring magnet 1 smoothly levitated on the circumference. According to the present embodiment, smooth levitation traveling can be achieved with a simple structure. Furthermore, since the magnetic material is mixed in the floating body, stable running without side-shift can be achieved.
<第2の実施例> 第2の実施例は第2図に示すように、走行方向に長尺
で矩形のNd−Fe永久磁石1を浮上方向に着磁して、2列
平行に並べ浮上用磁石として配置した。この時の磁極方
向は同極が上になるようにした。推進用磁石には6個の
電磁石2a,2a′,2b,2b′,2c,2c′を用い、その配置は第
1の実施例同様に浮上体3の浮上高さの位置で、かつ浮
上用磁石をはさんで、2aと2a′,2bと2b′,2cと2c′が各
々対向するようにした。該推進磁石は巻芯及びフランジ
共に非磁性体からなる巻枠に巻線して製作したもので、
機能的には空芯電磁石と同等である。各々の推進用磁石
は浮上用磁石1の上側と同じ磁極が浮上体に近い側にな
るようにして、第3図に示すようなパターンで励磁し
た。浮上体にはTl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox超電導ペレツト3を用い
た。第4図には、第3図の励磁パターンの時の浮上体3
の走行状態を示した。本実施例によれば、推進用磁石に
鉄心材料を用いていないので該推進用磁石によつて非通
電時に外部磁界が乱されることなく浮上用磁石の走行方
向に対する磁界が均一に保持される。さら複数の推進磁
石を用いているので第4図のように浮上体3を、浮上用
磁石を円滑に走行させることはもとより、個々の駆動用
磁石の励磁パターン,タイミングを変えることにより、
駆動,加速,減速,停止の操作が可能である。また本実
施例に示した浮上用及び推進用磁石をあらかじめいくつ
か組み合わせて浮上用レールとすることにより、任意の
軌道上を浮上走行させることができる。<Second Embodiment> In a second embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, a long rectangular Nd-Fe permanent magnet 1 in the running direction is magnetized in the floating direction, and two rows are arranged in parallel to float. It was arranged as a magnet for use. At this time, the direction of the magnetic pole was set so that the same pole was on the upper side. Six electromagnets 2a, 2a ', 2b, 2b', 2c, 2c 'are used as propulsion magnets, and the arrangement is the same as in the first embodiment at the height of the floating body 3 and at the height of the floating body. The magnets were sandwiched so that 2a and 2a ', 2b and 2b', and 2c and 2c 'faced each other. The propulsion magnet is manufactured by winding a winding core and a flange on a winding frame made of a non-magnetic material.
Functionally, it is equivalent to an air-core electromagnet. Each propulsion magnet was excited in the pattern shown in FIG. 3 so that the same magnetic pole as the upper side of the levitation magnet 1 was on the side closer to the levitation body. Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 Ox superconducting pellet 3 was used as a floating body. FIG. 4 shows the floating body 3 at the time of the excitation pattern shown in FIG.
The running state was shown. According to this embodiment, since the iron core material is not used for the propulsion magnet, the external magnetic field is not disturbed by the propulsion magnet when power is not supplied, and the magnetic field in the traveling direction of the levitating magnet is uniformly maintained. . Further, since a plurality of propulsion magnets are used, the floating body 3 can be smoothly moved as shown in FIG. 4 and the excitation pattern and timing of the individual drive magnets can be changed to change the timing.
Driving, acceleration, deceleration, and stop operations are possible. In addition, by combining some of the levitation and propulsion magnets shown in this embodiment in advance to form a levitation rail, it is possible to levitate and travel on an arbitrary track.
<第3の実施例> 第3の実施例を第5図に示す。浮上用磁石に、横断面
がU字形で、かつ、走行方向に長尺な電磁軟鉄製の巻芯
4に巻線5を施した電磁石1を用いた。推進用磁石に
は、巻芯4が電磁軟鉄で、フランジがステンレス製の巻
枠を用いた円柱状の電磁石2を用いた。浮上体にはBi2S
r2Ca2Cu2Cy超電導ペレツト3を用いた。なお、本実施例
では浮上用磁石1も電磁石で構成しており、連続的な通
電が必要であることから、この電磁石を冷却するため
に、液体窒素を溜めた容器の中で行つた。液体窒素は前
記電磁石1の上端と液面が一致するようにしてある。本
実施例では、浮上体3が浮上レールのどの位置にあつて
も励磁電流の遮断により浮上体を浮上用磁石に着地させ
ることができる。Third Embodiment FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment. The electromagnet 1 having a U-shaped cross section and a winding core 4 made of an electromagnetic soft iron and having a long length in the running direction was used as a levitation magnet. As the propulsion magnet, a columnar electromagnet 2 having a core 4 made of electromagnetic soft iron and a flange made of stainless steel was used. Bi 2 S for levitation
r 2 Ca 2 Cu 2 Cy superconducting pellet 3 was used. In the present embodiment, the levitation magnet 1 is also formed of an electromagnet, and continuous energization is required. Therefore, in order to cool the electromagnet, the levitation magnet 1 was placed in a container containing liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen is arranged such that the upper end of the electromagnet 1 and the liquid level coincide. In this embodiment, the floating body 3 can land on the floating magnet by interrupting the exciting current regardless of the position of the floating body 3 on the floating rail.
また、励磁電流の大きさを調整することで浮上高さを
制御できる。さらに、液体窒素容器の中で実施している
ので、蒸発した窒素ガスの冷気により浮上体の浮上時間
を飛躍的に向上することができる。Further, the flying height can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the exciting current. Furthermore, since the operation is performed in the liquid nitrogen container, the floating time of the floating body can be drastically improved by the cool air of the evaporated nitrogen gas.
なお、本実施例では超電導ペレツトとして液体窒素温
度以上の臨界温度を有する高温超電導体について説明し
たが、本発明はこれに限定されるものでなく、従来より
使用されている合金,金属間化合物超電導体あるいは超
電導性を示す単体元素物質,有機超電導体を用いても本
発明の趣旨を損うものではない。また、ペレツト形状は
本実施例では円盤形状についてのみ記述したが、ペレツ
ト形状についてもこれに限定されることなく三角形,四
角形をはじめ任意の形状で良い。In this embodiment, a high-temperature superconductor having a critical temperature equal to or higher than the temperature of liquid nitrogen has been described as a superconducting pellet. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and alloys and intermetallic compound superconductors conventionally used have been used. The use of a substance or a superconducting single element substance or an organic superconductor does not impair the gist of the present invention. In the present embodiment, only the disc shape is described as the pellet shape. However, the pellet shape is not limited to this, and may be any shape including a triangle and a quadrangle.
本発明によれば、浮上体が走行しても浮上体内に捕捉
された磁束分布の変化がほとんどないので、推進用磁石
の発生磁界により、浮上体を円滑に走行させることがで
きる。According to the present invention, there is almost no change in the magnetic flux distribution captured in the floating body even when the floating body runs, so that the floating body can be smoothly run by the magnetic field generated by the propulsion magnet.
第1図は本発明の超電導体を用いた物品搬送装置の実施
例を示す斜視図、第2図はその平面図、第3図は第2の
実施例で行つた推進用磁石の励磁パターンを示す特性
図、第4図は第3図の励磁パターン時の浮上体の走行状
態を示す図、第5図は本発明の第3の実施例を示す斜視
図、第6図は従来方法による走行方向の外部磁界の分布
を示す図、第7図は本発明による走行方向の外部磁界の
分布を示す図である。 1……浮上用磁石、2,2a,2a′,2b,2b′,2c,2c′……推
進上用磁石、3……超電導ペレツト、4……巻芯、5…
…巻線。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of an article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 shows an excitation pattern of a propulsion magnet performed in a second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a traveling state of the floating body at the time of the excitation pattern shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the external magnetic field in the traveling direction, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the external magnetic field in the traveling direction according to the present invention. 1 ... magnet for floating, 2, 2a, 2a ', 2b, 2b', 2c, 2c '... magnet for propulsion, 3 ... superconducting pellet, 4 ... core, 5 ...
... winding.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 斉藤 敏雄 茨城県日立市久慈町4026番地 株式会社 日立製作所日立研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭64−87428(JP,A) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued from the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Saito 4026 Kuji-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Within Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-64-87428 (JP, A)
Claims (6)
と、該浮上体の走行方向に対して長尺であり浮上方向に
磁極を有しており、走行方向にほぼ均一の磁界を発生す
る浮上用磁石と、電磁力により前記浮上体に走行方向へ
の推進力を生じさせる推進用磁石とを具備することを特
徴とする超電導体を用いた物品搬送装置。1. A levitation body including at least a superconductor, and a levitation which is elongated in the traveling direction of the levitation body and has magnetic poles in the levitation direction to generate a substantially uniform magnetic field in the traveling direction. An article conveying device using a superconductor, comprising: a magnet for driving; and a propulsion magnet for generating a propulsive force in a traveling direction on the floating body by an electromagnetic force.
特徴とする請求項1記載の超電導体を用いた物品搬送装
置。2. An article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to claim 1, wherein a ferromagnetic material is mixed in said floating body.
状の永久磁石を用いたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の
超電導体を用いた物品搬送装置。3. An article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to claim 1, wherein at least one ring-shaped permanent magnet is used as said levitation magnet.
徴とする請求項1記載の超電導体を用いた物品搬送装
置。4. An article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnet is used as said levitation magnet.
かつ、フランジが非磁性体である巻枠から成る電磁石を
用い、該推進用磁石を浮上用磁石の継目部に配置したこ
とを特徴とする請求項1記載の超電導体を用いた物品搬
送装置。5. A core of the propulsion magnet is made of a ferromagnetic material,
2. An article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to claim 1, wherein an electromagnet made of a winding frame whose flange is a non-magnetic material is used, and said propulsion magnet is arranged at a joint portion of said levitation magnet.
磁性体である巻枠から成る電磁石を対にして用い、該推
進用磁石を浮上体の浮上高さで、かつ、浮上用磁石に対
して該推進用磁石の磁極が対向するように配置したこと
を特徴とする請求項1記載の超電導体を用いた物品搬送
装置。6. A pair of electromagnets comprising a winding core whose flange and a non-magnetic material are used as a pair of said propulsion magnets, wherein said propulsion magnets have a floating height of a floating body and a floating magnet. 2. An article conveying apparatus using a superconductor according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic poles of the propulsion magnets are arranged to face each other.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1004926A JP2664233B2 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Article transfer device using superconductor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1004926A JP2664233B2 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Article transfer device using superconductor |
Publications (2)
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JPH02188171A JPH02188171A (en) | 1990-07-24 |
JP2664233B2 true JP2664233B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=11597204
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JP1004926A Expired - Fee Related JP2664233B2 (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Article transfer device using superconductor |
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JP2656659B2 (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1997-09-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Article transfer equipment using high-temperature superconductor |
EP0695026A3 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1997-03-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Composite superconductor body and magnetic levitation system |
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