JP2647974B2 - Sealed battery safety valve device - Google Patents
Sealed battery safety valve deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2647974B2 JP2647974B2 JP1254621A JP25462189A JP2647974B2 JP 2647974 B2 JP2647974 B2 JP 2647974B2 JP 1254621 A JP1254621 A JP 1254621A JP 25462189 A JP25462189 A JP 25462189A JP 2647974 B2 JP2647974 B2 JP 2647974B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sealing plate
- exhaust hole
- safety valve
- valve body
- battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
- H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は、電池内部でのガス発生による圧力上昇に
応動する密閉形電池の防爆用安全弁装置に関するもので
ある。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an explosion-proof safety valve device for a sealed battery that responds to a pressure increase due to gas generation inside the battery.
［従来の技術］ 携帯用電気機器などに使用される電池として、ニッケ
ル・カドニウム電池，ニッケル亜鉛電池等で代表される
二次電池やアルカリ電池，リチウム電池で代表される一
次電池が知られている。[Related Art] As batteries used in portable electric devices and the like, secondary batteries typified by nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-zinc batteries and the like, and primary batteries typified by alkaline batteries and lithium batteries are known. .
これらの電池で二次電池の場合は過充電により電池内
部にガスが異常発生し、また一次電池の場合は誤充電や
過放電により電池内部にガスが異常発生する。このよう
にガスが以上に発生すると、電池内部の圧力も以上に上
昇して封口蓋体を吹き飛ばすなどの破裂事故を招くおそ
れがあった。In the case of a secondary battery, an abnormal gas is generated inside the battery due to overcharging, and in the case of a primary battery, an abnormal gas is generated inside the battery due to erroneous charging or overdischarging. When the gas is generated as described above, the pressure inside the battery also increases, and there is a possibility that a burst accident such as blowing off the sealing lid may occur.
このため、この種の電池には電池内部でのガス発生に
よる圧力上昇に応動して、電池内部のガスを排出させる
防爆用の安全弁装置が設けられている。Therefore, this type of battery is provided with an explosion-proof safety valve device that discharges gas inside the battery in response to a pressure increase due to gas generation inside the battery.
この安全弁装置は電池内のガス圧力が所定の値以上に
達したとき開弁してガスを外部に放出し、その後は再度
電池内を密閉状態に戻す復帰式が好ましく、この方式の
安全弁装置は第３図（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように封口板１
の中央部付近にはガスの排気孔1aが設けられており、こ
の排気孔1aを含む封口板１の上には、合成ゴムなどを圧
縮成形して得られる弾性弁体２を収納した端子板を兼ね
る皿状の弁蓋３が弾性弁体２で排気孔1aを圧接閉塞する
ように載置され、この弁蓋３の周縁鍔部がスポット溶接
で封口板１に固定された構造になっているものが多い。This safety valve device is preferably a return type that opens when the gas pressure in the battery reaches a predetermined value or more and releases gas to the outside, and thereafter returns the inside of the battery to a sealed state again. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the sealing plate 1
A gas exhaust hole 1a is provided in the vicinity of the center of the terminal plate. A terminal plate containing an elastic valve body 2 obtained by compression molding synthetic rubber or the like is provided on the sealing plate 1 including the exhaust hole 1a. A plate-shaped valve lid 3 also serving as a valve is mounted so as to press-close the exhaust hole 1a with the elastic valve body 2, and the peripheral flange of the valve lid 3 is fixed to the sealing plate 1 by spot welding. There are many things.
このこの方式の安全弁装置では、何らかの原因で電池
内にガスが発生して内圧が異常に上昇すると、ガス圧で
弾性弁体２を押し上げ封口板１との間の隙間よりガスを
排出し、さらに封口板１と弁蓋３間のスポット溶接の隙
間を通してガスを外部に放出し、電池の損傷、破裂を防
止するようになっている。In this safety valve device, when gas is generated in the battery for some reason and the internal pressure rises abnormally, the gas pressure pushes up the elastic valve body 2 to discharge gas from the gap between the sealing plate 1 and the gas. Gas is released to the outside through a gap of spot welding between the sealing plate 1 and the valve lid 3 to prevent damage and rupture of the battery.
［発明が解決しょうとする課題］ 封口板に設けられる排気孔1aの孔径や弾性弁体２の形
状構造等は急激なガス発生時にも対応可能なように設計
される必要がある。[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] The hole diameter of the exhaust hole 1a provided in the sealing plate, the shape and structure of the elastic valve body 2, and the like need to be designed to be able to cope with a sudden gas generation.
急激なガス発生に常時対応できるようにするため、第
３図（ａ）に示すように弾性弁体２の下面の、排気孔1a
を除く封口板１面に接する面積を小さくした構成の安全
弁装置の場合は、弾性弁体２下面の中心と排気孔1aの中
心とがずれた際には、弾性弁体２が傾いて排気孔1aにず
れ込み易くなり、このため弁動作圧力のばらつきが発生
し易く、所定圧力以下の低圧でのガス漏れや電解液漏れ
の原因になっており、特にアルカリ電解液を用いる電池
のおいては、この原因による電解液漏れが発生した場合
には周辺部品を腐食させる問題も起こす可能性がある。As shown in FIG. 3 (a), the exhaust hole 1a on the lower surface of the elastic
When the center of the lower surface of the elastic valve body 2 and the center of the exhaust hole 1a deviate from each other, the elastic valve body 2 is inclined and the exhaust hole is inclined. 1a, it is easy to cause a variation in valve operating pressure, which causes gas leakage and electrolyte leakage at a low pressure less than a predetermined pressure, especially in a battery using an alkaline electrolyte, If the electrolyte leaks due to this cause, there is also a possibility that a problem of corroding peripheral components may occur.
一方、同図（ｂ）に示すように弾性弁体２の下面の、
排気孔1aを除く封口板１面に接する面積を大きくした構
成の安全弁装置の場合は、漏液を防止する作用は確実で
あるが、密閉形アルカリ蓄電池のように非常用予備電源
として使用され、高温トリクル充電されるものや、或い
は電池自身が発熱するような急速充放電を必要とする動
力用電源として使用される電池等に用いられる場合に
は、ガス発生の機会が多く確実に安全弁装置が作動する
ことが要求されるが、このように封口板１と弾性弁体２
との接触面積の大きい構成の安全弁装置は、その構造上
高温もしくは長期間使用または保存しておくと弾性弁体
２の下面が封口板１に接着し易く、充放電や誤使用など
で弁作動を必要とする時に、ガス排出のタイミングが遅
れ、弁作動圧が設定圧より大幅に高くなったり、極端な
場合には弁が作動しなくなったりして電池を損傷させた
り、破裂させたりする問題があった。On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
In the case of a safety valve device having a structure in which the area in contact with the surface of the sealing plate 1 except for the exhaust hole 1a is large, the function of preventing liquid leakage is reliable, but it is used as an emergency backup power source like a sealed alkaline storage battery. When used in high-temperature trickle-charged batteries or batteries used as power sources that require rapid charging and discharging such that the batteries themselves generate heat, there are many opportunities for gas generation, and safety valve devices must be used. It is required to operate, but as described above, the sealing plate 1 and the elastic valve body 2
The safety valve device having a large contact area with the valve has a structure in which the lower surface of the elastic valve body 2 easily adheres to the sealing plate 1 when used or stored for a long time at a high temperature or for a long time, and the valve operates due to charge / discharge or misuse. When the gas discharge timing is delayed, the valve operating pressure becomes much higher than the set pressure, or in extreme cases, the valve may not work, causing the battery to be damaged or exploding. was there.
この発明は、上記し問題を解決するためになされたも
ので、過酷な条件下における急激なガス発生に対して、
弁作動を適確に行う密閉形電池の安全弁装置を提供する
ことを目的としている。The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and against sudden gas generation under severe conditions,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a safety valve device for a sealed battery that accurately performs a valve operation.
［課題を解決するための手段および作用］ この発明は、封口板の排気孔を弁蓋内に収納された弾
性弁体で閉塞する密閉形電池の安全弁装置において、前
記弾性弁体の前記封口板に接する下面の最短径は前記排
気孔径の1.8倍以上,3倍以下であり、かつ前記封口板の
前記弾性弁体に接する部分の表面粗さは0.2μmRa等以
上,1.5μmRa以下であることを特徴としており、このよ
うに安全弁装置を構成することにより、漏液がなく弁作
動が確実である密閉形電池を構成できる。Means and Action for Solving the Problems The present invention relates to a safety valve device for a sealed battery in which an exhaust hole of a sealing plate is closed by an elastic valve body housed in a valve lid, wherein the sealing plate of the elastic valve body is provided. The shortest diameter of the lower surface in contact with is not less than 1.8 times and not more than 3 times the exhaust hole diameter, and the surface roughness of the portion of the sealing plate contacting the elastic valve body is not less than 0.2 μmRa and not more than 1.5 μmRa. As a feature, by configuring the safety valve device in this way, a sealed battery having no liquid leakage and reliable valve operation can be configured.
［実施例］ 以下図面を参照しながらこの発明の一実施例を説明す
る。第１図はこの実施例に使用した密閉形ニッケルカド
ミウム電池の安全弁付近の部分断面図であるが、この第
１図において、１は金属平板をプレス加工として得られ
る封口板で、その中央部付近にはガスの排気孔1aが設け
られている。この排気孔1aを含む封口板１の上には、合
成ゴムなどを圧縮成形して得られる弾性弁体２を収納し
た、端子板を兼ねる金属製の皿状の弁蓋３が弾性弁体２
で排気孔1aを圧接閉塞するように載置され、この弁蓋３
の周縁鍔部がスポット溶接で封口板１に固定されて、安
全弁装置を形成している。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the vicinity of a safety valve of a sealed nickel cadmium battery used in this embodiment. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a sealing plate obtained by pressing a flat metal plate. Is provided with a gas exhaust hole 1a. On the sealing plate 1 including the exhaust hole 1a, a metal plate-shaped valve cover 3 also serving as a terminal plate and containing an elastic valve body 2 obtained by compression molding synthetic rubber or the like is provided.
And the valve hole 3a
Is fixed to the sealing plate 1 by spot welding to form a safety valve device.
第１表は、この実施例の安全弁装置として、弾性弁体
２の排気孔1aを閉塞する下面の直径を排気孔1aの直径の
2.2倍の一定値とし、封口板１の弾性弁体２に接する部
分の表面粗さを0.07〜３μmRaにそれぞれ変えて設定
し、蓄電池として組み立てたものを、温度70℃，湿度80
RH％の条件で１カ月貯蔵した後の弁作動圧の変化率と漏
液の有無を試験した結果を示す表である。Table 1 shows that the diameter of the lower surface of the elastic valve body 2 that closes the exhaust hole 1a is the diameter of the exhaust hole 1a as the safety valve device of this embodiment.
A constant value of 2.2 times, the surface roughness of the portion of the sealing plate 1 in contact with the elastic valve body 2 was changed to 0.07 to 3 μmRa, and the storage battery was assembled at a temperature of 70 ° C and a humidity of 80 ° C.
It is a table | surface which shows the test result of the change rate of the valve operating pressure after 1 month storage under the conditions of RH%, and the presence or absence of a liquid leak.
また第２図は横軸に弾性弁体２の下面直径と排気孔1a
直径の比を、縦軸にその作動圧変化率を表した実験デー
タであるが、実験の条件として封口板１の弾性弁体２に
接する部分の表面粗さを0.6μmRaの一定値とし、弾性弁
体２の封口板１に接し排気孔1aを閉塞する下面の直径を
排気孔1aの直径の1.2〜４倍にそれぞれ変えて設定し、
蓄電池として組み立てたものを、温度70℃の条件で３カ
月貯蔵した後の弁作動圧の平均変化率とバラツキ巾をを
示す図である。FIG. 2 shows the lower surface diameter of the elastic valve body 2 and the exhaust hole 1a on the horizontal axis.
The experimental data shows the ratio of the diameter and the rate of change of the operating pressure on the vertical axis. The surface roughness of the portion of the sealing plate 1 in contact with the elastic valve body 2 was set to a constant value of 0.6 μmRa as an experimental condition. The diameter of the lower surface that contacts the sealing plate 1 of the valve body 2 and closes the exhaust hole 1a is set to be 1.2 to 4 times the diameter of the exhaust hole 1a, respectively.
It is a figure which shows the average change rate of valve operating pressure, and the fluctuation | variation width after assembling as a storage battery at the temperature of 70 degreeC after storing for 3 months.
第１表によれば、封口板１の表面粗さが0.2未満で
は、封口板１と弾性弁体２との間で固着が起こるため弁
作動圧が上昇し、また表面粗さが1.5より粗くなると浸
透性の大きいアルカリ電解液では、漏液が発生してしま
うことがわかる。 According to Table 1, when the surface roughness of the sealing plate 1 is less than 0.2, sticking occurs between the sealing plate 1 and the elastic valve body 2, so that the valve operating pressure increases and the surface roughness becomes rougher than 1.5. It can be seen that, in the case of an alkaline electrolyte having high permeability, liquid leakage occurs.
また第２図に示す試験結果によれば、弾性弁体２の排
気孔1aを閉塞する下面の直径を、排気孔1aの直径の1.8
〜３倍としたとき、弁作動圧のバラツキも少なく安定し
た弁機能が得られることがわかる。According to the test results shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the lower surface that closes the exhaust hole 1a of the elastic valve body 2 is 1.8 times the diameter of the exhaust hole 1a.
It can be seen that when the value is up to three times, a stable valve function is obtained with little variation in valve operating pressure.
つまり弾性弁体２の排気孔1aを閉塞する下面の直径が
小さい場合は、弾性弁体２の位置ずれによる弁動作圧の
低いものが、また必要とする径より大きい場合は、封口
板１との関係が固着に近いものが生じ弁作動圧を高くす
る現象が発生して、それぞれの場合において弁作動圧の
バラツキを大きくするものと考えられる。That is, when the diameter of the lower surface closing the exhaust hole 1a of the elastic valve body 2 is small, the valve operating pressure due to the displacement of the elastic valve body 2 is low. It is considered that a phenomenon occurs in which the relationship is close to fixation, and a phenomenon occurs in which the valve operating pressure is increased, and in each case, the variation in the valve operating pressure is increased.
上記した試験結果より、安全弁の弾性弁体２は封口板
１に接し排気孔1aを閉塞する下面の直径が排気孔1aの直
径の1.8〜３倍であり、かつ封口板１の弾性弁体２に接
する部分の表面粗さは0.2〜1.5μmRaである条件が好ま
しいことが判明した。According to the above test results, the diameter of the lower surface of the elastic valve element 2 of the safety valve that is in contact with the sealing plate 1 and closes the exhaust hole 1a is 1.8 to 3 times the diameter of the exhaust hole 1a, and the elastic valve element 2 of the sealing plate 1 It has been found that a condition in which the surface roughness of the portion in contact with is 0.2 to 1.5 μmRa is preferable.
なお、この発明は上記実施例に限定されるものでな
く、要旨を変更しない範囲で変形して実施できる。The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified and implemented without changing the gist.
例えば、実施例では弾性弁体の下面が円形のものを説
明したが、多角形状のものでもよく、この多角形に内接
する内接円の直径が排気孔の直径の1.8〜３倍であると
きも同様の効果がえられる。For example, in the embodiment, the lower surface of the elastic valve body is described as being circular, but may be polygonal. When the diameter of the inscribed circle inscribed in this polygon is 1.8 to 3 times the diameter of the exhaust hole. Has the same effect.
また実施例では、弁蓋は端子板を兼ねるものを説明し
たが、それぞれは独立構成のものも実施できる。In the embodiment, the valve lid also serves as the terminal plate. However, the valve lid may have an independent configuration.
［発明の効果］ この発明によれば、上述したように安全弁装置を構成
することで、弾性弁体の位置ずれや封口板との固着によ
る安全弁作動圧のバラツキおよび高温下での貯蔵による
固着ならびに漏液を防止し、信頼性の高い密閉形電池を
提供できる。[Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention, by configuring the safety valve device as described above, variation in the operating pressure of the safety valve due to misalignment of the elastic valve body and adhesion to the sealing plate, and adhesion due to storage at a high temperature, and It is possible to prevent leakage and provide a highly reliable sealed battery.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例の安全弁装置付近を主体と
した部分断面図、第２図は同実施例の安全弁装置を使用
した密閉形電池において、横軸に弾性弁体の下面直径と
排気孔直径の比を、縦軸にその作動圧変化率を表した実
験データ、第３図は従来の安全弁装置を説明する部分断
面図である。 １……封口板、1a……排気孔 ２……弾性弁体、３……弁蓋FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view mainly showing the vicinity of a safety valve device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sealed battery using the safety valve device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining a conventional safety valve device, in which the vertical axis represents the ratio of the diameter of the exhaust port and the operating pressure change rate on the vertical axis. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sealing plate, 1a ... Exhaust hole 2 ... Elastic valve body, 3 ... Valve lid
Claims (1)
弁体で閉塞する密閉形電池の安全弁装置において、 前記弾性弁体の前記封口板に接する下面の最短径は前記
排気孔径の1.8倍以上,3倍以下であり、かつ前記封口板
の前記弾性弁体に接する部分の表面粗さは0.2μmRa以
上,1.5μmRa以下であることを特徴とする密閉形電池の
安全弁装置。1. A safety valve device for a sealed battery in which an exhaust hole of a sealing plate is closed by an elastic valve housed in a valve lid, wherein the shortest diameter of a lower surface of the elastic valve body in contact with the sealing plate is the diameter of the exhaust hole. A safety valve device for a sealed battery, wherein the surface roughness of a portion of the sealing plate contacting the elastic valve body is 0.2 μmRa or more and 1.5 μmRa or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1254621A JP2647974B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Sealed battery safety valve device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1254621A JP2647974B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Sealed battery safety valve device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03116653A JPH03116653A (en) | 1991-05-17 |
| JP2647974B2 true JP2647974B2 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
Family
ID=17267577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1254621A Expired - Lifetime JP2647974B2 (en) | 1989-09-29 | 1989-09-29 | Sealed battery safety valve device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2647974B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR0176430B1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1999-05-15 | 손욱 | Cap assembly of battery cell |
-
1989
- 1989-09-29 JP JP1254621A patent/JP2647974B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03116653A (en) | 1991-05-17 |
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