JP2599160C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JP2599160C JP2599160C JP2599160C JP 2599160 C JP2599160 C JP 2599160C JP 2599160 C JP2599160 C JP 2599160C
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- crude drug
- chickens
- disease
- water
- treating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、鶏のブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療剤並びに予防及び治療方法に関す
る。
さらに詳しくは、鶏のブドウ球菌症の生薬含有の予防及び治療剤並びに生薬を
投与することからなる予防及び治療方法に関する。
〔従来の技術〕
鶏のブドウ球菌症は、ブドウ球菌、即ちスタフィロコッカス アウレウス St
aphylococcus aureus の感染によって起こる疾病である。発生
率、死亡率ともに高く、養鶏業などへ与える産業的被害も大きいことから、鶏の
数ある疾病の中でその防除対策の確立が急がれる最も重要な疾病の一つである。
本疾病は、本疾病特有の浮腫性皮膚炎を初めとして、多種多様な病気をもたら
す。例えば、趾瘤症、趾端の乾脱疸、心内膜炎等である。また、本菌と他の病原
菌との混合感染も非常に多い。
このような重大な伝染病であるにもかかわらず、有効な対策はほとんどなく、
適切な飼育管理を行うことなどの対策がとられているが、実際には予防できない
ことが多い。
また、これまでに本疾病を予防及び治療するために、例えば抗生物質やその他
の抗菌剤を飼料と共に投与する方法も行なわれている。しかし、近年特に耐性菌
の発生や動物への抗生物質等の残留性の問題などがあって、抗生物質などの投与
を家禽等に対して行なうことは適当でないという気運が高まりつつある。従って
、抗生物質などを用いない本症の予防及び治療方法と予防及び治療剤の開発が望
まれている。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明者らは、上記の問題点を解決すべく研究した結果、ある種の生薬に本疾
病を抑制する効果があることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
即ち、本発明の目的は、鶏のブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療薬並びに同症の予防
及び治療方法を提供することにある。
本発明は、カンゾウ、オウレン、オウゴン、オウバク、コウボク、タンジン、
チモ、ダイオウ、クジン、ビワヨウ、ホップ、ヨウバイヒ、エンメイソウ、ゴバ
イシ、サンシュユ、シャクヤク、チユ及びマオウからなる群から選択された1種
または2種以上の生薬を含有する鶏のブドウ
球菌症の予防及び治療剤を提供するものである。
本発明はまた、原末の形態の生薬、有機溶剤、有機溶剤と水との混合物または
水で抽出して得られる生薬エキス、または生薬有効成分を含有する上記の鶏のブ
ドウ球菌症の予防及び治療剤を提供するものである。
本発明はまた生薬を飼料中に配合してなる鶏のブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療剤
を提供するものである。
さらに本発明はカンゾウ、オウレン、オウゴン、オウバク、コウボク、タンジ
ン、チモ、ダイオウ、クジン、ビワヨウ、ホップ、ヨウバイヒ、エンメイソウ、
ゴバイシ、サンシュユ、シャクヤク、チユ及びマオウからなる群から選択された
1種または2種以上の生薬の有効量を投与することからなる鶏のブドウ球菌症の
予防及び治療方法を提供するものである。
本発明はまた、原末の形態の生薬、有機溶剤、有機溶剤と水との混合物または
水で抽出して得られる生薬エキス、または生薬有効成分の形態で投与することか
らなる鶏のブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療方法を提供するものである。
本発明はまた生薬を飼料中に配合して投与することからなる鶏のブドウ球菌症
の予防及び治療方法を提供するものである。
glandulifera Regel et Herder)の根及び根茎をそのまま、またはコルク皮を除
いたものである。このものは成分としてグリシルリチン、リキ
薬として用いられている。
オウレン(黄連)は、オウレン(Coptis japonica Makino)の根茎か
ら細根を焼去ったものである。このものは成分としてベルベリン、パルマチン等
を含み、ヒトの健胃苦味、整腸薬として用いられている。
オウゴン(黄苓)は、コガネバナ(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)のコル
ク皮を除いた根である。このものは成分として、オーゴニンとバイカリンを含み
、ヒトの消炎、解熱薬として用いられている。
オウバク(黄柏)は、キハダ(Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht)またはそ
の他の同属他種植物の樹皮のコルク層を除いたものである。このものは成分とし
て、ベルベリン、パルマチン等を含み、ヒトの健胃、整腸、収れん及び消炎薬と
して用いられている。
コウボク(厚朴)は、ホオノキ(Magnolia obovata Thunberg)の樹及び枝の
皮である。このものは、成分として、マグノクラリン、主成分をマチロール、マ
グノロールとする精油を含み、ヒトの収れん性利尿、 タンジン(丹参)はタンジン(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)の根である。こ
のものは成分として、タンジノンI、II、クリプトタンジノンを含み、ヒトの強
壮、通経、婦人薬と月経不調、子宮出血、腹痛及び諸瘡癒に用いられる。
チモ(知母)は、ハナスゲ(Anemanhena asphodeloides Bunge)の根茎である
。このものは成分としてサポニン、ステロイドサポニン、タンニン等を含み、ヒ
トの消炎、解熱、止瀉、利尿、鎮痛薬として用いられている。
officinale Baillon)及び近縁植物の根茎の皮部をほとんど除去して縦割したも
のである。このものは成分として、アントラキノン誘導体とし
てのクリソファノール、エモジン、エモジンモノメチルエーテル等を含み、ヒト
の健胃苦味、緩下、消炎薬として慢性胃腸病、消化不良、便秘症に用いられてい
る。
クジン(苦参)は、クララ(Sophora augustifolia Siebold et Zuccarini)
の根をそのまゝまたはコルク皮の大部分を除いて横切または縦割したものである
。このものは成分としてマトリンを含み、ヒトの健胃、利尿、解熱、鎮痛及び殺
虫薬として用いる。
ビワヨウ(枇杷葉)は、ビワ(Eriobotrya japonica Lindley)の葉の軟毛を
できるだけ除いたものである。このものはブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、マルトース
等を成分として含み、ヒトの清涼、健胃薬として暑気あたりやその予防薬として
用いられていたものである。
このものは成分としてタンニン、フムロン、ルプロン等を含み、ビールの醸造に
おいて、苦味及び芳香を付けるために必要なものである。
ヨウバイヒ(楊梅皮)は、ヤマモモ(Myrica rubra Siebold et Zuccarini)
の樹皮である。このものは成分としてタンニン、ミリセチン及びミリシトリン等
を含み、ヒトの収れん薬として下痢に用い、また打撲症に効果がある。
エンメイソウ(延命草)は、ヒキオコシ(Isodon japonica Hara)またはクロ
バナヒキオコシ(Isodon trichocarpus Kudo)の茎葉である。このものは成分と
して、プレクトランチン及びエンメインを含み、ヒトの健胃苦味薬として消化不
良、食欲不振、腹痛等の治療に用いられる。
ゴバイシ(五倍子)は、ヌルデノミミフシアブラムシ(Melaphischinensis J
.Bell)の刺傷により主としてヌルデ(Rhus javanica
脂肪、樹脂等を含む。五倍子チンキ、タンニン酸、没食子酸、ピロガロールの製
造原料とされる。
サンシュユ(山莱萸)は、サンシュユ(Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucca
rini)の成熟した果実から種子を抽いたものである。このものは成分として結晶
性の有機酸、没食子酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸等を含む。ヒトの滋養、強壮、収れん
薬として用いられている。
シャクヤク(芍薬)は、シャクヤク(Paeonia albiflora Pallas var.trichoc
arpa Bunge)の根である。このものは成分として安息香酸、樹脂等を含み、ヒト
の収れん、緩和、鎮痛、鎮痙薬として用いられている。
チユ(地楡)は、ワレモコウ(Sanguisorba officinalis L.)の根部を採り、
乾燥したものである。このものは成分として、タンニン(17%)、サポニンを含み
、ヒトの止血収れん薬として、吐血、喀血、月経過多に用いられる。
マオウ(麻黄)は、マオウ(Ephedra sinica Stapf)の地上茎である。このも
のは成分として、l−エフェドリン、d−シュードエフェドリン等を含み、ヒト
の鎮咳、発汗、利尿薬として用いられている。
上記したように、本発明で用いる生薬のカンゾウ、オウレン、オウゴン、オウ
バク、コウボク、タンジン、チモ、ダイオウ、クジン、ビワヨウ、ホップ、ヨウ
バイヒ、エンメイソウ、ゴバイシ、サンシュユ、シャクヤク、チユ及びマオウの
夫々は、それらを単独でか、または組合わせてヒトの疾病の予防及び治療のため
に従来から使用されていたものである。しかし、これらを鶏の疾病の予防及び治
療の目的、殊に鶏の感染症
の予防及び治療の目的で使用する試みはこれまでになされたことがなかった。
本発明者らは、上記した生薬の薬効に着目して種々研究の結果、鶏のブドウ球
菌症即ち細菌のStaphylococcus aureusの感染により発生する疾病の予防及び治
療に、上記した生薬の1種または2種以上を組合わせて投与することが極めて有
効であることを見出して本発明を完成したのである。
即ち、下記するように、上記特定の種類の生薬及びそれらの抽出物がインビト
ロ及びインビボにおいて細菌Staphylococcus aureusに対し特異的に静菌作用及
び殺菌作用があることが明かになった。そしてこのStaphylococcus aureusに対
する抑制効果の結果、これら生薬を鶏に投与した場合にStaphylococcus aureus
に由来する鶏の疾病であるブドウ球菌症を予防及び治癒することができたのであ
る。
そして、この鶏に特有の疾病に対してこれら生薬及びその抽出物が有効である
ことは予想もしえなかったことで、本発明者らによってはじめて明らかにされた
ことである。
これら生薬は原末そのまま、または抽出エキス、生薬有効成分の形態で直接投
与したり、またこれらのものを飼料に添加したりあるいは溶液製剤、分散製剤、
半固形製剤、粉粒体製剤、成型製剤、浸出製剤、注射用製剤等に製剤化して使用
する。
抽出エキスは、例えば水、有機溶剤または水と有機溶剤との混合物を使用して
溶剤抽出し、それをそのままか、濃縮してか、希釈してか、または溶剤を除去し
て用いられる。
有機溶剤としては、例えばメタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノー
ル、n−ブタノール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、エーテル、塩化メチレン、クロロ
ホルム、ベンゼン、四塩化炭素、石油エーテル等が使用され、特にメタノール、
エタノールが望ましい。これらの有機溶剤は1種または2種以上の混合物として
用いることができる。
この溶剤抽出は、生薬をこれらの溶剤に冷浸または温浸して行うことができる
。冷浸の場合には15〜25℃、温浸の場合は35〜45℃の温度範囲で行うことができ
る。抽出時間は、抽出温度によって異なるが、一般的には約5日間または可溶性
成分が充分に溶けるまでとする。
生薬有効成分は、例えば上記抽出エキスをさらに各種溶剤を用いて振盪し、こ
の溶剤に移行する画分を採り出し、その溶剤を留去したものを有効画分、即ち有
効成分として用いることもできる。
この場合に使用される溶剤は、非極性溶剤例えば、低級脂肪族エーテル類(ジ
エチルエーテル、エチルメチルエーテル等);低級ハロゲンアルカン類(クロロ
ホルム、ジクロルエタン、ジブロモエタン等);ベンゼン類(ベンゼン、トルエ
ン、キシレン等);その他の石油系溶剤(石油エーテル、石油ベンゼン、リグロ
イン等)等が例としてあげられる。
また、この有効画分を採り出した残りの水溶液を、水及びある種の有機溶剤に
水を飽和させたものを使用することにより振盪抽出し、水洗し、残分である有機
溶剤層に移行する画分の溶剤を留去したものも、有効画分即ち有効成分として用
いることができる。この有効画分は上記の有効画分とは、物理化学的性質が異な
り、検出される成分も異なるものである。
投与量は、生薬の原末重量で換算して0.001mg/体重kg/日〜100g/
体重kg/日の範囲である。この量は予防剤として用いる場合と治療剤として用い
る場合では異なり、一般的には後者の方が投与量は多くなる。
投与方法は、経口投与または非経口投与することができ、非経口投与としては
筋肉内投与、腹腔内投与、経皮投与、経鼻投与、静脈内投与等が可能である。
〔発明の効果〕
以上詳述したように、本発明によれば鶏のブドウ球菌症の有効な予防及び治療
剤並びに有効な予防及び治療方法が提供される。
本発明の予防及び治療剤は生薬またはそれから得られるエキス等を主薬とする
ため、抗生物質等の場合の耐性菌の発生や副作用の問題が全くなく、安心して投
与することができる。
また、薬剤の残留による人体への影響の心配がないため、卵用鶏、肉用鶏に対
するブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療のための薬物として適当である。
さらに、抗生物質等を用いる場合に比べて、安価に同疾病を予防及び治療する
ことができる。
以下本発明を試験例及び実施例によりさらに詳しく説明する。
試験例 1
Staphylococcus aureusの各種生薬に対する感受性を調べた。
各種生薬を、生薬に対し7倍量の50%エタノール水溶液中に加え、16時間抽出
してアルコール抽出物とした。
抽出物を直径8mmのディスクに25μlずつしみ込ませ乾燥させた。このディス
クを(Staphylococcus aureus)の菌株を塗ったハート・インフュージョン寒天
培地に置き、37℃で18時間培養した後阻止円の直径を
測定した。
次にその試験結果を示せば表1のとおりである。実施例 1
基礎飼料
とうもろこし 402重量部
マ イ ロ 240 〃
ふ す ま 40 〃
大 豆 粕 160 〃
な た ね 粕 40重量部
魚 粉 35 〃
イエローグリス 7 〃
炭酸カルシウム 70 〃
第3りん酸カルシウム 2 〃
食 塩 2 〃
プレミックス 2 〃
前記基礎飼料にカンゾウ粉末を重量比で4%添加し供試飼料とした。
150日令の健康な鶏20羽に前記供試飼料を自由に摂餌させた。そして試験開始
から5日目にブドウ球菌発生鶏から分離されたプロテアーゼ産生Staphylococcus
aureusを鶏1羽当たり108個/mlを1ml右側頭部の皮下に投与した。次に投与20
日後に接種部位の腫張、剖検所見及び接種部位からの菌の回収を行った。
また対照区は前記供試飼料に代えて前記基礎飼料を与えた。
その結果感染後の鶏のうち接種部位の腫張の見られた鶏は本発明の試験区では
5羽であったが対照区では18羽であった。
また剖検所見では接種部位にチーズ様物のみられたものが本発明の試験区では
5羽であったが、対照区は18羽であった。さらに接種部位からの菌回収では試験
区においては5羽しか菌回収できなかったが、対照区では18羽から菌が回収され
た。
実施例 2〜18
実施例1においてカンゾウの代わりに下記表2に示す生薬を1%添加した以外
は実施例1と同様に行った。
次にその試験結果を示せば表2のとおりである。
実施例 19
カンゾウ、オウレン、オウゴン、オウバク、コウボク、タンジン、チモ、ダイ
オウ、クジン、ビワヨウ、ホップ、ヨウバイヒ、エンメイソウ、ゴバイシ、サン
シュユ、シャクヤク、チユ及びマオウの各々を1kgとり、これを夫々10lの水に
入れ、100℃で1時間抽出した。各々の水抽出物を1000倍に希釈し抽出エキスと
した。
150日令の鶏を10羽使用し、抽出エキスを水代わりに給与した。飼料は実施例
1で使用したものと同じ基礎飼料を用いた。また対照区は抽出エキスの代わりに
水を与えた。そして試験開始から5日目にブドウ球菌発生鶏から分離されたプロ
テアーゼ産生Staphylococcus aureusを1羽当たり108個/mlを1ml右側頭部皮下
に投与して感染させ、その後20日間感染前と同じように飼育した。
その結果感染後20日目の接種部位の腫張を示す鶏羽数、剖検所見における接種
部位のチーズ様物のある鶏の羽数及び菌回収された鶏の羽数においてすべての試
験区で対照区より優れていた。The present invention relates to an agent for preventing and treating staphylococci in chickens and a method for preventing and treating the disease. More specifically, the present invention relates to a prophylactic and therapeutic agent containing a crude drug for staphylococcal disease in chickens and a method for preventing and treating comprising a crude drug. [Background Art] Staphylococcal disease in chickens is caused by staphylococci, namely Staphylococcus aureus St.
aphylococcus aureus is a disease caused by infection. Since the incidence and mortality are both high and the industrial damage to the poultry industry is large, it is one of the most important diseases for which the establishment of control measures is urgently required among the many diseases of chickens. The disease causes a wide variety of illnesses, including edema dermatitis specific to the disease. For example, aneurysm, dry endearing of the toe end, endocarditis and the like. In addition, the number of mixed infections of this bacterium with other pathogens is extremely large. Despite this serious epidemic, there are few effective countermeasures.
Measures such as appropriate breeding management are taken, but in many cases, prevention is not practical. In addition, in order to prevent and treat the disease, a method of administering, for example, an antibiotic or another antibacterial agent together with a feed has also been performed. However, in recent years, there is a growing problem that it is not appropriate to administer antibiotics and the like to poultry and the like due to the occurrence of resistant bacteria and the persistence of antibiotics and the like in animals. Therefore, development of a method for preventing and treating this disease without using an antibiotic or the like and an agent for preventing and treating the disease are desired. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that certain crude drugs have an effect of suppressing the disease, and completed the present invention. Was. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a preventive and therapeutic agent for staphylococcal disease in chickens and a method for preventing and treating the same. The present invention relates to liquorice, spinach, orange gourd, oubaku, kouboku, tanjin,
Prevention and treatment of staphylococcal disease in chickens containing one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of timo, rhubarb, kujin, loquat, hops, oleander, enmeso, gobishi, sanshuyu, peonies, chiyu and ephedra The agent is provided. The present invention also provides crude drug in the form of bulk powder, an organic solvent, a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water or a mixture of an organic solvent and water, or prevention of the above-mentioned chicken staphylococcal disease containing a crude drug active ingredient. It provides a therapeutic agent. The present invention also provides a preventive and therapeutic agent for staphylococcal disease in chickens, which contains a crude drug in feed. Further, the present invention provides liquorice, spinach, orange gourd, oubaku, kouboku, tanjin, timo, rhubarb, kujin, loquat, hops, oleander, enmeiso,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and treating chicken staphylococci, which comprises administering an effective amount of one or more crude drugs selected from the group consisting of Gobishi, Sanshuyu, Peony, Chiyu and Ephedra. The present invention also provides a crude drug in a bulk form, an organic solvent, a crude drug extract obtained by extraction with water or a mixture of an organic solvent and water, or a staphylococcal disease in chickens, which is administered in the form of a crude drug active ingredient. And a method for preventing and treating the disease. The present invention also provides a method for preventing and treating staphylococci in chickens, which comprises administering a crude drug in a feed. glandulifera Regel et Herder) without any roots or rhizomes, or without cork skin. It is composed of glycyrrhizin, It is used as a medicine. Spinach (Yellow) is burnt fine roots from rhizomes of spinach (Coptis japonica Makino). It contains berberine, palmatin and the like as components, and is used as a stomach stomach in humans and as an intestinal medicine. Ougon (huangling) is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi excluding the cork skin. It contains agonine and baicalin as components and is used as a human anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug. Oak (huangkashi) is the bark of the yellowfin (Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht) or other congeners of the same species without the cork layer. It contains berberine, palmatin and the like as components, and is used as a stomachic, intestinal astringent, astringent and anti-inflammatory drug for humans. Koboku is a bark of the tree and branches of Magnolia obovata Thunberg. This product contains, as an ingredient, magnoclarin, the main component is methylol, an essential oil with magnolol, astringent diuresis in humans, Tanjin is the root of tanjin (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). It contains tandinone I, II and cryptotandinone as components and is used for human tonicity, menstruation, feminine medicine and menstrual disorders, uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and acne healing. Chimo (chimbo) is the rhizome of Hananesuge (Anemanhena asphodeloides Bunge). It contains saponin, steroid saponin, tannin and the like as components and is used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, diuretic, and analgesic in humans. officinale Baillon) and the relatives of the rhizomes of the rhizomes were almost completely removed and vertically divided. It contains chrysophanol, emodin, emodin monomethyl ether and the like as anthraquinone derivatives as components, and is used for human gastric stomach bitterness, laxity, and as an anti-inflammatory drug for chronic gastrointestinal diseases, indigestion, and constipation. . Kujin is a clara (Sophora augustifolia Siebold et Zuccarini)
The roots are cut or cut vertically except for most of the root or cork skin. It contains matrine as an ingredient and is used as a stomachic, diuretic, antipyretic, analgesic and insecticide in humans. Loquat (loquat leaf) is obtained by removing the soft hair of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindley) leaves as much as possible. It contains glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, and the like as components, and has been used as a cool and stomach medicine for humans and as a preventive for hot weather. It contains tannin, humulone, lupulon and the like as components and is necessary for imparting bitterness and aroma in beer brewing. Bayberry (Plum bark) is a bayberry (Myrica rubra Siebold et Zuccarini)
Is the bark. It contains tannin, myricetin, myricitrin and the like as components, is used as astringent in humans for diarrhea, and is effective for bruises. Enmeiso (extended lifegrass) is a foliage of a sprouts (Isodon japonica Hara) or a black sprouts (Isodon trichocarpus Kudo). It contains plectrantin and emmain as components and is used as a human stomach bitter medicine for the treatment of indigestion, anorexia, abdominal pain and the like. Gobishi (Fifty-five) is a nuldenomimifabibushi (Melaphischinensis J
. Bell stab wounds mainly due to Nurde (Rhus javanica) Contains fats, resins, etc. It is used as a raw material for producing quintuple tincture, tannic acid, gallic acid, and pyrogallol. Sanshuyu (Sanshuyu), Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucca
rini) is a seed extracted from the mature fruit. It contains as components crystalline organic acids, gallic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and the like. It is used as a nourishing, tonic and astringent medicine for humans. Peonies (Paeonia albiflora Pallas var.trichoc)
arpa Bunge). It contains benzoic acid, resin and the like as components and is used as astringent, relieving, analgesic and antispasmodic drugs for humans. Chiyu (Jiyu) takes the root of Warm grew (Sanguisorba officinalis L.),
It is dry. It contains tannin (17%) and saponin as components, and is used as a hemostatic astringent in humans for hematemesis, hemoptysis, and menorrhagia. Ephedra (Ephedra) is the aboveground stem of Ephedra (Ephedra sinica Stapf). It contains l-ephedrine, d-pseudoephedrine and the like as components and is used as an antitussive, sweating and diuretic in humans. As described above, each of the crude drugs used in the present invention, licorice, spinach, red oak, oak, oak, kouboku, tanjin, timo, rhubarb, kujin, loquat, hops, leopard, emmeiso, gobishi, sanshuyu, peony, chiyu and ephedra, They have been conventionally used alone or in combination for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. However, no attempt has been made to use them for the purpose of preventing and treating chicken diseases, in particular, for preventing and treating chicken infections. The present inventors have conducted various studies focusing on the medicinal effects of the above crude drugs. As a result of the various studies, one or two of the above crude drugs were used for the prevention and treatment of staphylococcal disease in chickens, a disease caused by infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The inventors have found that it is extremely effective to administer a combination of species or more, and have completed the present invention. That is, as described below, it became clear that the above-mentioned specific types of crude drugs and their extracts have specific bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. And as a result of this inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, when these crude drugs were administered to chickens, Staphylococcus aureus
It was possible to prevent and cure staphylococcal disease, which is a disease of chickens caused by the disease. Then, it was not expected that these crude drugs and their extracts would be effective against diseases specific to the chicken, and this was first revealed by the present inventors. These crude drugs can be directly administered in the form of the raw powder, or in the form of an extract or crude drug active ingredient, or they can be added to feed or used as a solution, dispersion,
It is formulated into semisolid preparations, granular preparations, molded preparations, leaching preparations, injection preparations and the like. The extraction extract is used, for example, by solvent extraction using water, an organic solvent or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, and then directly extracting, concentrating, diluting, or removing the solvent. Examples of the organic solvent include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether, methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and petroleum ether.
Ethanol is preferred. These organic solvents can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. This solvent extraction can be performed by cold or hot digestion of the crude drug in these solvents. In the case of cold immersion, it can be carried out in a temperature range of 15 to 25 ° C, and in the case of hot immersion, it can be carried out in a temperature range of 35 to 45 ° C. The extraction time depends on the extraction temperature, but is generally about 5 days or until the soluble components are sufficiently dissolved. The crude drug active ingredient is, for example, the above extract is further shaken using various solvents, a fraction that is transferred to the solvent is taken out, and the solvent is distilled off, and the effective fraction, that is, the active ingredient can be used as the active ingredient. . Solvents used in this case are non-polar solvents such as lower aliphatic ethers (diethyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, etc.); lower halogen alkanes (chloroform, dichloroethane, dibromoethane, etc.); benzenes (benzene, toluene, Xylene, etc.); and other petroleum solvents (petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ligroin, etc.). The remaining aqueous solution obtained by extracting the effective fraction is shake-extracted by using water and a certain organic solvent saturated with water, washed with water, and transferred to an organic solvent layer as a residue. The solvent obtained by distilling off the solvent of the fraction to be used can also be used as an effective fraction, that is, an active ingredient. This effective fraction differs from the above-mentioned effective fraction in the physicochemical properties and the detected components are also different. The dose is in the range of 0.001 mg / kg of body weight / day to 100 g / kg of body weight / day in terms of the crude powder of crude drug. This amount differs between the case where it is used as a prophylactic agent and the case where it is used as a therapeutic agent, and generally the latter dose is larger. The method of administration can be oral or parenteral, and parenteral administration can be intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, nasal, intravenous, and the like. [Effects of the Invention] As described above in detail, the present invention provides an effective agent for preventing and treating staphylococci in chickens and an effective method for preventing and treating the disease. Since the prophylactic and therapeutic agent of the present invention is mainly composed of a crude drug or an extract obtained therefrom, there is no problem of the occurrence of resistant bacteria or side effects in the case of antibiotics and the like, and the agent can be administered with confidence. Further, since there is no concern about the effect of the residual drug on the human body, it is suitable as a drug for preventing and treating staphylococcal disease in chickens for eggs and chickens for meat. Furthermore, the disease can be prevented and treated at a lower cost than in the case where an antibiotic or the like is used. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Test Examples and Examples. Test Example 1 The susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to various crude drugs was examined. Various crude drugs were added to a 50% aqueous ethanol solution 7 times the amount of the crude drug and extracted for 16 hours to obtain an alcohol extract. The extract was infiltrated into an 8 mm diameter disk by 25 μl and dried. The disc was placed on a heart infusion agar medium coated with a strain of (Staphylococcus aureus), cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours, and then the diameter of the inhibition circle was measured. Next, Table 1 shows the test results. Example 1 Basic feed Corn 402 parts by weight Micro 240 240 Bran 40 〃 Soybean meal 160 な Nana seed meal 40 parts by weight Fish meal 35 イ エ ロ ー Yellow grease 7 カ ル シ ウ ム Calcium carbonate 70 〃 Tertiary calcium phosphate 2 〃 Salt 2 〃 Premix 2 カ ン Licorice powder was added to the above basic feed at 4% by weight to prepare a test feed. Twenty healthy 150-day-old chickens were fed the test feed freely. On the 5th day from the start of the test, protease-producing Staphylococcus isolated from a staphylococcal outbreak chicken
S. aureus was administered 10 8 cells / ml per chickens subcutaneously in 1ml right temporal. Next administration 20
One day later, swelling of the inoculation site, necropsy findings, and collection of bacteria from the inoculation site were performed. In the control group, the basal feed was given instead of the test feed. As a result, among the chickens after the infection, 5 chickens showed swelling at the inoculation site in the test plot of the present invention, but 18 chickens in the control plot. At necropsy findings, 5 cheeses were found at the inoculation site in the test plot of the present invention, whereas 18 rats were found in the control plot. Furthermore, in the recovery of bacteria from the inoculation site, only 5 birds could be recovered in the test plot, but in the control plot, bacteria were recovered from 18 birds. Examples 2 to 18 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 1% of crude drugs shown in Table 2 below were added instead of Licorice. Next, the test results are shown in Table 2. Example 19 1kg of each of liquorice, spinach, orange gourd, oubaku, kokuboku, tanjin, chimo, rhubarb, kujin, loquat, hops, sycamore, emmeisou, gobishi, sanshuyu, peony, chiyu and ephedra, each with 10 l of water And extracted at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. Each water extract was diluted 1000 times to obtain an extract. Extracts were used instead of water using 10 150-day-old chickens. As the feed, the same basic feed as that used in Example 1 was used. In the control group, water was given instead of the extract. On the 5th day from the start of the test, 10 8 cells / ml of a protease-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a staphylococci-producing chicken was subcutaneously administered to the right head at a dose of 10 8 cells / ml, followed by infection for 20 days as before. Bred. As a result, control was performed in all test plots on the number of chickens showing swelling at the inoculation site on day 20 after infection, the number of chickens with cheese-like material at the inoculation site and the number of chickens recovered at the inoculation site on autopsy findings. Ward was better.
Claims (1)
イオウ、クジン、ビワヨウ、ホップ、ヨウバイヒ、エンメイソウ、ゴバイシ、サ
ンシュユ、シャクヤク、チユ及びマオウからなる群から選択された1種または2
種以上の生薬を含有する鶏のブドウ球菌症の予防及び治療剤。 2)生薬が原末の形態である特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の予防及び治療剤。 3)生薬が有機溶剤、水と有機溶剤との混合物または水で抽出した生薬エキス及
び/またはそれから得られる生薬有効成分である特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の
予防及び治療剤。 4)生薬が、飼料中に配合されてなる特許請求の範囲第1項に記載の予防及び治
療剤。[Claims] 1) selected from the group consisting of liquorice, spinach, orange gourd, oakaku, kouboku, tanjin, timo, rhubarb, kujin, loquat, hops, biloba, emmeiso, gobishi, sanshuyu, peony, chiyu and ephedra. One or two
An agent for preventing and treating staphylococci in chickens, comprising at least one kind of crude drug. 2) The prophylactic and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is in bulk form. 3) The preventive and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is an organic solvent, a mixture of water and an organic solvent, or a crude drug extract extracted with water and / or a crude drug active ingredient obtained therefrom. 4) The prophylactic and therapeutic agent according to claim 1, wherein the crude drug is blended in the feed.
Family
ID=
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