JP2586202B2 - Aluminum alloy cylinder head for diesel engine - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy cylinder head for diesel engineInfo
- Publication number
- JP2586202B2 JP2586202B2 JP2291894A JP29189490A JP2586202B2 JP 2586202 B2 JP2586202 B2 JP 2586202B2 JP 2291894 A JP2291894 A JP 2291894A JP 29189490 A JP29189490 A JP 29189490A JP 2586202 B2 JP2586202 B2 JP 2586202B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cooling water
- cylinder head
- aluminum alloy
- corrosion
- water passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は、ディーゼルエンジン用アルミニウム合金
製シリンダヘッドに係り、特に、アルミニウム合金製シ
リンダヘッドの高温腐食部位にその耐食性を改善するた
めに耐食性部材を設けたディーゼルエンジン用アルミニ
ウム合金製シリンダヘッドに関する。Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy cylinder head for a diesel engine, and more particularly to a corrosion-resistant member for improving the corrosion resistance of a high-temperature corrosion site of an aluminum alloy cylinder head. The present invention relates to a cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy for a diesel engine provided with the above.
［従来の技術］ 渦流燃焼室式または予燃焼室式ディーゼルエンジンの
シリンダヘッドにおいて、シリンダヘッドの多くは、吸
気・排気バルブシート間に冷却水を通すための穴を有し
て形成されている。冷却の主な目的は、燃焼によりシリ
ンダヘッドの高温となる部分を適切な温度に保ち、シリ
ンダヘッド材料の熱疲労を軽減して熱亀裂を防ぎその耐
久性を確保するためである。しかしヨーロッパなどのよ
うに腐食性イオン（特に塩素イオン）を多く含む水をエ
ンジンの冷却水として使用せざるをえない地域では、ア
ルミニウム合金製シリンダヘッドの特に高温側の冷却水
通路に腐食（孔食）が発生し、場合によっては水洩れに
よりエンジン破損に至ってしまうことがある。このアル
ミニウムの腐食は、環境条件（水、LLC性状、流速、温
度），材料条件（成分、組成、応力、異種金属接触）の
適当な組合わせによって発生してしまうが、その地域の
自然・市場条件や技術的・経済的条件の制約により水、
LLC性状、材料成分で対処していくことはきわめて困難
なものとなっている。このためエンジン側での通常の対
策として、熱的に厳しい部分（腐食が発生しやすい部
分）の肉厚をウォータジャケット側に厚くして高温腐食
部の温度を低減し、腐食反応の活性化を抑制する方法
や、冷却水通路にステンレスなどの耐食製金属材料から
構成されたパイプを圧入して冷却水通路を腐食から保護
する方法（実開昭55−4330号）が講じられている。2. Description of the Related Art In a cylinder head of a vortex combustion chamber type or pre-combustion chamber type diesel engine, most of the cylinder heads are formed to have holes for passing cooling water between intake and exhaust valve seats. The main purpose of the cooling is to maintain the temperature of the portion of the cylinder head that becomes hot due to combustion at an appropriate temperature, reduce thermal fatigue of the cylinder head material, prevent thermal cracks, and ensure its durability. However, in regions such as Europe where water containing a large amount of corrosive ions (especially chlorine ions) must be used as engine cooling water, corrosion (holes) may occur in the cooling water passages on the aluminum alloy cylinder head, especially on the hot side. Eclipse), and in some cases, water leakage may lead to engine damage. This aluminum corrosion is caused by an appropriate combination of environmental conditions (water, LLC properties, flow rate, temperature) and material conditions (components, composition, stress, dissimilar metal contact). Water, due to constraints of conditions and technical and economic conditions
It is extremely difficult to deal with LLC properties and material components. Therefore, as a normal measure on the engine side, the thickness of the thermally severe parts (the parts where corrosion is likely to occur) is increased on the water jacket side to reduce the temperature of the hot corrosion parts and activate the corrosion reaction. A method of suppressing the cooling water and a method of press-fitting a pipe made of a corrosion-resistant metal material such as stainless steel into the cooling water passage to protect the cooling water passage from corrosion (No. 55-4330).
［発明が解決しようとする課題］ しかし、前者においては実際的に腐食との関係におい
て肉厚のバランスのとれた設計が困難であるためシリン
ダヘッド下面や燃焼室周りの温度低下が十分にできなか
った。特にターボチャージャー付きなどの高出力エンジ
ンではこのバランス調整が困難なためにその商品化を断
念せざるを得ない場合も起きている。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the former, it is practically difficult to design a well-balanced wall thickness in relation to corrosion, so that the temperature at the lower surface of the cylinder head and around the combustion chamber cannot be sufficiently reduced. Was. Particularly in the case of a high-powered engine with a turbocharger or the like, it has been difficult to adjust the balance, and in some cases it has been necessary to give up commercializing the engine.
また後者は、冷却水に直接放熱できない構造のため冷
却性の点で未だ十分なものとはいえなかった。In addition, the latter cannot be said to be sufficient in terms of cooling performance because it cannot directly radiate heat to the cooling water.
本発明の第１の目的は、上記冷却水通路の内面に、冷
却水の流れを妨げることのないように、かつ、シリンダ
ヘッドから冷却水に直接放熱が可能なように電気的防食
部材を設けたディーゼルエンジン用アルミニウム合金製
シリンダヘッドを提供するにある。A first object of the present invention is to provide an electric anticorrosion member on the inner surface of the cooling water passage so as not to hinder the flow of the cooling water and to radiate heat directly from the cylinder head to the cooling water. To provide an aluminum alloy cylinder head for a diesel engine.
本発明の第２の目的は、吸気・排気ポート間の隔壁の
予燃焼室側の肉厚をウォータジャケット側に***させて
厚肉部を形成したディーゼルエンジン用アルミニウム合
金製シリンダヘッドの冷却性を改善しつつ燃焼室壁の高
温腐食部の孔食を防止したディーゼルエンジン用アルミ
ニウム合金製シリンダヘッドを提供するにある。A second object of the present invention is to improve the cooling performance of a cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy for a diesel engine, in which the thickness of the partition wall between the intake and exhaust ports on the pre-combustion chamber side is raised toward the water jacket to form a thick portion. An object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy for a diesel engine, which is improved while preventing pitting of a high-temperature corroded portion of a combustion chamber wall.
［課題を解決するための手段］ 第１の発明は、吸気・排気ポート間の隔壁内にウォー
タジャケット内に連通させて直線状冷却水通路を形成
し、該通路の高温腐食部に、アルミニウムに対し電位的
に貴な耐食性金属材料からＣ形又は十字形の断面に成形
されたカソード部材を一体的に嵌合して設けたものであ
る。[Means for Solving the Problems] A first aspect of the present invention is to form a linear cooling water passage in a partition between an intake port and an exhaust port so as to communicate with a water jacket. On the other hand, a cathode member formed into a C-shaped or cross-shaped cross section from a corrosion-resistant metal material having a noble potential is integrally fitted and provided.
第２の発明は、吸気・排気ポート間の予燃焼室側の隔
壁をウォータジャケット側に***させて厚肉部を形成
し、上記厚肉部を含むその近傍にアルミニウムより電位
的に貴な耐食性金属材料から形成されたカソード部材
を、ウォータジャケット内に露出させて埋設したもので
ある。According to a second aspect of the present invention, the partition wall on the side of the pre-combustion chamber between the intake and exhaust ports is raised toward the water jacket to form a thick portion, and the vicinity including the thick portion is more corrosion-resistant than aluminum than the aluminum. A cathode member made of a metal material is exposed and embedded in a water jacket.
［作用］ 第１の発明においてＣ形又は十字形の断面に成形され
たカソード部材は、冷却水通路の内面に直接接触する部
分と、冷却水通路の内面を冷却水に開放する部分とを有
しており、これにより冷却水通路を区画する吸気・排気
ポート間の隔壁、特に高温腐食部側は、冷却水により直
接及び間接的に冷却される。このため従来（実開昭55−
4330号）のように耐食性金属から構成されたパイプで冷
却水通路の内面の全てと冷却水から隔離して間接的に冷
却するように構成したものとは異なって隔壁から有効に
熱が奪われるようになり、冷却性が大巾に改善され熱負
荷が減少するようになる。またカソード部材はＣ形又は
十字形の断面に成形されたことにより、隔壁の剛性を向
上させるための部材としても機能する。そしてカソード
部材は、水素（H+）の放電をカソード表面で起させ、冷
却水通路を含むシリンダヘッドをアノードとしてアルミ
ニウム合金を不働態化する防食作用を発揮する。[Operation] The cathode member formed into a C-shaped or cross-shaped cross section in the first invention has a portion that directly contacts the inner surface of the cooling water passage and a portion that opens the inner surface of the cooling water passage to the cooling water. As a result, the partition wall between the intake and exhaust ports defining the cooling water passage, particularly on the hot corrosion side, is directly and indirectly cooled by the cooling water. For this reason, the conventional
Unlike pipes made of corrosion-resistant metal such as No. 4330), heat is effectively taken away from the bulkhead unlike pipes that are configured to indirectly cool the entire inner surface of the cooling water passage and the cooling water by isolating them from the cooling water. As a result, the cooling performance is greatly improved and the heat load is reduced. Further, since the cathode member is formed into a C-shaped or cross-shaped cross section, it also functions as a member for improving the rigidity of the partition. The cathode member generates a discharge of hydrogen (H + ) on the surface of the cathode, and exhibits an anticorrosion action of passivating the aluminum alloy using the cylinder head including the cooling water passage as an anode.
第２の発明においては、カソード部材が予燃焼室側の
厚肉部に埋設されることによって厚肉部の肉厚を薄くし
て実質的に冷却性を向上させ隔壁の熱負荷を低減する。
また、第１の発明と同様に厚肉部の剛性を損ねることな
く、カソード部材によるカソード作用を発揮して燃焼室
壁及びその近傍のアルミニウム合金の孔食を防止する。In the second aspect, the cathode member is buried in the thick portion on the pre-combustion chamber side, thereby reducing the thickness of the thick portion, substantially improving the cooling performance, and reducing the thermal load on the partition.
Further, similarly to the first aspect, the cathode member exerts a cathode action without impairing the rigidity of the thick portion, thereby preventing pitting of the aluminum alloy in the combustion chamber wall and the vicinity thereof.
［実施例］ 以下に本発明の好適一実施例を添付図面に基づいて説
明する。Embodiment A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
（実施例１） 第１図には本発明に係るディーゼルエンジン用アルミ
ニウム合金製シリンダヘッドの断面が、第３図には第１
図のII−II線断面が、第４図には第１図のIII−III線断
面が示されている。(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an aluminum alloy cylinder head for a diesel engine according to the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 4 shows a cross section taken along the line II-II, and FIG. 4 shows a cross section taken along the line III-III in FIG.
図示されているように、シリンダヘッド１には、予燃
焼室としての渦流燃焼室２を形成する燃焼室壁３、吸気
ポート４及び排気ポート５をそれぞれ形成する管壁６及
び管壁７、吸・排気弁8,9をそれぞれ摺動自在に収容す
る弁案内筒部10,11、インジェクタ収容部12及びグロー
プラグ収容部13を除く他の部分を空洞化させて一連のウ
ォータージャケット14が形成されている。シリンダヘッ
ド１の下面には、吸気ポート４と排気ポート５との間に
該当する部位をその一側壁側から穿孔して吸気ポート４
と排気ポート５間の隔壁15内を通り、かつウォータージ
ャケット14に面した上記燃焼室壁３の下部外面に臨むよ
うに開口させて冷却水通路16が形成されている。そして
この冷却水通路16には、シリンダ17側面から穿孔された
別の冷却水通路18が接続されている。19aは冷却水通路1
6の他端を閉じるための栓部材であり、冷却水通路16の
他端に螺合して設けられている。As shown in the figure, a cylinder head 1 has a combustion chamber wall 3 forming a vortex combustion chamber 2 as a pre-combustion chamber, a pipe wall 6 and a pipe wall 7 respectively forming an intake port 4 and an exhaust port 5, and a suction chamber. -A series of water jackets 14 are formed by hollowing out the other parts except the valve guide cylinder parts 10, 11 that slidably accommodate the exhaust valves 8, 9 respectively, the injector accommodation part 12, and the glow plug accommodation part 13. ing. On the lower surface of the cylinder head 1, a portion corresponding to a portion between the intake port 4 and the exhaust port 5 is pierced from one side wall thereof to form the intake port 4.
A cooling water passage 16 is formed so as to pass through the inside of the partition wall 15 between the exhaust port 5 and the opening so as to face the lower outer surface of the combustion chamber wall 3 facing the water jacket 14. The cooling water passage 16 is connected to another cooling water passage 18 pierced from the side of the cylinder 17. 19a is cooling water passage 1
6 is a plug member for closing the other end of the cooling water passage 6, and is provided to be screwed to the other end of the cooling water passage 16.
さて本発明の目的は、冷却水通路16の冷却性を妨げる
ことないようにこの冷却水通路16の腐食部、特に高温腐
食部の腐食（孔食）を防止することにある。An object of the present invention is to prevent corrosion (pitting) of a corroded portion of the cooling water passage 16, particularly a high-temperature corroded portion, so as not to hinder the cooling performance of the cooling water passage 16.
そこで本発明では第３図または第４図にそれぞれ示さ
れているように上記冷却水通路16の最も熱的に厳しくま
た沸騰が生じやすい燃焼室壁３側に、Ｃ形または十字形
断面に形成されたカソード部材17a,17bがそれぞれ圧入
により嵌合されている。但しＣ形断面のカソード部材17
aのスリットは下方のシリンダ側に臨ませて設けられて
いる。またこれらのカソード部材17a,17bは、アルミニ
ウムのカソード材として良好なステンレスまたはジルコ
ニウムなどの耐食性金属材料から構成されている。Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the cooling water passage 16 is formed into a C-shaped or cross-shaped cross section on the side of the combustion chamber wall 3 which is the most thermally severe and tends to boil. The cathode members 17a and 17b are fitted by press fitting. However, cathode member 17 with C-shaped cross section
The slit a is provided facing the lower cylinder side. These cathode members 17a and 17b are made of a corrosion-resistant metal material such as stainless steel or zirconium, which is a good aluminum cathode material.
次にこの実施例の作用を説明する。 Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
Ｃ形断面のカソード部材17a又は十字形断面のカソー
ド部材17bは、それぞれ冷却水通路16の内面の一部を冷
却水に開放し、かつ冷却水の流れを阻害することなく良
好に通過させる。このため、従来の問題となっていた隔
壁15の冷却性が改善され、隔壁15の熱疲労が軽減される
ようになる。また、これらカソード部材17a,17bは、水
素（H+）の放電を、アルミニウムと保護作用のある酸化
物皮膜との境界ではなくカソード表面で起こすため、酸
化物皮膜の破壊をなくし、アルミニウムの腐食を防止す
る。カソード部材17a,17bはまたアルミニウムと電気的
に接触（結合）されることによりカソード部分を作りア
ルミニウム合金を不働態化する。このため、冷却水通路
16内面の高温腐食部を含むその近傍は腐食（孔食）から
保護される。The cathode member 17a having a C-shaped cross-section or the cathode member 17b having a cross-shaped cross-section opens a part of the inner surface of the cooling water passage 16 to the cooling water, and allows the cooling water to pass well without obstructing the flow of the cooling water. For this reason, the cooling performance of the partition 15 which has been a problem in the related art is improved, and the thermal fatigue of the partition 15 is reduced. In addition, since the cathode members 17a and 17b cause discharge of hydrogen (H + ) not at the boundary between aluminum and the oxide film having a protective function but at the cathode surface, the breakdown of the oxide film is eliminated and the corrosion of aluminum is prevented. To prevent The cathode members 17a and 17b are also electrically contacted (coupled) with aluminum to form a cathode portion and passivate the aluminum alloy. For this reason, the cooling water passage
16 The area including the hot corrosion area on the inner surface is protected from corrosion (pitting).
（実施例２） 第２図に示すように、この実施例は、高温腐食部とな
る吸気・排気ポート4,5間の隔壁15を冷却するために、
上記冷却水通路16は形成せずに、渦流燃焼室２側の隔壁
15をウォータジャケット14側に***させて厚肉部19を形
成したものである。そしてこの厚肉部19にはそのウォー
タジャケット14側に、その上面を露出させて鋳込みによ
りステンレスまたはジルコニウムなどの耐食性金属材料
から構成されたカソード部材17cが埋設して設けられて
いる。このカソード部材17cは、上記燃焼室壁３の高温
腐食部となる下部側及び厚肉部19の外面と連続させてウ
ォータジャケット14の壁面の一部を構成する断面で形成
されている。(Embodiment 2) As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, in order to cool a partition wall 15 between the intake and exhaust ports 4 and 5, which are hot corrosion parts,
The cooling water passage 16 is not formed, and the partition wall on the vortex combustion chamber 2 side is used.
The thick portion 19 is formed by projecting 15 toward the water jacket 14 side. In the thick portion 19, a cathode member 17c made of a corrosion-resistant metal material such as stainless steel or zirconium is buried by casting and exposing an upper surface thereof on the water jacket 14 side. The cathode member 17c is formed in a cross-section that forms a part of the wall surface of the water jacket 14 so as to be continuous with the lower side of the combustion chamber wall 3 that becomes the high-temperature corroded portion and the outer surface of the thick portion 19.
従ってこの実施例では、カソード部材17cが上記厚肉
部19に埋設されることによって厚肉部19の剛性を損ねる
ことなくその肉厚を冷却性に好適な薄さまで薄くでき良
好な冷却性を確保することができ、隔壁15の熱負荷を低
減させることができるようになる。そして実施例１と同
様にカソード部材17cの作用により厚肉部19及び燃焼室
壁３を含むその近傍の孔食が防止されるようになる。Therefore, in this embodiment, since the cathode member 17c is embedded in the thick portion 19, the thickness of the thick portion 19 can be reduced to a thickness suitable for cooling without impairing the rigidity of the thick portion 19, and good cooling performance is secured. And the thermal load on the partition 15 can be reduced. Then, similarly to the first embodiment, the pitting of the vicinity including the thick portion 19 and the combustion chamber wall 3 is prevented by the action of the cathode member 17c.
なおターボ過給機の採用など、エンジン出力が増大て
シリンダヘッド１の熱負荷がかなり高くなるような場合
においては、実施例２の構成に実施例１のＣ形又は十字
形断面のカソード部材17a又は17bを圧入した冷却水通路
16を形成することも当然可能である。また上記カソード
部材17bは、十字断面に限らず冷却水通路16の内面に接
触する半径方向のリブを４本以上可能な限り有していて
も構わない。In the case where the engine load is increased and the thermal load on the cylinder head 1 is considerably increased, such as when a turbocharger is employed, the cathode member 17a having the C-shaped or cross-shaped cross section of the first embodiment is added to the configuration of the second embodiment. Or a cooling water passage into which 17b is pressed
It is of course possible to form 16. The cathode member 17b is not limited to the cross-section, and may have four or more radial ribs in contact with the inner surface of the cooling water passage 16 as much as possible.
［発明の効果］ 以上説明したことから明らかなように本発明によれば
吸気・排気ポート間の隔壁、燃焼室壁を含むその近傍な
どの高温腐食部の剛性を低下させることなく冷却水によ
る直接及び間接的な冷却を可能にしつつ、それら高温腐
食部の腐食（孔食）を防止できるという、優れた効果を
発揮する。[Effects of the Invention] As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the cooling water is directly used without reducing the rigidity of the high-temperature corroded portion such as the partition wall between the intake and exhaust ports and the vicinity including the combustion chamber wall. In addition, an excellent effect that corrosion (pitting) of the high-temperature corroded portion can be prevented while enabling indirect cooling.
第１図は本発明に係るディーゼルエンジン用アルミニウ
ム合金製シリンダヘッドの好適一実施例を示す断面図、
第２図は本発明に係る第２実施例を示す断面図、第３図
は第１図のII−II線断面図、第４図は第１図のIII−III
線断面図である。 図中、１はシリンダヘッド、４は吸気ポート、５は排気
ポート、14はウォータジャケット、15は隔壁、16は冷却
水通路、17a,17b,17cはカソード部材である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of an aluminum alloy cylinder head for a diesel engine according to the present invention,
2 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG.
It is a line sectional view. In the figure, 1 is a cylinder head, 4 is an intake port, 5 is an exhaust port, 14 is a water jacket, 15 is a partition, 16 is a cooling water passage, and 17a, 17b and 17c are cathode members.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 荒井 靖平 神奈川県藤沢市土棚８番地 いすゞ自動 車株式会社藤沢工場内 (56)参考文献 実開 昭58−129045（ＪＰ，Ｕ) 特公 昭52−16762（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yashei Arai 8th floor of Tsurana, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa Isuzu Motors, Ltd. Fujisawa Plant (56) References Japanese Utility Model Akira 58-129045 (JP, U) 52-16762 (JP, B2)
Claims (1)
ャケット内に連通させて直線状冷却水通路を形成し、該
通路に、アルミニウムに対し電位的に貴な耐食性金属材
料からＣ形又は十字形の断面に成形されたカソード部材
を一体的に嵌合して設けたことを特徴とするディーゼル
エンジン用アルミニウム合金製シリンダヘッド。A linear cooling water passage is formed in a partition wall between an intake port and an exhaust port so as to communicate with a water jacket. A cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy for a diesel engine, wherein a cathode member formed in a V-shaped cross section is integrally fitted and provided.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2291894A JP2586202B2 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1990-10-31 | Aluminum alloy cylinder head for diesel engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2291894A JP2586202B2 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1990-10-31 | Aluminum alloy cylinder head for diesel engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04166648A JPH04166648A (en) | 1992-06-12 |
| JP2586202B2 true JP2586202B2 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
Family
ID=17774833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2291894A Expired - Fee Related JP2586202B2 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1990-10-31 | Aluminum alloy cylinder head for diesel engine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2586202B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5216762A (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1977-02-08 | Sanyu Kogyosho:Kk | Pulse signal transmission apparatus by non contact trolley for carriag e |
| JPS58129045U (en) * | 1982-02-25 | 1983-09-01 | 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 | cylinder for internal combustion engine |
-
1990
- 1990-10-31 JP JP2291894A patent/JP2586202B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH04166648A (en) | 1992-06-12 |
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