JP2579037B2 - Garbage processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、厨房で発生する生ごみすなわち厨芥を簡便
に処理する装置に利用される。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is used for an apparatus for easily processing garbage, that is, kitchen garbage generated in a kitchen.

厨芥は現在自治体で埋め立てあるいは焼却処分されて
いる。埋め立ては用地不足のため今後焼却処分に頼らざ
るをえない。しかし焼却処分も輸送時の衛生問題・焼却
場立地難による能力不足という課題を持っている。Garbage is currently being landfilled or incinerated by local governments. Landfills have to rely on incineration in the future due to lack of land. However, incineration also has the problem of lack of capacity due to sanitary problems during transportation and difficulty in locating incineration plants.

本発明は厨芥を発生した場所で軽量化・減容化し、か
つ衛生的なものとする装置を提供することにより、この
ような廃棄物の持つ課題を解決するものである。本発明
を用いた個別処理用の厨芥処理装置は家庭、料理店、食
料品店等で厨芥を処理するため利用される。The present invention solves the problem of such waste by providing an apparatus that reduces the weight, reduces the volume, and sanitizes the place where kitchen waste is generated. The garbage processing apparatus for individual processing using the present invention is used for processing garbage in homes, restaurants, grocery stores and the like.

従来の技術 従来の個別の厨芥処理装置には、ディスポーザーとよ
ばれる機械的処理装置と、ガスや液体燃料あるいは電気
加熱を用いる焼却装置とがある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventional garbage processing apparatuses include a mechanical processing apparatus called a disposer and an incinerator using gas, liquid fuel, or electric heating.

前者は、回転刃で厨芥を粉砕し、下水に流して処理す
る方式であり、後者は燃料をバーナで燃焼し、その熱で
厨芥を焼却してしまうものである。The former is a method in which garbage is pulverized with a rotary blade and then treated by flowing it into sewage. The latter burns fuel with a burner and incinerates the garbage with the heat.

ディスポーザーは機械的に厨芥を細かく処理するもの
の、排水の中に多量の固形分を放出し、そのため下水道
の詰まりが発生し、大きな社会問題となっている。この
ため、わが国はじめ米国でも使用禁止の傾向がある。Although disposers mechanically dispose of kitchen garbage, they emit a large amount of solids in wastewater, which causes clogging of sewers, which is a major social problem. For this reason, there is a tendency for use to be banned in Japan and the United States.

また、厨芥を焼却する方法では、大規模なものは多い
が小型の機器に適した物としてマイクロ波を用いて焼却
前に厨芥を乾燥し完全燃焼する方式が提案されている。As for the method of incinerating kitchen garbage, there has been proposed a method of drying and completely burning kitchen garbage before incineration using microwaves as a thing suitable for small-sized equipment, although there are many large-scale ones.

発明が解決しようとする課題 厨芥焼却装置で燃焼する時厨芥に多量に含まれる水分
を予め除去しなければ完全燃焼できない。この水分を力
で分離することは困難で、加熱による乾燥手段を一般的
に用いる。加熱乾燥のために、被処理物が保有する水分
の潜熱相当の熱量をこれに伝えなればならないが、この
伝熱手段として対流熱利用と輻射熱利用やマイクロ波が
ある。Problems to be Solved by the Invention When burning in a garbage incinerator, complete combustion cannot be performed unless a large amount of water contained in the garbage is removed in advance. It is difficult to separate this moisture by force, and drying means by heating is generally used. For heating and drying, the amount of heat equivalent to the latent heat of the moisture held in the object to be processed must be transmitted to the object. As the heat transfer means, there are convection heat use, radiant heat use, and microwaves.

従来の乾燥装置はこれらの伝熱手段を用いて被処理物
の水分を加熱し、水蒸気を放出させるものである。The conventional drying apparatus uses these heat transfer means to heat the moisture of the object to be treated, thereby releasing water vapor.

厨芥が乾燥のため加熱されると高温の水蒸気で軟化
し、塊となるため厨芥の内部へ熱が伝わらない、あるい
は発生した水蒸気がでにくくなる現象がおこる。このた
め、乾燥効率が悪く時間がかかる欠点を持っていた。ま
た、短時間で処理し乾燥状態が不完全であれば、焼却で
きない、あるいは焼却後も部分的に湿り腐敗するという
問題を持っていた。When the garbage is heated for drying, the garbage softens with high-temperature steam and forms a lump, so that heat is not transferred to the inside of the garbage, or the generated steam is less likely to be generated. For this reason, there was a drawback that drying efficiency was poor and time was required. In addition, if the treatment is performed in a short time and the drying state is incomplete, there is a problem that it cannot be incinerated, or it becomes partially wet and rot even after incineration.

また、従来例のもう一つの課題としてプラスチックの
処理ができないことがあげられる。Another problem of the conventional example is that plastics cannot be processed.

厨芥の中には魚や残飯のような食品系厨芥とこれらの
包装に用いられたプラスチック系厨芥がある。Among the garbage are food-based garbage such as fish and garbage, and plastic-based garbage used for packaging these.

後者には種々のプラスチックがあり、例えば発泡スチ
ロール・塩化ビニール・ポリエチレン等である。都市の
焼却場では塩素の発生のためプラスチックを焼却できな
いので、一般家庭からプラスチックと食品系の厨芥は分
離して収集されている。このプラスチック系の厨芥は、
血等で汚れ家庭では食品系厨芥と同じく衛生的な保管が
難しく、また焼却した場合塩素を発生し、輸送に際しか
さ体積が大きいという問題を持つ。The latter includes various plastics, for example, styrene foam, vinyl chloride, polyethylene and the like. Plastics and food-based garbage are collected separately from ordinary households because plastics cannot be incinerated due to the generation of chlorine in urban incineration plants. This plastic garbage is
Households that are contaminated with blood and the like are difficult to store in a sanitary manner like food-based garbage, and when incinerated, generate chlorine and have a problem that they are bulky when transported.

課題を解決するための手段 本発明の厨芥処理装置は、プラスチック系厨芥と食品
系厨芥を混合し、その厨芥の内タンパク質・炭水化物・
脂質の食品成分は乾燥または分解し、包装用のプラスチ
ックは熱変形させる処理を行うことを特徴とする。Means for Solving the Problems The garbage disposal apparatus of the present invention mixes plastic-based garbage and food-based garbage, and includes protein, carbohydrate,
The food component of lipid is dried or decomposed, and the plastic for packaging is subjected to heat deformation.

また、、厨芥の収納室と、前記収納室に具備した前記
厨芥の加熱手段と、加熱によって発生した水蒸気を搬送
する空気を前記収納室に供給する送風手段とを有し、前
段階で厨芥の含水物を乾燥し、乾燥終了後の後段階で前
記厨芥の温度を前段階より昇温させ前記厨芥に混入する
プラスチックを熱変形させることを特徴とする。Further, a storage room for kitchen waste, a heating unit for the kitchen waste provided in the storage room, and a blowing unit for supplying air for conveying steam generated by heating to the storage room, The hydrated product is dried, and the temperature of the garbage is increased from the previous stage in a later stage after the drying is completed, so that plastic mixed in the garbage is thermally deformed.

さらに、上記構成に次の手段を附加し、より効果を著
しくした。すなわち、前記後段階の送風量が前段階より
小とする、あるいは前記前段階の加熱手段がマイクロ
波、後段階の加熱手段が電気ヒータである、あるいは前
記前段階の終了後、前記厨芥の温度を一旦下げた後昇温
する、あるいは前記厨芥の収納室下流の水蒸気排出経路
に厨芥の分解ガスを燃焼させる触媒を設けるといった手
段を必要に応じて附加すればよい。Further, the following means are added to the above-mentioned configuration, and the effect is more remarkable. That is, the amount of air blow in the latter stage is smaller than that in the former stage, or the heating unit in the former stage is a microwave, the heating unit in the latter stage is an electric heater, or the temperature of the kitchen waste after the end of the former stage. The temperature may be lowered and then increased, or a means may be added as necessary, such as providing a catalyst for burning the decomposition gas of the garbage in the water vapor discharge path downstream of the garbage storage chamber.

作用 厨芥に食品系厨芥とプラスチック系厨芥がある。この
混合体を適した処理方法に応じて処理することが好まし
い。食品の不用部、残飯、等の食品系厨芥とプラスチッ
ク製の包装材料・容器等のプラスチック系厨芥の混合体
を同一の容器に入れ、腐り易い食品系厨芥は乾燥また
は、分解処理する。腐りにくいかさ体積の大きいプラス
チック系の厨芥は熱変形させる。Action There are food waste and plastic waste. It is preferred to treat this mixture according to a suitable treatment method. A mixture of food waste such as food waste, leftovers, etc. and plastic waste such as plastic packaging materials and containers is placed in the same container, and the perishable food waste is dried or decomposed. Plastic garbage that is hard to rot and has a large volume is thermally deformed.

この場合プラスチックの熱変形温度が水の沸点より若
干高い点を利用し、前段階でプラスチックの熱変形温度
以下の低温で乾燥すれば、プラスチックが厨芥全体の骨
格となって発生水蒸気の脱出通路を維持するので乾燥は
均一かつ早くすることができる。乾燥終了後、プラスチ
ックの熱変形温度以上に加熱すれば厨芥全体は縮小し、
軽く、小さく、衛生的な物になる。In this case, utilizing the point that the heat distortion temperature of the plastic is slightly higher than the boiling point of water, and drying at a low temperature below the heat distortion temperature of the plastic in the previous stage, the plastic becomes the skeleton of the whole kitchen garbage and the escape passage for the generated water vapor. The drying can be uniform and fast because it is maintained. After drying, if heated above the heat distortion temperature of plastic, the entire kitchen waste will shrink,
Light, small and hygienic.

また、プラスチック系厨芥は食品系厨芥より熱容量が
小さく短時間で熱変形し、食品系厨芥の分解による臭気
の発生が少ない。このような温度上昇のために、一般的
な加熱手段の出力上昇よりも、搬送用の空気流量を低く
して空気の熱搬送を少なくして高温化した方がよい。な
せならば高温状態で厨芥で多量の酸素と接すると発火し
易いためである。したがって、後段階の空気は高温かつ
できる限り分解ガスの搬送に差し支えない、あるいは第
６項を実施する場合は触媒反応に支障のない範囲で少量
とすべきである。Further, plastic-based garbage has a smaller heat capacity than food-based garbage and is thermally deformed in a short period of time. For such a temperature rise, it is better to lower the flow rate of the air for conveyance to reduce the heat transfer of the air and to raise the temperature, rather than to increase the output of a general heating means. The reason is that if the kitchen waste comes in contact with a large amount of oxygen in a high temperature state, it is easy to catch fire. Therefore, the amount of air in the latter stage should be as high as possible and can be used to transport the cracked gas as much as possible.

マイクロ波は水分に対し吸収性が良く、プラスチック
系の厨芥は吸収しないので前段階をマイクロ波で行え
ば、プラスチックの骨格は変形せず都合がよい。この場
合後段階は熱風でプラスチックを変形すべきである。Microwaves have good absorbency against moisture and do not absorb plastic garbage. Therefore, if microwaves are used in the previous step, the plastic skeleton is not deformed, which is convenient. In this case, the latter stage should deform the plastic with hot air.

さらに、乾燥後マイクロ波を一定時間停止し厨芥１の
温度を低下させた後、熱風を加えなければプラスチック
系厨芥が変形中に食品系厨芥が分解温度に達しにくいた
め臭気の発生が少ない。Further, after drying, the microwave is stopped for a certain period of time to lower the temperature of the garbage 1, and unless hot air is added, the garbage is less likely to reach the decomposition temperature while the plastic garbage is being deformed, so that there is little odor.

また、触媒を用いて排気の臭気成分を反応浄化すると
き、前段階は長時間、高湿度、ではあるが軽質分解ガス
であるので触媒反応可能、後段階は重質分解ガスではあ
るが、発生を短時間かつ乾燥したガスとし触媒反応を可
能とした。このため有害な成分が浄化できるものであ
る。In addition, when using a catalyst to purify the odor components of the exhaust gas, the first stage is a long-term, high humidity, but light decomposition gas, but it is possible to perform a catalytic reaction, and the second stage is a heavy decomposition gas. For a short time and dried gas to enable a catalytic reaction. For this reason, harmful components can be purified.

すなわち、従来分離して処理すべきであるとした食品
系厨芥とプラスチック系厨芥を混合して加熱コントロー
ルをすることにより効率的な乾燥と減容化が可能とな
る。That is, by mixing food-based garbage and plastic-based garbage, which should be conventionally separated and processed, and performing heating control, efficient drying and volume reduction can be achieved.

実施例 以下第１項の本発明の一実施例の実験機のデータとと
もに添付図面に基づいて説明する。図において１は厨芥
で食品の不用部、残飯、等の食品系厨芥1aとプラスチッ
ク製の包装材料・容器等のプラスチック系厨芥1bの混合
体である。今日のなま物の食品は通常発泡スチロール、
塩化ビニール、ポリエチレン等の包装がなされている。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings together with the data of the experimental machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes kitchen garbage, which is a mixture of food-based kitchen garbage 1a such as food waste and leftovers and plastic-based kitchen garbage 1b such as plastic packaging materials and containers. Today's raw food is usually Styrofoam,
Packaging is made of vinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc.

厨芥１は収納部２の中の厨芥容器３（耐熱プラスチッ
ク・セラミック等のマイクロ波透過材製）に投入されて
いる。The garbage 1 is put into a garbage container 3 (made of a microwave-permeable material such as heat-resistant plastic or ceramic) in a storage unit 2.

厨芥容器３は収納部２の内部に着脱自在に設けられ、
把手４で扉５より出し入れできる。The kitchen waste container 3 is provided detachably inside the storage part 2,
The handle 4 can be taken in and out of the door 5.

排気用の送風機６の流れ方向下流は電気ヒータ７、収
納部２に接続し、収納部２の下流は厨芥容器３、排気管
８、およびヒータ９、白金族金属触媒をハニカム状のシ
リカ・アルミナを主成分とする担体に担持した触媒10、
排気孔11である。収納部２の一端には導波管12を通して
マグネトロン13で発振したマイクロ波が収納部２に電界
を発生させている。The downstream of the exhaust blower 6 in the flow direction is connected to the electric heater 7 and the storage section 2, and the downstream of the storage section 2 is a garbage container 3, an exhaust pipe 8, a heater 9, and a platinum group metal catalyst formed of a honeycomb silica-alumina. A catalyst 10 supported on a carrier having, as a main component,
Exhaust hole 11. A microwave oscillated by the magnetron 13 through the waveguide 12 at one end of the housing 2 generates an electric field in the housing 2.

また、収納部２には外周が金属製、内部が熱電対であ
るマイクロ波の影響を受けない温度検知部14、排気管８
に温度検知部15が設けられている。第１図で空気は矢印
Ａの方向に流れている。次に動作について具体的な実験
データとともに説明する。The storage section 2 has a temperature detecting section 14 which is not affected by microwaves whose outer periphery is made of metal and the inside of which is a thermocouple, and an exhaust pipe 8.
Is provided with a temperature detecting section 15. In FIG. 1, air is flowing in the direction of arrow A. Next, the operation will be described together with specific experimental data.

厨芥１は収納部２の扉５より厨芥容器３に投入され
る。The garbage 1 is put into the garbage container 3 through the door 5 of the storage unit 2.

送風機６を運転の状態とし水蒸気の搬送用空気を厨芥
１へ供給し、マグネトロン12に通電しマイクロ波を収納
部２に導き、耐熱製のプラスチック・ガラス・セラミッ
ク等のマイクロ波透過材で作られた厨芥容器３を透過
し、内部の厨芥１に照射される。マイクロ波は水分に選
択的に吸収されるため、水分を含む食品系厨芥1aは昇温
し水蒸気を発生する。水蒸気が発生しているとき厨芥容
器３の上部空間は上記で満たされている。食品系厨芥1b
の温度は、マイクロ波透過性のプラスチック系の厨芥の
温度より高いが100℃を超えることはない。With the blower 6 in operation, air for transporting water vapor is supplied to the garbage 1, electricity is supplied to the magnetron 12, and microwaves are guided to the storage unit 2. The garbage container 3 passes through the garbage container 3 and is irradiated on the garbage 1 inside. Since microwaves are selectively absorbed by moisture, the food-based kitchen waste 1a containing moisture rises in temperature to generate steam. When steam is generated, the upper space of the kitchen waste container 3 is filled as described above. Food kitchen waste 1b
Is higher than the temperature of microwave permeable plastic garbage but does not exceed 100 ° C.

なぜならば、周囲に設けた空気孔16より相対的に重い
搬送用空気が厨芥容器３の壁を伝わって流下しているた
めである。このためマイクロ波を受け水分を気化しても
食品系厨芥1aは必ず100℃以下で、特にプラスチック系
厨芥1bは低い温度を示す。This is because the carrier air, which is relatively heavier than the air holes 16 provided in the surroundings, flows down the wall of the kitchen waste container 3. For this reason, even if the water is vaporized by microwaves, the food-based garbage 1a always has a temperature of 100 ° C. or less, and particularly the plastic-based garbage 1b has a low temperature.

このように、食品系厨芥1aの周囲の水蒸気分圧が空気
の流入によって低くなっているため乾燥が早い。このよ
うな効果は厨芥１の中へ空気が入るから可能である。一
般に食品系厨芥は水蒸気加熱による軟化が著しく、脱水
によって収縮し塊になりやすいが、プラスチック系厨芥
1bと混在しているときはこれが骨格となりほとんどかさ
容積は変化しない。このため空気は厨芥１全体の中に流
入し、効率的に水蒸気を気化局部より移動させている。As described above, since the water vapor partial pressure around the food-based kitchen waste 1a is reduced by the inflow of air, drying is quick. Such an effect is possible because air enters the kitchen waste 1. In general, food-based garbage is remarkably softened by steam heating, and tends to shrink and become lump due to dehydration.
When it is mixed with 1b, it becomes a skeleton and the bulk volume hardly changes. For this reason, the air flows into the entire kitchen waste 1 and efficiently moves the water vapor from the vaporization local part.

プラスチック系厨芥1bはマイクロ波で加熱されないが
隣接した食品系厨芥1aよりの伝熱で昇温する。発泡スチ
ロールのような耐熱性の低いものは接触する部分が熱変
形する。しかし接触しない部分は変形しないため骨格の
隙間が消滅することはない。また、耐熱性のプラスチッ
クは殆ど接触部でも変形せず広い隙間を維持する。The plastic garbage 1b is not heated by microwaves, but is heated by heat transfer from the adjacent food garbage 1a. In the case of a material having low heat resistance such as styrene foam, the contact portion is thermally deformed. However, the portions that do not contact do not deform, so that the gaps in the skeleton do not disappear. In addition, the heat-resistant plastic maintains a wide gap without being deformed even at the contact portion.

このような前段階は温度検知部14で厨芥容器３内が10
0℃以下になるようにマイクロ波出力は制御されてい
る。In such a pre-stage, the temperature detection unit 14 detects that
The microwave output is controlled so as to be 0 ° C. or less.

しかし、このままでは軽くし衛生的な乾燥処理をした
だけで、体積が殆ど代わっていない。However, in this state, only light and sanitary drying treatment has been performed, and the volume has hardly changed.

このような状態のあと送風機６の送風量を減少する
と、厨芥１全体の温度は急激に上昇し120℃で発泡スチ
ロールは急激に熱変形し、かさ体積は約10分の１に減少
する。この時、温度上昇で食品系厨芥1aは分解し始める
が、触媒10がヒータ９で予熱されているので分解ガスは
触媒で酸化され臭気を排出しない。とくに、プラスチッ
ク系厨芥1bは食品系厨芥1aより熱容量が小さいので素早
く変形でき、食品系厨芥1aは分解ガスが多量に発生する
まえに熱変形を終了する。When the blower volume of the blower 6 is reduced after such a state, the temperature of the entire kitchen waste 1 rapidly rises, and at 120 ° C., the styrofoam undergoes rapid thermal deformation, and the bulk volume decreases to about one tenth. At this time, the food-based kitchen waste 1a starts to decompose due to the temperature rise, but since the catalyst 10 is preheated by the heater 9, the decomposed gas is oxidized by the catalyst and does not emit odor. In particular, plastic-based garbage 1b has a smaller heat capacity than food-based garbage 1a and therefore can be quickly deformed, and food-based garbage 1a ends thermal deformation before a large amount of decomposition gas is generated.

また、マイクロ波を乾燥した厨芥１に照射し続けると
次の問題が生じることがある。乾燥した厨芥１はマイク
ロ波吸収性が低下し温度が上がりにくい反面、乾燥状態
でマイクロ波を照射し続けると、断熱性の良い外皮がで
きるため僅かなマイクロ波吸収でも内部の温度は上昇す
る。特に厨芥の大きいものほど断熱性の外皮をつくり易
く内部が炭化し、この炭化部がマイクロ波で放電し発火
にいたりやすい。Further, if the microwave is continuously irradiated on the dried kitchen waste 1, the following problem may occur. The dried kitchen garbage 1 has a reduced microwave absorbency and the temperature is unlikely to rise. On the other hand, if microwave irradiation is continued in a dry state, an outer skin with good heat insulating properties is formed, so that even if the microwave is slightly absorbed, the internal temperature rises. In particular, the larger the garbage, the easier it is to form the heat-insulating skin, and the inside is carbonized, and the carbonized portion is easily discharged by microwaves and ignited.

本実施例ではプラスチックが骨格となって厨芥が塊に
なることを防止している。このため厨芥全体が搬送空気
で冷却され、厨芥内部のマイクロ波による異常高温は起
こりにくい。In this embodiment, the plastic is used as a skeleton to prevent the garbage from clumping. For this reason, the entire kitchen garbage is cooled by the carrier air, and abnormal high temperatures due to microwaves inside the kitchen garbage are unlikely to occur.

従って、前段階の水分が存在するときはマイクロ波で
乾燥し、乾燥後はヒータ７で熱風を発生させプラスチッ
ク系の厨芥1bを熱変形する方が好ましい。Therefore, it is preferable to dry with microwaves when the water in the previous stage is present, and to generate hot air by the heater 7 after drying to thermally deform the plastic garbage 1b.

前段階も後段階もヒータ７でした場合構造は簡単であ
るが、前段階をヒータとする食品系厨芥1aを分解しない
100度以下の熱風によるので乾燥時間は長くなる。ま
た、両段階をマイクロ波でした場合も構成は簡単である
が、プラスチック系厨芥1bがマイクロ波を吸収しないの
でこの変形前に食品系厨芥1aが分解し臭気を発生する欠
点を持つ。The structure is simple when the heater 7 is used in both the first and second stages, but the food-based kitchen waste 1a in which the first stage is the heater is not disassembled.
The drying time is longer because of hot air of 100 degrees or less. Although the configuration is simple when both stages are performed by microwaves, the plastic-based garbage 1b does not absorb microwaves, and thus has a disadvantage that the food-based garbage 1a is decomposed and odors are generated before the deformation.

どの様な加熱手段の組合せでも本発明の効果は期待で
きるが最良の組合せは前段階マイクロ波、後段階熱風と
したものである。The effect of the present invention can be expected with any combination of heating means, but the best combination is a pre-stage microwave and a post-stage hot air.

また、ヒータ７による熱風は厨芥容器３の下部方向か
ら導入し下部をより高い温度で加熱して下部のプラスチ
ック系厨芥1bを早く熱変形させる方が好ましい。熱風が
上部から浸入しやすいためである。この場合熱風の温度
は塩化ビニールの塩素分解温度の200℃以下の温度であ
ることが好ましいが、低温で長い時間かけるとプラスチ
ックが上部から変形し熱風の下部への浸入を阻害するの
で、250℃を超えない範囲の高温で早く処理する方が、
厨芥容器３のプラスチック系厨芥1bは均等に熱変形でき
る。Further, it is preferable that the hot air generated by the heater 7 is introduced from the lower part of the garbage container 3 and the lower part is heated at a higher temperature so as to quickly thermally deform the lower plastic garbage 1b. This is because hot air can easily enter from above. In this case, the temperature of the hot air is preferably 200 ° C. or less of the chlorine decomposition temperature of vinyl chloride. It is better to process at a high temperature that does not exceed
The plastic garbage 1b of the garbage container 3 can be uniformly thermally deformed.

さらに、乾燥した後、一度マイクロ波を停止し厨芥１
の温度を低下させた後、250℃を超えない範囲で熱風で
処理すれば、食品系厨芥1aの温度は急に上昇しにくいた
め分解せず臭気を発生しにくい。Furthermore, after drying, the microwave is stopped once and the kitchen waste 1
If the temperature of the food-based garbage 1a is reduced by reducing the temperature of the food-based kitchen garbage 1a and then treated with hot air at a temperature not exceeding 250 ° C., the temperature of the food-based garbage 1a is unlikely to suddenly rise, so that the food-based garbage 1a does not decompose and generate no odor.

プラスチック系厨芥1bは熱容量が小さいので変形しや
すく食品系厨芥1aが昇温し分解する前に熱変形できるも
のである。The plastic garbage 1b has a small heat capacity and thus easily deforms, and can be thermally deformed before the food garbage 1a is heated and decomposed.

また、本発明の装置の下流に触媒を設け排気の無臭化
を図る時、厨芥を比較的低温で乾燥させている間多量の
水分が発生しているが、この水分で触媒10は被毒され活
性が低下している。しかし、低温で分解した厨芥の分解
ガスは比較的低い活性状態の触媒10でも反応し、装置の
臭気排出は少ない。また、プラスチックを高温で熱変形
させる間は、厨芥が乾燥し潜熱を必要としないので急速
に温度上昇することが可能で食品系厨芥1aが多量に分解
する前に熱変形する。In addition, when a catalyst is provided downstream of the apparatus of the present invention to eliminate odor from exhaust gas, a large amount of water is generated while the kitchen garbage is dried at a relatively low temperature, and this water poisons the catalyst 10. Activity is reduced. However, the decomposed gas from the garbage decomposed at low temperature reacts even with the catalyst 10 in a relatively low active state, and the odor emission of the apparatus is small. In addition, while plastics are thermally deformed at a high temperature, the garbage dries and does not require latent heat, so that the temperature can rapidly rise and the food-based garbage 1a is thermally deformed before being decomposed in large quantities.

また、高温で分解した触媒反応しにくい重質成分は水
蒸気をほとんど含まないので触媒10でよく浄化される。In addition, the heavy component decomposed at a high temperature and hardly subjected to the catalytic reaction contains almost no water vapor, and is thus sufficiently purified by the catalyst 10.

すなわち、前段階は時間、高湿度、ではあるが軽質分
解ガスであるので触媒反応可能とし、後段階は重質分解
ガスではあるが、発生を短時間としかつ乾燥したものと
して触媒反応を可能とし臭気成分の排出量をほとんどな
くしたものである。That is, the first stage is a time, high humidity, but light decomposition gas, but it is a lightly cracked gas, and the second stage is a heavy cracked gas. The emission of odorous components was almost eliminated.

発明の効果 以上のように本発明によれば、厨芥が乾燥のため加熱
されると高温の水蒸気で軟化し、塊となるため厨芥の内
部へ熱が伝わらない、あるいは発生した水蒸気がでにく
くなる現象が防止できる。このため、乾燥効率の良い、
臭気の少ない厨芥処理器が可能となる。Effect of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, when the garbage is heated for drying, the garbage softens with high-temperature steam, and does not conduct heat to the inside of the garbage because it becomes a lump, or the generated steam is less likely to be generated. The phenomenon can be prevented. For this reason, drying efficiency is high,
A garbage disposer with less odor becomes possible.

このような本発明の実施によって使用者の受ける利益
は、（１）厨芥が減容化、衛生的になるので廃棄頻度が
少なくなる。あるいは保管が楽になる。（２）プラスチ
ック系の厨芥は従来食品系の厨芥と分けて廃棄していた
が、これを混ぜたまま廃棄できるので便利である。ま
た、厨芥の処分者である自治体が得る利益は、（１）輸
送・収集が容易となる。（２）埋立地の確保が楽にな
る。（３）燃焼しやすい乾燥厨芥は塩化物の処理設備を
有する焼却場で操業率を向上させる。The benefits received by the user by the implementation of the present invention are as follows: (1) Kitchen waste is reduced in volume and sanitary, and the frequency of disposal is reduced. Alternatively, storage becomes easier. (2) Conventionally, plastic-based garbage is discarded separately from food-based garbage, but it is convenient because it can be discarded while being mixed. In addition, the benefits obtained by the municipalities who dispose of kitchen garbage are as follows: (1) Transportation and collection are easy. (2) It is easier to secure landfills. (3) Dry garbage that is easy to burn improves the operating rate in incineration plants equipped with chloride treatment equipment.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

図は本発明の一実施例の厨芥処理装置の縦断面図であ
る。 １……厨芥、1a……食品系厨芥、1b……プラスチック系
厨芥、２……収納部、３……厨芥容器 ６……送風機、７……ヒータ、10……触媒。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a kitchen waste disposal apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 ... garbage, 1a ... food garbage, 1b ... plastic garbage, 2 ... storage section, 3 ... garbage container 6 ... blower, 7 ... heater, 10 ... catalyst.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 保坂 正人 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電 器産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 平塚 友康 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電 器産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 板倉 由季 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電 器産業株式会社内 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Masato Hosaka 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Inside Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yuki Itakura 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.

Claims (5)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】タンパク質・炭水化物・脂質等の食品系の
厨芥とプラスチック系の厨芥の混合物を収納する収納室
と、前記収納室に具備した前記厨芥の加熱手段と、加熱
によって発生した水蒸気を搬送する空気を前記収納室に
供給する送風手段とを有するもので、加熱処理の前段階
で食品系厨芥を乾燥または分解し、後段階でプラスチッ
ク系厨芥を熱変形させて処理するもので、後段階の加熱
温度を前段階より高温とした厨芥処理装置。1. A storage room for storing a mixture of food-based garbage and plastic-based garbage such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, heating means for the garbage provided in the storage room, and transport of steam generated by heating. Air supply means for supplying air to the storage chamber, drying or decomposing food-based garbage in a stage prior to the heat treatment, and thermally deforming and processing the plastic-based garbage in a later stage. A garbage disposal system where the heating temperature of the garbage is higher than in the previous stage. 【請求項２】後段階の送風量を前段階より小とした請求
項１記載の厨芥処理装置。2. The kitchen waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the amount of air blow in the later stage is smaller than that in the preceding stage. 【請求項３】前段階の加熱手段がマイクロ波、後段階の
加熱手段が電気ヒータである請求項１記載の厨芥処理装
置3. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating means at the preceding stage is a microwave, and the heating means at the latter stage is an electric heater. 【請求項４】前段階の終了後、前記厨芥の温度を一旦下
げた後昇温する請求項３記載の厨芥処理装置、4. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the garbage is once lowered and then raised after the end of the previous stage. 【請求項５】厨芥の収納室下流の水蒸気排出経路に厨芥
の分解ガスを燃焼させる触媒を設けた請求項１記載の厨
芥処理装置。5. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a catalyst for burning the decomposition gas of the garbage is provided in a steam discharge path downstream of the garbage storage chamber.