JP2526234B2 - Atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion - Google Patents
Atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustionInfo
- Publication number
- JP2526234B2 JP2526234B2 JP3736987A JP3736987A JP2526234B2 JP 2526234 B2 JP2526234 B2 JP 2526234B2 JP 3736987 A JP3736987 A JP 3736987A JP 3736987 A JP3736987 A JP 3736987A JP 2526234 B2 JP2526234 B2 JP 2526234B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- atomizer
- combustion
- ejection
- fuel
- ejection holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は低窒素酸化物燃焼用アトマイザに係り、特に
混合燃料の高効率・低窒素酸化物（NOx）燃焼を達成す
るのに好適な低窒素酸化物燃焼用アトマイザに関するも
のである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion, and particularly to a low nitrogen oxide suitable for achieving high efficiency and low nitrogen oxide (NOx) combustion of a mixed fuel. The present invention relates to an atomizer for burning nitrogen oxides.
CWM（高濃度石炭−水スラリ）は流体化した燃料であ
り、従来からのＣ重油と同様にアトマイザを用いて噴霧
燃焼させることができるが、水の蒸発に熱が費やされる
ため、微粉炭やＣ重油の燃焼と比較して特に着火および
保炎性が劣ることが知られている。このように保炎性が
悪く火炎がリフトした状態では、バーナ近傍に高温で安
定な還元ゾーンを形成しにくく、NOxの低減が難しくな
るばかりか、噴霧液滴の燃え切りも遅れて灰中未燃分も
増大してしまう。したがってCWM燃焼において高効率・
低NOx燃焼を達成するためには、CWM燃焼に適したアトマ
イザの開発が不可欠である。CWM (High Concentration Coal-Water Slurry) is a fluidized fuel that can be atomized and burned using an atomizer like conventional C-heavy oil, but heat is consumed to evaporate water, so pulverized coal and It is known that the ignition and flame holding properties are particularly inferior to the combustion of C heavy oil. In such a state where the flame holding property is poor and the flame is lifted, it is difficult to form a stable reduction zone near the burner at high temperature, which makes it difficult to reduce NOx, and the burnout of the spray droplets is delayed and the ash remains unburned. The fuel content also increases. Therefore, high efficiency in CWM combustion
In order to achieve low NOx combustion, development of an atomizer suitable for CWM combustion is essential.
従来、Ｙジエット式と通称される中間混合式二流体ア
トマイザがボイラ燃焼器用として広く利用されている
が、微粒化性能は必ずしも良好でなく、むしろCWM燃焼
には第７図に示すように、燃料供給通路15からの燃料と
噴霧媒体供給通路16からの噴霧媒体を内部混合物４で混
合し、噴出孔８および９より噴霧する内部混合式二流体
アトマイザが適している。第５図は、この内部混合式二
流体アトマイザを火炉側からみた平面図であり、このア
トマイザは、端側混合噴出孔８と中心混合噴出孔９から
なる噴出孔を２つのグループに分割して設け、分割燃焼
火炎により低NOx燃焼を達成するようにしたものであ
る。図中、７はアトマイザチップ本体である。Conventionally, an intermediate mixing type two-fluid atomizer commonly called Y-jet type has been widely used for boiler combustors, but the atomization performance is not always good, and rather, for CWM combustion, as shown in FIG. An internal mixing type two-fluid atomizer in which the fuel from the supply passage 15 and the spray medium from the spray medium supply passage 16 are mixed by the internal mixture 4 and sprayed from the ejection holes 8 and 9 is suitable. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the internal mixing type two-fluid atomizer seen from the furnace side. In this atomizer, the ejection holes consisting of the end side mixing ejection holes 8 and the central mixing ejection holes 9 are divided into two groups. It is provided to achieve low NOx combustion by the split combustion flame. In the figure, 7 is an atomizer chip body.
第５図に示すような従来のアトマイザでは、第6A図お
よび第6B図に現象をモデル的に示すように、各噴出孔群
の両端の噴出孔８には内部混合室４の内壁上にできる燃
料液膜12が集まり易く、この液膜が両端の噴出孔８の出
口端面で***して大きな液滴12Aとなり、噴霧流10の外
周が粗大噴霧液滴群10A（第6B図）になってしまうとい
う欠点がある。このような噴霧状態では、燃焼用空気と
の混合が極度に遅れてNOxが低減しないばかりか、噴霧
液滴の燃え切りも遅れて灰中未燃分も増大する。すなわ
ち、両端の噴出孔８から粗大な液滴が発生していれば、
燃料過剰域での酸素消費が遅れて還元域とはならず、ま
た高空気比域ではその両側にある粗大燃料液滴に酸素を
持ち去られ、結局空気過剰域も作り出せなくなる。In the conventional atomizer as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B as a model of the phenomenon, the ejection holes 8 at both ends of each ejection hole group can be formed on the inner wall of the internal mixing chamber 4. The fuel liquid film 12 is easy to collect, and this liquid film is split at the exit end faces of the ejection holes 8 at both ends to form a large droplet 12A, and the outer periphery of the spray flow 10 becomes a coarse spray droplet group 10A (Fig. 6B). There is a drawback that it ends up. In such a spray state, not only the mixing with the combustion air is extremely delayed and NOx is not reduced, but also the burnout of spray droplets is delayed and the unburned content in ash is increased. That is, if coarse droplets are generated from the ejection holes 8 at both ends,
Oxygen consumption in the excess fuel area is delayed and does not become the reduction area, and in the high air ratio area, oxygen is carried away by the coarse fuel droplets on both sides of the area, and eventually the excess air area cannot be created.
本発明の目的は、上述した問題点を解決し、高効率・
低NOx燃焼を同時に実現する内部混合式二流体アトマイ
ザを提供することにある。The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to achieve high efficiency and
It is to provide an internal mixing type two-fluid atomizer that simultaneously realizes low NOx combustion.
上記した問題点は、内部混合式二流体アトマイザにお
いて、各噴出孔群の両端の噴出孔の細長比（噴出孔の長
さＬと口径Ｄ比、L/D）を大きくする、例えば、両端側
の噴出孔で口径Ｄを小さくするかまたは長さＬを大きく
することによって達成される。The above-mentioned problem is that in the internal mixing type two-fluid atomizer, the slenderness ratio of the ejection holes at both ends of each ejection hole group (the ratio L of the ejection holes to the diameter D, L / D) is increased. This is achieved by reducing the diameter D or increasing the length L at the ejection holes of the.
すなわち、本発明は、燃料と微粒化媒体である蒸気ま
たは圧縮空気を加圧供給して合流せしめる気液衝突部の
火炉側先端に、火炉方向表面に少なくとも２以上の群に
分割された噴出孔列を有する気液混合室を具備するアト
マイザにおいて、各噴出孔群の両端側の噴出孔の細長比
L1/D2（噴出孔の長さL1と口径D1の比）を中心部の噴出
孔の細長比L2/D2よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする。That is, according to the present invention, at the furnace-side tip of the gas-liquid collision portion where the fuel and the steam or compressed air as the atomizing medium are supplied under pressure to be merged, the ejection holes divided into at least two or more groups on the surface in the furnace direction. In an atomizer equipped with a gas-liquid mixing chamber having rows, the slenderness ratio of the ejection holes on both ends of each ejection hole group
The feature is that L 1 / D 2 (ratio of the length L 1 of the ejection hole to the diameter D 1 ) is made larger than the slenderness ratio L 2 / D 2 of the ejection hole in the central portion.
本発明において、噴出２と噴出孔３の細長比の関係
は、おおむね次式の範囲とするのがCWMの燃焼に好適で
ある。In the present invention, the relationship between the slenderness ratios of the jets 2 and the jet holes 3 is preferably within the range of the following equation, which is suitable for CWM combustion.
L2/D2＋1.5≦L1/D1≦L2/D2＋2.5（最も好ましくはL1/
D1≒L2/D2＋２） 〔作用〕 両端側の噴出孔の細長比を中心部の噴出孔よりも大き
くすることにより、噴出孔内では燃料と微粒化媒体の運
動量交換が活発になり、両端側噴出孔でも微粒化が促進
され、微細な噴霧流になる。これによって、燃焼用空気
と燃料噴霧の混合が進み、濃炎燃焼による低NOx燃焼が
可能になる。また、燃料噴霧液滴が小さくなることから
その燃え切りも早まり灰中未燃分が低減する。以上の作
用により、低NOxと高効率の燃焼が同時に達成される。L 2 / D 2 + 1.5 ≦ L 1 / D 1 ≦ L 2 / D 2 +2.5 (most preferably L 1 /
D 1 ≈ L 2 / D 2 +2) [Action] Momentum exchange between fuel and atomization medium becomes active in the ejection holes by making the slenderness ratio of the ejection holes on both ends larger than that of the central ejection hole. The atomization is also promoted in the ejection holes on both ends, resulting in a fine spray flow. As a result, the mixing of the combustion air and the fuel spray progresses, and low NOx combustion by rich flame combustion becomes possible. Further, since the fuel spray droplets become small, the burnout is accelerated, and the unburned content in the ash is reduced. Due to the above actions, low NOx and highly efficient combustion are achieved at the same time.
第１図は、本発明の一実施例を示す内部混合式二流体
アトマイザの火炉側から見た平面図、第1A図および第1B
図は、第１図の噴出孔３、２をそれぞれＡ方向、および
Ｂ方向から見た軸方向断面図を示す。第１図において、
燃料を噴霧する噴出孔２および３は、２つのグループに
分割されてアトマイザチップ本体１の火炉側表面に開口
しており、各噴出孔にはセラミックス製の耐摩耗管５ま
たは６が挿入されている。各噴出孔グループの両端の端
側混合噴出孔３の口径D1は、中心混合噴出孔２の孔径D2
よりも小さく、また両噴出孔の長さL1およびL2は同一と
なっている（D1＜D2、L1＝L2）。その結果、両端の噴出
孔３の細長比L1/D1のほうが中心噴出孔２の細長比L2/D2
よりも大きくなる（L1/D1＞L2/D2）。FIG. 1 is a plan view of an internal mixing type two-fluid atomizer showing one embodiment of the present invention viewed from the furnace side, FIGS. 1A and 1B.
The figure shows axial cross-sectional views of the ejection holes 3 and 2 of FIG. 1 viewed from the A direction and the B direction, respectively. In FIG.
The jet holes 2 and 3 for spraying the fuel are divided into two groups and open on the surface of the atomizer chip body 1 on the furnace side. A wear-resistant pipe 5 or 6 made of ceramics is inserted into each jet hole. There is. The diameter D 1 of the end-side mixing ejection hole 3 at both ends of each ejection hole group is equal to the diameter D 2 of the central mixing ejection hole 2.
And the lengths L 1 and L 2 of both ejection holes are the same (D 1 <D 2 , L 1 = L 2 ). As a result, the slenderness ratio L 1 / D 1 of the ejection holes 3 at both ends is better than the slenderness ratio L 2 / D 2 of the central ejection hole 2.
Larger than (L 1 / D 1 > L 2 / D 2 ).
第２図は、本発明の他の実施例を示すアトマイザの火
炉側から見た平面図、第2A図、第2B図は、第２図の噴出
孔13および２をそれぞれＡ方向およびＢ方向から見た軸
方向断面図である。この実施例は、第１図の実施例と同
様の考え方に基づいているが、噴出孔群の両端の噴出孔
13の耐摩耗管（長さL3）14の入口を内部混合室４内へ突
き出すように配置させたものである。この例では、両端
の噴出孔の口径D3とその他の噴出孔の孔径D2が同一とし
たため、両端の噴出孔13の細長比が中心噴出孔２のそれ
よりも大きくなる（L3/D3＞L2/D2）。FIG. 2 is a plan view of the atomizer showing another embodiment of the present invention as seen from the furnace side, and FIGS. 2A and 2B show the injection holes 13 and 2 of FIG. 2 from the A direction and the B direction, respectively. It is the axial direction sectional view seen. This embodiment is based on the same concept as that of the embodiment of FIG. 1, except that the ejection holes at both ends of the ejection hole group are
The wear-resistant tube 13 (length L 3 ) 14 is arranged so that the inlet thereof projects into the internal mixing chamber 4. In this example, since the diameter D 3 of the ejection holes at both ends and the diameter D 2 of the other ejection holes are the same, the slenderness ratio of the ejection holes 13 at both ends is larger than that of the central ejection hole 2 (L 3 / D 3> L 2 / D 2) .
上記実施例によれば、両端の噴出孔３または13の細長
比を中心噴出孔２の細長比よりも大にすることにより、
噴出孔群の両端の噴出孔３または13で極めて微細な噴霧
流が作り出すことができ、そのため、バーナ近傍におい
て燃料噴霧と燃焼用空気との混合が進み、低NOx・高効
率燃焼が実現される。さらに噴霧液滴が小さくなれば、
当然のことながら灰中未燃分も低減する。According to the above-described embodiment, by making the slenderness ratio of the ejection holes 3 or 13 at both ends larger than that of the central ejection hole 2,
An extremely fine atomization flow can be created in the ejection holes 3 or 13 at both ends of the ejection hole group. Therefore, the fuel atomization and the combustion air are mixed in the vicinity of the burner, and low NOx and high efficiency combustion are realized. . If the spray droplet becomes smaller,
As a matter of course, the unburned content in ash is also reduced.
第３図および第４図は、本発明（第１図）と従来（第
５図）のアトマイザを用いて行なった実験結果を示す図
であり、第３図は、残存O2濃度に対する排ガス中のNOx
濃度の測定結果、第４図は、同一の酸素濃度（約３％）
で実験した気液比Wa/Wl（微粒化媒体流量Waに対する燃
料流量Wlの比）に対する灰中未燃分の変化を示す図であ
る。第３図の結果より、同一O2濃度で比較すると、第１
図に構造を示す本発明のアトマイザのほうが100ppm近く
NOxが低減していることがわかる。また第４図の結果よ
り、本発明アトマイザのほうが微粒化が改善されている
ことから、灰中未燃分がかなり低減することが確認され
た。なお、Wa/Wlの増加に対し、灰中未燃分が極小値を
とるような傾向となるのは、低気液比では微粒化が不良
になり、さらに高気液比になるとアトマイザからの噴出
速度が大きすぎて火炎がリフトするためと考えられる。3 and 4 are diagrams showing the results of experiments conducted using the atomizer of the present invention (FIG. 1) and the conventional atomizer (FIG. 5), and FIG. 3 is a graph showing the residual O 2 concentration in the exhaust gas. NOx
Concentration measurement results, Figure 4 shows the same oxygen concentration (about 3%)
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in unburned matter in ash with respect to a gas-liquid ratio Wa / Wl (ratio of a fuel flow rate Wl to an atomization medium flow rate Wa) that was tested in 1. From the results shown in FIG. 3, when comparing the same O 2 concentration,
The atomizer of the present invention whose structure is shown in the figure is closer to 100 ppm.
It can be seen that NOx is reduced. Further, from the results shown in FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the atomizer of the present invention was improved in atomization, so that the unburned content in ash was considerably reduced. Note that the unburned content in ash tends to have a minimum value with respect to the increase in Wa / Wl because atomization becomes poor at a low gas-liquid ratio, and when the gas-liquid ratio becomes higher, the atomizer It is considered that the flame was lifted because the ejection speed was too high.
本発明による低NOxアトマイザは、実施例で取り上げ
たCWM燃料のみならず、他のほとんど全てのボイラ用燃
料に対しても有効である。特に、石油系燃料の中でも、
残留固形炭素分の高くその燃え切りに問題がある劣質残
渣油（ストレートアスファルト）や原油スラッジまたは
PWM（石油コークス・水スラリ）、さらに石炭の流体化
燃料であるCOM（石炭・重油スラリ）やCMM（石炭・メタ
ノールスラリ）などに対しても、本発明アトマイザを適
用することにより、噴霧流の外緑で微粒化が著しく良好
になり、そのため、燃焼用空気との混合が促進され、排
ガス中のNOx濃度を増加させることなく、煤塵濃度を減
少させ、さらに灰中未燃分を低減することが可能にな
る。The low NOx atomizer according to the present invention is effective not only for the CWM fuel mentioned in the embodiment but also for almost all other boiler fuels. Especially among petroleum-based fuels,
Inferior residual oil (straight asphalt), crude oil sludge or
By applying the atomizer of the present invention to PWM (petroleum coke / water slurry), COM (coal / heavy oil slurry), CMM (coal / methanol slurry), etc. Atomization is remarkably improved in the outer green, which promotes mixing with combustion air, reduces NOx concentration in exhaust gas, reduces dust concentration, and further reduces unburned ash content. Will be possible.
本発明によれば、下記のような効果が得られる。 According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）着火が安定化し、保炎性が向上する。(1) Ignition is stabilized and flame holding property is improved.
（２）上記効果により、バーナ近傍に安定な高温還元ゾ
ーンが形成され、NOxを低減できる。(2) Due to the above effects, a stable high temperature reduction zone is formed near the burner, and NOx can be reduced.
（３）上記着火の促進と関連し、灰中未燃分が低減して
燃焼効率が向上する。(3) In connection with the acceleration of ignition, unburned components in ash are reduced and combustion efficiency is improved.
（４）短炎化するためボイラ火炉を小さくできる。した
がって経済性の面から有利になる。(4) Since the flame is shortened, the boiler furnace can be made smaller. Therefore, it is advantageous from the economical aspect.
（５）上記（１）ないし（３）の効果により、燃焼性の
劣る高燃料比炭（燃料比＝固定炭素／揮発分）を用いた
スラリ燃料にも有利になる。(5) Due to the effects of (1) to (3) above, it is also advantageous for a slurry fuel using a high fuel ratio coal (fuel ratio = fixed carbon / volatile matter) having poor combustibility.
（６）低過剰空気燃焼が可能になる。よって、Ｓ（イオ
ン）分を多く含有する炭種を用いても低温腐食を防止で
きる。(6) Low excess air combustion becomes possible. Therefore, low-temperature corrosion can be prevented even if a carbon species containing a large amount of S (ions) is used.
（７）微粒化が良好になるため、シンダアッシュ（エア
ヒータホッパから排出される燃えがら、もしくは燃え残
り）やクリンカアッシュの排出量が低減し、灰処理が容
易になる。(7) Since the atomization is improved, the emission amount of cinder ash (cinder or unburned residue discharged from the air heater hopper) and clinker ash is reduced, and ash treatment is facilitated.
以上のように、本発明を実施することにより、排ガス
中のNOx低減という環境保全対策のみならず、省エネル
ギーに対しても大きく貢献することができる。As described above, by implementing the present invention, not only environmental protection measures such as NOx reduction in exhaust gas but also energy saving can be greatly contributed.
第１図は、本発明の一実施例を示すアトマイザの火炉側
から見た平面図、第1A図はそのＡ方向の断面図、第1B図
はそのＢ方向の断面図、第２図は第１図の本発明の他の
実施例によるアトマイザ火炉側から見た平面図、第2A図
および第2B図は、それぞれ第１図のＡ方向およびＢ方向
の断面図、第３図および第４図は、本発明のアトマイザ
実験結果を示す図、第５図は、従来型の低NOx燃焼用ア
トマイザの火炉側から見た平面図、第5A図および第5B図
は第５図のＡ方向およびＢ方向の断面図、第6A図および
第6B図は、従来型アトマイザの流動現象を説明するため
の断面図および説明図、第７図は、従来の中間混合式二
流体アトマイザの断面図である。 １……アトマイザチップ本体、２……中心混合噴出孔、
３……端側混合噴出孔、４……内部混合室、５……耐摩
耗管、６……耐摩耗管。FIG. 1 is a plan view of an atomizer showing one embodiment of the present invention seen from the furnace side, FIG. 1A is a sectional view in the A direction, FIG. 1B is a sectional view in the B direction, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a plan view seen from the atomizer furnace side according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views in the directions A and B of FIG. 1, FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. FIG. 5 is a view showing an atomizer experiment result of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a plan view of a conventional low NOx combustion atomizer seen from the furnace side, FIGS. 5A and 5B are directions A and B in FIG. 6A and 6B are sectional views for explaining the flow phenomenon of the conventional atomizer, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the conventional intermediate mixing type two-fluid atomizer. 1 ... atomizer chip body, 2 ... central mixing ejection hole,
3 ... end side mixing ejection hole, 4 ... internal mixing chamber, 5 ... wear resistant tube, 6 ... wear resistant tube.
Claims (2)
に混合物を噴出する少なくとも２以上の群に分割された
噴出孔列を有するアトマイザにおいて、各噴出孔群の両
端側の噴出孔の細長比L1/D2（噴出孔の長さL1と口径D1
の比）を中心部の噴出孔の細長比L2/D2よりも大きくし
たことを特徴とする低窒素酸化物燃焼用アトマイザ。1. An atomizer having an ejection hole array divided into at least two or more groups for ejecting a mixture at the tip of a mixing chamber for mixing a fuel and an atomizing medium, the ejection holes on both end sides of each ejection hole group. Slenderness ratio L 1 / D 2 (Spout hole length L 1 and diameter D 1
Ratio) is made larger than the slenderness ratio L 2 / D 2 of the central ejection hole.
比L1/D1をL2/D2＋1.5≦L1/D1≦L2/D2＋2.5の範囲とする
ことを特徴とする低窒素酸化物燃焼用アトマイザ。2. In claim 1, the slenderness ratio L 1 / D 1 is in the range of L 2 / D 2 + 1.5 ≦ L 1 / D 1 ≦ L 2 / D 2 +2.5. An atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion, which is characterized in that
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3736987A JP2526234B2 (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1987-02-20 | Atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3736987A JP2526234B2 (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1987-02-20 | Atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS63204006A JPS63204006A (en) | 1988-08-23 |
| JP2526234B2 true JP2526234B2 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
Family
ID=12495605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3736987A Expired - Fee Related JP2526234B2 (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1987-02-20 | Atomizer for low nitrogen oxide combustion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2526234B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7360800B2 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2023-10-13 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Burner tip and burner combustion control system |
-
1987
- 1987-02-20 JP JP3736987A patent/JP2526234B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS63204006A (en) | 1988-08-23 |
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