JP2522919B2 - Air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （イ）産業上の利用分野 本発明は四方弁の切換操作で冷凍サイクルを可逆とし
た空気調和機に関する。The present invention relates to an air conditioner in which a refrigeration cycle is reversible by a switching operation of a four-way valve.

（ロ）従来の技術 従来、この種の空気調和機の除霜方法としては特公昭
54−38738号公報に示されたようなものが開示されてい
る。(B) Conventional technology As a conventional defrosting method for this type of air conditioner
The one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-38738 is disclosed.

この内容は、冷凍サイクルの減圧装置を側路するバイ
パス管を設け除霜時には四方弁を暖房状態に保持すると
共に、室内熱交換器から流れ出た冷媒をバイパス管を介
して室外熱交換器へ送り込み、この室外熱交換器に付着
した霜を溶かすようにしたものである。This content is that the bypass pipe that bypasses the decompression device of the refrigeration cycle is provided to keep the four-way valve in the heating state during defrosting, and the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger through the bypass pipe. The frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger is melted.

（ハ）発明が解決しようとする問題点 このような空気調和機において、室内熱交換器で放熱
作用を受けた後の冷媒が室外熱交換器に流れ込むように
なっているため、この室外熱交換器に供給される熱量が
不足ぎみとなり除霜時間が長くなるおそれがある。又室
外熱交換器に供給された熱量分だけ、室内熱交換器に供
給される熱量が少なくなるため暖房能力が低下するとい
う欠点もあった。更に、冷凍サイクル上の実質的な蒸発
器がないため液冷媒が圧縮機に吸入され、圧縮機が液圧
縮をするおそれがある。(C) Problems to be solved by the invention In such an air conditioner, the refrigerant after being subjected to the heat radiation effect in the indoor heat exchanger flows into the outdoor heat exchanger. There is a risk that the amount of heat supplied to the vessel will be insufficient and the defrosting time will be long. There is also a drawback that the heating capacity is reduced because the amount of heat supplied to the indoor heat exchanger is reduced by the amount of heat supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger. Further, since there is substantially no evaporator on the refrigeration cycle, the liquid refrigerant may be sucked into the compressor and the compressor may perform liquid compression.

本発明は、除霜時間を短縮すると共に、この除霜時の
室内温度の低下を低く抑えることを目的としたものであ
る。An object of the present invention is to shorten the defrosting time and suppress a decrease in the indoor temperature during the defrosting to a low level.

（ニ）問題点を解決するための手段 この目的を達成するために、本発明は室内・外両熱交
換器をつなぐ管路には、この室内熱交換器側から、除霜
運転時に作用される補助減圧装置、暖房運転時の冷媒の
熱が貯められ、１組の入口管及び出口管を備えた蓄熱装
置、暖房運転時に作用し除霜運転時に閉じられる主減圧
装置を順次設け、一端を前記主減圧装置と蓄熱装置とを
つなぐ配管に、他端を前記圧縮機の吸込側配管につない
だ第１バイパス管と、一端を前記主減圧装置と室外熱交
換器とをつなぐ配管に、他端を前記圧縮機の吐出側配管
につないだ第２バイパス管とを備え、これら第1,第２バ
イパス管には夫々除霜運転時のみ開放される第1,第２開
閉弁が配設し、この除霜運転時に前記四方弁を暖房運転
の状態に設定したものである。(D) Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve this object, the present invention applies a pipe connecting the indoor and outdoor heat exchangers from the indoor heat exchanger side during defrosting operation. The auxiliary decompression device, the heat storage device that stores the heat of the refrigerant during the heating operation, and the heat storage device that has a pair of inlet and outlet pipes, and the main decompression device that operates during the heating operation and is closed during the defrosting operation A pipe connecting the main pressure reducing device and the heat storage device, a first bypass pipe having the other end connected to the suction side pipe of the compressor, and one pipe connecting the main pressure reducing device and the outdoor heat exchanger, and the like. A second bypass pipe whose end is connected to the discharge side pipe of the compressor, and the first and second bypass pipes are respectively provided with first and second opening / closing valves that are opened only during defrosting operation. The four-way valve is set to the heating operation state during the defrosting operation.

（ホ）作用 暖房運転時に冷媒の凝縮熱および過冷却熱を蓄熱装置
に貯えて、除霜運転時にこの蓄熱装置に貯えられた熱
で、補助減圧装置から流出された冷媒を加熱し、この加
熱された冷媒を第１開閉弁の開放によって圧縮機へ戻す
と共に、第２開閉弁の開放によって圧縮機から吐出され
た冷媒の一部を室外熱交換器へ導びくようにしている。(E) Action The condensation heat and supercooling heat of the refrigerant are stored in the heat storage device during the heating operation, and the heat that is stored in this heat storage device during the defrosting operation heats the refrigerant that has flowed out from the auxiliary decompression device, and this heating The opened refrigerant is returned to the compressor by opening the first on-off valve, and a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is introduced to the outdoor heat exchanger by opening the second on-off valve.

（ヘ）実施例 第１図は本発明の空気調和機の一実施例の冷媒回路図
で、１は圧縮機、２は四方弁で、暖房並びに除霜運転時
は実線状態に設定され、冷房運転時は破線状態に設定さ
れる。３は室内熱交換器、４は補助電動弁（補助減圧装
置）で暖房時に弁の開度を全開とし、除霜時並びに冷房
時に弁の開度を調整するようにしている。５は蓄熱槽で
この槽内には補助電動弁４と主電動弁（後述する）とを
つなぐ冷媒配管が配設されている。又、この蓄熱槽５に
は下表に示すパラフィンワックスが蓄熱材６として収め
られている。(F) Embodiment FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of an embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention. 1 is a compressor, 2 is a four-way valve, and is set to a solid line state during heating and defrosting operation, and cooling is performed. It is set to a broken line during operation. Reference numeral 3 is an indoor heat exchanger, and 4 is an auxiliary electric valve (auxiliary pressure reducing device), which is configured to fully open the valve during heating and adjust the valve opening during defrosting and cooling. Reference numeral 5 denotes a heat storage tank, in which a refrigerant pipe connecting the auxiliary electric valve 4 and a main electric valve (described later) is arranged. Further, the heat storage tank 5 contains the paraffin wax shown in the table below as a heat storage material 6.

７は主電動弁（主減圧装置）で暖房時に空調負荷に応
じて弁の開度が調整され、冷房時に弁が開放され、除霜
時に弁が閉じるようにしている。８は室外熱交換器であ
る。９は第１バイパス管で、一端10は蓄熱槽５と主電動
弁７との間の配管11に、他端12は圧縮機１の吸込側配管
13に夫々つながれている。この第１バイパス管９には除
霜運転時のみ開放される第１開閉弁14が配設されてい
る。15は第２バイパス管で、一端16は主電動弁７と室外
熱交換器８との間の配管17に、他端18は圧縮機１の吐出
側配管19に夫々つながれている。この第２バイパス管15
には除霜運転時のみ開放される第２開閉弁20とキャピラ
リチューブ21とが配設されている。 Reference numeral 7 is a main motor-operated valve (main decompression device), the opening of the valve is adjusted according to the air conditioning load during heating, the valve is opened during cooling, and the valve is closed during defrosting. Reference numeral 8 is an outdoor heat exchanger. Reference numeral 9 is a first bypass pipe, one end 10 is a pipe 11 between the heat storage tank 5 and the main motor-operated valve 7, and the other end 12 is a suction side pipe of the compressor 1.
13 are connected respectively. The first bypass valve 9 is provided with a first opening / closing valve 14 which is opened only during the defrosting operation. Reference numeral 15 is a second bypass pipe, one end 16 is connected to a pipe 17 between the main motor-operated valve 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 8, and the other end 18 is connected to a discharge side pipe 19 of the compressor 1. This second bypass pipe 15
A second opening / closing valve 20 and a capillary tube 21 that are opened only during the defrosting operation are arranged in the.

前述した主電動弁７、補助電動弁４、第１開閉弁14、
第２開閉弁20は、運転モードに応じて下表のように制御
される。The main electric valve 7, the auxiliary electric valve 4, the first opening / closing valve 14,
The second on-off valve 20 is controlled as shown in the table below according to the operation mode.

このような構成を備えた空気調和機において、暖房運
転時は四方弁２を実線状態に設定すると共に、第１開閉
弁14並びに第２開閉弁20を閉とし、補助電動弁４の弁の
開度を全開とし、主電動弁７の弁の開度を暖房負荷に応
じて変えられるようにしておく。そして、圧縮機１から
吐出された冷媒を実線矢印のように流し室内熱交換器３
を凝縮器として作用させ室内を暖房する。この時、蓄熱
槽５内に冷媒管22内で凝縮液化した際に冷媒が放出した
凝縮熱は蓄熱槽５内の蓄熱材６を加熱してこれを融解す
る。従って蓄熱材６は40〜48kcal/kgの融解潜熱を保有
して蓄熱されている。このように暖房運転時は、室内熱
交換器３で室内を暖房すると同時に、蓄熱槽５に蓄熱を
行なう。 In the air conditioner having such a configuration, during heating operation, the four-way valve 2 is set to the solid line state, the first opening / closing valve 14 and the second opening / closing valve 20 are closed, and the valve of the auxiliary electric valve 4 is opened. The valve opening of the main motor-operated valve 7 can be changed according to the heating load. Then, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is caused to flow as shown by a solid arrow, and the indoor heat exchanger 3
Acts as a condenser to heat the room. At this time, the condensation heat released by the refrigerant when condensed and liquefied in the refrigerant pipe 22 in the heat storage tank 5 heats the heat storage material 6 in the heat storage tank 5 to melt it. Therefore, the heat storage material 6 stores the latent heat of fusion of 40 to 48 kcal / kg. As described above, during the heating operation, the indoor heat exchanger 3 heats the room and at the same time, the heat is stored in the heat storage tank 5.

そして除霜運転時は四方弁２を実線状態に保持すると
共に、主電動弁７を閉鎖し、補助電動弁４の弁の開度を
調整する。又、第１開閉弁14並びに第２開閉弁20を開放
させる。そして圧縮機１を運転させ冷媒を一点鎖線矢印
のように流す。この時圧縮機１の吐出管19から吐出され
た冷媒は四方弁２と第２バイパス管15とに分流される。
そして四方弁２側に流れ込んだ冷媒は室内熱交換器３に
流れ込む。この室内熱交換器３から流出された冷媒は補
助電動弁４で減圧膨張し、蓄熱槽５で蒸発し、冷媒が過
熱ガスとなるまで加熱する。この時蓄熱材６は凝固し、
放熱する。このようにして過熱ガス状態となった冷媒
は、主電動弁７が閉じられているため、第１バイパス管
９を介して圧縮機１の吸込管13に戻される。During the defrosting operation, the four-way valve 2 is maintained in the solid line state, the main motor-operated valve 7 is closed, and the opening degree of the auxiliary motor-operated valve 4 is adjusted. Further, the first opening / closing valve 14 and the second opening / closing valve 20 are opened. Then, the compressor 1 is operated to flow the refrigerant as indicated by the one-dot chain line arrow. At this time, the refrigerant discharged from the discharge pipe 19 of the compressor 1 is divided into the four-way valve 2 and the second bypass pipe 15.
Then, the refrigerant flowing into the four-way valve 2 side flows into the indoor heat exchanger 3. The refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 3 is decompressed and expanded by the auxiliary electric valve 4, evaporated in the heat storage tank 5, and heated until the refrigerant becomes superheated gas. At this time, the heat storage material 6 solidifies,
Dissipate heat. The refrigerant in the superheated gas state in this way is returned to the suction pipe 13 of the compressor 1 through the first bypass pipe 9 because the main motor-operated valve 7 is closed.

一方、前述の第２バイパス管15に導びかれた冷媒はキ
ャピラリチューブ21で減圧され室外熱交換器８に送り込
まれる。この室外熱交換器８で冷媒は、除霜のため放熱
凝縮し四方弁２を介して前述の第１バイパス管９からの
冷媒と合流して過熱または飽和蒸気となって圧縮機１に
戻される。On the other hand, the refrigerant introduced into the second bypass pipe 15 is depressurized by the capillary tube 21 and sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 8. In the outdoor heat exchanger 8, the refrigerant is radiatively condensed for defrosting, and merges with the refrigerant from the first bypass pipe 9 through the four-way valve 2 to become overheated or saturated vapor and returned to the compressor 1. .

第２図は上述の除霜運転時の冷媒の状態を示すモリエ
ル線図で、Ａ〜Ｂは圧縮機１での圧縮過程、Ｂ〜Ｃは室
内熱交換器３での凝縮過程、Ｃ〜Ｄは補助電動弁４での
減圧過程、Ｄ〜Ｅは蓄熱槽５での蒸発過程、Ｅ〜Ａは圧
縮機の吸込管における冷媒の合流混合過程である。又Ｂ
〜Ｆはキャピラリチューブ21での減圧過程、Ｆ〜Ｇは室
外熱交換器８での冷却過程で、この過程で室外熱交換器
８に付着している霜を溶かす。Ｇ〜Ａは圧縮機の吸込管
における冷媒の合流混合過程である。FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram showing the state of the refrigerant during the above defrosting operation, where AB is the compression process in the compressor 1, BC is the condensation process in the indoor heat exchanger 3, and C-D. Is a pressure reducing process in the auxiliary motor-operated valve 4, D to E are evaporation processes in the heat storage tank 5, and E to A are confluent mixing processes of the refrigerant in the suction pipe of the compressor. See B
˜F is a depressurizing process in the capillary tube 21, and FG is a cooling process in the outdoor heat exchanger 8, and frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger 8 is melted in this process. G to A are confluent mixing processes of the refrigerant in the suction pipe of the compressor.

冷房運転時の冷媒の流れは第１図の破線矢印で示して
その説明は省略した。The flow of the refrigerant during the cooling operation is shown by the broken line arrow in FIG. 1 and its description is omitted.

尚、上述の実施例で用いた蓄熱材は融点が43.7℃の低
融点・高ノルマル含量パラフィンワックスであったが他
のものとしては、蓄熱材の融解・凝固時の潜熱量を利用
できる融点が20℃〜65℃位の物質が望ましい。この物質
としては下表に示すものが考えられる。The heat storage material used in the above examples was a paraffin wax having a low melting point and a high normal content with a melting point of 43.7 ° C. However, as another material, a melting point capable of utilizing the latent heat amount at the time of melting and solidifying the heat storage material is used. A substance with a temperature of 20 to 65 ° C is desirable. The substances shown in the table below can be considered as this substance.

又、第１バイパス管９の他端12は室外熱交換器８と四
方弁２との間の配管23（除霜運転時の低圧側配管）につ
ないでも良く、同様に第２バイパス管15の他端18は室内
熱交換器３と四方弁２との間の配管24（除霜運転時の高
圧側配管）につないでも良い（第１図の破線参照）。 Further, the other end 12 of the first bypass pipe 9 may be connected to the pipe 23 (the low pressure side pipe at the time of defrosting operation) between the outdoor heat exchanger 8 and the four-way valve 2, and similarly the second bypass pipe 15 may be connected. The other end 18 may be connected to a pipe 24 (high-pressure side pipe during defrosting operation) between the indoor heat exchanger 3 and the four-way valve 2 (see the broken line in FIG. 1).

（ト）発明の効果 以上述べたように本発明は暖房運転時に冷媒の凝縮お
よび過冷却熱を蓄熱装置に貯えて除霜時にこの蓄熱装置
に貯えられた熱で補助減圧装置から流出された冷媒を加
熱して第１バイパス管を介して圧縮機へ戻すようにした
ので、除霜時に、蓄熱装置が冷凍サイクル上の蒸発器と
して作用するので、圧縮機に液冷媒が吸込まれる恐れが
少なく、圧縮機が液圧縮をおこすおそれを少なくするこ
とができ、又、圧縮機からの高温の冷媒を室内熱交換器
に直接導びいていると共に、蓄熱装置を蒸発器として作
用させて蓄熱装置の熱を充分利用できるようにしている
ので除霜時の室内温度の低下を低く抑えることができ
る。しかも、この除霜時に、室外熱交換器に圧縮機から
吐出された高温の冷媒を第２バイパス管を介して直接導
びくようにしたので除霜時間を短くすることができる。
更に、蓄熱装置として１組の入口管及び出口管を備えた
ものを使用しているので、蓄熱装置、延いては空気調和
機の構造を簡単にすることができると共に、構造が簡単
なためこの空気調和機の制御も容易にすることができ
る。(G) Effect of the Invention As described above, the present invention stores the refrigerant condensation and supercooling heat in the heat storage device during the heating operation, and the refrigerant stored in the heat storage device during defrosting causes the refrigerant to flow out from the auxiliary pressure reducing device. Since it is heated to be returned to the compressor through the first bypass pipe, the heat storage device acts as an evaporator on the refrigeration cycle during defrosting, so there is less risk of liquid refrigerant being sucked into the compressor. , It is possible to reduce the risk that the compressor will cause liquid compression, and while directing the high temperature refrigerant from the compressor directly to the indoor heat exchanger, the heat storage device is made to act as an evaporator, Since the heat is sufficiently utilized, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the indoor temperature during defrosting. Moreover, at the time of this defrosting, the high temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor is directly guided to the outdoor heat exchanger through the second bypass pipe, so that the defrosting time can be shortened.
Furthermore, since a heat storage device having a pair of inlet pipes and outlet pipes is used as the heat storage device, the structure of the heat storage device, and thus of the air conditioner, can be simplified and the structure is simple. Control of the air conditioner can also be facilitated.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第１図は本発明の空気調和機の一実施例を示す冷媒回路
図、第２図は第１図に示した空気調和機の除霜運転時の
冷凍サイクルのモリエル線図である。 １…圧縮機、２…四方弁、３…室内熱交換器、４…補助
減圧装置、５…蓄熱槽、７…主減圧装置、８…室外熱交
換器、９…第１バイパス管、14…第１開閉弁、15…第２
バイパス管、20…第２開閉弁。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing an embodiment of an air conditioner of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a refrigeration cycle Mollier of the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 during defrosting operation. It is a diagram. 1 ... Compressor, 2 ... Four-way valve, 3 ... Indoor heat exchanger, 4 ... Auxiliary decompression device, 5 ... Heat storage tank, 7 ... Main decompression device, 8 ... Outdoor heat exchanger, 9 ... First bypass pipe, 14 ... First on-off valve, 15 ... Second
Bypass pipe, 20… Second on-off valve.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項１】四方弁の切換操作で冷凍サイクルを可逆と
して暖房・除霜並びに冷房運転を可能とした空気調和機
において、この冷凍サイクルの一部をなす室内・外両熱
交換器をつなぐ管路には、この室内熱交換器側から、除
霜運転時に作用される補助減圧装置、暖房運転時の冷媒
の熱が貯められ、１組の入口管及び出口管を備えた蓄熱
装置、暖房運転時に作用し除霜運転時に閉じられる主減
圧装置を順次設け、一端を前記主減圧装置と蓄熱装置と
をつなぐ配管に、他端を前記圧縮機の吸込側配管につな
いだ第１バイパス管と、一端を前記主減圧装置と室外熱
交換器とをつなぐ配管に、他端を前記圧縮機の吐出側配
管につないだ第２バイパス管とを備え、これら第1,第２
バイパス管には夫々除霜運転時のみ開放される第1,第２
開閉弁が配設されており、この除霜運転時に前記四方弁
は暖房運転の状態に設定されていることを特徴とする空
気調和機。1. An air conditioner capable of heating, defrosting, and cooling operations by reversing a refrigerating cycle by switching a four-way valve, and a pipe connecting both indoor and outdoor heat exchangers forming a part of the refrigerating cycle. From the indoor heat exchanger side to the path, an auxiliary decompression device that acts during the defrosting operation, heat of the refrigerant during the heating operation is stored, and a heat storage device that has a pair of inlet and outlet pipes and a heating operation A main depressurizing device that acts sometimes and is closed during defrosting operation is sequentially provided, and one end is connected to a pipe connecting the main depressurizing device and the heat storage device, and the other end is connected to a suction side pipe of the compressor, and a first bypass pipe, A first bypass pipe having one end connected to a pipe connecting the main decompression device and the outdoor heat exchanger and the other end connected to a discharge side pipe of the compressor are provided.
The bypass pipe is opened only during defrosting operation, respectively.
An air conditioner provided with an on-off valve, wherein the four-way valve is set to a heating operation state during the defrosting operation.