JP2516750Y2 - Assembly of solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode - Google Patents
Assembly of solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrodeInfo
- Publication number
- JP2516750Y2 JP2516750Y2 JP3850090U JP3850090U JP2516750Y2 JP 2516750 Y2 JP2516750 Y2 JP 2516750Y2 JP 3850090 U JP3850090 U JP 3850090U JP 3850090 U JP3850090 U JP 3850090U JP 2516750 Y2 JP2516750 Y2 JP 2516750Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte membrane
- gas diffusion
- solid polymer
- polymer electrolyte
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y02E60/521—
Landscapes
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】 〈産業上の利用分野〉 本考案は、固体高分子電解質膜と電極との接合体に関
し、燃料電池や水電解等に用いて好適なものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a joined body of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an electrode, which is suitable for use in a fuel cell, water electrolysis and the like.
〈従来の技術〉 燃料電池は、資源の枯渇問題を有する化石燃料を使う
必要がない上、騒音をほとんど発生せず、エネルギの回
収効率も他のエネルギ機関と較べて非常に高くできる等
の優れた特徴を持っているため、例えばビルディング単
位や工場単位の比較的小型の発電プラントとして利用さ
れている。<Prior art> Fuel cells are excellent in that they do not need to use fossil fuels that have a resource depletion problem, generate almost no noise, and have much higher energy recovery efficiency than other energy engines. Because of its unique features, it is used as a relatively small power plant, for example, in building units or factory units.
近年、この燃料電池を車載用の内燃機関に代えて作動
するモータの電源として利用し、このモータにより車両
等を駆動することが考えられている。この場合に重要な
ことは、反応によって生成する物質をできるだけ再利用
することは当然のこととして、車載用であることからも
明らかなように、余り大きな出力は必要でないものの、
全ての付帯設備と共に可能な限り小型であることが望ま
しく、このような点から固体高分子電解質膜燃料電池が
注目されている。In recent years, it has been considered that the fuel cell is used as a power source of a motor that operates instead of an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle, and a vehicle or the like is driven by the motor. In this case, it is important to reuse the substance generated by the reaction as much as possible, and as is obvious from the fact that it is mounted on a vehicle, although a very large output is not necessary,
It is desirable that the size of the fuel cell is as small as possible together with all the incidental facilities. In view of such a point, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has been attracting attention.
ここで、一例として固体高分子電解質膜燃料電池本体
の基本構造を第３図を参照しながら説明する。同図に示
すように、電池本体01は固体高分子電解質膜02の両側に
ガス拡散電極03A,03Bが接合されることにより構成され
ている。そしてこの接合体は、固体高分子電解質膜02の
両側にガス拡散電極03A,03Bを合せた後、ホットプレス
等することにより製造される。また、ガス拡散電極03A,
03Bはそれぞれ反応膜04A,04B及びガス拡散膜05A,05Bが
接合されたものであり、電解質膜02とは反応膜04A,04B
の表面が接触している。したがって、電池反応は主に電
解質膜02と反応膜04A,04Bとの間の接触面で起こる。Here, as an example, the basic structure of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell body will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in the figure, the battery main body 01 is configured by joining gas diffusion electrodes 03A and 03B to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 02. Then, this joined body is manufactured by aligning the gas diffusion electrodes 03A and 03B on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 02 and then hot pressing or the like. In addition, the gas diffusion electrode 03A,
03B is formed by joining the reaction films 04A and 04B and the gas diffusion films 05A and 05B, respectively, and the electrolyte membrane 02 is the reaction films 04A and 04B.
The surfaces of are in contact. Therefore, the cell reaction mainly occurs at the contact surface between the electrolyte membrane 02 and the reaction membranes 04A and 04B.
例えばガス拡散電極03Aを水素極、ガス拡散電極03Bを
酸素極とし、各々のガス拡散膜05A,05Bを介して水素，
酸素を反応膜04A,04B側へ供給すると、各反応膜04A,04B
と電解質膜02との界面で次のような反応が起こる。For example, the gas diffusion electrode 03A is a hydrogen electrode and the gas diffusion electrode 03B is an oxygen electrode, and hydrogen is supplied through each gas diffusion film 05A, 05B.
When oxygen is supplied to the reaction film 04A, 04B side, each reaction film 04A, 04B
The following reaction occurs at the interface between the electrolyte membrane 02 and the electrolyte membrane 02.
反応膜04Aの界面： 2H2→4H+＋4e- 反応膜04Bの界面： O2＋4H+＋4e-→2H2O ここで、4H+は電解質膜02を通って水素極から酸素極
へ流れるが、4e-は負荷06を通って水素極から酸素極へ
流れることになり、電気エネルギが得られる。Interface of reaction film 04A: 2H 2 → 4H + + 4e − Interface of reaction film 04B: O 2 + 4H + + 4e − → 2H 2 O Here, 4H + flows from the hydrogen electrode to the oxygen electrode through the electrolyte membrane 02, 4e − flows from the hydrogen electrode to the oxygen electrode through the load 06, and electric energy is obtained.
〈考案が解決しようとする課題〉 上述した構成の燃料電池本体01では、電池反応は主
に、電解質膜02と各反応膜04A,04Bとの接触面で起こる
ので、電池性能を向上させるには電極自体を大きくある
いは多層にしなければならないという問題がある。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In the fuel cell main body 01 having the above-described configuration, the cell reaction mainly occurs at the contact surface between the electrolyte membrane 02 and the reaction membranes 04A and 04B. There is a problem that the electrodes themselves must be large or multi-layered.
すなわち、例えば燃料電池の小型化を追求するために
は、上述した電池本体01の単位体積当りの電池反応の向
上が必須となる。これは、水電解等を行う場合にも同様
である。That is, for example, in order to miniaturize the fuel cell, it is essential to improve the cell reaction per unit volume of the cell body 01 described above. This is the same when water electrolysis or the like is performed.
そして、単位体積当りの電池反応を向上させるために
は、例えば燃料ガスを含む原料ガス供給量を増大させる
ようにすることが有効である。Then, in order to improve the cell reaction per unit volume, it is effective to increase the supply amount of the raw material gas containing the fuel gas, for example.
本考案はこのような事情に鑑み、燃料電池や水電解等
に用いた場合に電池反応効率を大幅に向上させることが
できる固体高分子電解質膜と電極との接合体を提供する
ことを目的とする。In view of such circumstances, the present invention has an object to provide a joined body of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an electrode, which can significantly improve the cell reaction efficiency when used in a fuel cell, water electrolysis or the like. To do.
〈課題を解決するための手段〉 前記目的を達成する本考案に係る固体高分子電解質膜
と電極との接合体は、固体高分子電解質膜の両側に通気
性及び透水性を有する第１のガス拡散膜が、さらにその
両側に通気性を有するが透水性を有しない第２のガス拡
散膜が配されてなることを特徴とする。<Means for Solving the Problems> A solid polymer electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly according to the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object is a first gas having air permeability and water permeability on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The diffusion film is further characterized in that a second gas diffusion film having air permeability but no water permeability is arranged on both sides thereof.
本考案で固体高分子電解質膜とは水が共存しても液体
にならない電解質膜をいい、好適なものとしてはパーフ
ルオロスルフォン酸ポリマー膜（ナフィオン：デュポン
社商品名）を挙げることができるが、例えばスチレン系
イオン交換膜などの一般のイオン交換膜も用いることが
できる。In the present invention, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane means an electrolyte membrane that does not become a liquid even when water coexists, and a preferable example thereof is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membrane (Nafion: DuPont company name). For example, a general ion exchange membrane such as a styrene-based ion exchange membrane can also be used.
本考案において、通気性及び透水性を有する第１のガ
ス拡散膜とは、例えばリン酸型燃料電池に用いられるよ
うな緻密でなく透水性があるものをいう。また導電性を
有することが前提となるが、その中に触媒が分散されて
いるものでも分散されていないものでもよい。触媒が分
散されているものを用いる場合にはそのまま固体高分子
電解質膜に接合すればよいが、触媒が分散されていない
ものを用いる場合には、別途触媒を含む反応膜を介して
固体高分子電解質膜と接合するようにすればよい。In the present invention, the first gas diffusion film having air permeability and water permeability means a film which is not dense and is water permeable as used in, for example, a phosphoric acid fuel cell. Further, it is assumed that the catalyst has conductivity, but the catalyst may be dispersed therein or may not be dispersed therein. When using the one in which the catalyst is dispersed, it may be bonded to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane as it is, but when using the one in which the catalyst is not dispersed, the solid polymer is separately passed through the reaction membrane containing the catalyst. It may be bonded to the electrolyte membrane.
ここで、触媒としては、好ましくは白金，ロジウム，
パラジウム，ルテニウム，イリジウムなどの白金族金属
を挙げることができる。また、反応膜は触媒を担持させ
たものであればよく、一般には、疎水性カーボン及びフ
ッ素樹脂などの疎水性樹脂に、触媒を担持させた親水性
カーボン微粒子若しくは触媒微粒子を担持させたもの
で、電解質や水などを透過させる性質を有しているもの
である。Here, the catalyst is preferably platinum, rhodium,
Platinum group metals such as palladium, ruthenium and iridium can be mentioned. Further, the reaction film may be one supporting a catalyst, and generally, a hydrophobic resin such as a hydrophobic carbon and a fluororesin carrying hydrophilic carbon fine particles or catalyst fine particles supporting a catalyst. It has the property of allowing the passage of electrolytes and water.
なお、第１のガス拡散膜としては、具体的には、例え
ば特公昭56-6110号公報、特公昭61-1869号公報、特開昭
61-124592号公報、特開昭62-109989号公報に記載された
ものなどを挙げることができる。The first gas diffusion film is specifically, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-6110, Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-1869,
Examples thereof include those described in JP-A-61-124592 and JP-A-62-109989.
一方、第２のガス拡散膜とは、上述した第１のガス拡
散膜を緻密にしたようなもので、例えば疎水性カーボン
ブラックとフッ素樹脂などの疎水性樹脂とからなるもの
である。具体的には、特開昭62-154571号公報に記載さ
れたものなどを挙げることができる。On the other hand, the second gas diffusion film is a dense version of the first gas diffusion film described above, and is made of, for example, hydrophobic carbon black and a hydrophobic resin such as a fluororesin. Specific examples thereof include those described in JP-A-62-154571.
本考案の接合体は固体高分子電解質膜の両側に、必要
に応じて反応膜を介して第１のガス拡散膜及び第２のガ
ス拡散膜を順次配した挾持体をホットプレスすることに
より製造される。このときのホットプレスの条件は接合
する条件であれば特に限定されないが、一般に、120〜2
50℃の温度で100〜600kg/cm2の圧力で行えばよい。The joined body of the present invention is manufactured by hot-pressing a sandwiching body in which a first gas diffusion film and a second gas diffusion film are sequentially arranged on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane with a reaction membrane interposed as necessary. To be done. The hot pressing conditions at this time are not particularly limited as long as they are joining conditions, but generally 120 to 2
It may be carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a pressure of 100 to 600 kg / cm 2 .
このような接合体ではガス拡散膜の一部が緻密でなく
透水性を有するので、プロトン（H+）移動に必要な水分
の吸収が活発となり、結果として水素の消費も促進され
るため、全体としてガス拡散性が高くなり、燃料電池や
水電解等に用いた場合の原料ガスの供給量を増大させる
ことができる。In such a bonded body, a part of the gas diffusion film is not dense and has water permeability, so that water absorption necessary for proton (H + ) transfer becomes active, resulting in promotion of hydrogen consumption. As a result, the gas diffusivity becomes high, and the supply amount of the raw material gas when used in a fuel cell, water electrolysis or the like can be increased.
また、かかる接合体は、ガス拡散膜の外側表面に直接
接触するように水を流して固体高分子電解質膜に水蒸気
を補給するという方式で用いた場合に特に有用である。
すなわち、第２のガス拡散膜を設けないで第１のガス拡
散膜に直接接触するように水を供給した場合、第１のガ
ス拡散膜内に水が液体の状態のまま入り込んで目づまり
を起こして原料ガスが供給できなくなるという問題が生
じるが、本考案の接合体ではかかる問題が解消される。Further, such a joined body is particularly useful when used in a system in which water is supplied so as to directly contact the outer surface of the gas diffusion membrane to supply water vapor to the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
That is, when water is supplied so as to be in direct contact with the first gas diffusion film without providing the second gas diffusion film, the water enters the first gas diffusion film in a liquid state and causes clogging. As a result, the problem that the raw material gas cannot be supplied occurs, but the problem is solved in the joined body of the present invention.
〈実施例〉 以下、本考案を実施例に基づいて説明する。<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an example.
第１図には一実施例に係る固体高分子電解質膜とガス
拡散電極との接合体の断面を示す。同図中、１は固体高
分子電解質膜であり、この両側に第１のガス拡散膜2A,2
B、及び第２のガス拡散膜3A,3Bを接合して接合体として
いる。FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a joined body of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion electrode according to an embodiment. In the figure, 1 is a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and the first gas diffusion membranes 2A, 2 are provided on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
B and the second gas diffusion films 3A and 3B are joined to form a joined body.
ここで、固体高分子電解質膜１としては厚さ0.14mmの
デュポン社製のナフィオン115（商品名）を用いた。Here, as the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1, Nafion 115 (trade name) manufactured by DuPont with a thickness of 0.14 mm was used.
また、第１のガス拡散膜2A,2Bとしては、市販のガス
拡散電極（田中貴金属工業社製：リン酸型燃料電池用）
を用いた。Further, as the first gas diffusion membranes 2A and 2B, commercially available gas diffusion electrodes (manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK for phosphoric acid fuel cells)
Was used.
一方、第２のガス拡散膜3A,3Bは、平均粒径420Åの疎
水性カーボンブラックと平均粒径0.3μのポリテトラフ
ルオロエチレンとが7:3の割合から成る疎水性膜からな
り、かかるガス拡散膜3A,3Bは、例えば各原料粉末にソ
ルベントナフサ，アルコール，水，炭化水素などの溶媒
を混合した後、圧縮成形することにより得ることができ
る。On the other hand, the second gas diffusion films 3A and 3B are made of a hydrophobic film composed of hydrophobic carbon black having an average particle size of 420Å and polytetrafluoroethylene having an average particle size of 0.3μ in a ratio of 7: 3. The diffusion films 3A and 3B can be obtained, for example, by mixing each raw material powder with a solvent such as solvent naphtha, alcohol, water, and hydrocarbon, and then compression-molding.
そして、本実施例では、固体高分子電解質膜１の両側
に第１のガス拡散膜2A,2B及び第２のガス拡散膜3A,3Bを
配した挾持体を180℃で200atmの条件で300秒間ホットプ
レスすることにより接合体とした。Then, in the present example, the holder having the first gas diffusion membranes 2A, 2B and the second gas diffusion membranes 3A, 3B on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 was placed at 180 ° C. and 200 atm for 300 seconds. A joined body was obtained by hot pressing.
上述した接合体の両側に第２図に示すようにガスセパ
レータ4,5を設けて燃料電池本体とした。ガスセパレー
タ４は水素原料改質ガスを供給するための水素供給溝4a
と冷却水を流すための冷却水循環溝4bとを交互に有して
おり、一方、ガスセパレータ５は酸素若しくは空気を供
給するための酸素供給溝5aを有している。As shown in FIG. 2, gas separators 4 and 5 were provided on both sides of the above-mentioned joined body to form a fuel cell body. The gas separator 4 is a hydrogen supply groove 4a for supplying the hydrogen source reformed gas.
And cooling water circulation grooves 4b for flowing cooling water are alternately provided, while the gas separator 5 has an oxygen supply groove 5a for supplying oxygen or air.
このような構成において、ガスセパレータ４へ水素原
料改質ガス及び冷却水を供給すると共にガスセパレータ
５へ空気を供給すると、固体高分子電解質膜１と第１の
ガス拡散膜2Aとの界面に水素及び水蒸気が供給されると
共に、固体高分子電解質膜１と第１のガス拡散膜2Bとの
界面に酸素が供給され、発電される。なお、かかる発電
を継続したところ、第１のガス拡散膜2Aの水による目づ
まりもなく、水素及び酸素共に十分な供給が行われた。In such a configuration, when the hydrogen source reforming gas and the cooling water are supplied to the gas separator 4 and the air is supplied to the gas separator 5, hydrogen is generated at the interface between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and the first gas diffusion membrane 2A. And water vapor are supplied, and oxygen is supplied to the interface between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and the first gas diffusion membrane 2B to generate electricity. When the power generation was continued, hydrogen and oxygen were sufficiently supplied without clogging of the first gas diffusion film 2A with water.
〈考案の効果〉 以上説明したように、本考案の接合体は緻密でない第
１のガス拡散膜と緻密な第２のガス拡散膜とを合せて用
いているので、通気性が十分に確保でき、また、ガス拡
散膜の外側に水を接触するようにして供給しても目づま
り等が生じることもなく、燃料電池や水電解等に用いた
場合の電池反応効率が大幅に向上するという効果を奏す
る。<Effect of the Invention> As described above, since the bonded body of the present invention uses the first gas diffusion film that is not dense and the second gas diffusion film that is dense, it is possible to ensure sufficient air permeability. Further, even if water is supplied in contact with the outside of the gas diffusion film, clogging does not occur, and the effect of greatly improving the cell reaction efficiency when used in a fuel cell, water electrolysis, etc. Play.
第１図は一実施例に係る接合体の断面図、第２図は一実
施例に係る接合体の使用例を示す説明図、第３図は固体
高分子電解質膜燃料電池本体の基本構造の概念図であ
る。 図面中、 １は固体高分子電解質膜、2A,2Bは第１のガス拡散膜、3
A,3Bは第２のガス拡散膜、4,5はガスセパレータであ
る。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a joined body according to one embodiment, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a usage example of the joined body according to one embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a basic structure of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell body. It is a conceptual diagram. In the drawing, 1 is a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, 2A and 2B are first gas diffusion membranes, 3
A and 3B are second gas diffusion membranes, and 4,5 are gas separators.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.6 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/10 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/10 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 6 Identification code Agency reference number FI Technical display location H01M 8/10 H01M 8/10
Claims (1)
水性を有する第１のガス拡散膜が、さらにその両側に通
気性を有するが透水性を有しない第２のガス拡散膜が配
されてなることを特徴とする固体高分子電解質膜と電極
との接合体。1. A first gas diffusion membrane having air permeability and water permeability on both sides of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second gas diffusion membrane having air permeability but no water permeability on both sides thereof. A joined body of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane and an electrode, characterized in that
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3850090U JP2516750Y2 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | Assembly of solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3850090U JP2516750Y2 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | Assembly of solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03130150U JPH03130150U (en) | 1991-12-26 |
| JP2516750Y2 true JP2516750Y2 (en) | 1996-11-13 |
Family
ID=31546562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3850090U Expired - Fee Related JP2516750Y2 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | Assembly of solid polymer electrolyte membrane and electrode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2516750Y2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003099711A1 (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-12-04 | Sony Corporation | Fuel reformer and method of manufacturing the fuel reformer, electrode for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001513940A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2001-09-04 | マグネート−モートア、ゲゼルシャフト、フュール、マグネートモートリシェ、テヒニク、ミット、ベシュレンクテル、ハフツング | Gas diffusion electrode and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with low water diffusion capacity |
| CN1311578C (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2007-04-18 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Polymer electrolytic fuel cell and method for producing the same |
| JP3594533B2 (en) * | 2000-05-30 | 2004-12-02 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JP2007179870A (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2007-07-12 | Tomoegawa Paper Co Ltd | Gas diffusion electrode, membrane-electrolyte assembly, polymer electrolyte fuel cell and methods for producing them |
| JP5125275B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2013-01-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell and vehicle equipped with fuel cell |
| JP2022023997A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Electrochemical device |
-
1990
- 1990-04-12 JP JP3850090U patent/JP2516750Y2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003099711A1 (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-12-04 | Sony Corporation | Fuel reformer and method of manufacturing the fuel reformer, electrode for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03130150U (en) | 1991-12-26 |
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