JP2024046729A - Process - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2024046729A JP2024046729A JP2022207311A JP2022207311A JP2024046729A JP 2024046729 A JP2024046729 A JP 2024046729A JP 2022207311 A JP2022207311 A JP 2022207311A JP 2022207311 A JP2022207311 A JP 2022207311A JP 2024046729 A JP2024046729 A JP 2024046729A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cotton
- acidified
- mgo
- absorbent
- neutralizing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000359249 Ochrobactrum intermedium Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000736091 Sphingobium yanoikuyae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000863428 Phenylobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589513 Burkholderia cepacia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000202968 Burkholderia lata Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000548254 Delftia lacustris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589776 Pseudomonas putida Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001291485 Pseudomonas veronii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000122973 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010038731 Respiratory tract irritation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/26—Processes using, or culture media containing, hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
- C12N11/10—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a carbohydrate
- C12N11/12—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/46—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic and organic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
- B01J2220/4831—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton having been subjected to further processing, e.g. paper, cellulose pulp
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
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- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/22—Klebsiella
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/38—Pseudomonas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/38—Pseudomonas
- C12R2001/385—Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
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- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/38—Pseudomonas
- C12R2001/40—Pseudomonas putida
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- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/44—Staphylococcus
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において開示されるのは、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収における使用のための吸収剤を製造する方法である。該吸収剤は、排他的ではないが、汚染された土壌、海辺、地面等の処理において、特に使用される。 Disclosed herein is a method for producing sorbents for use in absorbing hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based contaminants. The sorbents are particularly, but not exclusively, used in treating contaminated soils, beaches, grounds, and the like.
ガソリン、ディーゼル、およびオイルなどの炭化水素ベースの製品、並びに塗料および殺虫剤などの他の汚染物質製品の広範な使用は、偶発的な漏出、不法投棄またはそのような製品の持続不可能な管理のいずれかを通して、土壌および自然環境の汚染につながっている。そのような製品による場所の汚染は、健康への重大な懸念を作り出し、並びに自然の生態系に広範な損害を引き起こす。 The widespread use of hydrocarbon-based products such as gasoline, diesel, and oil, as well as other pollutant products such as paints and pesticides, has led to contamination of soil and the natural environment, either through accidental spills, illegal dumping, or unsustainable management of such products. Contamination of sites with such products creates serious health concerns as well as causes widespread damage to natural ecosystems.
結果として、汚染された場所の修復は、土地管理の実行において重要な要素となっている。この点について、ガソリン、ディーゼル、オイル、塗料、および殺虫剤などの汚染物質の、土壌、海辺および他の土地領域からの除去は、より健康的でより住みやすい場所に、直接貢献する。例えば、土壌中の汚染物質の除去は、水路および埋め立て地中への汚染物質の浸出の防止によって、きれいな水および衛生に直接貢献する。修復を介して土壌の質を高めることは、より良い品質の食品および農産物の普及に貢献する。 As a result, remediation of contaminated sites has become an important component of land management practice. In this regard, the removal of contaminants such as gasoline, diesel, oil, paint, and pesticides from soils, beaches, and other land areas directly contributes to healthier, more livable places. For example, removing contaminants in soil directly contributes to clean water and sanitation by preventing the leaching of contaminants into waterways and landfills. Improving soil quality through remediation contributes to the spread of better quality food and agricultural products.
修復および漏出浄化製品は、典型的には、汚染物質を吸収するための吸収剤を含有する。カオリン、粘土、活性炭、セルロースおよび泥炭を含む、さまざまな種類の吸収剤が、修復/漏出浄化製品において使用されている。しかしながら、修復/漏出浄化製品がしばしば必要とされる規模は、吸収剤のコストが法外であり得ることを意味する。 Remediation and spill cleanup products typically contain an absorbent to absorb the contaminants. A variety of absorbents are used in remediation/spill cleanup products, including kaolin, clay, activated carbon, cellulose and peat. However, the scale at which remediation/spill cleanup products are often required means that the cost of the absorbent can be prohibitive.
より最近は、バイオレメディエーションが、汚染された場所、特に炭化水素ベースの汚染物質で汚染された場所を処理するのに、ますます使用されている。バイオレメディエーションは、汚染物質を吸収、分解および/または代謝して、より安全でより環境的にダメージの少ない化合物にすることができる、微生物を使用することを含む。バイオレメディエーションは、持続可能であり、生態系への影響がより少なく、多くの場合安価で、スケールアップ可能であり、汚染物質の破壊を通して恒久的な解決策を提供する。 More recently, bioremediation has been increasingly used to treat contaminated sites, especially those contaminated with hydrocarbon-based pollutants. Bioremediation involves the use of microorganisms that can absorb, degrade and/or metabolize contaminants into safer and less environmentally damaging compounds. Bioremediation is sustainable, has a lower impact on ecosystems, is often inexpensive, can be scaled up, and provides a permanent solution through the destruction of the contaminants.
しかしながら、汚染された場所の環境は、過酷であり、一般的には、微生物の活動を支援するものではない。結果として、汚染された場所におけるバイオレメディエーション中に微生物の活動および/または微生物の数を維持することは、困難であり得る。さらに、バイオレメディエーション中に微生物の集団を支援するのに適している可能性のある栄養製剤は、特にバイオレメディエーションが持続可能なように効果的であるために必要とされる規模では、信頼性が高くない。 However, the environment of a contaminated site is harsh and generally not supportive of microbial activity. As a result, it may be difficult to maintain microbial activity and/or microbial populations during bioremediation at a contaminated site. Furthermore, nutrient formulations that may be suitable for supporting microbial populations during bioremediation are not reliable, especially at the scale required for bioremediation to be sustainably effective.
必要とされているのは、特にバイオレメディエーションにおいて、環境修復に適した、費用対効果の高い形で、大規模に製造することができる製品である。 What is needed are products that can be produced cost-effectively and on a large scale, suitable for environmental remediation, especially in bioremediation.
本発明者らは、バイオレメディエーションにおける使用のために経済的に実行可能な規模で、微生物の活動を効果的に支援する吸収剤を製造する方法を開発した。該方法によって製造される吸収剤はまた、汚染物質を封じ込めることを確実にし、バイオレメディエーションから望ましい結果を達成するための時間、コストおよびリスクを低下させる。 The inventors have developed a method for producing a sorbent that effectively supports microbial activity on a scale that is economically viable for use in bioremediation. The sorbent produced by the method also ensures containment of contaminants, reducing the time, cost and risk to achieve desired results from bioremediation.
第1の態様は、
a.酸性化綿粉を提供すること;
b.該酸性化綿粉を、該酸性化綿粉を中和するのに十分な量の中和剤と組み合わせること
の工程を含む、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収のための吸収剤を製造する方法を提供する。
The first aspect is
a. providing an acidified cotton flour;
b) providing a method for making an absorbent for the absorption of hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based contaminants, comprising the step of combining said acidified cotton powder with a neutralizing agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize said acidified cotton powder.
第2の態様は、
a.酸性化綿粉を提供すること;
b.該酸性化綿粉を、該酸性化綿粉を中和するのに十分な量の中和剤と組み合わせて、吸収剤を製造すること;
c.1つまたは複数の微生物株を該吸収剤中に導入すること
の工程を含む、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収および低下のためのバイオレメディエーション製品を製造する方法を提供する。
The second aspect is
a. providing an acidified cotton flour;
b. combining the acidified cotton powder with a neutralizing agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize the acidified cotton powder to produce an absorbent;
c) providing a method for producing a bioremediation product for the absorption and reduction of hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based pollutants comprising the step of introducing one or more microbial strains into said absorbent.
第3の態様は、
a.酸性化綿粉を提供すること;
b.該酸性化綿粉を、該酸性化綿粉を中和するのに十分な量の酸化マグネシウムと組み合わせて、吸収剤を製造すること
の工程を含む、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収のための吸収剤を製造する方法を提供する。
第3の態様の方法は、
c.1つまたは複数の微生物株を該吸収剤中に導入すること
の工程をさらに含み得る。
The third aspect is
a. providing an acidified cotton flour;
b) combining said acidified cotton flour with magnesium oxide in an amount sufficient to neutralize said acidified cotton flour to produce an absorbent for the absorption of hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based contaminants.
The method of the third aspect comprises the steps of:
c. introducing one or more microbial strains into the absorbent.
本発明者らは、驚くべきことに、中和された綿粉が、それ自体で汚染物質吸収剤として作用し得るが、さらにバイオレメディエーション型の微生物の適切な担体としても作用し得ることを発見した(例えば、それらが、それらが汚染された場所のしばしば過酷な環境で生き残り、繁栄するように、多くの障壁を克服することを可能にすることによって)。さらに、本発明者らは、綿粉が、微生物がこれらの汚染物質を迅速に低下させることにおいてより効果的であるように、炭化水素を引き付け、該微生物を支援するホストとして作用することを確認した。 The inventors have surprisingly discovered that neutralized cotton powder can act as a pollutant absorbent in its own right, but can also act as a suitable carrier for bioremediation-type microorganisms (e.g., by allowing them to overcome many barriers so that they can survive and thrive in the often harsh environments of contaminated sites). Furthermore, the inventors have determined that the cotton powder acts as a host that attracts hydrocarbons and supports the microorganisms so that they are more effective in rapidly degrading these pollutants.
本方法の特定の実施態様の非限定的な例を、図1を参照することを含めて、ここで説明する。
一つの実施態様においては、
a.酸性化綿粉を提供すること;
b.該酸性化綿粉を、該酸性化綿粉を中和するのに十分な量の中和剤と組み合わせること
の工程を含む、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収のための吸収剤を製造する方法を提供する。
In one embodiment,
a. providing an acidified cotton flour;
b) providing a method for making an absorbent for the absorption of hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based contaminants, comprising the step of combining said acidified cotton powder with a neutralizing agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize said acidified cotton powder.
本明細書において使用する酸性化綿粉は、酸性化綿くずと同じ意味を有する。綿くずは、非常に短い繊維であり、典型的には、綿繰り処理後に綿実上に残る繊維である。綿くずは、(くずでコーティングされた)綿実を酸で処理して酸性化綿くずおよびくずを取った綿実を製造することにより、種子から取り出す。 As used herein, acidified cotton flour has the same meaning as acidified cotton litter. Cotton litter is the very short fibers that typically remain on the cottonseed after the ginning process. Cotton litter is removed from the seed by treating the cottonseed (coated with litter) with an acid to produce acidified cotton litter and de-littered cottonseed.
酸性化綿粉は、典型的には、綿の一部を粉塵に変換する条件下で酸で処理した任意の綿から産生し得る、廃棄物である。 Acidified cotton flour is a waste product that can typically be produced from any cotton that has been treated with acid under conditions that convert a portion of the cotton into dust.
一つの実施態様においては、処理酸は、ガスである。一つの実施態様においては、酸は、HCl、硫酸または硝酸である。一つの実施態様においては、酸は、HClまたは硫酸である。一つの実施態様においては、酸は、HClである。一つの実施態様においては、酸は、硫酸である。一つの実施態様においては、酸は、硝酸である。 In one embodiment, the treatment acid is a gas. In one embodiment, the acid is HCl, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid. In one embodiment, the acid is HCl or sulfuric acid. In one embodiment, the acid is HCl. In one embodiment, the acid is sulfuric acid. In one embodiment, the acid is nitric acid.
一つの実施態様においては、酸性化綿粉は、綿くずを粉塵に変換する条件下で綿くずを酸で処理することによって、製造する。例えば、植付け用の綿実を調製するときに、綿実の表面上の綿くずを酸で処理して、くずを取り外し得る。そのような、綿実のくずを取ることから製造した酸性化綿粉は、本明細書において記載する方法の原料を形成し得る。すなわち、通常は、植付け用の綿実の調製中に産生する廃棄物である、酸性化綿粉が、本明細書において記載する方法においては、有利な用途を見出し得る。酸性化綿粉は、綿産業の廃棄物であるため、それは、大量に経済的に得ることができ、該方法はまた、酸性化綿粉を廃棄する必要性を低下させる。 In one embodiment, acidified cotton flour is produced by treating cotton fluff with an acid under conditions that convert the cotton fluff to dust. For example, when preparing cottonseed for planting, the cotton fluff on the surface of the cottonseed may be treated with an acid to remove the fluff. Such acidified cotton flour produced from de-fluffing cottonseed may form the feedstock for the methods described herein. That is, acidified cotton flour, which is normally a waste product produced during preparation of cottonseed for planting, may find advantageous use in the methods described herein. Because acidified cotton flour is a waste product of the cotton industry, it may be obtained economically in large quantities, and the method also reduces the need to dispose of acidified cotton flour.
酸性化綿粉と組み合わせる中和剤は、粉末、微粒子、または溶液であり得る。一つの実施態様においては、中和剤は、粉末または微粒子である。そのような実施態様においては、中和は、酸性化綿粉および粉末または微粒子の組合せに水を適用することによって達成される。 The neutralizing agent combined with the acidified cotton powder can be a powder, particulate, or solution. In one embodiment, the neutralizing agent is a powder or particulate. In such an embodiment, neutralization is accomplished by applying water to the combination of the acidified cotton powder and the powder or particulate.
中和剤は、いったんそれが酸性化綿粉を中和したときに、その副産物が、得られる吸収剤の一部を形成するのに適しているように選択し得る。例えば、その副産物は、環境に優しい、中立的または有益でさえあり得る。 The neutralizing agent may be selected such that once it neutralizes the acidified cotton powder, its by-products are suitable to form part of the resulting absorbent. For example, the by-products may be environmentally friendly, neutral or even beneficial.
環境に有害ではなく、細菌の増殖および/または代謝に有益な中和剤を選択する際に、本発明者らは、微生物の活動が、保持されるかまたは刺激さえされ得ることを見出した。 In selecting a neutralizing agent that is not harmful to the environment and is beneficial to bacterial growth and/or metabolism, the inventors have found that microbial activity can be preserved or even stimulated.
一つの実施態様においては、中和剤は、微生物の生存に有益な金属を含む。一つの実施態様においては、金属は、アルカリ土類金属またはアルカリ金属である。一つの実施態様においては、金属は、マグネシウム、カルシウムおよびナトリウムから選択される。一つの実施態様においては、中和剤は、MgO、NaOH、CaO、Mg(OH)2、CaCO3、Ca(OH)2、またはMgCO3などの金属塩を含む。中和剤は、そのような塩の2つ以上の組合せを含み得る。 In one embodiment, the neutralizing agent comprises a metal beneficial to the survival of microorganisms. In one embodiment, the metal is an alkaline earth metal or an alkali metal. In one embodiment, the metal is selected from magnesium, calcium and sodium. In one embodiment, the neutralizing agent comprises a metal salt such as MgO, NaOH, CaO, Mg(OH) 2 , CaCO3 , Ca(OH) 2 , or MgCO3 . The neutralizing agent may comprise a combination of two or more of such salts.
一つの実施態様においては、中和剤は、MgOを含む。 In one embodiment, the neutralizing agent includes MgO.
オーストラリア特許第687186号は、硫酸で酸性化した綿を中和するためのアンモニア(NH3)の使用が、硫酸アンモニウムを含有する吸収剤をもたらすことを記載する。しかしながら、無水アンモニアは、有毒で、腐食性で、可燃性の危険なガスである。無水アンモニアを吸い込むことの影響は、肺への刺激から重度の呼吸器損傷にまで及び、より高い濃度では死亡の可能性がある。無水アンモニアはまた、皮膚、目および肺に対して腐食性でもある。従って、大量のアンモニアの使用は、特別な取扱いおよび保管条件を必要とする。 Australian Patent No. 687186 describes the use of ammonia (NH 3 ) to neutralize cotton acidified with sulfuric acid resulting in an absorbent containing ammonium sulfate. However, anhydrous ammonia is a dangerous gas that is toxic, corrosive and flammable. The effects of inhaling anhydrous ammonia range from lung irritation to severe respiratory damage and possible death at higher concentrations. Anhydrous ammonia is also corrosive to skin, eyes and lungs. Thus, the use of large amounts of ammonia requires special handling and storage conditions.
本明細書において記載するように、本発明者らは、アンモニアとは対照的に、MgOなどのアルカリ土類金属塩および/またはアルカリ金属塩が、より安全で、保管および取扱いがより容易であり、高い中和能力を有することを見出した。重要なことに、本発明者らは、吸収剤の製造(production)(すなわち、製造(manufacture))中に形成される大部分のマグネシウム塩が、容易に水に溶け、すなわち、引き続くスラッジ処理の問題なく、迅速で、きれいで効率的な中和操作を確実にすることを見出した。 As described herein, the inventors have found that, in contrast to ammonia, alkaline earth metal salts and/or alkali metal salts such as MgO are safer, easier to store and handle, and have high neutralization capacity. Importantly, the inventors have found that most of the magnesium salts formed during the production (i.e., manufacture) of the absorbent are readily soluble in water, thus ensuring a fast, clean, and efficient neutralization operation without subsequent sludge disposal issues.
本明細書において開示する吸収剤製品において産生するマグネシウム塩が、環境に悪影響を与えず、また、産生する吸収剤が、バイオレメディエーション適用において微生物の支援を強化することが見出された。この点については、実施例において記載するように、本明細書において記載する方法によって製造した吸収剤の使用は、
- 1000倍を超える、土壌細菌量における増加;
- 有益な細菌における増加を促進するための、多数の常在菌を有する環境内における、導入した細菌株の確立;
- 土壌デヒドロゲナーゼ酵素活性における、汚染されていない土壌において検出されるレベルまでの増強;
- 炭化水素(C6-C40からの炭化水素鎖長、BTEXおよびナフタレン3)の迅速な分解;
- 土壌の改善された保水能力;
- 微生物の活動にとって理想的なレベル内の維持されたpH;
をもたらす。
It has been found that the magnesium salts produced in the sorbent products disclosed herein do not adversely affect the environment, and that the sorbents produced enhance the support of microorganisms in bioremediation applications. In this regard, as described in the Examples, the use of sorbents produced by the methods described herein can:
- an increase in soil bacterial load of over 1000 fold;
- Establishment of the introduced bacterial strain in an environment with a large number of normal flora to promote an increase in beneficial bacteria;
- an increase in soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity to levels detected in uncontaminated soil;
- Rapid decomposition of hydrocarbons (hydrocarbon chain lengths from C6-C40, BTEX and naphthalene3);
- improved water-holding capacity of the soil;
- Maintained pH within ideal levels for microbial activity;
results.
理論に束縛されることを望むものではないが、本発明者らは、綿からのセルロースおよび中和剤の陽イオンの組合せが、過酷な汚染環境での微生物の活動を支援するのに役立つと信じる。 Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors believe that the combination of cellulose from cotton and the cations of the neutralizing agent helps support microbial activity in harsh, polluted environments.
典型的には、MgOは、粉末として酸性化綿に添加し、これらは、酸性化綿とMgO粉末との組合せに水を適用することによって反応する。 Typically, MgO is added as a powder to acidified cotton, which is reacted by applying water to the combination of acidified cotton and MgO powder.
一つの実施態様においては、粉末は、MgOを含む鉱物粉末である。一つの実施態様においては、MgOを含む鉱物粉末は、反応性のか焼した(calcined)テクニカルグレードのMgOを含む。 In one embodiment, the powder is a mineral powder comprising MgO. In one embodiment, the mineral powder comprising MgO comprises reactive calcined technical grade MgO.
一つの実施態様においては、か焼したテクニカルグレードのMgOは、少なくとも95% MgO w/w%、典型的には少なくとも96%、より典型的には少なくとも97%w/w%を含む組成物である。 In one embodiment, calcined technical grade MgO is a composition comprising at least 95% MgO w/w%, typically at least 96%, more typically at least 97% w/w%.
一つの実施態様においては、か焼したテクニカルグレードのMgOは、3~8ミクロンの平均粒子径を有する。本発明者らは、3~8ミクロンの平均粒子径が、改善された中和を提供することを見出した。 In one embodiment, the calcined technical grade MgO has an average particle size of 3 to 8 microns. The inventors have found that an average particle size of 3 to 8 microns provides improved neutralization.
一つの実施態様においては、MgOは、酸性化綿粉1kgあたり1~10重量%、2~9重量%、2~8重量%、2~7重量%、または2~6重量%の範囲のMgOの量で適用する。典型的には、MgOは、綿粉1kgあたり2~6重量%の範囲のMgOの量で適用する。 In one embodiment, MgO is applied in an amount ranging from 1-10%, 2-9%, 2-8%, 2-7%, or 2-6% by weight MgO per kg of acidified cotton flour. Typically, MgO is applied in an amount ranging from 2-6% by weight MgO per kg of cotton flour.
一つの実施態様においては、か焼したテクニカルグレードのMgOは、MgO、CaO、SiO2、Fe2O3、およびAl2O3を含む。 In one embodiment, the calcined technical grade MgO comprises MgO, CaO , SiO2 , Fe2O3 , and Al2O3 .
一つの実施態様においては、か焼したテクニカルグレードのMgOは、3~8ミクロンの平均粒子径を有する、MgO、CaO、SiO2、Fe2O3、およびAl2O3を含む。 In one embodiment, the calcined technical grade MgO comprises MgO, CaO, SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 with an average particle size of 3 to 8 microns.
一つの実施態様においては、か焼したテクニカルグレードのMgOは、表1に記載する成分および特性を有する。 In one embodiment, the calcined technical grade MgO has the composition and properties set forth in Table 1.
一つの実施態様においては、本方法はさらに、1つまたは複数の微生物株を吸収剤に導入する工程を含む。 In one embodiment, the method further comprises introducing one or more microbial strains into the absorbent.
本明細書において使用する、1つまたは複数の微生物株を吸収剤に導入することは、該吸収剤に固有のまたは本来関連する任意の微生物株に加えて、1つまたは複数の微生物株を該吸収剤に添加することを指す。いくつかの実施態様においては、1つまたは複数の微生物株は、それらが吸収剤に本来関連しない種であるという点で、該吸収剤にとって外因性の種由来である。いくつかの実施態様においては、1つまたは複数の微生物株は、それらが吸収剤に本来関連する種由来であるが、該吸収剤においてすでに自然発生している微生物群に加えて添加されるという点で、該吸収剤に固有の種由来である。いくつかの実施態様においては、1つまたは複数の微生物株は、外因性のおよび固有の種由来の株の混合物を含む。導入した株は、吸収剤とブレンドするか、さもなければ混合し得る。 As used herein, introducing one or more microbial strains into an absorbent refers to adding one or more microbial strains to the absorbent in addition to any microbial strains native or naturally associated with the absorbent. In some embodiments, the one or more microbial strains are from species exogenous to the absorbent in that they are species not natively associated with the absorbent. In some embodiments, the one or more microbial strains are from species native to the absorbent in that they are from species natively associated with the absorbent but are added in addition to the microbial population already naturally occurring in the absorbent. In some embodiments, the one or more microbial strains comprise a mixture of strains from exogenous and native species. The introduced strains may be blended or otherwise mixed with the absorbent.
本発明者らは、多数の常在菌を有する環境内における、導入した微生物株、典型的には導入した細菌株の確立が、有益な細菌における増加を促進することを見出した。 The inventors have found that the establishment of an introduced microbial strain, typically an introduced bacterial strain, in an environment with a large number of resident bacteria promotes an increase in beneficial bacteria.
典型的には、1つまたは複数の微生物株の少なくとも1つは、炭化水素ベースの汚染物質中の1つまたは複数の炭化水素を利用することができる。 Typically, at least one of the one or more microbial strains is capable of utilizing one or more hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon-based contaminant.
一つの実施態様においては、1つまたは複数の微生物株は、細菌株である。
10
In one embodiment, the one or more microbial strains are bacterial strains.
10
一つの実施態様においては、1つまたは複数の微生物株は、細菌株のコンソーシアムである。 In one embodiment, the one or more microbial strains is a consortium of bacterial strains.
典型的には、細菌株は、含油植物に本来関連する、典型的な細菌株である。含油植物の例は、綿、落花生、米、とうもろこし、および大豆を含む。 Typically, the bacterial strain is a typical bacterial strain that is naturally associated with oil-bearing plants. Examples of oil-bearing plants include cotton, peanuts, rice, corn, and soybeans.
一つの実施態様においては、吸収剤中に導入する1つまたは複数の細菌株は、緑膿菌、枯草菌、スフィンゴビウム・ヤノイクヤエ、フェニロバクテリウム属の種、およびオクロバクトラム・インターメディウムから選択される少なくとも1種由来の、典型的には少なくとも2、3、4、または5種由来の1つまたは複数の株を含む。 In one embodiment, the one or more bacterial strains introduced into the absorbent include one or more strains from at least one species, typically from at least two, three, four, or five species, selected from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Phenylobacterium species, and Ochrobactrum intermedium.
一つの実施態様においては、吸収剤中に導入する1つまたは複数の細菌株は、緑膿菌、枯草菌、スフィンゴビウム・ヤノイクヤエ、フェニロバクテリウム属の種、オクロバクトラム・インターメディウム、ブドウ球菌属の種、バークホルデリア・ラタ、ステノトロホモナス・マルトフィリア、クレブシエラ属の種、パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ、シュードモナス・ヴェロニ、デルフティア・ラクストリス、バークホルデリア・セパシア、バチルス・ベレゼンシス、およびシュードモナス・プチダから選択される少なくとも1種由来の、典型的には少なくとも2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14または15種由来の1つまたは複数の株を含む。 In one embodiment, the one or more bacterial strains introduced into the absorbent include one or more strains from at least one species selected from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Phenylobacterium spp., Ochrobactrum intermedium, Staphylococcus spp., Burkholderia lata, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella spp., Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas veronii, Delftia lacustris, Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus verrezensis, and Pseudomonas putida, typically from at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 species.
一つの実施態様においては、吸収剤中に導入する1つまたは複数の細菌株は、種:緑膿菌、枯草菌、スフィンゴビウム・ヤノイクヤエ、フェニロバクテリウム属の種、およびオクロバクトラム・インターメディウムのそれぞれ由来の少なくとも1つの株を含む。 In one embodiment, the one or more bacterial strains introduced into the absorbent include at least one strain from each of the species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Phenylobacterium species, and Ochrobactrum intermedium.
一つの実施態様においては、吸収剤中に導入する1つまたは複数の細菌株は、種:緑膿菌、枯草菌、スフィンゴビウム・ヤノイクヤエ、フェニロバクテリウム属の種、オクロバクトラム・インターメディウム、ブドウ球菌属の種、バークホルデリア・ラタ、ステノトロホモナス・マルトフィリア、クレブシエラ属の種、パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ、シュードモナス・ヴェロニ、デルフティア・ラクストリス、バークホルデリア・セパシア、バチルス・ベレゼンシス、およびシュードモナス・プチダのそれぞれ由来の少なくとも1つの株を含む。 In one embodiment, the one or more bacterial strains introduced into the absorbent include at least one strain from each of the following species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Phenylobacterium spp., Ochrobactrum intermedium, Staphylococcus spp., Burkholderia lata, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella spp., Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas veronii, Delftia lacustris, Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus verrezensis, and Pseudomonas putida.
以下の特許請求の範囲においてはおよび先行する説明においては、明示的な文言または必然的な暗黙によって文脈がそれとは違った風に求める場合を除き、単語「含む(comprise)」または「含む(comprises)」若しくは「含む(comprising)」などの変形は、包括的な意味で、すなわち、記載する特徴の存在を明記するが、本方法のさまざまな実施態様におけるさらなる特徴の存在または追加を排除しないように、使用される。 In the claims that follow and in the preceding description, unless the context requires otherwise, either by express wording or by necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" are used in an inclusive sense, i.e., to specify the presence of the described features but not to exclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the method.
図1は、バイオレメディエーション製品を製造する工程を示す図である。この方法において、綿繰りによる種子からの綿の除去によって製造される毛羽立った綿実は、綿くずの原料である。毛羽立った綿実を、高温のオーブン中で加熱して、長いくず繊維を取り除く。しかしながら、長いくず繊維を取り除くために綿加工産業において使用される任意の方法を使用して、長いくず繊維を取り除き得ることは、当業者によって認識されるであろう。 Figure 1 illustrates a process for producing a bioremediation product. In this process, fluffy cottonseed, produced by removal of the cotton from the seed by ginning, is the source of cotton trash. The fluffy cottonseed is heated in a high temperature oven to remove the long trash fibers. However, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that any method used in the cotton processing industry to remove long trash fibers may be used to remove the long trash fibers.
残りの短い繊維を有する綿実を、濃HClガスで処理して、1未満のpHを有する酸性化綿粉をもたらす。 The remaining short fiber cottonseed is treated with concentrated HCl gas to produce an acidified cotton flour with a pH of less than 1.
酸性化綿粉は、さまざまな綿加工工場から商業的に入手し得る。 Acidified cotton flour is commercially available from a variety of cotton processing plants.
酸性化綿粉を、次いで、MgOを含む中和剤とブレンドし、中和効果を生み出すのに十分な、少量の水を添加する。これは、5を超えるpHを有する吸収剤の産生をもたらす。得られた吸収剤は、すぐに流通できる製品として包装し得る。 The acidified cotton powder is then blended with a neutralizing agent containing MgO and a small amount of water is added, sufficient to produce a neutralizing effect. This results in the production of an absorbent having a pH greater than 5. The resulting absorbent may be packaged as a ready-to-distribute product.
任意に、吸収剤を、引き続き、包装用の製品を製造するために細かい木材繊維とブレンドする。 Optionally, the absorbent is subsequently blended with fine wood fibers to produce a product for packaging.
さらに、吸収剤は、引き続き、緑膿菌、枯草菌、スフィンゴビウム・ヤノイクヤエ、フェニロバクテリウム属の種、オクロバクトラム・インターメディウム、ブドウ球菌属の種、バークホルデリア・ラタ、ステノトロホモナス・マルトフィリア、クレブシエラ属の種、パエニバシラス・ポリミキサ、シュードモナス・ヴェロニ、デルフティア・ラクストリス、バークホルデリア・セパシア、バチルス・ベレゼンシス、およびシュードモナス・プチダを含む細菌のコンソーシアムとブレンドし得る。 Furthermore, the absorbent may subsequently be blended with a consortium of bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobium yanoikuyae, Phenylobacterium spp., Ochrobactrum intermedium, Staphylococcus spp., Burkholderia lata, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Klebsiella spp., Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas veronii, Delftia lacustris, Burkholderia cepacia, Bacillus verrezensis, and Pseudomonas putida.
硝酸アンモニウムまたは他の窒素源などの栄養素をこの段階で加えて、細菌の支援を助ける。 Nutrients such as ammonium nitrate or other nitrogen sources can be added at this stage to help support the bacteria.
得られるバイオレメディエーション製品を、次いで、すぐに流通できるように包装する。 The resulting bioremediation product is then packaged for immediate distribution.
本明細書に開示する方法の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、多くの修正をなし得ることは、当業者に理解されるであろう。 It will be understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the methods disclosed herein.
Claims (16)
b.該酸性化綿粉を、該酸性化綿粉を中和するのに十分な量の中和剤と組み合わせること
の工程を含む、炭化水素ベースおよび水性ベースの汚染物質の吸収のための吸収剤を製造する方法。 a. providing an acidified cotton flour;
b) a method of making an absorbent for the absorption of hydrocarbon-based and aqueous-based contaminants comprising the step of combining said acidified cotton powder with a neutralizing agent in an amount sufficient to neutralize said acidified cotton powder.
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