JP2023042399A - Circularly polarized antenna and communication device - Google Patents

Circularly polarized antenna and communication device Download PDF

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JP2023042399A
JP2023042399A JP2021149676A JP2021149676A JP2023042399A JP 2023042399 A JP2023042399 A JP 2023042399A JP 2021149676 A JP2021149676 A JP 2021149676A JP 2021149676 A JP2021149676 A JP 2021149676A JP 2023042399 A JP2023042399 A JP 2023042399A
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excitation
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axis direction
circularly polarized
antenna
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滋 牧野
Shigeru Makino
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Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT)
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Abstract

To provide a compact, wideband circularly polarized antenna and a communication device using the antenna.SOLUTION: A circularly polarized antenna 100 includes a metal layer 20, a plurality of radiating element layers 12 arranged to face the metal layer 20, and a plurality of non-contact excitation elements arranged between the metal layer 20 and the plurality of radiating element layers 12 or on the plurality of radiation element layers 12 via dielectric layers 31 and 32. The plurality of non-contact excitation elements has a phase difference of π/2 from each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、円偏波特性を有する小型アンテナに関する。 The present invention relates to a compact antenna having circular polarization characteristics.

互いに直交する偏波が等振幅で±π／２の位相差を有していると円偏波が出現する。
近年、移動体通信や衛星通信の発展に伴い円偏波アンテナが着目されているが、一般的には直線偏波のアンテナが２個必要であるために円偏波アンテナのサイズが大きくなる問題がある。 Circularly polarized waves appear when polarized waves orthogonal to each other have equal amplitude and a phase difference of ±π/2.
In recent years, with the development of mobile communications and satellite communications, attention has been paid to circularly polarized antennas. However, since two linearly polarized antennas are generally required, the size of circularly polarized antennas increases. There is

本出願人は先に、薄くて小型化を図った直線偏波特性を有するアンテナ（薄型アンテナ）を提案している（特許文献１，２）。
本発明は、上記技術をベースに円偏波特性を有するアンテナに展開したものである。 The present applicant has previously proposed an antenna (thin antenna) that is thin and has linearly polarized wave characteristics (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
The present invention is based on the above technology and is developed into an antenna having circularly polarized wave characteristics.

特許第６４５２４７７号公報Japanese Patent No. 6452477 特開２０２１－１００９７号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-10097

本発明は、小型でかつ広帯域な円偏波アンテナの提供を目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and wideband circularly polarized antenna.

本発明に係る円偏波アンテナは、金属層と、前記金属層に対向配置した複数の放射素子層と、前記金属層と前記複数の放射素子層の間又は前記複数の放射素子層の上に誘電体層を介して配置した複数の非接触励振素子とを有し、前記複数の非接触励振素子は相互にπ／２の位相差を有していることを特徴とする。 A circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention comprises a metal layer, a plurality of radiating element layers arranged opposite to the metal layer, and between the metal layer and the plurality of radiating element layers or on the plurality of radiating element layers: and a plurality of non-contact excitation elements arranged with dielectric layers interposed therebetween, wherein the plurality of non-contact excitation elements have a phase difference of π/2 with each other.

ここで金属層とは、金属板あるいは各種基板に金属薄膜を形成したもの等、所定の広さ及び外形形状を有する。
放射素子層は、導電体層であり複数の放射素子層を所定の間隔（スリット）を設けて平面状に配置し、誘電体層を介して金属層と対向配置してある。
誘電体層は樹脂板等の誘電材でもよく、空気層でもよい。
したがって、金属層と放射素子層との間に非接触励振素子を配設する構造としては、金属層の上に第１誘電体層を配置し、この第１誘電体層の上に複数の非接触励振素子を配置し、この複数の非接触励振素子の上に第２誘電体層を配置し、さらに第２誘電体層の上に複数の放射素子を配置した積層構造になる。
なお、この第１及び第２誘電体層は空気層であってもよい。
また、この複数の非接触励振素子は、放射素子層の上側に誘電体層を介して配置しても同様の作用が生じる。 Here, the metal layer has a predetermined width and external shape, such as a metal plate or a metal thin film formed on various substrates.
The radiating element layer is a conductive layer, and a plurality of radiating element layers are arranged in a plane with a predetermined interval (slit) provided, and are arranged to face the metal layer via the dielectric layer.
The dielectric layer may be a dielectric material such as a resin plate, or may be an air layer.
Therefore, as a structure for arranging the non-contact excitation element between the metal layer and the radiating element layer, a first dielectric layer is arranged on the metal layer, and a plurality of non-contact elements are arranged on the first dielectric layer. A laminated structure is formed by arranging a contact excitation element, disposing a second dielectric layer on the plurality of non-contact excitation elements, and further disposing a plurality of radiation elements on the second dielectric layer.
The first and second dielectric layers may be air layers.
Also, the plurality of non-contact excitation elements can be arranged above the radiating element layer with a dielectric layer interposed therebetween to produce the same effect.

非接触励振素子はスルーホール等を介して、外部と電気接続された給電点を有し、放射素子層に励振を発現させるための励振アンテナとして作用する。 The non-contact excitation element has a feed point electrically connected to the outside via a through hole or the like, and acts as an excitation antenna for causing excitation in the radiation element layer.

複数の放射素子層に円偏波特性を発現させる態様としては、次のような構造例が挙げられる。
前記複数の放射素子層は第１放射素子層と、前記第１放射素子層に対してＸ軸方向に配置した第２放射素子層と、前記第１放射素子層に対してＹ軸方向に配置した第３放射素子層とからなり、前記複数の非接触励振素子は、前記Ｘ軸方向に配置した第１励振素子と前記Ｙ軸方向に配置した第２励振素子とからなる。 The following structural example can be given as a mode for exhibiting circularly polarized wave characteristics in a plurality of radiating element layers.
The plurality of radiation element layers includes a first radiation element layer, a second radiation element layer arranged in an X-axis direction with respect to the first radiation element layer, and a Y-axis direction with respect to the first radiation element layer. The plurality of non-contact excitation elements are composed of first excitation elements arranged in the X-axis direction and second excitation elements arranged in the Y-axis direction.

あるいは、前記複数の放射素子層は第１，第２，第３及び第４放射素子層の４つの放射素子層をＸ軸方向２列、Ｙ軸方向２列に配置してあり、前記複数の非接触励振素子はＸ軸方向に配置した第１励振素子とＹ軸方向に配置した第２励振素子からなる。
この場合に、非接触励振素子は２つに限定されず、複数の非接触励振素子は第１，第２，第３及び第４励振素子の４つが順次、π／２位相差を有しながら、第１励振素子は前記第１及び第２放射素子層に跨がり、第２励振素子は前記第１及び第３放射素子層に跨がり、第３励振素子は前記第３及び第４放射素子層に跨がり、第４励振素子は前記第４及び第２放射素子層に跨がって配設されていてもよい。 Alternatively, in the plurality of radiation element layers, four radiation element layers of first, second, third and fourth radiation element layers are arranged in two rows in the X-axis direction and two rows in the Y-axis direction, The non-contact excitation element consists of a first excitation element arranged in the X-axis direction and a second excitation element arranged in the Y-axis direction.
In this case, the number of non-contact excitation elements is not limited to two, and four of the plurality of non-contact excitation elements, ie, the first, second, third and fourth excitation elements, are sequentially arranged while having a π/2 phase difference. , a first excitation element straddles the first and second radiation element layers, a second excitation element straddles the first and third radiation element layers, and a third excitation element straddles the third and fourth radiation element layers Straddling the layers, the fourth excitation element may be disposed straddling the fourth and second radiation element layers.

本発明に係る円偏波アンテナの詳細は後述するが、薄くて小型であり、広帯域であることから各種の移動体用等の通信アンテナに適用できる。
例えば、移動通信機器，電子機器，車載機器等、広い分野に展開できる。 Although the details of the circularly polarized wave antenna according to the present invention will be described later, it is thin and compact, and has a wide band, so it can be applied to communication antennas for various mobile bodies.
For example, it can be deployed in a wide range of fields such as mobile communication equipment, electronic equipment, and vehicle-mounted equipment.

円偏波アンテナの実施例１、外観図を示す。1 shows an external view of a circularly polarized antenna according to a first embodiment; FIG. 実施例１のアンテナの分解図を示し、（ａ）は放射素子層の配置図、（ｂ）は励振素子の配置図、（ｃ）は金属層の外形を示す。1 shows an exploded view of the antenna of Example 1, where (a) is a layout diagram of a radiation element layer, (b) is a layout diagram of an excitation element, and (c) is an outline of a metal layer. 実施例１のアンテナのＸ軸方向断面図を示す。1 shows a cross-sectional view of the antenna of Example 1 in the X-axis direction. FIG. 実施例１のアンテナ特性の解析値を示す。4 shows analytical values of antenna characteristics of Example 1. FIG. 実施例１のアンテナの放射パターンを示す。4 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna of Example 1. FIG. 円偏波アンテナの実施例２、外観図を示す。Example 2 of a circularly polarized antenna, the external view is shown. 実施例２のアンテナの分解図を示し、（ａ）は放射素子層の配置図、（ｂ）は励振素子層の配置図、（ｃ）は金属層の外形を示す。2 shows an exploded view of the antenna of Example 2, where (a) is a layout diagram of a radiation element layer, (b) is a layout diagram of an excitation element layer, and (c) is an outline of a metal layer. 実施例２のアンテナ特性の解析値を示す。4 shows analytical values of antenna characteristics of Example 2. FIG. 実施例２のアンテナの放射パターンを示す。4 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna of Example 2. FIG. 円偏波アンテナの実施例３，外観図を示す。Example 3 of the circularly polarized antenna, the external view is shown. 実施例３のアンテナの分解図を示し、（ａ）は放射素子層の配置図、（ｂ）は励振素子の配置図、（ｃ）は金属層の外形を示す。3 shows an exploded view of the antenna of Example 3, where (a) is a layout diagram of a radiating element layer, (b) is a layout diagram of an excitation element, and (c) is an outline of a metal layer. 実施例３のアンテナ特性の解析値を示す。4 shows analytical values of antenna characteristics of Example 3. FIG. 実施例３のアンテナの放射パターンを示す。3 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna of Example 3. FIG. 実施例４のアンテナ構造例を示す。4 shows an example of the antenna structure of Example 4. FIG. 実施例５のアンンテナ構造例を示す。12 shows an example of the antenna structure of Example 5. FIG. 比較例のアンテナ、外観図を示す。The antenna of a comparative example and an external view are shown. 比較例のアンテナの分解図を示し、（ａ）はパッチタイプの放射素子を示し、（ｂ）は金属層の外形を示す。The exploded view of the antenna of a comparative example is shown, (a) shows a patch type radiating element, (b) shows the outline of a metal layer. 比較例のアンテナの断面図を示す。FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna of a comparative example; 比較例のアンテナ特性の解析値を示す。Analytical values of antenna characteristics of a comparative example are shown. 比較例のアンテナの放射パターンを示す。4 shows a radiation pattern of an antenna of a comparative example;

本発明に係る円偏波アンテナの構成例を図に基づいて説明するが、本実施例に限定されない。 A configuration example of the circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to this example.

図１～３に実施例１として３枚の放射素子層と２つの励振素子から２点給電タイプの円偏波アンテナ１００の構成例を示す。
図１に円偏波アンテナ１００の外観図を示す。
アンテナの構成の説明上、放射素子層の配置方向をＸＹ平面で表現し、Ｘ軸方向とこれに直交する方向をＹ軸方向と表示する。
図２（ｃ）に示すようにＬＸ，ＬＹ：８１．２ｍｍの銅板からなるＬ型の金属層２０の上に同じ外形形状の第１誘電体層３１を重ね、その上に図２（ｂ）に示すようにＸ軸方向に配置した第１励振素子４１，Ｙ軸方向に配置した第２励振素子４２を有し、その上に第２誘電体層３２を重ねる。
さらにその上に図２（ａ）に示すようにＷＸ，ＷＹ：３６．６ｍｍの正方形の放射素子層を３枚配置した積層構造になっている。
そのＸ軸方向断面図を図３に示す。 1 to 3 show a configuration example of a circularly polarized wave antenna 100 of a two-point feeding type using three radiation element layers and two excitation elements as a first embodiment.
FIG. 1 shows an external view of a circularly polarized antenna 100. As shown in FIG.
In order to explain the configuration of the antenna, the arrangement direction of the radiating element layer is expressed on the XY plane, and the X-axis direction and the direction orthogonal thereto are indicated as the Y-axis direction.
As shown in FIG. 2(c), a first dielectric layer 31 having the same external shape is superimposed on an L-shaped metal layer 20 made of a copper plate with L X and L Y of 81.2 mm, and then a first dielectric layer 31 is placed thereon. As shown in b), it has a first drive element 41 arranged in the X-axis direction and a second drive element 42 arranged in the Y-axis direction, and the second dielectric layer 32 is laid thereon.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2(a), three square radiation element layers with W X and W Y of 36.6 mm are arranged thereon to form a laminated structure.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view thereof in the X-axis direction.

第１励振素子４１及び第２励振素子４２は、パターニング等により幅ｄ１：１．０ｍｍ，長さＬ１：２９．０ｍｍの線状に形成され、給電点Ｆ１，Ｆ２は図３に示すようにスルーホール等により外部と電気接続されている。
放射素子層は厚さ０．０１８ｍｍの銅箔で形成され、それぞれＷＸ，ＷＹ：３６．６ｍｍの正方形の第１放射素子層１１とスリットＳ１：８ｍｍを介してＸ軸方向に配置した第２放射素子層１２及びスリットＳ２：８ｍｍを介して、Ｙ軸方向に配置した第３放射素子層１３をＬ型に配置した例になっている。
第１励振素子４１は、第１放射素子層１１と第２放射素子層１２とに跨がって、かつ、第１，第２放射素子層１１，１２の中央部に沿ってＸ軸方向に配置してある。
第２励振素子４２は同様にして第１放射素子層１１と第３放射素子層１３とにわたって、Ｙ軸方向に配置してある。
第１励振素子４１及び第２励振素子４２とは３枚の放射素子層１１，１２，１３に対して非接触型の励振アンテナとして作用し、図２（ｂ）で説明すると第１励振素子４１の左端部に設けた給電点Ｆ１に対して第２励振素子４２の下端部に給電点Ｆ２を有している。
実施例１では、第１誘電体層３１及び第２誘電体層３２として厚みｔ１，ｔ２：０．９６ｍｍのＮＰＣ－Ｆ２６０Ａ（日本ピラー工業株式会社）多層板を用いた。
したがって、アンテナ全体の厚みＴは約１．９２ｍｍとなる。
ここで、第１放射素子層１１を共有し、この第１放射素子層１１と第２放射素子層１２にてＸ軸方向約１／２波長、第１放射素子層１１と第３放射素子層１３にてＹ軸方向約１／２波長になるように設定し、第１励振素子４１と第２励振素子４２とを９０°位相差配置したことにより、従来の２つの直線偏波を用いた円偏波アンテナよりも小型になる。 The first excitation element 41 and the second excitation element 42 are formed linearly with a width d 1 of 1.0 mm and a length L 1 of 29.0 mm by patterning or the like, and feeding points F 1 and F 2 are shown in FIG. As shown, it is electrically connected to the outside through through holes or the like.
The radiation element layer is formed of copper foil with a thickness of 0.018 mm, and is arranged in the X-axis direction via a square first radiation element layer 11 with W X and W Y of 36.6 mm and a slit S 1 of 8 mm. This is an example in which the third radiation element layer 13 arranged in the Y-axis direction is arranged in an L shape through the second radiation element layer 12 and the slit S 2 : 8 mm.
The first excitation element 41 straddles the first radiation element layer 11 and the second radiation element layer 12 and extends along the central portions of the first and second radiation element layers 11 and 12 in the X-axis direction. placed.
The second excitation element 42 is similarly arranged in the Y-axis direction across the first radiation element layer 11 and the third radiation element layer 13 .
The first excitation element 41 and the second excitation element 42 act as a non-contact excitation antenna for the three radiating element layers 11, 12, and 13, and the first excitation element 41 will be described with reference to FIG. A feeding point F2 is provided at the lower end of the second exciting element 42 with respect to the feeding point F1 provided at the left end of the second excitation element 42 .
In Example 1, as the first dielectric layer 31 and the second dielectric layer 32, an NPC-F260A (Nippon Pillar Industry Co., Ltd.) multi-layer board having thicknesses t 1 and t 2 of 0.96 mm was used.
Therefore, the thickness T of the entire antenna is approximately 1.92 mm.
Here, the first radiation element layer 11 is shared, and the first radiation element layer 11 and the second radiation element layer 12 emit approximately half the wavelength in the X-axis direction, the first radiation element layer 11 and the third radiation element layer 12 . 13 is set to be about half the wavelength in the Y-axis direction, and the first excitation element 41 and the second excitation element 42 are arranged with a 90° phase difference, so that conventional two linearly polarized waves are used. Smaller than a circularly polarized antenna.

実施例１の円偏波のアンテナ特性の解析値を図４に示し、放射パターンを図５に示す。
図４及び図５にてｆｒｅｅ（ｉｎ ｆｒｅｅ ｓｐａｃｅ）は自由空間での解析値を示し、ｏｎ（ｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌ）は導体上での解析値を示す。
２．４ＧＨＺ帯域において、ＶＳＷＲ３以下の帯域幅，ｆｒｅｅ：２．４０～２．５２ＧＨＺ，ｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌ：２．４１～２．５２ＧＨＺであり、軸比特性３以下の帯域幅ｆｒｅｅ：２．２７～２．５３ＧＨＺ，ｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌ：２．０～２．５２ＧＨＺ，２．５７～３．０ＧＨＺであった。
また、放射パターンを図５に示す。
図５で、ＬＨＣＰは左旋円偏波，ＲＨＣＰは右旋偏波を示し、広帯域で利得の高い円偏波が得られている。 FIG. 4 shows analytical values of the antenna characteristics of the circularly polarized wave of Example 1, and FIG. 5 shows the radiation pattern.
In FIGS. 4 and 5, free (in free space) indicates an analytical value in free space, and on (on metal) indicates an analytical value on a conductor.
In the 2.4 GH Z band, the bandwidth is VSWR 3 or less, free: 2.40 to 2.52 GH Z , on metal: 2.41 to 2.52 GH Z , and the bandwidth free: 3 or less in the axial ratio characteristic. 27 to 2.53 GH Z , on metal: 2.0 to 2.52 GH Z , 2.57 to 3.0 GH Z.
Also, the radiation pattern is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 5, LHCP indicates left-handed circularly polarized waves and RHCP indicates right-handed circularly polarized waves, and circularly polarized waves with a wide band and high gain are obtained.

比較のために図１６，図１７に示したパッチアンテナにて評価した。
ＬＸ，ＬＹ：７３ｍｍの正方形の金属層２０の上に同外形の誘電体層３０を重ね、その上にＬ１：３６．５ｍｍ，カット寸法Ｖ：３．７ｍｍにて対向する角部を切り欠いたパッチ型の放射素子層１１１を設け、給電点Ｆは図１７（ａ）に示すように下辺部からａ：１１．５８ｍｍの位置に図１８に示すようにスルーホールにて外部と電気接続した。
アンテナの厚みＴ：２ｍｍとした。
この比較例パッチアンテナのアンテナ特性を図１９に放射パターンを図２０に示す。
ＶＳＷＲ３以下の帯域幅２．４～２．５ＧＨＺ，軸比特性３以下の帯域幅２．４４～２．４５軸比特性と非常に狭く、実用的でない。
これに対して、実施例１の円偏波アンテナは広帯域であり、小型のアンテナが実現している。 For comparison, the patch antennas shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 were evaluated.
A dielectric layer 30 having the same outer shape is placed on a metal layer 20 having a square shape of LX and LY of 73 mm. A notched patch-type radiating element layer 111 is provided, and the feeding point F is located at a distance of 11.58 mm from the lower side as shown in FIG. connected.
Antenna thickness T: 2 mm.
FIG. 19 shows the antenna characteristics of this comparative patch antenna, and FIG. 20 shows its radiation pattern.
A bandwidth of 2.4 to 2.5 GH Z with a VSWR of 3 or less and an axial ratio of 2.44 to 2.45 with an axial ratio characteristic of 3 or less are extremely narrow and impractical.
On the other hand, the circularly polarized antenna of Example 1 has a wide band and a small antenna is realized.

図６に実施例２として４枚の放射素子層と、２つの励振素子からなる２点給電構造の例を示す。
ＬＸ，ＬＹ：７５．９ｍｍ，第１放射素子層１１に対してＸ軸方向２列，Ｙ軸方向２列の第２放射素子層１２，第３放射素子層１３，第４放射素子層１４を配置した。
スリット部Ｓ１，Ｓ２：２．５ｍｍ。
第１励振素子４１，第２励振素子４２はｄ１：１．０ｍｍ，Ｌ１：２９．０ｍｍに設定し、アンテナの厚みＴ：１．９２ｍｍに設定した。
実施例２のアンテナ特性を図８に、放射パターンを図９に示す。
ＶＳＷＲ，軸比特性ともに広帯域になっている。
ＶＳＷＲ３以下の帯域幅ｆｒｅｅ：２．３４～２．４９ＧＨＺ，ｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌ：２．３５～２．４９ＧＨＺであり、特に軸比特性３以下の帯域幅がｆｒｅｅ，ｏｎ ｍｅｔａｌともに２．０～３．０ＧＨＺと広くなっている。 FIG. 6 shows an example of a two-point feeding structure composed of four radiating element layers and two excitation elements as a second embodiment.
L X , L Y : 75.9 mm, second radiation element layer 12, third radiation element layer 13, and fourth radiation element layer arranged in two rows in the X-axis direction and two rows in the Y-axis direction with respect to the first radiation element layer 11 14 were placed.
Slit portions S 1 , S 2 : 2.5 mm.
The first excitation element 41 and the second excitation element 42 are set to d 1 : 1.0 mm, L 1 : 29.0 mm, and the thickness T of the antenna is set to 1.92 mm.
FIG. 8 shows the antenna characteristics of Example 2, and FIG. 9 shows the radiation pattern.
Both VSWR and axial ratio characteristics are wideband.
VSWR 3 or less bandwidth free: 2.34 to 2.49 GH Z , on metal: 2.35 to 2.49 GH Z , especially the bandwidth of axial ratio characteristic 3 or less is 2.0 to 3 for both free and on metal .0GHZ is wide.

実施例３のアンテナを図１０、図１１に示す。
本実施例３は４つの励振素子、第１～第４励振素子４３，４２，４３，４４を旋回配置した例である。
なお、ＬＸ，ＬＹ：６９．１２ｍｍ，Ｓ１，Ｓ２：０．５ｍｍとした。
また、図１１（ｂ）にて寸法ＬＸ１は、ＷＸの１／２である。
実施例２では、図７（ｂ）に示すように、Ｘ軸方向の第１励振素子４１とＹ軸方向の第２励振素子４２による２点給電構造であったのに対して、実施例３は図１１（ｂ）に示すように、左側端部に給電点Ｆ１を有するＸ軸方向の第１励振素子４１に対して、下側端部に給電点Ｆ２を有する第２励振素子４２の他に、第３放射素子層１３と第４放射素子層１４とに跨がり、Ｙ軸方向中央部に沿ってＸ軸方向に配置し、右側端部に給電点Ｆ３を有する第３励振素子４３と、さらに第４放射素子層１４から第２放射素子層１２の中央部に沿って跨がり、上側端部に給電点Ｆ４を有する第４励振素子４４を全体として旋回するように配置したものである。
このようにすると、図１２にアンテナ特性の解析値、放射パターンを図１３に示すように、高利得の広帯域円偏波アンテナが得られる。 The antenna of Example 3 is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG.
The third embodiment is an example in which four excitation elements, first to fourth excitation elements 43, 42, 43, and 44, are arranged in a circular fashion.
In addition, LX , LY : 69.12 mm, S1 , S2 : 0.5 mm.
Also, in FIG. 11(b), the dimension L X1 is 1/2 of W X .
In Example 2, as shown in FIG. 7(b), a two-point feeding structure was adopted, which is composed of the first excitation element 41 in the X-axis direction and the second excitation element 42 in the Y-axis direction. As shown in FIG. 11(b), the first excitation element 41 in the X-axis direction has the feeding point F1 at the left end, and the second excitation element 42 having the feeding point F2 at the lower end. In addition, a third excitation device straddles the third radiation element layer 13 and the fourth radiation element layer 14, is arranged in the X-axis direction along the center in the Y-axis direction, and has a feeding point F3 at the right end. An element 43 and a fourth exciting element 44 extending from the fourth radiating element layer 14 along the central portion of the second radiating element layer 12 and having a feed point F4 at the upper end are arranged to rotate as a whole. It is what I did.
In this way, a high-gain wideband circularly polarized antenna can be obtained as shown in FIG. 12 for the analytical values of the antenna characteristics and in FIG. 13 for the radiation pattern.

実施例４のアンテナ構造例を図１４に示す。
本実施例は、図１，２に示した実施例１における非接触励振素子をダイポール素子型の励振素子とした例である。
この場合には、実施例１における第１励振素子４１を第１素子４１ａと第２素子４１ｂとの一対からなるダイポール素子であり、一対の給電点Ｆ１，Ｆ１をスルーホール等にて外部と電気接続させてある。
第２励振素子４２も第１素子４２ａと第２素子４２ｂとの一対のダイポール素子にし、一対の給電点Ｆ２，Ｆ２を有する。 An example of the antenna structure of Example 4 is shown in FIG.
This embodiment is an example in which the non-contact excitation element in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a dipole element type excitation element.
In this case, the first excitation element 41 in the first embodiment is a dipole element consisting of a pair of the first element 41a and the second element 41b, and the pair of feeding points F 1 and F 1 are connected to the outside through a through hole or the like. is electrically connected to
The second excitation element 42 is also a pair of dipole elements consisting of a first element 42a and a second element 42b, and has a pair of feeding points F2 and F2 .

実施例５のアンテナ構成例を図１５に示す。
実施例１が金属層２０と放射素子層との間に非接触励振素子を配置したのに対して、本実施例は放射素子層の上に誘電体層を介して、非接触励振素子を配置した例であり、このように非接触励振素子は放射素子層の上側に配置しても円偏波アンテナとして作用する。
また、図１５に示した非接触励振素子の例は、実施例５と同様にダイポール素子とした例になっている。 FIG. 15 shows an example of the antenna configuration of Example 5. In FIG.
While the non-contact excitation element is arranged between the metal layer 20 and the radiation element layer in the first embodiment, the non-contact excitation element is arranged on the radiation element layer via the dielectric layer in this embodiment. In this example, the non-contact excitation element functions as a circularly polarized antenna even if it is arranged above the radiation element layer.
Also, the example of the non-contact excitation element shown in FIG. 15 is an example of a dipole element as in the fifth embodiment.

１１ 第１放射素子層
１２ 第２放射素子層
１３ 第３放射素子層
２０ 金属層
３１ 第１誘電体層
３２ 第２誘電体層
４１ 第１励振素子
４２ 第２励振素子
１００ 円偏波アンテナ
Ｆ１ 給電点
Ｆ２ 給電点 11 First radiation element layer 12 Second radiation element layer 13 Third radiation element layer 20 Metal layer 31 First dielectric layer 32 Second dielectric layer 41 First excitation element 42 Second excitation element 100 Circularly polarized antenna F 1 Feeding point F 2 feeding points

Claims (5)

金属層と、前記金属層に対向配置した複数の放射素子層と、前記金属層と前記複数の放射素子層の間又は前記複数の放射素子層の上に誘電体層を介して配置した複数の非接触励振素子とを有し、
前記複数の非接触励振素子は相互にπ／２の位相差を有していることを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。 a metal layer, a plurality of radiating element layers facing the metal layer, and a plurality of radiating element layers disposed between the metal layer and the plurality of radiating element layers or on the plurality of radiating element layers with dielectric layers interposed therebetween. and a non-contact excitation element,
A circularly polarized wave antenna, wherein the plurality of non-contact excitation elements have a phase difference of π/2 with each other. 前記複数の放射素子層は第１放射素子層と、前記第１放射素子層に対してＸ軸方向に配置した第２放射素子層と、前記第１放射素子層に対してＹ軸方向に配置した第３放射素子層とからなり、
前記複数の非接触励振素子は、前記Ｘ軸方向に配置した第１励振素子と前記Ｙ軸方向に配置した第２励振素子とからなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の円偏波アンテナ。 The plurality of radiation element layers includes a first radiation element layer, a second radiation element layer arranged in an X-axis direction with respect to the first radiation element layer, and a Y-axis direction with respect to the first radiation element layer. and a third radiating element layer,
2. The circularly polarized wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of non-contact excitation elements comprise first excitation elements arranged in said X-axis direction and second excitation elements arranged in said Y-axis direction. 前記複数の放射素子層は第１，第２，第３及び第４放射素子層の４つの放射素子層をＸ軸方向２列、Ｙ軸方向２列に配置してあり、
前記複数の非接触励振素子はＸ軸方向に配置した第１励振素子とＹ軸方向に配置した第２励振素子からなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の円偏波アンテナ。 the plurality of radiation element layers are composed of four radiation element layers of first, second, third and fourth radiation element layers arranged in two rows in the X-axis direction and two rows in the Y-axis direction;
2. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of non-contact excitation elements comprise first excitation elements arranged in the X-axis direction and second excitation elements arranged in the Y-axis direction. 前記複数の非接触励振素子は第１，第２，第３及び第４励振素子の４つが順次、π／２位相差を有しながら、第１励振素子は前記第１及び第２放射素子層に跨がり、
第２励振素子は前記第１及び第３放射素子層に跨がり、
第３励振素子は前記第３及び第４放射素子層に跨がり、
第４励振素子は前記第４及び第２放射素子層に跨がって配設されていることを特徴とする請求項３記載の円偏波アンテナ。 Four of the plurality of non-contact excitation elements, that is, first, second, third and fourth excitation elements, sequentially have a π/2 phase difference, and the first excitation element is the first and second radiation element layers. straddling the
a second excitation element straddling the first and third radiation element layers;
a third excitation element straddling the third and fourth radiation element layers;
4. The circularly polarized wave antenna according to claim 3, wherein the fourth excitation element is arranged across the fourth and second radiation element layers. 請求項１～４のいずれかの円偏波アンテナを用いた通信装置。 A communication device using the circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
JP2021149676A 2021-09-14 2021-09-14 Circularly polarized antenna and communication device Pending JP2023042399A (en)

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