JP2022143994A - 二酸化炭素電解装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素電解装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022143994A JP2022143994A JP2021044819A JP2021044819A JP2022143994A JP 2022143994 A JP2022143994 A JP 2022143994A JP 2021044819 A JP2021044819 A JP 2021044819A JP 2021044819 A JP2021044819 A JP 2021044819A JP 2022143994 A JP2022143994 A JP 2022143994A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- ions
- cathode
- anode
- average pore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
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Abstract
Description
2H2O → 4H++O2+4e- ・・・(1)
CO2+2H++2e- → CO+H2O ・・・(2)
2H++2e- → H2 ・・・(3)
2CO2+2H2O+4e- → 2CO+4OH- ・・・(4)
2H2O+2e- → H2+2OH- ・・・(5)
4OH- → 2H2O+O2+4e- ・・・(6)
以下の手順に従い、図1に示す二酸化炭素電解装置を作製した。
実施例1と同じ隔膜を用い、孔径が粗大な多孔面(ベルトサイド)をカソードに、緻密な多孔面(エアーサイド)をアノードに接するように配置し、その他は実施例1と同様にセルを組み、実施例1と同様の手順で評価した。この場合、電解開始後にCO生成ファラデー効率95%、H2生成ファラデー効率約5%を示した。しかし、50時間運転後にはファラデー効率の合計が減少して約92%となっていた。これはガスのクロスオーバーによる由来する現象であり、カソード側で生成したCOやH2がアノード側に移動していることによると考えられる。これらの結果より、孔径の不均一膜を所定の向きで配置することにより、ガスの遮断性と二酸化炭素の還元選択性を両立したセルを実現できることがわかる。
Claims (15)
- 水または水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素を生成するためのアノードと、
アノード溶液を前記アノードに供給するためのアノード溶液流路と、
二酸化炭素を還元して炭素化合物を生成するためのカソードと、
二酸化炭素を含むガスを前記カソードに供給するためのガス流路と、
前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に設けられた多孔質膜を含む隔膜と、
を具備し、
前記多孔質膜は、
前記アノード側に設けられ、第1の平均孔径を有する第1の多孔面と、
前記カソード側に設けられ、第2の平均孔径を有する第2の多孔面と、
を含み、
前記第1の平均孔径が前記第2の平均孔径よりも大きい、二酸化炭素電解装置。 - 前記カソードは、前記第2の多孔面に接して設けられる、請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- カソード溶液を前記カソードに供給するためのカソード溶液流路をさらに具備する、請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記カソードは、前記ガス流路に面する第1の表面と、前記カソード溶液流路に面する第2の表面と、を有し、
前記カソード溶液流路は、前記カソード溶液が前記第2の多孔面および前記カソードと接するように、前記隔膜と前記カソードとの間に設けられる、請求項3に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。 - 前記カソード溶液は、リン酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、リチウムイオン、セシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、塩化物イオン、炭酸水素イオン、および炭酸イオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのイオンを含む、請求項3または請求項4に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記アノード溶液は、リン酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、リチウムイオン、セシウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、塩化物イオン、炭酸水素イオン、および炭酸イオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つのイオンを含む、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記第1の平均孔径は、前記第2の平均孔径の1.02倍以上である、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記第1の平均孔径は、1nm以上50μm以下である、請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記第2の平均孔径は、1nm以上500nm以下である、請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記隔膜の厚さは、5μm以上500μm以下である、請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記多孔質膜は、金属酸化物、金属水酸化物、金属硝酸塩、金属硫酸塩、セラミック、ガラス、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、酢酸セルロース、ニトロセルロース、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエステル、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ポリアリレート、アクリル、ナイロン、ポリオレフィン、ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、およびポリスチレンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの材料を含む、請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記ガス流路は、前記アノード溶液流路に対して陽圧に制御され、
前記ガス流路と前記アノード溶液流路との間の圧力差は、5kPa以上800kPa以下である、請求項1ないし請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。 - 前記カソードは、電極基材と、炭素材料に担持された金属触媒と、イオン伝導性物質と、を有する、請求項1ないし請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
- 前記金属触媒は、金、銀、銅、白金、パラジウム、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、マンガン、チタン、カドニウム、亜鉛、インジウム、ガリウム、鉛、および錫からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一つの金属または金属酸化物を含み、
前記金属触媒は、ナノ粒子、ナノ構造体、ナノワイヤからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの構造を有する、請求項13に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。 - 前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に電流を供給する電源をさらに具備する、請求項1ないし請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の二酸化炭素電解装置。
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