JP2022115495A - Electric vehicle mounted with battery pack - Google Patents

Electric vehicle mounted with battery pack Download PDF

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JP2022115495A
JP2022115495A JP2021012112A JP2021012112A JP2022115495A JP 2022115495 A JP2022115495 A JP 2022115495A JP 2021012112 A JP2021012112 A JP 2021012112A JP 2021012112 A JP2021012112 A JP 2021012112A JP 2022115495 A JP2022115495 A JP 2022115495A
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battery
battery pack
vehicle
electric vehicle
opening
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寛 松岡
Hiroshi Matsuoka
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ACR Co Ltd
Yamato Transport Co Ltd
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Yamato Transport Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide an electric vehicle which is mounted with a battery pack, stores a plurality of battery packs in a battery chamber under an indoor floor surface and leaves a margin in a time zone for charging of the battery pack.SOLUTION: There is provided an electric vehicle 1 for which a small-sized vehicle such as a one-box car is used and in which a battery chamber 7 is formed under an indoor floor surface 6 thereof. The maximum voltage of one battery pack 5 is configured to be equal to or less than low voltage 50 V, and the plurality of battery packs 5 are mounted on the battery chamber 7. The battery packs 5 are detachably connected to a vehicle 2 in series or in parallel, the battery chamber 7 is formed between the indoor floor surface and a battery chamber floor surface 8 formed under the indoor floor surface 6 of the vehicle 2, and a take-in/out port 12 of the battery chamber 7 is formed in a front passenger seat 20 adjacent to a driver seat 9.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

この発明は，例えば，ワンボックスカー等の小型配送車に電池を搭載して該電池で電動機を駆動して走行する電池パックが搭載される電気自動車に関する。 The present invention relates to an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack that runs by mounting a battery in a small delivery vehicle such as a one-box car and driving an electric motor with the battery.

従来，電池パックを搭載した電気自動車は知られている。該電気自動車は，電池パック内の液を抜くための穿孔作業及び排水作業を効率よく行える機構を備えたものである。該電気自動車は，車体と電気自動車とを備えており，車体はジャッキアップするための指定位置を示す印が下部に付されている。電池パックは，車体の下部に搭載され，指定位置をジャッキアップしたことによって傾斜した車体の中で当該指定位置よりも相対的に低くなる位置の少なくとも底板に，電池パックの内部に連通する排液孔を開ける位置を示すためのマークが印されている（例えば，特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack is known. The electric vehicle is equipped with a mechanism for efficiently performing a drilling operation and a drainage operation for draining liquid from the battery pack. The electric vehicle includes a vehicle body and an electric vehicle, and the vehicle body has a mark indicating a designated position for jacking up on the lower portion thereof. The battery pack is mounted on the lower part of the vehicle body, and the drainage that communicates with the inside of the battery pack is provided at least on the bottom plate at a position relatively lower than the specified position in the vehicle body that is tilted by jacking up the specified position. A mark is provided to indicate the position of the hole (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

また，車載用蓄電装置として，メンテナンス性を向上させつつ，ユーザが不用意にヒューズに触れてしまわないよう安全性をより高めることができるものが知られている。該車載用蓄電装置は，電力を出力可能な二次電池を有しており，車両に搭載される電池パックは，二次電池を収容するケースと，二次電池を含む電気回路に組み込まれると共にケースから外部に露出するように位置決めされるヒューズと，ケースに着脱自在に取り付けられてヒューズを覆うカバー本体と，当該カバー本体の外面に貼着される飛散抑制フィルムとを含むヒューズカバーとを備えている（例えば，特許文献２参照）。 In addition, as an on-vehicle power storage device, there is known one that can improve maintainability and further enhance safety so that the user does not carelessly touch the fuse. The on-vehicle power storage device has a secondary battery capable of outputting electric power, and the battery pack mounted on the vehicle includes a case containing the secondary battery and an electric circuit including the secondary battery. Equipped with a fuse positioned so as to be exposed from the case, a cover body detachably attached to the case to cover the fuse, and a fuse cover containing anti-scattering film adhered to the outer surface of the cover body. (See Patent Document 2, for example).

また，電池パックと電池モジュールとの電池組立体として，電圧監視ユニットと電池セルを有する端子とを導通させる電気配線の配置を短距離で実現することが可能なものが知られている。該電池組立体は，Ｘ軸方向に積載された複数の電池セルと，Ｘ軸方向両端の電池セルに隣接して配置され，複数の電池セルを挟持する一対のエンドプレートと，Ｘ軸方向に延在し，一対のエンドプレートを拘束する拘束部材と，電池セルを有するセル端子の内少なくとも一方の所定端子の配置位置に対して拘束部材を挟んで交差する位置に配置され，電池セルの電圧を監視する電圧監視ユニットと，該電圧監視ユニットと上記の所定端子とを導通させる電気配線とを備えている。電気配線の一部は，拘束部材の表面に拘束部材に対して交差するように配置されている（例えば，特許文献３参照）。 In addition, as a battery assembly of a battery pack and a battery module, there is known a battery assembly capable of realizing short-distance arrangement of electrical wiring for connecting a voltage monitoring unit and a terminal having a battery cell. The battery assembly includes a plurality of battery cells stacked in the X-axis direction, a pair of end plates arranged adjacent to the battery cells at both ends in the X-axis direction and sandwiching the plurality of battery cells, and A constraining member that constrains a pair of end plates and is arranged at a position that intersects the arrangement position of at least one predetermined terminal of cell terminals having battery cells with the constraining member interposed therebetween, and the voltage of the battery cell and electrical wiring for connecting the voltage monitoring unit and the predetermined terminal. A portion of the electric wiring is arranged on the surface of the restraining member so as to intersect the restraining member (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

特開２０１３－１９９１８５号公報JP 2013-199185 A 特開２００９－１５８２１９号公報JP 2009-158219 A 特開２０１８－７３６１７号公報JP 2018-73617 A

ところで，小口配送トラックとして，電池をケースに収納した電池パックを搭載した電気自動車が使用されているが，該電気自動車は，脱着式４８Ｖ電池パックを用いている。小口配送トラックとして電気自動車を用いると，小口の荷物を各家庭等に配送して夜に帰社した電気自動車は，ほぼ同時期に一斉に電池パックの電池の充電を開始する。そのため，小口配送の拠点の電力は，一時的に極めて大きな電力を必要とする。そのため，各配送拠点では，電池充電のための設備投資が負担になっている。即ち，設備投資として，低圧受電契約（最大５０Ｋｗ未満）では電力不足になり，高圧受電契約が必要になる。高圧受電契約は，６６００Ｖからキュービクルを敷地内に設ける必要があり，会社では設備投資に大きな費用がかかることになり，設備費用の負担が大きくなる。また，高圧受電契約では，電気料金は一時的にピークの電力が増大すると，契約条件が変わって，高額なものになる。また，電池の取り扱いに関しては，５０Ｖ以下は，安全上特別な教育が不要であり，一般のドライバー（配送運転手）が容易に電池パックの脱着作業ができることになる。そこで，電気自動車について，車両に低電圧の４８Ｖの電池を直列又は並列に配置し，電池パックの脱着が誰にでも作業でき，総電圧が高圧に構成することが可能で，モータとインバータも高効率で運転できるようにするには如何に構成するかの課題がある。 By the way, an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack containing a battery in a case is used as a small-lot delivery truck, and the electric vehicle uses a detachable 48V battery pack. When electric vehicles are used as small-lot delivery trucks, the electric vehicles that have delivered small-lot parcels to homes and returned to work in the evening start charging the batteries in their battery packs almost simultaneously. As a result, the power supply at the base for small-lot deliveries temporarily requires an extremely large amount of power. As a result, each delivery base is burdened with capital investment for battery charging. That is, as equipment investment, a low-voltage power receiving contract (maximum of less than 50 Kw) will result in a power shortage, and a high-voltage power receiving contract will be necessary. A high-voltage contract requires a cubicle to be installed on the premises from 6600V, which means that the company will have to make a large investment in equipment, increasing the burden of equipment costs. In addition, with high-voltage power receiving contracts, if peak power temporarily increases, the contract conditions change and the electricity bill becomes expensive. In addition, regarding the handling of batteries, 50V or less does not require special training in terms of safety, and ordinary drivers (delivery drivers) can easily attach and detach battery packs. Therefore, for electric vehicles, low-voltage 48V batteries are arranged in series or parallel in the vehicle, so that anyone can install and remove the battery pack, and the total voltage can be high. There is a problem of how to configure it so that it can be operated efficiently.

この発明の目的は，上記の問題を解決することであり，例えば，小口配送トラック等に使用される小形者の電気自動車に対して複数の電池パックを搭載しておき，電池パックについて，電力を余り必要としない，例えば，夜間等に電池の充電を行うようにして各配送拠点での電池充電のための設備投資等の負担を低減させることであり，また，小形配送車等の電気自動車に多数の電池パックを如何に搭載するかを解決するものであり，運転席の隣の助手席を通常，人が使用しないことに着眼し，そこに電池パックを収容する出し入れ口を設けて，電池パックの収容する電池室を室内床面と車体のはしご型フレームとの間に形成し，電池室に多数の電池パックを収容することを特徴とする低電圧の電池パックが搭載される電気自動車を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems. It is possible to reduce the burden of equipment investment, etc. for battery charging at each delivery base by charging batteries that are not required much, for example at night, etc. Also, electric vehicles such as small delivery vehicles This is a solution to how many battery packs can be mounted. An electric vehicle equipped with low-voltage battery packs, characterized in that a battery chamber containing the packs is formed between the interior floor and a ladder-shaped frame of the vehicle body, and a large number of battery packs are accommodated in the battery chamber. to provide.

この発明は，ワンボックスカー等の小形車に搭載した電池を用いて電動機を駆動して走行する電池パックが搭載される電気自動車において，
１個の前記電池パックの最大電圧が５０Ｖ以下の低電圧に構成され，複数の前記電池パックが車両にそれぞれ搭載され，それぞれの前記電池パックは前記車両に互いに脱着自在に直列又は並列に接続され，前記電池パックは前記車両の室内床面と該室内床面の下に形成された電池室床面とで形成される電池室にそれぞれ収容され，前記電池室の出し入れ口は運転席の隣に形成されていることを特徴とする電池パックが搭載される電気自動車に関する。 This invention provides an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack that runs by driving an electric motor using a battery installed in a small vehicle such as a one-box car.
The maximum voltage of one battery pack is set to a low voltage of 50 V or less, a plurality of the battery packs are mounted on a vehicle, and the respective battery packs are detachably connected in series or parallel to the vehicle. , the battery packs are accommodated in battery chambers formed by the floor surface of the vehicle interior and the floor surface of the battery chamber formed under the floor surface of the interior, and the battery chamber opening is located next to the driver's seat. The present invention relates to an electric vehicle mounted with a battery pack characterized by being formed.

また，この電気自動車において，前記電池パックには，外部から前記電池パックの内部回路を遮断するための安全プラグが設けられている。 Further, in this electric vehicle, the battery pack is provided with a safety plug for disconnecting the internal circuit of the battery pack from the outside.

また，前記電池パックのマイナス電極とプラス電極を備えたコネクタは，前記車両から前記電池パックを取り外した時に自動的に開閉蓋でカバーされる。 Also, the connector provided with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the battery pack is automatically covered with an opening/closing cover when the battery pack is removed from the vehicle.

また，前記電池室は，前記車両の車体を構成するはしご型フレームにおける一対のサイドフレームと該サイドフレーム間に配設された前記電池室床面とで形成され，前記電池パックは前記運転席の隣の助手席に形成され且つ開閉扉を備えた前記出し入れ口から個々に脱着されるこ。 Further, the battery chamber is formed by a pair of side frames of a ladder-shaped frame constituting the vehicle body and the battery chamber floor disposed between the side frames. They can be individually attached and detached from the opening provided in the adjacent passenger's seat and equipped with an opening and closing door.

また，前記電池室の前記出し入れ口に設けた前記開閉扉は，前記室内床面の一部を形成しており，前記開閉扉の開閉のために扉取手が設けられている。 Further, the opening/closing door provided at the entrance of the battery chamber forms part of the floor surface of the room, and a door handle is provided for opening/closing the opening/closing door.

この発明による電池パックが搭載される電気自動車は，上記のように，１個の電池パックの最大電圧を５０Ｖ以下の低電圧に構成し，電池室を車両の室内床面の下に形成するため，車両の車体のはしご型フレームの両側にサイドフレームを設け，サイドフレーム間に電池室床面を設け，室内床面と電池室床面との間に電池室を形成する。この電気自動車は，電池室に所定の数の電池パックを収容したので，電池パックを帰社して直ぐに電池の充電をする必要がなくなり，電池パックを充電するのは，夜間等の電力を必要としない時間帯に行うことができ，ランニングコストを低減できる。また，電池パックを電気自動車の車両内に収容するのに，車両床面の下に電池室を設け，運転席の隣の助手席は，配送車では通常使用していないので，その助手席の床面に電池室への電池パックの出し入れ口を設ける。また，電池室の出し入れ口に開閉扉を設けて電池室に物が落ちたりするのを防止し電池パックの損傷を防止して電池パックの安全性を確保することができる。この発明による電池パックが搭載される電気自動車は，電池パックの車体への脱着作業が助手席の室内床面の上側から行うので，極めてスムーズに容易に行うことができる。これに対して，例えば，車両の下側から電池パックの車体への脱着作業を行う場合には，車両ピット（車輪の間を潜り込んで下から整備作業）又は車体のリフトが必要になり，そのための投資が必要になり，設備投資の負担が大きくなる。 The electric vehicle in which the battery pack according to the present invention is mounted has a maximum voltage of 50 V or less for one battery pack as described above, and the battery compartment is formed under the floor of the interior of the vehicle. , side frames are provided on both sides of the ladder-shaped frame of the vehicle body, the battery compartment floor is provided between the side frames, and the battery compartment is formed between the interior floor and the battery compartment floor. Since this electric vehicle accommodates a predetermined number of battery packs in the battery compartment, it is no longer necessary to charge the battery packs immediately after returning to work. This can be done during off-peak hours, reducing running costs. In addition, in order to accommodate the battery pack in the vehicle of the electric vehicle, a battery room is provided under the vehicle floor, and the passenger seat next to the driver's seat is not normally used in the delivery vehicle. A slot for inserting and removing the battery pack from the battery compartment is provided on the floor. In addition, an open/close door is provided at the opening of the battery compartment to prevent objects from falling into the battery compartment, thereby preventing damage to the battery pack and ensuring the safety of the battery pack. In the electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack according to the present invention, the battery pack can be attached and detached to and from the vehicle body from the upper side of the floor surface of the passenger seat, so that it can be performed very smoothly and easily. On the other hand, for example, when the battery pack is attached to and removed from the vehicle body from the underside of the vehicle, a vehicle pit (behind the wheels and carry out maintenance work from below) or a vehicle lift is required. will be required, and the burden of capital investment will increase.

この発明による電池パックが搭載される電気自動車の実施例を示す側面図である。1 is a side view showing an embodiment of an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack according to the present invention; FIG. 図１の電池パックを搭載した電気自動車における電池室を示すための平面図である。FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a battery chamber in an electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack of FIG. 1; 図１の電気自動車において，運転席の隣の助手席の床面に出し入れ口を設け，電池パックを収容する電池室の出し入れ口に設けた開閉扉を開放し，電池室に電池パックを収容する状態を示す正面図である。In the electric vehicle shown in Figure 1, an opening is provided on the floor of the passenger seat next to the driver's seat. It is a front view which shows a state. 図１の電気自動車において，運転席の隣の助手席の床面に形成した出し入れ口に設けた開閉扉を開放し，電池室に電池パックを順次収容する状態を示す正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state in which a battery pack is successively accommodated in a battery chamber by opening an opening/closing door provided at a loading/unloading opening formed on the floor surface of a passenger seat adjacent to a driver's seat in the electric vehicle of FIG. 1 ; 図１の電気自動車において，電池パックに設けたマイナス電極とプラス電極とを有する雌型コネクタと，車両に設けたマイナス電極とプラス電極とを有する雄型コネクタとの接続状態を示し，（Ａ）は電池パックの雌型コネクタと車両の雄型コネクタとの接続前を示し，（Ｂ）は電池パックを配線で直列に接続した例を示し，電池パックの雌型コネクタと車両の雄型コネクタとの接続後を示す説明図である。In the electric vehicle of FIG. 1, (A) shows a connection state between a female connector having a negative electrode and a positive electrode provided on the battery pack and a male connector having a negative electrode and a positive electrode provided on the vehicle. (B) shows an example of connecting the battery pack in series with the female connector of the battery pack and the male connector of the vehicle. is an explanatory diagram showing the state after connection of the .

以下，図面を参照して，この発明による電池パックが搭載される電気自動車の実施例について説明する。
この発明による電気自動車１は，例えば，低電圧の脱着式４８Ｖの電池パック５（バッテリー）を用いており，特に，小口配送トラックに使用して好ましいものである。従来，小口配送トラックとしてＥＶ（電気自動車）トラックを用いると，ＥＶトラックが荷物の配達が終わって夜に帰社した時に，ＥＶトラックはほぼ同時期に一斉に充電を開始することになるので，会社の小口配送の拠点の電力が一時的に極めて大きな電力を使用することになるが，この発明による電気自動車は，車両２に多数の電池パック５を余分に搭載しているので，それらの電池パック５は電力の余り使用しない夜間等の時間帯に充填するという余裕ができる。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The electric vehicle 1 according to the present invention uses, for example, a low-voltage detachable 48V battery pack 5 (battery), and is particularly suitable for small-lot delivery trucks. Conventionally, when EV (electric vehicle) trucks are used as small-lot delivery trucks, when the EV trucks have finished delivering packages and return to work at night, the EV trucks will start charging all at once at about the same time. However, the electric vehicle according to the present invention is equipped with a large number of extra battery packs 5 in the vehicle 2, so these battery packs can be used. As for 5, there is a margin for charging during a time period such as night when power is not used much.

この発明による電気自動車１は，例えば，ワンボックスカー等の小形車であって，該小型車に搭載した電池を用いて電動機（図示せず）を駆動して走行する電池パック５を有している。図中，符号１４は電気自動車１を操作するハンドル，符号１５は電気自動車１を走行させるタイヤ，符号１６は電気自動車１のヘッドライト，及び符号１７は電気自動車１をフロントガラスを示している。この電気自動車１は，１個の電池パック５（リチウムイオン電池）が最大電圧が５０Ｖ以下の低電圧に構成されており，複数の電池パック５は，車両１の室内床面６と該室内床面６の下に形成された電池室床面８とで形成された電池室７にそれぞれ収容されている。それぞれの電池パック５は，車内床面６の下方に設けた電池室床面８に互いに脱着自在に直列又は並列に接続されている。この電気自動車１では，電池パック５が直列に接続されるか又は並列に接続されるかは，車両２側に設けられた配線２７によって決定されている。電池室７の電池パック５の出し入れ口１２は，運転席９の隣のシートが排除された助手席２０の室内床面６である助手席床面１０に形成されており，出し入れ口１２には開閉扉１１が取り付けられている。また，この実施例では開閉扉１１は，室内床面６の一部を形成している。 The electric vehicle 1 according to the present invention is, for example, a compact vehicle such as a one-box car, and has a battery pack 5 that runs by driving an electric motor (not shown) using a battery mounted in the compact vehicle. . In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a steering wheel for operating the electric vehicle 1, reference numeral 15 denotes tires for driving the electric vehicle 1, reference numeral 16 denotes a headlight of the electric vehicle 1, and reference numeral 17 denotes a windshield of the electric vehicle 1. FIG. In this electric vehicle 1, one battery pack 5 (lithium ion battery) is configured to have a maximum voltage of 50 V or less. They are accommodated in battery chambers 7 formed by a battery chamber floor surface 8 formed below the surface 6 . Each battery pack 5 is detachably connected in series or parallel to a battery chamber floor 8 provided below the vehicle interior floor 6 . In this electric vehicle 1, wiring 27 provided on the vehicle 2 side determines whether the battery packs 5 are connected in series or in parallel. A loading/unloading port 12 for the battery pack 5 in the battery chamber 7 is formed on the passenger seat floor surface 10, which is the interior floor surface 6 of the passenger seat 20 where the seat next to the driver's seat 9 is removed. An opening/closing door 11 is attached. Further, in this embodiment, the opening/closing door 11 forms a part of the floor surface 6 of the room.

また，この電池パック５を有する電気自動車１において，車両２の電池室７に電池パック５をセットするには，例えば，図５に示すように，車両２側に設けた雄型コネクタ２１に電池パック５側に設けた雌型コネクタ２２を接続することによって行われる。車両２側に設けた雄型コネクタ２１には，雌型のマイナス電極２３と雌型のプラス電極２４が設けられている。また，電池パック５側に設けた雌型コネクタ２２には，雄型のマイナス電極２５と雄型のプラス電極２６が設けられている。車両２側の配線２７については，雄型コネクタ２１のマイナス電極２３と隣接する雄型コネクタ２１のプラス電極２４とが接続されることによって，それぞれの電池パック５が互いに直列に接続される。また，図示していないが，車両２側の配線については，雄型コネクタ２１のマイナス電極２３と隣接する雄型コネクタ２１のマイナス電極２３とがそれぞれ接続され，且つ雄型コネクタ２１のプラス電極２４と隣接する雄型コネクタ２１のプラス電極２４とがそれぞれ接続されることによって，各電池パック５は並列に接続されることになる。この実施例では，図５の（Ｂ）には，電池パック５が車両２側に設けられた配線２７によって雄型コネクタ２１のマイナス電極２３と隣接する雄型コネクタ２１のプラス電極２４とが接続されており，直列に接続された例が示されている。また，電池パック５の雌型コネクタ２２におけるマイナス電極２５とプラス電極２６とは配線２８によって内部回路に接続されている。電池パック５には，外部から電池パック内部回路を遮断するための安全スイッチとなる安全プラグ（図示せず）が設けられている。また，この電気自動車１は，電池パック５の雌型のコネクタ２２に設けたマイナス電極２５とプラス電極２６とは，車両１から電池パック５を取り外す時に，雌型のコネクタ２２の入口に設けた開閉蓋２９で自動的にカバーされるように構成されている。開閉蓋２９は，該実施例では，観音開きに形成されており，ばね等で自動的に閉まるように構成されている。 In the electric vehicle 1 having this battery pack 5, in order to set the battery pack 5 in the battery chamber 7 of the vehicle 2, for example, as shown in FIG. This is done by connecting a female connector 22 provided on the pack 5 side. A male connector 21 provided on the vehicle 2 side is provided with a female negative electrode 23 and a female positive electrode 24 . A female connector 22 provided on the battery pack 5 side is provided with a male negative electrode 25 and a male positive electrode 26 . Regarding the wiring 27 on the vehicle 2 side, the respective battery packs 5 are connected in series by connecting the negative electrode 23 of the male connector 21 and the positive electrode 24 of the adjacent male connector 21 . Also, although not shown, in the wiring on the vehicle 2 side, the negative electrode 23 of the male connector 21 is connected to the negative electrode 23 of the adjacent male connector 21, and the positive electrode 24 of the male connector 21 is connected. , and the positive electrode 24 of the adjacent male connector 21, respectively, the battery packs 5 are connected in parallel. In this embodiment, in FIG. 5B, the negative electrode 23 of the male connector 21 and the positive electrode 24 of the adjacent male connector 21 are connected by the wiring 27 provided on the vehicle 2 side of the battery pack 5. , and an example connected in series is shown. Also, the negative electrode 25 and the positive electrode 26 of the female connector 22 of the battery pack 5 are connected to the internal circuit by wiring 28 . The battery pack 5 is provided with a safety plug (not shown) serving as a safety switch for disconnecting the internal circuit of the battery pack from the outside. Also, in this electric vehicle 1, the negative electrode 25 and the positive electrode 26 provided on the female connector 22 of the battery pack 5 are provided at the entrance of the female connector 22 when the battery pack 5 is removed from the vehicle 1. It is configured to be automatically covered with an opening/closing lid 29. - 特許庁In this embodiment, the opening/closing lid 29 is formed in a double-door manner and is constructed so as to be automatically closed by a spring or the like.

また，電池室５は，車両１の車体を構成するはしご型フレーム３における一対のサイドフレーム４と該サイドフレーム４間に配設された電池室床面８とで形成されている。重い電池パック５を車両２のはしご型フレーム３の間にそれぞれ搭載することにより，車両２の衝突時の安全性を確保することができ，重い電池パック５を車両２の低い位置に容易に搭載することができることになる。また，電池パック５は，運転席９の隣の助手席２０に形成されて開閉扉１１を備えた出し入れ口１２から電池室７に個々に脱着されて配設される。また，電池室７の出し入れ口１２に設けた開閉扉１１は，ヒンジ１３を支点に開閉され，室内床面６の一部を形成している。開閉扉１１には，開閉のために扉取っ手１９が設けられている。はしご型フレーム３の間に形成された電池室７に電池パック５をそれぞれ搭載した場合に，本願発明のように，車両２の運転席の隣の助手席２０の室内床面６に出し入れ口１２を設けることによって，例えば，車両２の左右，前後からの電池パック５の脱着作業に比較して，重い電池パック５を電池室７に収容する場合の脱着作業が極めて容易になる。 The battery chamber 5 is formed by a pair of side frames 4 of the ladder-shaped frame 3 forming the vehicle body of the vehicle 1 and a battery chamber floor 8 disposed between the side frames 4 . By mounting the heavy battery packs 5 between the ladder-shaped frames 3 of the vehicle 2, the safety of the vehicle 2 in the event of a collision can be ensured, and the heavy battery packs 5 can be easily mounted at the low position of the vehicle 2. It will be possible. Also, the battery packs 5 are individually attached to and detached from the battery chamber 7 through an opening 12 provided with an opening/closing door 11 formed in a passenger seat 20 adjacent to the driver's seat 9 . An opening/closing door 11 provided at an opening 12 of the battery chamber 7 is opened and closed with a hinge 13 as a fulcrum, and forms a part of the floor surface 6 of the room. The open/close door 11 is provided with a door handle 19 for opening and closing. When the battery packs 5 are respectively mounted in the battery chambers 7 formed between the ladder-shaped frames 3, the loading/unloading opening 12 is provided on the floor surface 6 of the passenger seat 20 adjacent to the driver's seat of the vehicle 2 as in the present invention. By providing the , the attachment/detachment work when the heavy battery pack 5 is accommodated in the battery chamber 7 becomes extremely easy compared to the attachment/detachment work of the battery pack 5 from the left, right, front, and rear of the vehicle 2 , for example.

この発明による電気自動車１では，電池パック５の車両２への脱着作業は，運転席９の隣の助手席２０の車内床面６に設けされた開閉扉１１の扉取っ手１９をもって開閉扉１１のを開け，車両２のはしご型フレーム３間に形成した電池パック収納室である電池室７に電池パック５を１個１個を順次に脱着することができる。この電気自動車１では，特段の設備投資が不要になり，運転手が単独で，電池パック５を電池室７に脱着作業を行うことができる。また，電池パック５を電池室７から１個取り外すと同時に，安全プラグ（図示せず）により電池パック５内の電気回路を自動的に遮断することで，電池パック５の電極間を間違って導通させても電流は流れなく，安全性が確保できるように構成されている。また，この電気自動車１では，電池パック５のプラス電極２６とマイナス電極２５とを保護するため，電池パック５に設けた雌型のコネクタ２２に自動で開閉できる開閉蓋２９を取り付けた構造に構成されているので，電池パック５を車両２の電池室７から１個取り外したら，電池パック５のコネクタ２２に設けた開閉蓋２９が自動的に閉じて，プラス電極２６とマイナス電極２５とが開閉蓋２９で保護されて安全性が確保される。 In the electric vehicle 1 according to the present invention, the operation of attaching and detaching the battery pack 5 to and from the vehicle 2 is performed by holding the door handle 19 of the opening/closing door 11 provided on the floor surface 6 of the passenger seat 20 next to the driver's seat 9. By opening the door, the battery packs 5 can be sequentially installed and removed one by one in the battery chamber 7 which is a battery pack storage chamber formed between the ladder-shaped frames 3 of the vehicle 2 . The electric vehicle 1 does not require any special equipment investment, and the driver can independently attach and detach the battery pack 5 to and from the battery chamber 7 . In addition, when one battery pack 5 is removed from the battery chamber 7, a safety plug (not shown) automatically interrupts the electric circuit inside the battery pack 5, preventing incorrect conduction between the electrodes of the battery pack 5. Even if it is turned on, no current flows, and it is configured so that safety can be ensured. In order to protect the positive electrode 26 and the negative electrode 25 of the battery pack 5, the electric vehicle 1 has a structure in which an opening/closing cover 29 that can be opened and closed automatically is attached to the female connector 22 provided in the battery pack 5. Therefore, when one battery pack 5 is removed from the battery chamber 7 of the vehicle 2, the opening/closing cover 29 provided on the connector 22 of the battery pack 5 is automatically closed, and the positive electrode 26 and the negative electrode 25 are opened and closed. It is protected by a lid 29 to ensure safety.

この発明による電池パックが搭載される電気自動車は，ワンボックスカー等の小型配送車に適用して好ましいものである。 An electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack according to the present invention is preferably applied to a small delivery vehicle such as a one-box car.

１ 電気自動車
２ 車両
３ はしご型フレーム
４ サイドフレーム
５ 電池パック
６ 室内床面
７ 電池室
８ 電池室床面
９ 運転席（シート）
１０ 助手席床面
１１ 電池室開閉扉
１２ 出し入れ口
２０ 助手席
２１，２２ コネクタ
２３，２５ マイナス電極
２４，２６ プラス電極
２７，２８ 配線
２９ 開閉蓋 1 Electric Vehicle 2 Vehicle 3 Ladder Frame 4 Side Frame 5 Battery Pack 6 Interior Floor 7 Battery Chamber 8 Battery Chamber Floor 9 Driver's Seat (Seat)
10 Passenger seat floor 11 Battery compartment opening/closing door 12 Access port 20 Passenger seat 21, 22 Connectors 23, 25 Negative electrodes 24, 26 Positive electrodes 27, 28 Wiring 29 Open/close lid

Claims (5)

ワンボックスカー等の小形車に搭載した電池を用いて電動機を駆動して走行する電池パックが搭載される電気自動車において，
１個の前記電池パックの最大電圧が５０Ｖ以下の低電圧に構成され，複数の前記電池パックが車両にそれぞれ搭載され，それぞれの前記電池パックは前記車両に互いに脱着自在に直列又は並列に接続され，前記電池パックは前記車両の室内床面と該室内床面の下に形成された電池室床面とで形成される電池室にそれぞれ収容され，前記電池室の出し入れ口は運転席の隣に形成されていることを特徴とする電池パックが搭載される電気自動車。 In an electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack that drives an electric motor using a battery installed in a compact car such as a one-box car,
The maximum voltage of one battery pack is set to a low voltage of 50 V or less, a plurality of the battery packs are mounted on a vehicle, and the respective battery packs are detachably connected in series or parallel to the vehicle. , the battery packs are accommodated in battery chambers formed by the floor surface of the vehicle interior and the floor surface of the battery chamber formed under the floor surface of the interior, and the battery chamber opening is located next to the driver's seat. An electric vehicle mounted with a battery pack characterized by being formed. 前記電池パックには，外部から前記電池パックの内部回路を遮断するための安全プラグが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電池パックが搭載される電気自動車。 2. An electric vehicle equipped with a battery pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein said battery pack is provided with a safety plug for interrupting an internal circuit of said battery pack from the outside. 前記電池パックのマイナス電極とプラス電極を備えたコネクタは，前記車両から前記電池パックを取り外した時に自動的に開閉蓋でカバーされることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の電池パックが搭載される電気自動車。 3. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the connector provided with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the battery pack is automatically covered with an opening/closing lid when the battery pack is removed from the vehicle. electric vehicle installed. 前記電池室は，前記車両の車体を構成するはしご型フレームにおける一対のサイドフレームと該サイドフレーム間に配設された前記電池室床面とで形成され，前記電池パックは前記運転席の隣の助手席に形成され且つ開閉扉を備えた前記出し入れ口から個々に脱着されることを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の電池パックが搭載される電気自動車。 The battery chamber is formed by a pair of side frames of a ladder-shaped frame forming the body of the vehicle and the floor surface of the battery chamber disposed between the side frames, and the battery pack is located next to the driver's seat. 4. An electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is individually attached to and detached from the loading/unloading opening provided in the front passenger's seat and provided with an opening and closing door. 前記電池室の前記出し入れ口に設けた前記開閉扉は，前記室内床面の一部を形成しており，前記開閉扉の開閉のために扉取手が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれか１項に記載の電池パックが搭載される電気自動車。 3. The opening/closing door provided at the entrance of the battery chamber forms part of the floor surface of the room, and a door handle is provided for opening/closing the opening/closing door. An electric vehicle equipped with the battery pack according to any one of 1 to 4.
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