JP2022098621A - Pretreatment method and pretreatment apparatus of waste plastics - Google Patents

Pretreatment method and pretreatment apparatus of waste plastics Download PDF

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JP2022098621A
JP2022098621A JP2020212109A JP2020212109A JP2022098621A JP 2022098621 A JP2022098621 A JP 2022098621A JP 2020212109 A JP2020212109 A JP 2020212109A JP 2020212109 A JP2020212109 A JP 2020212109A JP 2022098621 A JP2022098621 A JP 2022098621A
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waste plastic
molded product
specific gravity
waste plastics
plastic molded
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JP7413991B2 (en
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誠二 木ノ下
Seiji Kinoshita
啓二 戸村
Keiji Tomura
敦 平山
Atsushi Hirayama
伊吹 北出
Ibuki Kitade
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JFE Engineering Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract

To provide a pretreatment method and a pretreatment apparatus of waste plastics capable of enhancing heating efficiency for a fluidized bed in a furnace while suppressing influence on a subsequent combustion apparatus to a minimum.SOLUTION: An apparatus for pretreating waste plastics to be supplied as a combustion improver to a fluidized-bed incinerator includes a crusher 2A for crushing waste plastics PO to obtain waste plastics crushed products P1, a first gravity separator 2B for separating and removing polyvinyl chloride from the waste plastics crushed products P1 to obtain waste plastics to be molded P2, a compression molding machine 2C for compression-molding the waste plastics to be molded P2 to produce waste plastics molded bodies P3, and a second gravity separator 2D for separating the waste plastics molded bodies P3 into high density waste plastics molded bodies P4 having an apparent specific gravity of 0.7 g/cm3 or more and low density waste plastics molded bodies P5 having an apparent specific gravity of less than 0.7 g/cm3 and selecting the high density waste plastics molded bodies P4 as the combustion improver to be supplied to the fluidized-bed incinerator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、廃プラスチックの前処理方法及び前処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a pretreatment method and a pretreatment device for waste plastic.

従来から、汚泥等の被焼却物を効率よく、確実かつ短時間に完全燃焼させる焼却炉として流動層式焼却炉が多用されている。この流動層式焼却炉で焼却処理されている脱水汚泥は、脱水後でも含水率が高いため自燃しない場合が多く、炉内における流動層の砂層温度を汚泥の燃焼に適した温度に維持するために、灯油や都市ガス、Ａ重油といった化石燃料を助燃材として使用し、砂層内で燃焼させているが、運転にかかるコストが高くなってしまうという課題がある。 Conventionally, a fluidized bed incinerator has been widely used as an incinerator that completely burns sludge and other incinerators efficiently, reliably and in a short time. The dehydrated sludge incinerated in this fluidized bed incinerator often does not self-combust because of its high water content even after dehydration, and the temperature of the sand layer of the fluidized bed in the furnace is maintained at a temperature suitable for sludge combustion. In addition, fossil fuels such as kerosene, city gas, and heavy A oil are used as combustion aids and burned in the sand layer, but there is a problem that the cost for operation becomes high.

一方で、近年、廃プラスチックの処理が課題となっており、それを有効利用できる場が求められているのは、周知の事実である。そこで、特許文献１では、流動層式汚泥焼却炉で、廃プラスチックと汚泥とを混在した状態で焼却させることを提案している。この特許文献１によれば、汚泥の焼却に際して、廃プラスチックを助燃材として有効利用し、かつ処分することができる。 On the other hand, it is a well-known fact that the treatment of waste plastics has become an issue in recent years, and there is a demand for a place where it can be effectively used. Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes incinerating waste plastic and sludge in a mixed state in a fluidized bed sludge incinerator. According to this Patent Document 1, when incinerating sludge, waste plastic can be effectively used as a combustion aid and disposed of.

特開平１１－１８２８３４号Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-182834

また、特許文献１に開示された廃プラスチックのような固形の助燃材の場合、流体である化石燃料のように流動層の砂層内へ直接吹き込むことが物理的に困難であるため、流動層式汚泥焼却炉の上部（少なくとも、流動層形成域よりも上方）から流動層内へ供給する必要がある。 Further, in the case of a solid combustion auxiliary material such as waste plastic disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is physically difficult to blow it directly into the sand layer of the fluidized bed like fossil fuel which is a fluid, so that it is a fluidized bed type. It is necessary to supply into the fluidized bed from the upper part of the sludge incinerator (at least above the fluidized bed formation area).

しかしながら、廃プラスチックは、それ自体の比重が流動層の砂粒子の比重よりも小さいので、流動層内へ向け降下する間に、流動層表面（層上面）付近で速やかに燃焼してしまい、流動層に対して上方の空間であるフリーボード部の温度は上がるものの砂層全体への着熱が良好とはいえなかった。それ故に、流動層温度の低下を招き、汚泥の燃焼に支障が出るという課題があった。さらに、廃プラスチックには一定量の塩素が不均一に含まれているため、使用する廃プラスチックによっては、短期的に焼却時に発生する塩化水素の濃度が高くなり、炉出口以降の後燃焼設備の腐食が進行するという課題を有していた。 However, since the specific gravity of the waste plastic itself is smaller than the specific gravity of the sand particles in the fluidized bed, the waste plastic burns rapidly near the surface of the fluidized bed (upper surface of the layer) while descending into the fluidized bed, and flows. Although the temperature of the free board portion, which is the space above the layer, increased, it could not be said that the heat applied to the entire sand layer was good. Therefore, there is a problem that the temperature of the fluidized bed is lowered and the combustion of sludge is hindered. Furthermore, since the waste plastic contains a certain amount of chlorine unevenly, the concentration of hydrogen chloride generated during incineration increases in the short term depending on the waste plastic used, and the post-combustion equipment after the furnace outlet It had the problem that corrosion progressed.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、後燃焼設備への影響を最小限に抑制するとともに、助燃材としての廃プラスチックが炉内の流動層内部へ速やかに到達して炉内の流動層への着熱効率を向上させることが可能な廃プラスチックの前処理方法及び前処理装置を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the influence on the post-combustion equipment is minimized, and the waste plastic as an auxiliary combustion material quickly reaches the inside of the fluidized bed in the furnace to reach the furnace. An object of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment method and a pretreatment device for waste plastic capable of improving the thermal efficiency of the fluidized bed inside.

本発明によれば、前述の課題は、次の廃プラスチックの前処理方法及び廃プラスチックの前処理装置により解決される。 According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems are solved by the following waste plastic pretreatment method and waste plastic pretreatment apparatus.

＜廃プラスチックの前処理方法＞
流動層式焼却炉に助燃材として供給される廃プラスチックの前処理方法において、前記廃プラスチックを破砕機により破砕して廃プラスチック破砕物とする破砕工程と、前記廃プラスチック破砕物からポリ塩化ビニルを第一比重分離機により分離して除去し廃プラスチック被成形物を得る第一分離工程と、前記廃プラスチック被成形物を圧縮成形機により圧縮成形して廃プラスチック成形物を生成する圧縮成形工程と、前記廃プラスチック成形物を、第二比重分離機により、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物と、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物とに分離し、前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記流動層式焼却炉に供給される助燃材として選択する第二分離工程と、を有する廃プラスチックの前処理方法。 <Pretreatment method for waste plastic>
In the pretreatment method of waste plastic supplied as a combustion aid to a fluidized layer type incinerator, a crushing step of crushing the waste plastic with a crusher to make a waste plastic crushed product, and polyvinyl chloride from the waste plastic crushed material. The first separation step of separating and removing the waste plastic object by the first specific gravity separator to obtain the waste plastic object, and the compression molding step of compress-molding the waste plastic object by the compression molding machine to produce the waste plastic molded object. The waste plastic molded product is molded by a second specific gravity separator into a high specific gravity waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of 0.7 g / cm 3 or more and a low specific gravity waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 . A method for pretreating waste plastic, which comprises a second separation step of separating into a product and selecting the high specific gravity waste plastic molded product as a combustion improver to be supplied to the fluidized layer type incinerator.

本発明において、前記第二分離工程で分離された前記低比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記圧縮成形機に戻し、前記圧縮成形工程で再度圧縮成形して前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を生成することが好ましい。 In the present invention, the low specific density waste plastic molded product separated in the second separation step can be returned to the compression molding machine and compression molded again in the compression molding step to produce the high specific density waste plastic molded product. preferable.

＜廃プラスチックの前処理装置＞
流動層式焼却炉に助燃材として供給される廃プラスチックの前処理を行う装置において、前記廃プラスチックを破砕して廃プラスチック破砕物とする破砕機と、前記廃プラスチック破砕物からポリ塩化ビニルを分離して除去し廃プラスチック被成形物を得る第一比重分離機と、前記廃プラスチック被成形物を圧縮成形して廃プラスチック成形物を生成する圧縮成形機と、前記廃プラスチック成形物を、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物と、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物とに分離し、前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記流動層式焼却炉に供給される助燃材として選択する第二比重分離機と、を有する廃プラスチックの前処理装置。 <Pretreatment equipment for waste plastic>
In a device that pretreats waste plastic supplied as a combustion aid to a fluidized layer incinerator, a crusher that crushes the waste plastic into waste plastic crushed material and polyvinyl chloride are separated from the waste plastic crushed material. The first specific gravity separator for removing the waste plastic object to be formed, the compression molding machine for producing the waste plastic molded product by compression molding the waste plastic object, and the apparent specific gravity of the waste plastic molded product. It is separated into a high specific gravity waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of 0.7 g / cm 3 or more and a low specific gravity waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 , and the high specific gravity waste plastic molded product is separated into the fluidized layer. A pretreatment device for waste plastic having a second specific gravity separator, which is selected as the auxiliary combustion material supplied to the type incinerator.

本発明によれば、後燃焼設備への影響を最小限に抑制するとともに、助燃材としての廃プラスチックが炉内流動層内部へ速やかに到達して炉内の流動層への着熱効率を向上させることが可能な廃プラスチックの前処理方法及び前処理装置を提供できる。 According to the present invention, the influence on the post-combustion equipment is minimized, and the waste plastic as an auxiliary combustion material quickly reaches the inside of the fluidized bed in the furnace to improve the thermal efficiency to the fluidized bed in the furnace. It is possible to provide a pretreatment method and a pretreatment device for waste plastics.

本発明の実施形態に係る汚泥焼却炉及び排ガス処理設備を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the sludge incinerator and the exhaust gas treatment equipment which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 廃プラスチックの前処理装置の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the pretreatment apparatus of waste plastic.

以下、添付図面に基づき、本発明の実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、本実施形態における前処理工程を受けた廃プラスチック助燃材を用いる汚泥焼却炉（以下、「焼却炉」）１及び排ガス処理設備の構成を示す。本実施形態では、焼却炉１は砂層により流動層を形成する流動層式である。 FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a sludge incinerator (hereinafter, “incinerator”) 1 and an exhaust gas treatment facility using a waste plastic combustion auxiliary material that has undergone the pretreatment step in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the incinerator 1 is a fluidized bed type in which a fluidized bed is formed by a sand layer.

図１において、焼却炉１の下流側には、焼却炉１から排気される排ガスについて熱回収する熱交換器３、排ガスを除塵する除塵装置４、除塵後の排ガスを洗煙する洗煙塔５が順次配設されている。図１に示されているように、熱交換器３は焼却炉１の後述の排気部１Ａに煙道Ａで接続されており、除塵装置４は熱交換器３に煙道Ｂで接続されており、洗煙塔５は除塵装置４に煙道Ｃで接続されている。また、洗煙塔５からは煙道Ｄが延びており、洗煙塔５は下流側に位置する煙突（図示せず）に接続されている。 In FIG. 1, on the downstream side of the incinerator 1, a heat exchanger 3 that recovers heat from the exhaust gas exhausted from the incinerator 1, a dust remover 4 that removes the exhaust gas, and a smoke washing tower 5 that cleans the exhaust gas after the dust is removed. Are sequentially arranged. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 3 is connected to the exhaust unit 1A described later of the incinerator 1 by a smoke passage A, and the dust remover 4 is connected to the heat exchanger 3 by a smoke passage B. The smoke washing tower 5 is connected to the dust remover 4 by a smoke channel C. Further, a flue D extends from the smoke washing tower 5, and the smoke washing tower 5 is connected to a chimney (not shown) located on the downstream side.

焼却炉１の炉本体１－０の側壁には、被焼却物としての汚泥を外部から受けて炉本体１－０内へ供給する汚泥供給部１Ｂと、助燃材を外部から受けて炉本体１－０内へ供給する助燃材供給部１Ｃが設けられている。助燃材供給部１Ｃは、化石燃料助燃材を供給する化石燃料供給部１Ｃ－１と、廃プラスチック助燃材を供給する廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２とを有している。図１に見られるように、汚泥供給部１Ｂは、炉本体１－０の上部に設けられている。化石燃料供給部１Ｃ－１は、炉本体１－０の上下方向での中間部にあって、炉本体１－０内の砂層（流動層）の表面（上面）より若干下方に位置している。廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２は、炉本体１－０の上下方向での中間部にあって、炉本体１－０内の砂層の表面より若干上方に位置している。助燃材供給部１Ｃには、助燃材の供給量を調整する弁等の調整器１Ｊが設けられている。調整器１Ｊは、化石燃料供給部１Ｃ－１に接続された化石燃料供給調整器１Ｊ－１と、廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２に接続された廃プラスチック供給量調整器１Ｊ－２とを有している。 On the side wall of the furnace body 1-0 of the incinerator 1, the sludge supply unit 1B that receives sludge as an incinerator from the outside and supplies it into the furnace body 1-0, and the furnace body 1 that receives the combustion auxiliary material from the outside. A combustion assisting material supply unit 1C for supplying into −0 is provided. The combustion auxiliary material supply unit 1C has a fossil fuel supply unit 1C-1 for supplying a fossil fuel auxiliary material and a waste plastic supply unit 1C-2 for supplying a waste plastic combustion auxiliary material. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the sludge supply unit 1B is provided on the upper part of the furnace body 1-0. The fossil fuel supply unit 1C-1 is located in the vertical intermediate portion of the furnace body 1-0 in the vertical direction, and is located slightly below the surface (upper surface) of the sand layer (fluidized bed) in the furnace body 1-0. .. The waste plastic supply unit 1C-2 is located in the middle portion in the vertical direction of the furnace body 1-0, and is located slightly above the surface of the sand layer in the furnace body 1-0. The combustion improver material supply unit 1C is provided with an adjuster 1J such as a valve for adjusting the supply amount of the combustion auxiliary material. The regulator 1J has a fossil fuel supply regulator 1J-1 connected to the fossil fuel supply section 1C-1 and a waste plastic supply amount regulator 1J-2 connected to the waste plastic supply section 1C-2. ing.

廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２は、原材料としての廃プラスチックを炉本体１－０へ供給する前に助燃材として適切な性状とするために前処理する後述の前処理装置２に接続されていて、前処理後の廃プラスチック助燃材を受けるようになっている。 The waste plastic supply unit 1C-2 is connected to a pretreatment device 2 described later, which pretreats the waste plastic as a raw material in order to obtain appropriate properties as a combustion improver before supplying the waste plastic as a raw material to the furnace body 1-0. It is designed to receive waste plastic combustion improver after pretreatment.

焼却炉１の炉本体１－０内には、炉本体１－０の底壁１Ｄの直上位置に板状の透気部材１Ｅが設けられていて、透気部材１Ｅ上に収められた砂によって砂層が形成されている。砂層を形成する砂は、例えば、珪砂である。この透気部材１Ｅの下方に位置する下方空間１Ｆへ外部から燃焼用の空気が空気送入部１Ｇを経て送入されており、送入された空気は透気部材１Ｅの透気孔を透気して砂層へ流入している。透気部材１Ｅ上の砂層は、透気部材１Ｅを透気した空気により流動して流動層１Ｈを形成する。 In the furnace body 1-0 of the incinerator 1, a plate-shaped air-permeable member 1E is provided at a position directly above the bottom wall 1D of the furnace body 1-0, and the sand contained in the air-permeable member 1E causes the incinerator 1 to have a plate-shaped air-permeable member 1E. A sand layer is formed. The sand forming the sand layer is, for example, silica sand. Combustion air is supplied from the outside to the lower space 1F located below the air-permeable member 1E via the air supply unit 1G, and the supplied air permeates the air-permeable holes of the air-permeable member 1E. And it is flowing into the sand layer. The sand layer on the air-permeable member 1E flows through the air-permeable member 1E by the air that has passed through the air-permeable member 1E to form the fluidized bed 1H.

図２は、廃プラスチックの前処理装置２の構成図である。前処理装置２は、原材料としての廃プラスチックＰＯを適宜破砕して廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１とする破砕機２Ａと、廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１から比重の大きいポリ塩化ビニル（ＰＶＣ）を分離・除去して廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２を得る第一比重分離機２Ｂと、廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２を受けてこれを圧縮成形して廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３を得る圧縮成形機２Ｃと、廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３を所定の見掛け比重以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４と、所定の見掛け比重未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ５に分離する第二比重分離機２Ｄとを有している。第二比重分離機２Ｄは、高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４を焼却炉１に供給される助燃材として選択して排出する一方で、低比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ５を圧縮成形機２Ｃへ戻す。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a waste plastic pretreatment device 2. The pretreatment device 2 separates and removes a crusher 2A that appropriately crushes waste plastic PO as a raw material into waste plastic crushed material P1 and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) having a large specific density from the waste plastic crushed material P1. The first specific gravity separator 2B for obtaining the waste plastic object P2, the compression molding machine 2C for receiving the waste plastic object P2 and compression molding the waste plastic object P2 to obtain the waste plastic molded product P3, and the waste plastic molded product P3. It has a high specific gravity waste plastic molded product P4 having a predetermined apparent specific gravity or more, and a second specific gravity separating machine 2D for separating into a low specific gravity waste plastic molded product P5 having a predetermined apparent specific gravity or less. The second specific gravity separator 2D selects and discharges the high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 as the auxiliary combustion material supplied to the incinerator 1, while returning the low specific density waste plastic molded product P5 to the compression molding machine 2C.

この前処理装置２にあっては、まず、前処理すべき原材料としての廃プラスチックＰＯが破砕機２Ａへ投入され破砕されて、成形に適切なサイズの廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１とされる（破砕工程）。ここで、廃プラスチックＰＯは、例えば、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、ポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）、ＰＥＴ等の多種のプラスチックの混合物である。また、この廃プラスチックＰＯ中には、多量の塩素を含んでいるＰＶＣも混在している。 In this pretreatment apparatus 2, first, waste plastic PO as a raw material to be pretreated is put into a crusher 2A and crushed to obtain a waste plastic crushed product P1 having a size suitable for molding (crushing step). ). Here, the waste plastic PO is a mixture of various plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and PET. In addition, PVC containing a large amount of chlorine is also mixed in this waste plastic PO.

破砕機２Ａで得られた廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１には、ＰＶＣが混在している。このＰＶＣは、多量の塩素を含んでおり、焼却炉内で燃焼することで排ガス中の塩化水素濃度を高めてしまうので助燃材として適さない。このＰＶＣは他のプラスチックに比し、比重が大きいので、第一比重分離機２Ｂにより分離除去される（第一分離工程）。第一比重分離機２Ｂについては、その比重分離の方式に限定はないが、例えば、比重分離機としてのエアーテーブル（図示せず）を用いることができる。このエアーテーブルは、多孔の傾斜板上に廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１を載置した状態で、傾斜板をその板面に平行な方向に振動させつつ、傾斜板の下方から空気を流し、傾斜板上の廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１に浮遊力を与え、廃プラスチック破砕物Ｐ１の中の重量物を上方に、軽量物を下方に分離する。本実施形態では、ＰＶＣを重量物として分離して除去することで、軽量物である他の廃プラスチックを廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２として得る。この廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２は、圧縮成形機２Ｃへ送られる。 PVC is mixed in the waste plastic crushed product P1 obtained by the crusher 2A. This PVC contains a large amount of chlorine and is not suitable as a combustion auxiliary material because it increases the concentration of hydrogen chloride in the exhaust gas by burning in an incinerator. Since this PVC has a higher specific gravity than other plastics, it is separated and removed by the first specific gravity separator 2B (first separation step). The first specific gravity separator 2B is not limited in the specific gravity separation method, but for example, an air table (not shown) as the specific gravity separator can be used. In this air table, with the waste plastic crushed material P1 placed on the perforated inclined plate, air is flowed from below the inclined plate while vibrating the inclined plate in the direction parallel to the plate surface, and the air table is placed on the inclined plate. A floating force is applied to the waste plastic crushed material P1 to separate the heavy material in the waste plastic crushed material P1 upward and the lightweight material downward. In the present embodiment, PVC is separated and removed as a heavy object to obtain another waste plastic which is a lightweight object as a waste plastic object to be molded P2. The waste plastic object P2 is sent to the compression molding machine 2C.

このように、本実施形態では、第一比重分離機２ＢによりＰＶＣが除去されるので、焼却炉１内へ供給される助燃材に含まれるＰＶＣが大幅に低減される。その結果、炉内で発生する塩化水素の濃度が低くなり、炉出口以降の後燃焼設備の腐食の進行を抑制できる。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the PVC is removed by the first specific gravity separator 2B, so that the PVC contained in the combustion auxiliary material supplied into the incinerator 1 is significantly reduced. As a result, the concentration of hydrogen chloride generated in the furnace is lowered, and the progress of corrosion of the post-combustion equipment after the furnace outlet can be suppressed.

圧縮成形機２Ｃは、圧縮成形工程として、廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２を圧縮して比重を高めるとともに、適宜なサイズの粒状物とする装置であり、その形式に限定はないが、例えば、リングダイ式の成形機を（図示せず）を用いることができる。 The compression molding machine 2C is a device that compresses the waste plastic object P2 to increase the specific gravity and forms granules of an appropriate size as a compression molding step, and the type thereof is not limited, but for example, a ring die. The formula molding machine (not shown) can be used.

圧縮成形機２Ｃとしてのリングダイ式の成形機は、円筒状の回転ダイと、回転ダイの内面に接面あるいは近接して定位置で転動するローラと、回転ダイの外面に位置するカッタとを有しており、回転ダイには周方向での複数位置に半径方向で貫通する成形孔が形成されている。この成形機では、回転ダイの内部へ粒状の廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２が投入されると、回転ダイの内面で廃プラスチック被成形物Ｐ２がローラにより圧せられて、回転ダイの回転に伴い、上記成形孔から回転ダイの外面へ押し出される。回転ダイの成形孔から押し出された圧縮成形物は、回転ダイの回転に伴い回転ダイに対し相対動するカッタにより切断され、所定のサイズの廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３となる。廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３のサイズは、回転ダイの外面に対するカッタの位置を変更することにより所定値に設定できる。 The ring die type molding machine as the compression molding machine 2C includes a cylindrical rotary die, a roller that rolls in a fixed position in contact with or close to the inner surface of the rotary die, and a cutter located on the outer surface of the rotary die. The rotating die is formed with forming holes penetrating in the radial direction at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction. In this molding machine, when the granular waste plastic object P2 is charged into the inside of the rotary die, the waste plastic object P2 is pressed by the rollers on the inner surface of the rotary die, and the waste plastic object P2 is pressed by the rollers as the rotary die rotates. It is extruded from the molding hole to the outer surface of the rotary die. The compression molded product extruded from the molding hole of the rotating die is cut by a cutter that moves relative to the rotating die as the rotating die rotates, and becomes a waste plastic molded product P3 having a predetermined size. The size of the waste plastic molded product P3 can be set to a predetermined value by changing the position of the cutter with respect to the outer surface of the rotating die.

回転ダイの外面から落下する所定サイズの廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３は、第二比重分離機２Ｄに送られる。第二比重分離機２Ｄとしては、第一比重分離機２Ｂと同じ原理の装置を用いることができる。第二比重分離機２Ｄは、廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３を、所定の見掛け比重以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４と所定の見掛け比重未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ５に分離する（第二分離工程）。第二比重分離機２Ｄは、高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４を焼却炉１に供給される助燃材として選択して排出する。 The waste plastic molded product P3 of a predetermined size that falls from the outer surface of the rotary die is sent to the second specific gravity separator 2D. As the second specific gravity separator 2D, an apparatus having the same principle as the first specific gravity separator 2B can be used. The second specific gravity separator 2D separates the waste plastic molded product P3 into a high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 having a predetermined apparent density or more and a low specific density waste plastic molded product P5 having a predetermined apparent density less than the predetermined apparent density (second separation step). ). The second specific gravity separator 2D selects and discharges the high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 as the auxiliary combustion material to be supplied to the incinerator 1.

本実施形態では、上述の所定の見掛け比重は０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３に設定されている。その理由は、廃プラスチック成形物の見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以上であれば、焼却炉１へ助燃材として供給された後、炉内の流動層内部へ十分かつ速やかに到達し、流動層への着熱効率を向上させることができるからである。なお、高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４の見掛け比重の上限値は、高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４に含まれる主なプラスチックの真比重とほぼ等しい。例えば、高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４の主なプラスチック成分がＰＥやＰＰである場合には、見掛け比重の上限値は約０．９８ｇ／ｃｍ３である。 In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned predetermined apparent specific gravity is set to 0.7 g / cm 3 . The reason is that if the apparent specific gravity of the waste plastic molded product is 0.7 g / cm 3 or more, it is supplied to the incinerator 1 as a combustion improver, and then reaches the inside of the fluidized bed in the furnace sufficiently and quickly, and flows. This is because the heat transfer efficiency to the layer can be improved. The upper limit of the apparent specific gravity of the high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 is substantially equal to the true specific gravity of the main plastic contained in the high specific density waste plastic molded product P4. For example, when the main plastic component of the high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 is PE or PP, the upper limit of the apparent specific gravity is about 0.98 g / cm 3 .

第二比重分離機２Ｄから排出された高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４は、廃プラスチック供給量調整器１Ｊ－２で供給量を調整され、廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２によって焼却炉１内へ供給される。一方、低比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ５は圧縮成形機２Ｃへ戻され、再度、廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ３の生成に供される。 The high specific density waste plastic molded product P4 discharged from the second specific gravity separator 2D is supplied into the incinerator 1 by the waste plastic supply unit 1C-2 after the supply amount is adjusted by the waste plastic supply amount adjuster 1J-2. To. On the other hand, the low-density waste plastic molded product P5 is returned to the compression molding machine 2C and used again for the production of the waste plastic molded product P3.

次に、このような構成の本実施形態における焼却炉１による汚泥焼却要領を説明する。 Next, the sludge incineration procedure by the incinerator 1 in the present embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

焼却炉１の炉本体１－０内には、透気部材１Ｅ上に流動層１Ｈを形成するための砂が収められている。空気送入部１Ｇを経て外部から下方空間１Ｆへ送入される燃焼用の空気が透気部材１Ｅを透気して上昇することにより透気部材１Ｅ上で砂が流動して流動層１Ｈが形成される。 In the furnace body 1-0 of the incinerator 1, sand for forming the fluidized bed 1H is stored on the air permeable member 1E. Combustion air that is sent from the outside to the lower space 1F via the air feeding section 1G permeates the air-permeable member 1E and rises, so that sand flows on the air-permeable member 1E and the fluidized bed 1H is formed. It is formed.

化石燃料供給部１Ｃ－１からは化石燃料助燃材が、また、廃プラスチック供給部１Ｃ－２からは廃プラスチック助燃材、すなわち高比重廃プラスチック成形物Ｐ４が、それぞれ炉本体１－０内へ供給されて燃焼しているので、流動層１Ｈは所定の高温状態となっている。本実施形態では、化石燃料助燃材は、廃プラスチック助燃材の補助として使用され、可能な限り廃プラスチック助燃材が主として用いられる。 The fossil fuel fuel supply unit 1C-1 supplies the fossil fuel fuel auxiliary material, and the waste plastic supply unit 1C-2 supplies the waste plastic combustion material, that is, the high-density waste plastic molded product P4 into the furnace body 1-0. The fluidized layer 1H is in a predetermined high temperature state because it is burned. In the present embodiment, the fossil fuel auxiliary material is used as an auxiliary to the waste plastic combustion auxiliary material, and the waste plastic combustion auxiliary material is mainly used as much as possible.

この流動層１Ｈへ向け、汚泥供給部１Ｂから汚泥が落下供給される。汚泥は高温の流動層１Ｈ内を砂とともに流動している間に燃焼する。汚泥の燃焼により生じる排ガスは、排気部１Ａから煙道Ａを通り、熱交換器３で熱回収された後、煙道Ｂを通り、除塵装置４で除塵され、さらに、煙道Ｃを通り、洗煙塔５で洗煙されてから、煙道Ｄを通り、無害化された状態で煙突から大気へ放出される。 Sludge is dropped and supplied from the sludge supply unit 1B toward the fluidized bed 1H. The sludge burns while flowing with sand in the high-temperature fluidized bed 1H. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion of sludge passes through the flue A from the exhaust unit 1A, is recovered by the heat exchanger 3, passes through the flue B, is dust-removed by the dust removing device 4, and further passes through the flue C. After the smoke is washed in the smoke washing tower 5, it is discharged from the chimney to the atmosphere in a detoxified state through the flue D.

２ 前処理装置
２Ａ 破砕機
２Ｂ 第一比重分離機
２Ｃ 圧縮成形機
２Ｄ 第二比重分離機
ＰＯ 廃プラスチック（原材料）
Ｐ１ 廃プラスチック破砕物
Ｐ２ 廃プラスチック被成形物
Ｐ３ 廃プラスチック成形物
Ｐ４ 高比重廃プラスチック成形物
Ｐ５ 低比重廃プラスチック成形物

2 Pretreatment equipment 2A Crusher 2B First density separator 2C Compression molding machine 2D Second density separator PO Waste plastic (raw material)
P1 Waste plastic crushed material P2 Waste plastic object to be molded P3 Waste plastic molded product P4 High density waste plastic molded product P5 Low specific density waste plastic molded product

Claims (3)

流動層式焼却炉に助燃材として供給される廃プラスチックの前処理方法において、
前記廃プラスチックを破砕機により破砕して廃プラスチック破砕物とする破砕工程と、
前記廃プラスチック破砕物からポリ塩化ビニルを第一比重分離機により分離して除去し廃プラスチック被成形物を得る第一分離工程と、
前記廃プラスチック被成形物を圧縮成形機により圧縮成形して廃プラスチック成形物を生成する圧縮成形工程と、
前記廃プラスチック成形物を、第二比重分離機により、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物と、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物とに分離し、前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記流動層式焼却炉に供給される助燃材として選択する第二分離工程と、
を有する廃プラスチックの前処理方法。 In the pretreatment method of waste plastic supplied as a combustion aid to a fluidized bed incinerator
A crushing step of crushing the waste plastic with a crusher to make a waste plastic crushed product,
The first separation step of separating and removing polyvinyl chloride from the crushed waste plastic by a first specific gravity separator to obtain a waste plastic object to be molded.
A compression molding step of forming a waste plastic molded product by compression molding the waste plastic object to be molded by a compression molding machine.
The waste plastic molded product is a high specific density waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of 0.7 g / cm 3 or more and a low specific density waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 by a second specific gravity separator. The second separation step of separating into and selecting the high-density waste plastic molded product as the combustion auxiliary material to be supplied to the fluidized layer type incinerator.
A method of pretreatment of waste plastics. 前記第二分離工程で分離された前記低比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記圧縮成形機に戻し、前記圧縮成形工程で再度圧縮成形して前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を生成することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の廃プラスチックの前処理方法。 A claim characterized by returning the low specific gravity waste plastic molded product separated in the second separation step to the compression molding machine and compression molding again in the compression molding step to produce the high specific gravity waste plastic molded product. Item 1. The method for pretreating waste plastic according to Item 1. 流動層式焼却炉に助燃材として供給される廃プラスチックの前処理を行う装置において、
前記廃プラスチックを破砕して廃プラスチック破砕物とする破砕機と、
前記廃プラスチック破砕物からポリ塩化ビニルを分離して除去し廃プラスチック被成形物を得る第一比重分離機と、
前記廃プラスチック被成形物を圧縮成形して廃プラスチック成形物を生成する圧縮成形機と、
前記廃プラスチック成形物を、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３以上の高比重廃プラスチック成形物と、見掛け比重が０．７ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の低比重廃プラスチック成形物とに分離し、前記高比重廃プラスチック成形物を前記流動層式焼却炉に供給される助燃材として選択する第二比重分離機と、
を有する廃プラスチックの前処理装置。 In a device that pretreats waste plastic supplied as a combustion aid to a fluidized bed incinerator.
A crusher that crushes the waste plastic into a waste plastic crusher,
A first specific gravity separator that separates and removes polyvinyl chloride from the crushed waste plastic to obtain a waste plastic object to be molded.
A compression molding machine that compression-molds the waste plastic molded product to produce a waste plastic molded product.
The waste plastic molded product is separated into a high specific density waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of 0.7 g / cm 3 or more and a low specific density waste plastic molded product having an apparent specific gravity of less than 0.7 g / cm 3 . A second density separator that selects the specific density waste plastic molded product as the combustion aid to be supplied to the fluidized layer type incinerator, and
Waste plastic pretreatment equipment with.
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