JP2022046984A - Rock bolt and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Rock bolt and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP2022046984A
JP2022046984A JP2020152660A JP2020152660A JP2022046984A JP 2022046984 A JP2022046984 A JP 2022046984A JP 2020152660 A JP2020152660 A JP 2020152660A JP 2020152660 A JP2020152660 A JP 2020152660A JP 2022046984 A JP2022046984 A JP 2022046984A
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lock bolt
head
pull
neck portion
shaft portion
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JP7467006B2 (en
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聡 福田
Satoshi Fukuda
敦 大道
Atsushi Omichi
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Sunrise Industry Co Ltd
KFC Ltd
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Sunrise Industry Co Ltd
KFC Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a rock bolt that can eliminate the work of nut removal and re-tightening when performing a pull-out test, can easily perform a pull-out test, and can exhibit high strength and high yield strength over the entire length.SOLUTION: A rock bolt has a neck portion 3 formed on a rear side of a shaft portion 2 in the driving direction so as to project in a flange shape with respect to the shaft portion 2. The tip of the neck portion 3 is provided so as to be able to push a bearing plate 51 externally attached to the shaft portion 2. A head portion 4 is formed on the rear side of the neck portion 3 so that at least a part thereof projects in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、例えばトンネル空間の支保に用いられるロックボルト及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to, for example, a lock bolt used for supporting a tunnel space and a method for manufacturing the same.

一般的なトンネルでは、図8及び図9に示すように、トンネルの掘削面101に沿って吹付コンクリート102が打設され、吹付コンクリート102から周囲の地山103にロックボルト104が放射状に打設される。各ロックボルト104は、定着材105で地山103に定着されると共に、外挿された支圧プレート106が吹付コンクリート102に密着するように、後端部の雄ねじ107にナット108が嵌められる。そして、放射状に打設されたロックボルト104によってトンネル周囲の地山103に構築されたアーチ構造109により、トンネル空間110が支保される。 In a general tunnel, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, sprayed concrete 102 is placed along the excavated surface 101 of the tunnel, and rock bolts 104 are radially placed from the sprayed concrete 102 to the surrounding ground 103. Will be done. Each lock bolt 104 is fixed to the ground 103 with the fixing material 105, and the nut 108 is fitted to the male screw 107 at the rear end so that the extrapolated pressure plate 106 is in close contact with the sprayed concrete 102. Then, the tunnel space 110 is supported by the arch structure 109 constructed on the ground 103 around the tunnel by the rock bolts 104 cast radially.

地山103に打設、定着されたロックボルト104は、地山103が押し出してこようとする力Fに対して、ロックボルト104に生ずる引張方向の軸力Tによって抗することにより、アーチ構造109が壊れないように支保する。このようなロックボルト104の機能を発現するには、ロックボルト104が地山103に所要の引抜耐力を有する状態で強固に定着されていることが重要となる。更に、ロックボルト104が破断しないことや、支圧プレート106が吹付コンクリート102に密着するようにロックボルト104にナット締めがされていることも必要となる。 The lock bolt 104 placed and fixed on the ground 103 has an arch structure 109 by resisting the force F that the ground 103 tries to push out by the axial force T in the tensile direction generated in the lock bolt 104. I will support you so that it will not break. In order to exhibit the function of the lock bolt 104, it is important that the lock bolt 104 is firmly fixed to the ground 103 in a state of having a required pull-out resistance. Further, it is also necessary that the lock bolt 104 is not broken and that the lock bolt 104 is nut-tightened so that the bearing plate 106 is in close contact with the sprayed concrete 102.

また、特許文献1では、ロックボルトの施工におけるナット締めの作業を省略するため、ロックボルトの後端部に円形の平鋼板からなるプレート固定部材を一体的に接合し、このプレート固定部材で支圧プレートを押さえつけるロックボルトが提案されている。 Further, in Patent Document 1, in order to omit the nut tightening work in the construction of the lock bolt, a plate fixing member made of a circular flat steel plate is integrally joined to the rear end portion of the lock bolt, and the plate fixing member is used to support the plate fixing member. Lock bolts that hold down the pressure plate have been proposed.

特開2005-314993号Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-314993

ところで、上述のように、地山103に打設されたロックボルト104では、所要の引抜耐力を有する状態で打設されていることを確認するため、施工管理上の仕様に従って引抜試験が行われる。ナット締め方式のロックボルト104に対する引抜試験では、支圧プレート106を押圧するナット108を取り外し、ロックボルト104の後端部の雄ねじ107にカップリングを介してテンションバーを接続し、そのテンションバーをセンターホールラムに挿通して油圧ジャッキで載荷することにより、ロックボルトに引張力をかけ、所定の引抜強度まで抜けてこないかの計測を行う。所定の引抜試験まで抜けてこないことを確認した後には、カップリング、テンションバー、センターホールラム、油圧ジャッキで構成される試験装置をロックボルト104から取り外し、支圧プレート106を押圧するナット108をロックボルト104の雄ねじ107に再度締め付ける。 By the way, as described above, in order to confirm that the lock bolt 104 placed on the ground 103 is placed in a state having the required pull-out strength, a pull-out test is performed according to the specifications for construction management. .. In the pull-out test for the lock bolt 104 of the nut tightening method, the nut 108 that presses the bearing plate 106 is removed, and the tension bar is connected to the male screw 107 at the rear end of the lock bolt 104 via a coupling, and the tension bar is connected. By inserting it through the center hole ram and loading it with a hydraulic jack, a tensile force is applied to the lock bolt, and it is measured whether the lock bolt does not come out to the specified pull-out strength. After confirming that it does not come out until the predetermined pull-out test, remove the test device consisting of the coupling, tension bar, center hole ram, and hydraulic jack from the lock bolt 104, and remove the nut 108 that presses the bearing plate 106. Retighten to the male screw 107 of the lock bolt 104.

このような引抜試験は、地山103に打設した全てのロックボルト104からサンプリングした一部のロックボルト104に対して行うのが通常であるが、サンプリングしたロックボルト104に対して行うにしても、ロックボルト104からナット108を取り外し、原状復帰のために再度締め付ける作業にはかなりの手間がかかる。尚、特許文献1のロックボルトは、後端部に支圧プレートを押さえつける平鋼板のプレート固定部材が一体的に接合されているため、引抜試験を行うこと自体が困難である。 Such a pull-out test is usually performed on a part of the lock bolts 104 sampled from all the lock bolts 104 placed on the ground 103, but it is performed on the sampled lock bolts 104. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to remove the nut 108 from the lock bolt 104 and tighten it again to restore it to its original state. Since the lock bolt of Patent Document 1 has a plate fixing member of a flat steel plate that presses the bearing plate integrally bonded to the rear end portion, it is difficult to perform a pull-out test itself.

また、1本1本のロックボルト104が支えられる荷重を増やすために、ロックボルトの高耐力化が要望されることがあるが、ロックボルト104の軸部に所望の引張強度が得られたとしても、軸部より強度の低い雄ねじ107の部分が破断するとロックボルトとして機能しなくなるため、軸部より強度の低い箇所を無くすことも重要である。 Further, in order to increase the load supported by each lock bolt 104, it may be required to increase the yield strength of the lock bolt, but it is assumed that the desired tensile strength is obtained for the shaft portion of the lock bolt 104. However, if the portion of the male screw 107 having a lower strength than the shaft portion breaks, it will not function as a lock bolt, so it is also important to eliminate the portion having a lower strength than the shaft portion.

本発明は上記課題に鑑み提案するものであって、引抜試験を行う際のナットの取り外しと再度の締め付けの作業を無くすことができ、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができると共に、全長に亘って高強度、高耐力を発揮することができるロックボルト及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been proposed in view of the above problems, and it is possible to eliminate the work of removing and re-tightening the nut when performing the pull-out test, the pull-out test can be easily performed, and the entire length is covered. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lock bolt capable of exhibiting high strength and high yield strength and a method for manufacturing the same.

本発明のロックボルトは、軸部の打設方向における後側に前記軸部に対してフランジ状に突出する首部が形成され、前記首部の先端が前記軸部に外挿される支圧プレートを押圧可能に設けられていると共に、前記首部の後側に前記首部に対して少なくとも一部がフランジ状に突出する頭部が形成されていることを特徴とする。
これによれば、支圧プレートを押圧する首部の後側でフランジ状に突出する頭部に引抜試験治具を取り付けることにより、ナットの取り外しと再度の締め付けの作業を行わずに、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができる。また、頭部が首部に対してフランジ状に突出していることから、引抜試験治具の取り付けを容易に行うことができる。また、ナットを螺合する雄ねじの形成が不要で、軸部よりも局所的に強度が劣る箇所を形成する必要が無いことから、ロックボルトの全長に亘って高強度、高耐力を発揮することができる。
In the lock bolt of the present invention, a neck portion is formed on the rear side in the driving direction of the shaft portion so as to project in a flange shape with respect to the shaft portion, and the tip of the neck portion presses a bearing plate externally attached to the shaft portion. It is characterized in that a head portion is formed on the rear side of the neck portion so as to be possible and at least a part thereof protrudes in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion.
According to this, by attaching a pull-out test jig to the head that protrudes like a flange behind the neck that presses the bearing plate, it can be easily pulled out without removing the nut and tightening it again. You can do the test. Further, since the head protrudes in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion, the extraction test jig can be easily attached. In addition, since it is not necessary to form a male screw for screwing the nut and it is not necessary to form a portion where the strength is locally inferior to that of the shaft portion, high strength and high yield strength are exhibited over the entire length of the lock bolt. Can be done.

本発明のロックボルトは、前記頭部が略楕円鍔状に形成されていることを特徴とする。
これによれば、例えば引抜試験治具の略楕円形の挿通穴に頭部を挿入し、挿通穴の後側の略円形の係合溝で頭部を相対的に回転する等により、頭部と引抜試験治具の取り付けを非常に容易に行うことができる。
The lock bolt of the present invention is characterized in that the head thereof is formed in a substantially elliptical collar shape.
According to this, for example, the head is inserted into the substantially elliptical insertion hole of the extraction test jig, and the head is relatively rotated by the substantially circular engaging groove on the rear side of the insertion hole. And the extraction test jig can be attached very easily.

本発明のロックボルトの製造方法は、本発明のロックボルトを製造する方法であって、前記軸部の外形状と外周サイズを有する棒鋼材の一方の端部に、熱間鍛造で前記首部と前記頭部を形成することを特徴とする。
これによれば、首部と頭部を軸部と同一材料から形成することができることに加え、首部と頭部に、軸部から連続した熱間鍛造による鍛流線が形成された、内部組織が均質の材料構造、粘りの増した靭性に富む材料構造とすることができる。更に、首部と頭部には、雄ねじの形成等による結晶構造の欠損が無いことから、内部組織が均質の材料構造、粘りの増した靭性に富む材料構造を軸部から連続して首部と頭部の全体で確保することができる。従って、ロックボルトの高強度、高耐力を全長に亘ってより確実に発揮することができる。また、熱間鍛造の製造により、迅速且つ安価に本発明のロックボルトを製造することができる。
The method for manufacturing a lock bolt of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a lock bolt of the present invention, in which one end of a steel bar having an outer shape and an outer peripheral size of the shaft portion is hot forged with the neck portion. It is characterized by forming the head.
According to this, in addition to being able to form the neck and head from the same material as the shaft, the internal structure in which forging lines are formed on the neck and head by continuous hot forging from the shaft. It is possible to have a homogeneous material structure and a material structure with increased toughness and high toughness. Furthermore, since there is no crystal structure defect in the neck and head due to the formation of male threads, etc., a material structure with a uniform internal structure and a material structure with increased toughness and high toughness are continuously formed from the shaft to the neck and head. It can be secured in the whole department. Therefore, the high strength and high proof stress of the lock bolt can be more reliably exhibited over the entire length. Further, by manufacturing hot forging, the lock bolt of the present invention can be manufactured quickly and inexpensively.

本発明のロックボルトの施工方法は、本発明のロックボルトを施工する方法であって、前記ロックボルトの前記軸部に先端側から支圧プレートを外挿する第1工程と、前記支圧プレートを前記首部の先端で押すように前記ロックボルトを地山に打設する第2工程を備えることを特徴とする。
これによれば、支圧プレートを地山或いは吹付コンクリートに密着させるまでナット締めをする必要が無く、ロックボルトを押し込むように移動するだけでロックボルトを打設することができることから、施工作業を容易化することができる。また、ロックボルトの軸部の先端付近に支圧プレートを外挿するだけで施工可能であることから、ロックボルトに打撃力を加えて押し込むタイプの打設機を備える打設機構に支圧プレートを干渉させずにセットすることができ、この種の打設機による機械施工を行うこともできる。
The method for constructing the lock bolt of the present invention is the method for constructing the lock bolt of the present invention, in which the first step of externally inserting the bearing plate from the tip side onto the shaft portion of the lock bolt, and the bearing plate. It is characterized by comprising a second step of driving the lock bolt into the ground so as to push the lock bolt with the tip of the neck portion.
According to this, it is not necessary to tighten the nut until the bearing plate is in close contact with the ground or sprayed concrete, and the lock bolt can be driven simply by pushing the lock bolt. It can be facilitated. In addition, since it can be installed by simply extrapolating the bearing plate near the tip of the shaft of the lock bolt, the bearing plate is installed in the driving mechanism equipped with a driving machine that pushes the lock bolt with a striking force. Can be set without interfering with each other, and machine construction using this type of casting machine can also be performed.

本発明の地山補強構造は、本発明のロックボルトが打設される地山補強構造であって、前記軸部に外挿された前記支圧プレートが、前記首部の先端と、地山若しくは吹付コンクリートの被打設面との間に介在する状態で、前記ロックボルトが地山に打設されていることを特徴とする。
これによれば、地山補強構造で打設されたロックボルトにおいて、支圧プレートに当接する首部の後側でフランジ状に突出する頭部に引抜試験治具を取り付けることにより、ナットの取り外しと再度の締め付けの作業を行わずに、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができる。また、地山補強構造で打設されたロックボルトでは頭部が首部に対してフランジ状に突出していることから、引抜試験治具の取り付けを容易に行うことができる。また、全長に亘って高強度、高耐力を発揮するロックボルトが打設された地山補強構造を得ることができる。
The ground reinforcement structure of the present invention is a ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt of the present invention is placed, and the bearing plate externally attached to the shaft portion is attached to the tip of the neck portion and the ground or the ground. The rock bolt is placed in the ground in a state of being interposed between the sprayed concrete and the surface to be placed.
According to this, in the lock bolt driven by the ground reinforcement structure, the nut can be removed by attaching a pull-out test jig to the head protruding like a flange on the rear side of the neck that abuts on the bearing plate. The pull-out test can be easily performed without performing the tightening work again. Further, since the head of the lock bolt driven by the ground reinforcement structure protrudes in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion, the extraction test jig can be easily attached. In addition, it is possible to obtain a ground reinforcement structure in which rock bolts exhibiting high strength and high yield strength are placed over the entire length.

本発明の引抜試験方法は、本発明の地山補強構造で打設されている前記ロックボルトの引抜試験方法であって、打設された状態の前記ロックボルトの前記頭部に引抜試験治具を係合して取り付ける第1工程と、前記引抜試験治具を介して前記頭部に引抜方向の力を加え、前記ロックボルトの引抜耐力を認識する第2工程を備えることを特徴とする。
これによれば、打設された状態のロックボルトの頭部に引抜試験治具を係合して取り付けるだけで、ナットの取り外し作業を行わずに、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができる。また、引抜試験完了後には、引抜試験治具を頭部から取り外すだけで簡単に原状復帰することができ、ナットの再度の締め付けの作業を不要にすることができる。
The pull-out test method of the present invention is a pull-out test method of the lock bolt placed in the ground reinforcement structure of the present invention, and a pull-out test jig is applied to the head of the lock bolt in a driven state. It is characterized by including a first step of engaging and attaching the lock bolt, and a second step of applying a force in the pulling direction to the head through the pulling test jig and recognizing the pulling strength of the lock bolt.
According to this, the pull-out test can be easily performed without removing the nut by simply engaging and attaching the pull-out test jig to the head of the rock bolt in the driven state. Further, after the extraction test is completed, the extraction test jig can be easily restored to the original state by simply removing it from the head, and the work of re-tightening the nut can be eliminated.

本発明のロックボルトによれば、引抜試験を行う際のナットの取り外しと再度の締め付けの作業を無くすことができ、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができると共に、全長に亘って高強度、高耐力を発揮することができる。 According to the lock bolt of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the work of removing and re-tightening the nut when performing the pull-out test, the pull-out test can be easily performed, and the high strength and high yield strength are obtained over the entire length. Can be demonstrated.

(a)は本発明による実施形態のロックボルトの正面図、(b)はその左側面図、(c)はその右側面図。(A) is a front view of the lock bolt of the embodiment according to the present invention, (b) is a left side view thereof, and (c) is a right side view thereof. 実施形態のロックボルトの部分拡大斜視図。Partially enlarged perspective view of the lock bolt of the embodiment. (a)~(c)は実施形態のロックボルトの製造工程を説明する工程説明図。(A) to (c) are process explanatory views explaining the manufacturing process of the lock bolt of an embodiment. (a)~(d)は実施形態のロックボルトの施工工程を説明する工程説明図。(A) to (d) are process explanatory views explaining the construction process of the lock bolt of an embodiment. (a)は実施形態のロックボルトに引抜試験治具を差し込んだ状態を示す一部断面説明図、(b)は同図(a)のA-A断面説明図、(c)は実施形態のロックボルトに引抜試験治具を取り付けた状態を示す一部断面説明図、(d)は同図(c)のB-B断面説明図。(A) is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view showing a state in which a pull-out test jig is inserted into the lock bolt of the embodiment, (b) is a cross-sectional explanatory view of AA of the same figure (a), and (c) is the embodiment. A partial cross-sectional explanatory view showing a state in which the pull-out test jig is attached to the lock bolt, (d) is a BB cross-sectional explanatory view of the figure (c). 引抜試験治具の製造例を説明する説明図。Explanatory drawing explaining the manufacturing example of the drawing test jig. 実施形態のロックボルトを打設した地山補強構造におけるロックボルトに対する引抜試験を説明する一部断面説明図。Partial cross-sectional explanatory view explaining the pull-out test for the lock bolt in the ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt of the embodiment is placed. 一般的な構築途中のトンネルの説明図。Explanatory drawing of a general tunnel under construction. 一般的なロックボルトの定着メカニズムを説明する説明図。Explanatory drawing explaining the fixing mechanism of a general lock bolt.

〔実施形態のロックボルト〕
本発明による実施形態のロックボルト1は、金属材或いは棒鋼材である異形棒鋼から構成され、図1及び図2に示すように、異形棒鋼の形状である軸部2の打設方向の後側に首部3と頭部4が順に形成されている。首部3は、軸部2に対してフランジ状に突出して形成されており、本実施形態では、略短尺円柱状或いは略円板状で、異形棒鋼の軸部2の最大径で構成される外周の外径よりも大径で首部3が形成されていると共に、首部3は軸部2と同軸で形成されている。首部3は、その先端の先端面31が軸部2に外挿される後述の支圧プレート51を押すことが出来るように、即ち首部3の外径は支圧プレート51に形成された軸部2の挿通穴よりも大径をなすように設けられ、本実施形態における先端面31は平坦面になっている。
[Lock bolt of the embodiment]
The lock bolt 1 of the embodiment according to the present invention is made of a deformed steel bar which is a metal material or a steel bar material, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rear side of the shaft portion 2 which is the shape of the deformed steel bar in the driving direction. The neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are formed in order. The neck portion 3 is formed so as to project in a flange shape with respect to the shaft portion 2. In the present embodiment, the neck portion 3 has a substantially short columnar shape or a substantially disk shape, and has an outer circumference formed by the maximum diameter of the shaft portion 2 of the deformed steel bar. The neck portion 3 is formed to have a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 2, and the neck portion 3 is formed coaxially with the shaft portion 2. The neck portion 3 has a shaft portion 2 having an outer diameter of the neck portion 3 formed on the bearing plate 51 so that the tip surface 31 at the tip thereof can push the bearing plate 51 described later externally attached to the shaft portion 2. The tip surface 31 in the present embodiment is a flat surface, which is provided so as to have a diameter larger than that of the insertion hole.

頭部4は、首部3の後側に形成され、首部3に対して少なくとも一部がフランジ状に突出して形成されている。本実施形態における頭部4は、ロックボルト1の軸方向視で略楕円形の略楕円鍔状に形成されており、頭部4の略楕円形の短径は首部3の外径と略同一長さで形成されていると共に、その長径は首部3の外径よりも長く形成され、頭部4は長軸方向LAの一部が首部3に対してフランジ状に突設されている。長軸方向LAの片側における首部3の周面に対する頭部4の周面の一部の最大突出量は、例えば5mmなど3mm以上10mm以下とすると、所要の突出量を確保して後述する引抜試験治具の取り付けを容易にすることができると共に、頭部4を防水シートで覆って地山補強構造を構築する場合に頭部4の出っ張りを少なくして防水シートの引っ掛かりや破損を防止することができて好適である。また、本実施形態における頭部4は、ロックボルト1の軸方向における厚みが首部3の厚みよりも薄く形成されている。頭部4は、首部3及び軸部2と同軸で形成されている。 The head portion 4 is formed on the rear side of the neck portion 3, and at least a part thereof is formed so as to project in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion 3. The head 4 in the present embodiment is formed in a substantially elliptical elliptical collar shape in the axial direction of the lock bolt 1, and the substantially elliptical minor axis of the head 4 is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the neck 3. In addition to being formed in length, the major axis thereof is formed to be longer than the outer diameter of the neck portion 3, and the head portion 4 has a part of LA in the major axis direction projecting in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion 3. Assuming that the maximum protrusion amount of a part of the peripheral surface of the head 4 with respect to the peripheral surface of the neck portion 3 on one side in the long axis direction is 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less, for example, 5 mm, the required protrusion amount is secured and the extraction test described later is performed. It is possible to easily attach the jig, and when the head 4 is covered with a waterproof sheet to construct a ground reinforcement structure, the protrusion of the head 4 is reduced to prevent the waterproof sheet from being caught or damaged. Is suitable. Further, the head portion 4 in the present embodiment is formed so that the thickness of the lock bolt 1 in the axial direction is thinner than the thickness of the neck portion 3. The head portion 4 is formed coaxially with the neck portion 3 and the shaft portion 2.

更に、本実施形態のロックボルト1では、首部3と頭部4が軸部2と一体的に形成されており、軸部2の後側に熱間鍛造によって首部3と頭部4が一体的に形成されている。 Further, in the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment, the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed with the shaft portion 2, and the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed on the rear side of the shaft portion 2 by hot forging. Is formed in.

軸部2の後側に熱間鍛造によって首部3と頭部4が一体的に形成された本実施形態のロックボルト1を製造する場合、素材として軸部2の外形状と外周サイズを有す棒状の金属材或いは棒鋼材が用いられ、例えば図3(a)に示す異形棒鋼1mが用いられる。異形棒鋼1mは高張力の異形棒鋼とすると好適であり、JIS G3112に規定された高張力異形棒鋼とするとより好適である。 When manufacturing the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment in which the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed on the rear side of the shaft portion 2 by hot forging, the outer shape and outer circumference size of the shaft portion 2 are provided as a material. A bar-shaped metal material or a bar steel material is used, and for example, the deformed bar steel 1 m shown in FIG. 3A is used. The deformed steel bar 1 m is preferably a high-tensile deformed steel bar, and more preferably a high-tensile deformed steel bar specified in JIS G3112.

そして、上型と下型など一対の鍛造型61、62を少し拡げた状態にして高熱に加熱した異形棒鋼1mを鍛造型61、62の間に挿入し、鍛造型61、62に対して挿入側と逆側に異形棒鋼1mの一方の端部を所定長だけ突出させた状態に配置し、鍛造型61、62で強固に挟み込む(図3(a)参照)。この一対の鍛造型61、62の異形棒鋼1mの突出側寄りの内部には、型内空間63が設けられており、型内空間63は、首部3に対応する形状とサイズの部分と、頭部4に対応する形状で且つ頭部4の厚みよりも2~3mm程度深いサイズの部分を有する。 Then, a pair of forging molds 61 and 62 such as an upper mold and a lower mold are slightly expanded, and 1 m of deformed steel bar heated to high heat is inserted between the forging molds 61 and 62 and inserted into the forging molds 61 and 62. One end of the deformed steel bar 1 m is placed on the opposite side to the side so as to protrude by a predetermined length, and is firmly sandwiched between the forging dies 61 and 62 (see FIG. 3A). An in-mold space 63 is provided inside the pair of forged molds 61 and 62 near the protruding side of the deformed steel bars 1 m, and the in-mold space 63 has a portion having a shape and size corresponding to the neck portion 3 and a head. It has a portion having a shape corresponding to the portion 4 and having a size about 2 to 3 mm deeper than the thickness of the head 4.

その後、異形棒鋼1mを突出側から型内空間63に2乃至3mm程度入り込むパンチ64で押し潰して熱間鍛造を行う。この熱間鍛造によって異形棒鋼1mの一方の端部に首部3と頭部4を一体的に形成、換言すれば軸部2の後側に熱間鍛造によって首部3と頭部4を一体的に形成する(図3(b)参照)。首部3と頭部4の形成後には、パンチ64を撤退させると共に一対の鍛造型61、62を開いて脱型し、パンチ64が撤退した方向に突出した不要なバリ65を取り除くことにより、本実施形態のロックボルト1を得る(図3(b)、(c)参照)。尚、本実施形態のロックボルト1を熱間鍛造で形成する場合の熱間鍛造は、本発明の趣旨の範囲内で適宜であり、例えば鍛造型を用いない自由鍛造の熱間鍛造とすることも可能である。 After that, 1 m of the deformed steel bar is crushed by a punch 64 that enters the inner space 63 of the mold by about 2 to 3 mm from the protruding side, and hot forging is performed. By this hot forging, the neck 3 and the head 4 are integrally formed at one end of the deformed steel bar 1 m, in other words, the neck 3 and the head 4 are integrally formed on the rear side of the shaft 2 by hot forging. Form (see FIG. 3 (b)). After the formation of the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4, the punch 64 is withdrawn and the pair of forging molds 61 and 62 are opened to remove the die, and the unnecessary burr 65 protruding in the direction in which the punch 64 is withdrawn is removed. Obtain the lock bolt 1 of the embodiment (see FIGS. 3 (b) and 3 (c)). The hot forging when the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment is formed by hot forging is appropriate within the scope of the purpose of the present invention, and is, for example, free forging without using a forging mold. Is also possible.

このように軸部2の後側に熱間鍛造によって首部3と頭部4が一体的に形成されたロックボルト1の例として、JIS G3112に規定された高張力異形棒鋼SD345で呼び径22mmのD22の異形棒鋼1mを素材とするロックボルト1では、引張強度133.5kNを得ることができた。これに対して、SD345、D22の同種の異形棒鋼で一方の端部に雄ねじのねじ部が形成されたロックボルトの場合には、ねじ部が引張強度、降伏点の制約、ボトルネックとなり、引張強度は105kNであった。そのため、引張強度の規格値が120kNの場合、本実施形態のロックボルト1は規格値をクリアできるものの、SD345、D22の異形棒鋼による既存のロックボルトでは規格値をクリアすることができない。 As an example of the lock bolt 1 in which the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed on the rear side of the shaft portion 2 by hot forging, the high tension deformed steel bar SD345 specified in JIS G3112 has a nominal diameter of 22 mm. With the lock bolt 1 made of 1 m of deformed steel bar of D22, a tensile strength of 133.5 kN could be obtained. On the other hand, in the case of a lock bolt having a male threaded thread formed on one end of the same type of deformed steel bars of SD345 and D22, the threaded portion becomes a tensile strength, a constraint on the yield point, a bottleneck, and tension. The intensity was 105 kN. Therefore, when the standard value of the tensile strength is 120 kN, the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment can clear the standard value, but the existing lock bolt made of the deformed steel bars of SD345 and D22 cannot clear the standard value.

SD345で呼び径25mmのD25の異形棒鋼で一方の端部に雄ねじのねじ部が形成された既存のロックボルトの場合には、引張強度122kNが得られ、規格値120kNをクリアすることはできる。しかしながら、引張強度の規格値が120kNをクリアするために、大径でサイズが大きく、重量の重いロックボルトを使用する必要があり、ロックボルト1を打設する際の穿孔の削孔径も大きく形成する必要がある。本実施形態のロックボルト1を用いれば、より小径で軽量なロックボルト1で引張強度の規格値をクリアすることができると共に、ロックボルト1を打設する際の穿孔の削孔径をより小さくでき、ロックボルト1を打設する施工作業を容易化することができる。 In the case of an existing lock bolt having a male threaded portion formed on one end of a D25 deformed steel bar having a nominal diameter of 25 mm on SD345, a tensile strength of 122 kN can be obtained and the standard value of 120 kN can be cleared. However, in order to clear the standard value of tensile strength of 120 kN, it is necessary to use a lock bolt with a large diameter, a large size, and a heavy weight, and a large drilling diameter is formed when the lock bolt 1 is placed. There is a need to. If the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment is used, the standard value of the tensile strength can be cleared by the lock bolt 1 having a smaller diameter and lighter weight, and the drilling diameter of the drilling when driving the lock bolt 1 can be made smaller. , The construction work for placing the lock bolt 1 can be facilitated.

次に、本実施形態のロックボルト1の施工工程について説明する。ロックボルト1を施工する際には、図4(a)、(b)に示すように、ロックボルト1の軸部2に打設方向の先端側から貫通穴を有する支圧プレート51を外挿し、必要に応じてロックボルト1を打設し易くするために先端が略山形の樹脂製等のキャップ52を軸部2の先端部に外嵌する。支圧プレート51はロックボルト1の首部3に近づけるように移動せずとも良く、支圧プレート51は軸部2の先端面の付近或いは先端面寄りに配置して外挿した状態とする。尚、必要に応じて、キャップ52を軸部2に外嵌する構成に代え、軸部2の先端を略山形に形成する構成等としてもよい。また、地山10、或いは地山10と吹付コンクリート11には予め穿孔12を形成し、穿孔12内に図示省略するモルタル等の定着材を予め注入しておく。 Next, the construction process of the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment will be described. When constructing the lock bolt 1, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, a bearing plate 51 having a through hole is externally inserted into the shaft portion 2 of the lock bolt 1 from the tip end side in the driving direction. If necessary, a cap 52 made of resin having a substantially chevron-shaped tip is fitted onto the tip of the shaft 2 so that the lock bolt 1 can be easily placed. The bearing plate 51 does not have to be moved so as to be close to the neck 3 of the lock bolt 1, and the bearing plate 51 is placed near the tip surface of the shaft portion 2 or near the tip surface and externally inserted. If necessary, instead of the configuration in which the cap 52 is externally fitted to the shaft portion 2, a configuration in which the tip of the shaft portion 2 is formed in a substantially chevron shape may be used. Further, a perforation 12 is formed in advance in the ground 10 or the ground 10 and the sprayed concrete 11, and a fixing material such as mortar (not shown) is previously injected into the perforation 12.

そして、図4(c)に示すように、ガイドセル71に沿ってスライド移動する押し込み式の打設機72でロックボルト1の後端部を保持し、打設機72を地山10に向かって前進させ、定着材が注入されている穿孔12に先端部側或いはキャップ52側からロックボルト1を押し込んでいく。ロックボルト1の押し込みは、首部3の先端面31で支圧プレート51を押しながら行い、支圧プレート51が首部3の先端と地山10或いは吹付コンクリート11の被打設面(地山10の表面或いは吹付コンクリート11の表面)との間に介在するように、望ましくは支圧プレート51が被打設面に密着するまで首部3を介してロックボルト1を押し込んで、地山10に打設する(図4(d))。即ち、この施工工程で構築された地山補強構造では、軸部2に外挿された支圧プレート51が首部3の先端と地山10或いは吹付コンクリート11の被打設面との間に介在して、地山10が押し出してきたときに支圧プレート51が押し出し力を受けることが出来るように、ロックボルト1が地山10に打設される。 Then, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the rear end portion of the lock bolt 1 is held by the push-in type driving machine 72 that slides and moves along the guide cell 71, and the driving machine 72 is directed toward the ground 10. The lock bolt 1 is pushed into the perforation 12 into which the fixing material is injected from the tip end side or the cap 52 side. The lock bolt 1 is pushed in while pushing the bearing plate 51 on the tip surface 31 of the neck 3, and the bearing plate 51 pushes the tip of the neck 3 and the ground 10 or the cast surface of the sprayed concrete 11 (the ground 10). The lock bolt 1 is pushed through the neck portion 3 until the bearing plate 51 is in close contact with the surface to be placed so as to be interposed between the surface or the surface of the sprayed concrete 11 and placed on the ground 10. (Fig. 4 (d)). That is, in the ground reinforcement structure constructed in this construction process, the bearing plate 51 extrapolated to the shaft portion 2 is interposed between the tip of the neck portion 3 and the ground surface 10 or the cast surface of the sprayed concrete 11. Then, the lock bolt 1 is driven into the ground 10 so that the bearing plate 51 can receive the pushing force when the ground 10 is pushed out.

次に、本実施形態のロックボルト1に対する引抜試験について説明する。引抜試験では、ロックボルト1の頭部4に係合して取り付けられる引抜試験治具8が用いられる(図5参照)。図示例の引抜試験治具8は、略円柱状の短尺柱状の外形を有し、軸方向の一方の端部から後述するテンションロッド92を着脱可能に螺着して接続するための接続穴81が有底穴状で形成されている。 Next, a pull-out test for the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment will be described. In the pull-out test, a pull-out test jig 8 attached by engaging with the head portion 4 of the lock bolt 1 is used (see FIG. 5). The extraction test jig 8 of the illustrated example has a substantially columnar short columnar outer shape, and is a connection hole 81 for detachably screwing and connecting a tension rod 92 described later from one end in the axial direction. Is formed in the shape of a bottomed hole.

引抜試験治具8の軸方向の他方の端部には、ロックボルト1の頭部4の軸方向視における略楕円形と略同一形状の略楕円形であり、且つ頭部4の略楕円形状よりも僅かにサイズが大きい挿通穴82が形成されている。引抜試験治具8の挿通穴82の奥側には略円形或いは略円盤状の係合溝83が形成されており、挿通穴82と係合溝83は連通して形成されている。係合溝83の内径は、挿通穴82の長径と略同一長さで形成されている。 The other end of the extraction test jig 8 in the axial direction has a substantially elliptical shape having substantially the same shape as the substantially elliptical shape of the head 4 of the lock bolt 1 in the axial direction, and a substantially elliptical shape of the head 4. The insertion hole 82, which is slightly larger in size than the above, is formed. A substantially circular or substantially disk-shaped engaging groove 83 is formed on the inner side of the insertion hole 82 of the extraction test jig 8, and the insertion hole 82 and the engaging groove 83 are formed so as to communicate with each other. The inner diameter of the engaging groove 83 is formed to have substantially the same length as the major axis of the insertion hole 82.

図示例の引抜試験治具8は、略楕円形の挿通穴82の長軸方向と略楕円形の頭部4の長軸方向を合わせるように配置して、略楕円形の挿通穴82をロックボルト1の略楕円形の頭部4に外挿し、更に、略円形の係合溝83を略楕円形の頭部4に外挿する。そして、引抜試験治具8を周方向に約90度回転させて、頭部4が係合溝83に配置されている状態で係合溝83を頭部4に対して相対的に約90度回転させ、ロックボルト1の略楕円形の頭部4の長軸方向に対して略楕円形の挿通穴82の短軸方向が対応して配置させることにより、引抜試験治具8がロックボルト1の頭部4に着脱可能で且つ軸方向に離脱しないように係合して取り付けられる(図5(c)、(d)参照)。図5中、84は引抜試験治具8の回転動作の目印となるマークである。 The extraction test jig 8 of the illustrated example is arranged so that the major axis direction of the substantially elliptical insertion hole 82 and the major axis direction of the substantially elliptical head 4 are aligned, and the substantially elliptical insertion hole 82 is locked. It is externally attached to the substantially elliptical head 4 of the bolt 1, and further, the substantially circular engaging groove 83 is externally attached to the substantially elliptical head 4. Then, the extraction test jig 8 is rotated about 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, and the engagement groove 83 is placed at about 90 degrees relative to the head 4 in a state where the head 4 is arranged in the engagement groove 83. By rotating and arranging the substantially elliptical insertion hole 82 in the minor axis direction corresponding to the major axis direction of the substantially elliptical head 4 of the lock bolt 1, the extraction test jig 8 is arranged with the lock bolt 1 It is detachable and attached to the head 4 of the head 4 so as not to be detached in the axial direction (see FIGS. 5 (c) and 5 (d)). In FIG. 5, 84 is a mark that serves as a mark for the rotational operation of the extraction test jig 8.

この引抜試験治具8は、例えば図6に示すように、接続穴81と係合溝83が形成された中間材85mと、略楕円形の挿通穴82が形成された中間材86mを摩擦圧接等で接合して形成してもよく、或いは、略円柱形の素材に、接続穴81、挿通穴82、係合溝83を中ぐり加工して形成してもよい。また、本実施形態のロックボルト1に対する引抜試験で用いる引抜試験治具は、接続穴81が形成される構成ではなく、接続穴81の開口に対応する部位にテンションロッドが接合されている構成のものとしてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 6, for example, the extraction test jig 8 friction-welds an intermediate material 85 m in which a connection hole 81 and an engagement groove 83 are formed and an intermediate material 86 m in which a substantially elliptical insertion hole 82 is formed. It may be formed by joining with or the like, or it may be formed by boring a connection hole 81, an insertion hole 82, and an engagement groove 83 in a substantially cylindrical material. Further, the extraction test jig used in the extraction test for the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment does not have a configuration in which a connection hole 81 is formed, but a configuration in which a tension rod is joined to a portion corresponding to the opening of the connection hole 81. It may be a jig.

地山補強構造で打設された状態のロックボルト1に対して引抜試験を行う際には、例えば図7に示すように、地山10の表面に沿って吹付コンクリート11が打設され、吹付コンクリート11と地山10に削孔された穿孔12にロックボルト1が打設され、穿孔12内の定着材13でロックボルト1が定着されている地盤補強構造において、打設されたロックボルト1の頭部4に引抜試験治具8を上述のように係合して取り付ける。図示例では、ロックボルト1の首部3の先端面31で吹付コンクリート11に当接している支圧プレート51に載置するようにして引抜試験用反力台座91のベースプレート911が設けられている。この引抜試験用反力台座91はロックボルト1の頭部4に取り付けられた引抜試験治具8を収容し、接続穴81に螺着されるテンションロッド92が挿通自在な貫通穴を有するキャップ状を呈している。引抜試験治具8は、ロックボルト1の首部3が挿通穴82に配置され、頭部4が係合溝83に配置された状態で、ロックボルト1に係合して取り付けられている。 When performing a pull-out test on the lock bolt 1 in the state of being cast in the ground reinforcement structure, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, the sprayed concrete 11 is cast and sprayed along the surface of the ground 10. In the ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt 1 is placed in the drilling 12 drilled in the concrete 11 and the ground 10 and the lock bolt 1 is fixed by the fixing material 13 in the drilling 12, the placed lock bolt 1 is placed. The extraction test jig 8 is engaged with and attached to the head portion 4 as described above. In the illustrated example, the base plate 911 of the reaction force pedestal 91 for the pull-out test is provided so as to be placed on the bearing plate 51 which is in contact with the sprayed concrete 11 at the tip surface 31 of the neck portion 3 of the lock bolt 1. The pull-out test reaction force pedestal 91 accommodates the pull-out test jig 8 attached to the head 4 of the lock bolt 1, and has a cap shape having a through hole through which the tension rod 92 screwed into the connection hole 81 can be inserted. Is presented. The pull-out test jig 8 is attached by engaging with the lock bolt 1 in a state where the neck portion 3 of the lock bolt 1 is arranged in the insertion hole 82 and the head portion 4 is arranged in the engaging groove 83.

引抜試験治具8の接続穴81にはテンションロッド92を螺着し、地山10と逆側に引抜試験治具8から突出するテンションロッド92の部分には、センターホールジャッキ93、引抜試験用測定板94を外挿するように設け、テンションロッド92に引抜試験用押さえナット95を螺合して、引抜試験用測定板94の地山10と逆側への移動を規制する。 A tension rod 92 is screwed into the connection hole 81 of the pull-out test jig 8, and a center hole jack 93 and a pull-out test are used in the portion of the tension rod 92 protruding from the pull-out test jig 8 on the opposite side of the ground 10. The measuring plate 94 is provided so as to be extrapolated, and the pull-out test holding nut 95 is screwed into the tension rod 92 to restrict the movement of the pull-out test measuring plate 94 to the opposite side to the ground 10.

そして、センターホールジャッキ93の伸長方向の加圧により、引抜試験用測定板94、引抜試験用押さえナット95を介してテンションロッド92に引抜力を載荷する。これにより、引抜試験用反力台座91から反力を得て、テンションロッド92、引抜試験治具8を介して頭部4からロックボルト1に引抜方向の力が加えられる。このようにロックボルト1に引抜力を載荷して、載荷荷重からロックボルト1に加えられた軸力を算出すると共に、引抜試験用測定板94の変位を測定することにより、ロックボルト1の伸びを認識し、ロックボルト1の引抜耐力、伸びを認識する。ロックボルト1の引抜耐力、伸びの認識は、相互の対応関係データを記憶部に格納するパーソナルコンピュータ、スマートフォン或いは専用端末等のコンピュータ装置で算出させ、出力部で出力するようにすると好適である。 Then, by pressurizing the center hole jack 93 in the extension direction, the pulling force is loaded on the tension rod 92 via the pulling test measuring plate 94 and the pulling test holding nut 95. As a result, a reaction force is obtained from the pull-out test reaction force pedestal 91, and a pull-out direction force is applied from the head 4 to the lock bolt 1 via the tension rod 92 and the pull-out test jig 8. By loading the pull-out force on the lock bolt 1 in this way, calculating the axial force applied to the lock bolt 1 from the load, and measuring the displacement of the pull-out test measuring plate 94, the elongation of the lock bolt 1 is extended. Is recognized, and the pull-out strength and elongation of the lock bolt 1 are recognized. It is preferable that the pull-out proof stress and elongation recognition of the lock bolt 1 are calculated by a computer device such as a personal computer, a smartphone or a dedicated terminal that stores the mutual correspondence data in the storage unit, and output by the output unit.

本実施形態のロックボルト1やロックボルト1を打設する地盤補強構造によれば、支圧プレート51を押圧する首部3の後側でフランジ状に突出する頭部4に引抜試験治具8を取り付けることにより、ナットの取り外しと再度の締め付けの作業を行わずに、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができる。また、頭部4が首部3に対してフランジ状に突出していることから、引抜試験治具8の取り付けを容易に行うことができる。また、ナットを螺合する雄ねじの形成が不要で、軸部2よりも局所的に強度が劣る箇所を形成する必要が無いことから、ロックボルト1の全長に亘って高強度、高耐力を発揮することができる。 According to the lock bolt 1 and the ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt 1 is placed according to the present embodiment, the extraction test jig 8 is attached to the head portion 4 protruding in a flange shape on the rear side of the neck portion 3 that presses the bearing plate 51. By attaching it, the pull-out test can be easily performed without removing the nut and tightening it again. Further, since the head portion 4 projects in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion 3, the extraction test jig 8 can be easily attached. Further, since it is not necessary to form a male screw for screwing the nut and it is not necessary to form a portion locally inferior in strength to the shaft portion 2, high strength and high yield strength are exhibited over the entire length of the lock bolt 1. can do.

また、ロックボルト1の頭部4を略楕円鍔状に形成することにより、引抜試験治具8の略楕円形の挿通穴82に頭部4を挿入し、挿通穴82の後側の略円形の係合溝83で頭部4を相対的に回転することにより、頭部4と引抜試験治具8の取り付けを非常に容易に行うことができる。 Further, by forming the head 4 of the lock bolt 1 into a substantially elliptical flange shape, the head 4 is inserted into the substantially elliptical insertion hole 82 of the extraction test jig 8, and the head 4 is inserted into the substantially elliptical insertion hole 82, and the rear side of the insertion hole 82 is substantially circular. By rotating the head 4 relatively in the engaging groove 83 of the above, the head 4 and the extraction test jig 8 can be attached very easily.

また、軸部2の外形状と外周サイズを有する棒鋼材の一方の端部に、熱間鍛造で首部3と頭部4を形成してロックボルト1を製造する場合には、首部3と頭部4を軸部2と同一材料から形成することができることに加え、首部3と頭部4に、軸部から連続した熱間鍛造による鍛流線が形成された、内部組織が均質の材料構造、粘りの増した靭性に富む材料構造とすることができる。更に、首部3と頭部4には、雄ねじの形成等による結晶構造の欠損が無いことから、内部組織が均質の材料構造、粘りの増した靭性に富む材料構造を軸部から連続して首部3と頭部4の全体で確保することができる。従って、ロックボルト1の高強度、高耐力を全長に亘ってより確実に発揮することができる。また、熱間鍛造の製造により、迅速且つ安価にロックボルト1を製造することができる。 Further, when the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are formed by hot forging on one end of the steel bar having the outer shape and the outer peripheral size of the shaft portion 2 to manufacture the lock bolt 1, the neck portion 3 and the head portion 3 and the head portion 3 are formed. In addition to being able to form the portion 4 from the same material as the shaft portion 2, a material structure having a uniform internal structure in which forging lines are formed on the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 by continuous hot forging from the shaft portion. It is possible to obtain a material structure with increased toughness and high toughness. Further, since the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 do not have a defect in the crystal structure due to the formation of male threads or the like, a material structure having a uniform internal structure and a material structure having increased toughness and abundant toughness are continuously formed from the shaft portion. It can be secured by the whole of 3 and the head 4. Therefore, the high strength and high proof stress of the lock bolt 1 can be more reliably exhibited over the entire length. Further, by manufacturing hot forging, the lock bolt 1 can be manufactured quickly and inexpensively.

また、本実施形態のロックボルト1の施工方法では、支圧プレート51を地山10或いは吹付コンクリート11に押し付けるようにナット締めをする必要が無く、ロックボルト1を押し込むように移動するだけでロックボルト1を打設することができることから、施工作業を容易化することができる。また、ロックボルト1の軸部2の先端付近に支圧プレート51を外挿するだけで施工可能であることから、ロックボルト1に打撃力を加えて押し込むタイプの打設機72を備える打設機構に支圧プレート51を干渉させずにセットすることができ、この種の打設機による機械施工を行うこともできる。 Further, in the method of constructing the lock bolt 1 of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to tighten the nut so as to press the bearing plate 51 against the ground 10 or the sprayed concrete 11, and the lock bolt 1 is simply moved by pushing the lock bolt 1. Since the bolt 1 can be placed, the construction work can be facilitated. Further, since the work can be performed only by extrapolating the bearing plate 51 near the tip of the shaft portion 2 of the lock bolt 1, a driving machine 72 of a type that pushes the lock bolt 1 by applying a striking force is provided. The bearing plate 51 can be set without interfering with the mechanism, and machine construction using this type of driving machine can also be performed.

また、ロックボルト1が打設された地盤補強構造において行うロックボルト1の引抜試験では、打設された状態のロックボルト1の頭部4に引抜試験治具8を係合して取り付けるだけで、ナットの取り外し作業を行わずに、簡単に引抜試験を行うことができる。また、引抜試験完了後には、引抜試験治具8を頭部4から取り外すだけで簡単に原状復帰することができ、ナットの再度の締め付けの作業を不要にすることができる。 Further, in the pull-out test of the lock bolt 1 performed in the ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt 1 is placed, it is only necessary to engage and attach the pull-out test jig 8 to the head portion 4 of the lock bolt 1 in the driven state. , The pull-out test can be easily performed without removing the nut. Further, after the extraction test is completed, the extraction test jig 8 can be easily restored to the original state by simply removing the extraction test jig 8 from the head 4, and the work of re-tightening the nut can be eliminated.

〔本明細書開示発明の包含範囲〕
本明細書開示の発明は、発明として列記した各発明、実施形態の他に、適用可能な範囲で、これらの部分的な内容を本明細書開示の他の内容に変更して特定したもの、或いはこれらの内容に本明細書開示の他の内容を付加して特定したもの、或いはこれらの部分的な内容を部分的な作用効果が得られる限度で削除して上位概念化して特定したものを包含する。そして、本明細書開示の発明には下記内容や変形例も含まれる。
[Scope of inclusion of the invention disclosed in the present specification]
The invention disclosed in the present specification is specified by changing the partial contents thereof to other contents disclosed in the present specification to the extent applicable, in addition to the inventions and embodiments listed as inventions. Alternatively, those specified by adding other contents disclosed in the present specification to these contents, or those specified by deleting these partial contents to the extent that a partial action and effect can be obtained and making them into a higher concept. Include. The invention disclosed in the present specification also includes the following contents and modifications.

例えば本発明のロックボルトは、上記実施形態のように首部3と頭部4を軸部2に熱間鍛造で一体的に形成した構成とすると好適であるが、本発明のロックボルトには、例えば軸部2と同一形状で同一サイズの棒鋼材の一方の端面に、首部3と頭部4が順次溶接等で接合される構成、若しくは、首部3と頭部4の一体成形体が溶接等で接合される構成も含まれ、又、軸部2と首部3が一体的に形成された中間材における首部3の後端面に頭部4が溶接等で接合される構成も含まれ、又、例えば首部3と頭部4を軸部2に冷間鍛造など熱間鍛造以外で一体的に形成された構成も含まれる。 For example, the lock bolt of the present invention is preferably configured such that the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed on the shaft portion 2 by hot forging as in the above embodiment. For example, the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are sequentially joined to one end surface of a steel bar having the same shape and the same size as the shaft portion 2 by welding or the like, or the integrally molded body of the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 is welded or the like. Also included is a configuration in which the head portion 4 is joined to the rear end surface of the neck portion 3 in an intermediate material in which the shaft portion 2 and the neck portion 3 are integrally formed by welding or the like. For example, a configuration in which the neck portion 3 and the head portion 4 are integrally formed on the shaft portion 2 by other than hot forging such as cold forging is also included.

また、本発明のロックボルトには、首部の後側に首部に対して少なくとも一部がフランジ状に突出する頭部が形成される適宜の構成が含まれ、例えば頭部の全体が全周に亘って首部に対してフランジ状に突出する構成も含まれる。また、首部に対して少なくとも一部がフランジ状に突出する頭部を形成する場合の頭部の形状は略楕円鍔状以外のものとすることも可能である。 Further, the lock bolt of the present invention includes an appropriate configuration in which a head having at least a part protruding like a flange with respect to the neck is formed on the rear side of the neck. A configuration is also included in which a flange-like protrusion is provided with respect to the neck portion. Further, the shape of the head when forming a head in which at least a part of the head protrudes in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion can be a shape other than a substantially elliptical flange shape.

また、上記実施形態のロックボルト1の施工において、首部3の先端面31で支圧プレート51を押圧する押し込むロックボルト1の打設は、打設機72等で自動的に押し込んで打設するようにすると良好であるが、人力で押し込んで打設、施工することも可能である。 Further, in the construction of the lock bolt 1 of the above embodiment, the locking bolt 1 that presses the bearing plate 51 on the tip surface 31 of the neck portion 3 is automatically pushed and driven by the driving machine 72 or the like. It is good to do so, but it is also possible to push it in manually to place and construct it.

本発明は、例えばトンネルで打設するロックボルト、斜面に打設するロックボルト等に利用することができる。 The present invention can be used, for example, for a lock bolt to be driven in a tunnel, a lock bolt to be driven on a slope, and the like.

1…ロックボルト 1m…異形棒鋼 2…軸部 3…首部 31…先端面 4…頭部 51…支圧プレート 52…キャップ 61、62…鍛造型 63…型内空間 64…パンチ 65…バリ 71…ガイドセル 72…打設機 8…引抜試験治具 81…接続穴 82…挿通穴 83…係合溝 84…マーク 85m、86m…中間材 91…引抜試験用反力台座 911…ベースプレート 92…テンションロッド 93…センターホールジャッキ 94…引抜試験用測定板 95…引抜試験用押さえナット 10…地山 11…吹付コンクリート 12…穿孔 13…定着材 LA…長軸方向 101…トンネルの掘削面 102…吹付コンクリート 103…地山 104…ロックボルト 105…定着材 106…支圧プレート 107…雄ねじ 108…ナット 109…アーチ構造 110…トンネル空間 T…軸力 F…地山が押し出してこようとする力
1 ... Rock bolt 1m ... Deformed steel bar 2 ... Shaft part 3 ... Neck 31 ... Tip surface 4 ... Head 51 ... Support plate 52 ... Cap 61, 62 ... Forging mold 63 ... Mold inner space 64 ... Punch 65 ... Bali 71 ... Guide cell 72 ... Forging machine 8 ... Extraction test jig 81 ... Connection hole 82 ... Insertion hole 83 ... Engagement groove 84 ... Mark 85m, 86m ... Intermediate material 91 ... Reaction force pedestal for extraction test 911 ... Base plate 92 ... Tension rod 93 ... Center hole jack 94 ... Measuring plate for extraction test 95 ... Holding nut for extraction test 10 ... Ground 11 ... Sprayed concrete 12 ... Drilling 13 ... Fixing material LA ... Long axis direction 101 ... Excavation surface of tunnel 102 ... Sprayed concrete 103 … Jig 104… Lock bolt 105… Fixing material 106… Support plate 107… Male screw 108… Nut 109… Arch structure 110… Tunnel space T… Axial force F… Force that the ground tries to push out

Claims (6)

軸部の打設方向における後側に前記軸部に対してフランジ状に突出する首部が形成され、
前記首部の先端が前記軸部に外挿される支圧プレートを押圧可能に設けられていると共に、
前記首部の後側に前記首部に対して少なくとも一部がフランジ状に突出する頭部が形成されていることを特徴とするロックボルト。
A neck portion is formed on the rear side of the shaft portion in the driving direction so as to project in a flange shape with respect to the shaft portion.
The tip of the neck portion is provided so as to be able to press the bearing plate externally attached to the shaft portion, and is also provided.
A lock bolt characterized in that a head portion is formed on the rear side of the neck portion so that at least a part thereof protrudes in a flange shape with respect to the neck portion.
前記頭部が略楕円鍔状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のロックボルト。 The lock bolt according to claim 1, wherein the head is formed in a substantially elliptical collar shape. 請求項1又は2記載のロックボルトの製造方法であって、
前記軸部の外形状と外周サイズを有する棒鋼材の一方の端部に、熱間鍛造で前記首部と前記頭部を形成することを特徴とするロックボルトの製造方法。
The method for manufacturing a lock bolt according to claim 1 or 2.
A method for manufacturing a lock bolt, which comprises forming the neck portion and the head portion by hot forging on one end portion of a steel bar having an outer shape and an outer peripheral size of the shaft portion.
請求項1又は2記載のロックボルトの施工方法であって、
前記ロックボルトの前記軸部に先端側から支圧プレートを外挿する第1工程と、
前記支圧プレートを前記首部の先端で押すように前記ロックボルトを地山に打設する第2工程を備えることを特徴とするロックボルトの施工方法。
The method for constructing a lock bolt according to claim 1 or 2.
The first step of extrapolating the bearing plate from the tip side to the shaft portion of the lock bolt, and
A method for constructing a lock bolt, which comprises a second step of driving the lock bolt into the ground so as to push the bearing plate with the tip of the neck portion.
請求項1又は2記載のロックボルトが打設される地山補強構造であって、
前記軸部に外挿された前記支圧プレートが、前記首部の先端と、地山若しくは吹付コンクリートの被打設面との間に介在する状態で、前記ロックボルトが地山に打設されていることを特徴とする地山補強構造。
A ground reinforcement structure in which the lock bolt according to claim 1 or 2 is placed.
The lock bolt is driven into the ground with the pressure supporting plate extrapolated to the shaft portion interposed between the tip of the neck and the ground or the cast surface of the sprayed concrete. A ground reinforcement structure characterized by being present.
請求項5の地山補強構造で打設されている前記ロックボルトの引抜試験方法であって、
打設された状態の前記ロックボルトの前記頭部に引抜試験治具を係合して取り付ける第1工程と、
前記引抜試験治具を介して前記頭部に引抜方向の力を加え、前記ロックボルトの引抜耐力を認識する第2工程を備えることを特徴とする引抜試験方法。
It is a pull-out test method of the lock bolt placed in the ground reinforcement structure of claim 5.
The first step of engaging and attaching the extraction test jig to the head of the lock bolt in the cast state, and
A pull-out test method comprising a second step of applying a pull-out direction force to the head through the pull-out test jig and recognizing the pull-out strength of the lock bolt.
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