JP2021164188A - 電源システム及び電動車両 - Google Patents
電源システム及び電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021164188A JP2021164188A JP2020061200A JP2020061200A JP2021164188A JP 2021164188 A JP2021164188 A JP 2021164188A JP 2020061200 A JP2020061200 A JP 2020061200A JP 2020061200 A JP2020061200 A JP 2020061200A JP 2021164188 A JP2021164188 A JP 2021164188A
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- output
- upper limit
- remaining amount
- battery
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/16—Type of output information
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- B60K35/28—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor characterised by the type of the output information, e.g. video entertainment or vehicle dynamics information; characterised by the purpose of the output information, e.g. for attracting the attention of the driver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- G07C5/00—Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
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- G07C5/0816—Indicating performance data, e.g. occurrence of a malfunction
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施形態に係る電源システム1を搭載する電動車両V(以下、単に「車両」という)の構成を示す図である。
第1バッテリB1は、第2バッテリB2よりも出力重量密度が低くかつエネルギ重量密度が高い。また第1バッテリB1は第2バッテリB2よりも容量が大きい。すなわち、第1バッテリB1は、エネルギ重量密度の点で第1バッテリB1よりも優れる。なお、エネルギ重量密度とは、単位重量あたりの電力量[Wh/kg]であり、出力重量密度とは、単位重量あたりの電力[W/kg]である。したがって、エネルギ重量密度が優れている第1バッテリB1は、高容量を主目的とした容量型の蓄電器であり、出力重量密度が優れている第2バッテリB2は、高出力を主目的とした出力型の蓄電器である。このため電源システム1では、第1バッテリB1を主電源として用い、第2バッテリB2をこの第1バッテリB1を補う副電源として用いる。
(1)電源システム1では、容量型の第1バッテリB1及び負荷回路4が接続された第1電力回路2と、出力型の第2バッテリB2が接続された第2電力回路3とを電圧変換器5で接続し、コンバータECU73によって電圧変換器5を操作することにより、コンバータ通過電力、すなわち第2バッテリB2の充放電を制御する。ここで出力型である第2バッテリB2の第2出力上限P2_limは、容量型である第1バッテリB1の第1出力上限P1_limよりも落ち込みが速い。このため例えば第1SOCがランプ点灯閾値未満でありかつ第1出力上限P1_limが出力閾値Pe0より大きい場合に、第2バッテリB2の放電を許可すると、第1バッテリB1に蓄えられている電力を使い切る前に第1出力上限P1_limと第2出力上限P2_limとの和であるシステム出力上限が出力閾値Pe0を下回ってしまうおそれがある。これに対し電源システム1では、マネジメントECU71は、第1バッテリB1の第1SOCがランプ点灯閾値未満でありかつ第1出力上限P1_limが出力閾値Pe0より大きい場合、第2バッテリB2の放電を禁止する。これにより第1バッテリB1の第1出力上限P1_limが出力閾値Pe0を下回るまで、第2バッテリB2に補助電力を確保することができる。よって電源システム1によれば、第1出力上限P1_limが出力閾値Pe0を下回った後は、第2バッテリB2からの電力によって負荷回路4に必要な電力を供給することができるので、第1バッテリB1に蓄えられている電力を使い切ることができる。
W…駆動輪
B1…第1バッテリ(第1蓄電装置)
B2…第2バッテリ(第2蓄電装置)
1…電源システム
2…第1電力回路
3…第2電力回路
4…負荷回路(電気負荷)
42…車両補機
43…電力変換器
M…駆動モータ
5…電圧変換器
7…電子制御ユニット群(制御装置)
74…第1バッテリECU(第1残量パラメータ取得手段、第1出力上限取得手段)
75…第2バッテリECU(第2残量パラメータ取得手段)
81…第1バッテリセンサユニット(第1残量パラメータ取得手段、第1出力上限取得手段)
82…第2バッテリセンサユニット(第2残量パラメータ取得手段)
92…モニタ(情報表示装置)
Claims (7)
- 第1蓄電装置及び電気負荷が接続された第1電力回路と、
前記第1蓄電装置よりも出力密度が高くかつエネルギ密度が低い第2蓄電装置が接続された第2電力回路と、
前記第1蓄電装置の残量に応じて増減する第1残量パラメータを取得する第1残量パラメータ取得手段と、
前記第1蓄電装置の出力上限である第1出力上限を取得する第1出力上限取得手段と、
前記第1電力回路と前記第2電力回路との間で電圧を変換する電圧変換器と、
前記電圧変換器を操作し、前記第1電力回路と前記第2電力回路との間における電力の流れを制御する制御装置と、を備える電源システムであって、
前記制御装置は、前記第1残量パラメータが残量閾値未満でありかつ前記第1出力上限が出力閾値より大きい場合、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値より大きい場合より前記第2蓄電装置の放電を制限することを特徴とする電源システム。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値未満でありかつ前記第1出力上限が前記出力閾値未満である場合、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値未満でありかつ前記第1出力上限が前記出力閾値より大きい場合より前記第2蓄電装置の放電を許容することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電源システム。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値未満でありかつ前記第1出力上限が前記出力閾値未満である場合、前記出力閾値と前記第1出力上限との差分を前記電圧変換器において前記2電力回路側から前記第1電力回路側へ通過する電力の上限とすることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電源システム。
- 前記第2蓄電装置の残量に応じて増減する第2残量パラメータを取得する第2残量パラメータ取得手段をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値未満であり、前記第1出力上限が前記出力閾値より大きく、かつ前記第2残量パラメータが目標残量未満である場合、前記第1電力回路における電力で前記第2蓄電装置を充電することを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れかに記載の電源システム。 - 請求項1から4の何れかに記載の電源システムを搭載する電動車両であって、
前記電気負荷は、駆動輪と機械的に連結された駆動モータと、前記第1電力回路と前記駆動モータとの間で電力を変換する電力変換器と、を備えることを特徴とする電動車両。 - ドライバが視認可能な情報表示装置をさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記第1残量パラメータが前記残量閾値未満である場合、前記電源システムの状態に関する警告情報を前記情報表示装置に表示することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電動車両。 - 前記警告情報は、前記駆動モータへの出力電力が制限されている状態である旨の情報、及び前記第1蓄電装置への充電要求に関する情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電動車両。
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