JP2021112749A - Friction stir welding method - Google Patents

Friction stir welding method Download PDF

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JP2021112749A
JP2021112749A JP2020005476A JP2020005476A JP2021112749A JP 2021112749 A JP2021112749 A JP 2021112749A JP 2020005476 A JP2020005476 A JP 2020005476A JP 2020005476 A JP2020005476 A JP 2020005476A JP 2021112749 A JP2021112749 A JP 2021112749A
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metal member
side pin
outer peripheral
peripheral surface
friction stir
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久司 堀
Hisashi Hori
久司 堀
伸城 瀬尾
Nobushiro Seo
伸城 瀬尾
宏介 山中
Kosuke Yamanaka
宏介 山中
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a friction stir welding method enabling aluminum alloys of different materials to be appropriately joined.SOLUTION: A friction stir welding method includes a regular joining step of performing friction stir on butting portion J1 while pouring a second aluminum alloy into a gap in a state in which the outer circumferential surface of a proximal end side pin F2 is brought into contact with the outer circumferential surface 21b of a second metal member 2 while the outer circumferential surface of a distal end pin F3 is brought into slight contact with a first inclined surface 13a1 of a first metal member 1. An inclined angle γ formed by inclining a rotation center axis Z of a rotary tool F with respect to a vertical axis j is equal to a value obtained by subtracting the inclined angle β1 of the first inclined surface 13a1 of the second metal member 2 from the inclined angle α1 formed by the outer circumferential surface of the distal end pin F3 (γ=α1-β1), and also is equal to a value obtained by subtracting the inclined angle β2 of the second inclined surface 13a2 of the second metal member 2 from the inclined angle α2 formed by the outer circumferential surface of the proximal end side pin F2 (γ=α2-β2).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

Description

本発明は、摩擦攪拌接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method.

例えば、特許文献1には、円柱状の第一金属部材と、円筒状の第二金属部材とを回転ツールを用いて摩擦攪拌接合する発明が開示されている。図14は、従来の摩擦攪拌接合方法を示す断面図である。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a cylindrical first metal member and a cylindrical second metal member are friction-stir welded using a rotary tool. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional friction stir welding method.

図14に示すように、従来の摩擦攪拌接合方法では、第一金属部材101と、第二金属部材102とを突き合わせて形成された突合せ部J10を摩擦攪拌接合する。回転ツールGは、円柱状のショルダ部G1と、攪拌ピンG2とを備えている。第一金属部材1には、段差側面101aと、段差底面101bとが形成されている。突合せ部J10は、第一金属部材101の段差底面101bと、第二金属部材102の端面102aとを突き合わせて形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 14, in the conventional friction stir welding method, the butt portion J10 formed by abutting the first metal member 101 and the second metal member 102 is friction stir welded. The rotation tool G includes a columnar shoulder portion G1 and a stirring pin G2. The step side surface 101a and the step bottom surface 101b are formed on the first metal member 1. The butt portion J10 is formed by abutting the step bottom surface 101b of the first metal member 101 and the end surface 102a of the second metal member 102.

特開2009−269058号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-269058

ここで、第一金属部材101を例えば、4000系アルミニウム合金の鋳造材で形成し、第二金属部材102を1000系アルミニウム合金の展伸材で形成するというような場合がある。つまり、アルミニウム合金の材種の異なる部材同士を摩擦攪拌接合する場合がある。 Here, the first metal member 101 may be formed of, for example, a cast material of a 4000 series aluminum alloy, and the second metal member 102 may be formed of a wrought material of a 1000 series aluminum alloy. That is, there are cases where members of different grades of aluminum alloy are friction-stir welded.

例えば、第一金属部材101を鋳造材で形成し、第二金属部材102を展伸材で形成する場合、攪拌ピンG2が第二金属部材102側から受ける材料抵抗に比べて、第一金属部材101側から受ける材料抵抗が大きくなる。そのため、回転ツールGの攪拌ピンG2によって異なる材種をバランスよく攪拌することが困難となり、接合後の塑性化領域に空洞欠陥が発生し接合強度が低下するという問題がある。 For example, when the first metal member 101 is made of a cast material and the second metal member 102 is made of a wrought material, the first metal member is compared with the material resistance that the stirring pin G2 receives from the second metal member 102 side. The material resistance received from the 101 side increases. Therefore, it becomes difficult to stir different grades in a well-balanced manner by the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G, and there is a problem that cavity defects occur in the plasticized region after joining and the joining strength decreases.

このような観点から、本発明は、材種の異なるアルミニウム合金を好適に接合することができる摩擦攪拌接合方法を提供することを課題とする。 From such a viewpoint, it is an object of the present invention to provide a friction stir welding method capable of suitably joining aluminum alloys of different grades.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明は、大径部の端部に小径部を備えた柱状の第一金属部材と、前記小径部と略同等の内径を有する筒状の第二金属部材とを端部同士で突き合わせて形成された被接合金属部材の突合せ部に対して、基端側ピンと先端側ピンとを備える回転ツールを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、前記第一金属部材は、第一アルミニウム合金で形成されており、前記大径部の端面の内径側に第一傾斜面を備えるとともに、外径側に第二傾斜面を備え、前記第二金属部材は、第二アルミニウム合金で形成されており、端面は垂直面を備え、前記第一アルミニウム合金は前記第二アルミニウム合金よりも硬度が高い材種であり、前記基端側ピンのテーパー角度は、前記先端側ピンのテーパー角度よりも大きくなっており、前記基端側ピンの外周面には階段状のピン段差部が形成されており、前記第二金属部材の開口部に前記第一金属部材の前記小径部を挿入することにより、前記第二金属部材の内周面と前記第一金属部材の段差側面とを重ね合わせるとともに、前記第二金属部材の端面と前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面とを突き合わせて突合せ部に断面V字状の隙間を形成する突合せ工程と、回転する前記回転ツールの前記先端側ピンを前記第二金属部材の外周面に挿入し、前記先端側ピンの外周面を前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面にわずかに接触させつつ、前記基端側ピンの外周面を前記第二金属部材の外周面に接触させた状態で、前記隙間に前記第二アルミニウム合金を流入させながら、前記突合せ部よりも前記第二金属部材側に設定された設定移動ルートに沿って所定の深さで前記第二金属部材の外周面の廻りに一周させて前記突合せ部を摩擦攪拌する本接合工程と、を含み、前記本接合工程では、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線の鉛直軸に対する傾斜角度をγとし、前記第一傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ1とし、前記第二傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ2とし、前記先端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα1とし、前記基端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα2とすると、γ=α1−β1且つγ=α2−β2にした状態で接合を行うことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention comprises a columnar first metal member having a small diameter portion at the end of the large diameter portion, and a tubular second metal member having an inner diameter substantially equal to that of the small diameter portion. The first method is a friction-stirring joining method in which friction-stirring is performed on a butt portion of a metal member to be joined, which is formed by abutting the ends of each other, using a rotation tool provided with a base end side pin and a tip end side pin. The metal member is made of a first aluminum alloy, and has a first inclined surface on the inner diameter side of the end surface of the large diameter portion and a second inclined surface on the outer diameter side. It is made of a second aluminum alloy, has an end face having a vertical surface, the first aluminum alloy is a grade having a higher hardness than the second aluminum alloy, and the taper angle of the base end side pin is the tip. It is larger than the taper angle of the side pin, a stepped pin step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin, and the opening of the second metal member is the said of the first metal member. By inserting the small diameter portion, the inner peripheral surface of the second metal member and the stepped side surface of the first metal member are overlapped, and the end surface of the second metal member and the first inclination of the first metal member are overlapped. A butt step of abutting the surfaces to form a V-shaped gap in the butt portion, and inserting the tip-side pin of the rotating tool into the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member to form an outer circumference of the tip-side pin. The second is in the gap in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member while the surface is slightly in contact with the first inclined surface of the first metal member. While flowing the aluminum alloy, the butt portion is made to go around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member at a predetermined depth along a set movement route set on the second metal member side of the butt portion. In the main joining step, the inclination angle of the rotation center axis of the rotation tool with respect to the vertical axis is set to γ, and the inclination angle of the first inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is set to β1. The inclination angle of the second inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is β2, the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α1, and the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis. When α2 is set to α2, the bonding is performed in a state where γ = α1-β1 and γ = α2-β2.

また、本発明は、大径部の端部に小径部を備えた円柱状の第一金属部材と、前記小径部と略同等の内径を有する円筒状の第二金属部材とを端面同士で突き合わせて形成された被接合金属部材の突合せ部に対して基端側ピンと先端側ピンとを備える回転ツールを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、前記第一金属部材は、第一アルミニウム合金で形成されており、前記大径部の端面の内径側に第一傾斜面を備えるとともに、外径側に第二傾斜面を備え、前記第二金属部材は、第二アルミニウム合金で形成されており、端面は垂直面を備え、前記第一アルミニウム合金は前記第二アルミニウム合金よりも硬度が高い材種であり、前記基端側ピンのテーパー角度は、前記先端側ピンのテーパー角度よりも大きくなっており、前記基端側ピンの外周面には階段状のピン段差部が形成されており、前記第二金属部材の開口部に前記第一金属部材の前記小径部を挿入することにより、前記第二金属部材の内周面と前記第一金属部材の段差側面とを重ね合わせるとともに、前記第二金属部材の端面と前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面とを突き合わせて突合せ部に断面V字状の隙間を形成する突合せ工程と、回転する前記回転ツールの前記先端側ピンを前記第二金属部材の外周面に挿入し、前記先端側ピンの外周面を前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面にわずかに接触させつつ、前記基端側ピンの外周面を前記第二金属部材の外周面に接触させた状態で、前記隙間に前記第二アルミニウム合金を流入させながら、前記突合せ部よりも前記第二金属部材側に設定された設定移動ルートに沿って所定の深さで前記第二金属部材の外周面の廻りに一周させて前記突合せ部を摩擦攪拌する本接合工程と、を含み、前記本接合工程では、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をγとし、前記第一傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ1とし、前記第二傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ2とし、前記先端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα1とし、前記基端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα2とすると、γ=α1−β1且つγ=α2−β2にした状態で接合を行うことを特徴とする。 Further, in the present invention, a columnar first metal member having a small diameter portion at the end of a large diameter portion and a cylindrical second metal member having an inner diameter substantially equal to that of the small diameter portion are butted against each other. This is a friction-stirring joining method in which friction-stirring is performed by using a rotating tool provided with a base end side pin and a tip end side pin with respect to a butt portion of the metal member to be joined, wherein the first metal member is first aluminum. It is made of an alloy and has a first inclined surface on the inner diameter side of the end surface of the large diameter portion and a second inclined surface on the outer diameter side, and the second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy. The end face is provided with a vertical surface, the first aluminum alloy is a grade having a higher hardness than the second aluminum alloy, and the taper angle of the base end side pin is larger than the taper angle of the tip end side pin. It is large, and a stepped pin step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin, and by inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into the opening of the second metal member. The inner peripheral surface of the second metal member and the stepped side surface of the first metal member are overlapped with each other, and the end surface of the second metal member and the first inclined surface of the first metal member are abutted against each other to form a butt portion. In the butt step of forming a gap having a V-shaped cross section, the tip side pin of the rotating tool is inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin is inserted into the first metal member. While slightly contacting the first inclined surface of the above, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and the second aluminum alloy is allowed to flow into the gap. This joining step of rubbing and stirring the butt portion by making a circuit around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member at a predetermined depth along a set movement route set on the second metal member side of the butt portion. In the main joining step, the inclination angle of the rotation center axis of the rotation tool with respect to the vertical surface is set to γ, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is set to β1, and the vertical of the second inclined surface is set to β1. Assuming that the inclination angle with respect to the surface is β2, the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α1, and the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α2, γ = It is characterized in that bonding is performed in a state where α1-β1 and γ = α2-β2.

かかる接合方法によれば、第二金属部材と先端側ピンとの摩擦熱によって突合せ部の主として第二金属部材側の第二アルミニウム合金が攪拌されて塑性流動化され、突合せ部において第一金属部材と第二金属部材とを接合することができる。また、先端側ピンの外周面を第一金属部材の第一傾斜面にわずかに接触させるに留めるため、第一金属部材から第二金属部材への第一アルミニウム合金の混入を極力少なくすることができる。これにより、突合せ部においては主として第二金属部材側の第二アルミニウム合金が摩擦攪拌されるため、接合強度の低下を抑制することができる。また、基端側ピンの外周面を第二金属部材の外周面に接触させた状態で摩擦攪拌を行うため、バリの発生を抑制することができる。また、回転ツールの回転中心軸線の鉛直軸に対する傾斜角度γを、先端側ピンの外周面の回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度α1から第一傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度β1を減算した値及び基端側ピンの外周面の回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度α2から第二傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度β2を減算した値に一致させることにより、傾斜角度α1,β1,α2,β2として最適な値を選択することができると共に、先端側ピンの外周面と第一傾斜面及び基端側ピンの外周面と第二傾斜面とをそれぞれ平行にして、先端側ピン及び基端側ピンの外周面と各傾斜面との過度の接触を避けつつ、先端側ピン及び基端側ピンの外周面と各傾斜面とを高さ方向に亘って極力近接させることができる。 According to such a joining method, the frictional heat between the second metal member and the tip side pin stirs and plastically fluidizes the second aluminum alloy mainly on the second metal member side of the butt portion, and causes the butt portion to form a plastic fluid with the first metal member. It can be joined to the second metal member. Further, in order to keep the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin slightly in contact with the first inclined surface of the first metal member, it is possible to minimize the mixing of the first aluminum alloy from the first metal member to the second metal member. can. As a result, the second aluminum alloy on the second metal member side is mainly frictionally agitated at the butt portion, so that a decrease in joint strength can be suppressed. Further, since friction stir welding is performed in a state where the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, the generation of burrs can be suppressed. Further, the tilt angle γ of the rotation center axis of the rotation tool with respect to the vertical axis is obtained by subtracting the tilt angle β1 with respect to the vertical surface of the first tilt surface from the tilt angle α1 with respect to the rotation center axis of the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin and the base end. The optimum value is selected as the tilt angle α1, β1, α2, β2 by matching the tilt angle α2 with respect to the rotation center axis of the outer peripheral surface of the side pin to the value obtained by subtracting the tilt angle β2 with respect to the vertical surface of the second tilt surface. The outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin and the outer peripheral surface of the first inclined surface and the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin and the second inclined surface are made parallel to each other, and the outer peripheral surface of the distal end side pin and the proximal end side pin and each of them. While avoiding excessive contact with the inclined surface, the outer peripheral surfaces of the tip end side pin and the proximal end side pin and each inclined surface can be brought close to each other as much as possible in the height direction.

また、前記突合せ部に形成される塑性化領域の始端と終端とがオーバーラップしており、前記塑性化領域の一部が重複していることが好ましい。 Further, it is preferable that the start end and the end of the plasticized region formed in the butt portion overlap with each other, and a part of the plasticized region overlaps.

かかる接合方法によれば、被接合金属部材の水密性及び気密性を高めることができる。 According to such a joining method, the watertightness and airtightness of the metal member to be joined can be improved.

また、前記第二金属部材の外径は、前記第一金属部材の大径部の外径よりも大きいことが好ましい。 Further, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the second metal member is larger than the outer diameter of the large diameter portion of the first metal member.

かかる接合方法によれば、接合部が金属不足になるのを防ぐことができる。 According to such a joining method, it is possible to prevent the joint portion from becoming short of metal.

また、前記第一金属部材が前記回転ツールの進行方向左側に位置する場合、前記回転ツールを右回転させ、前記第一金属部材が前記回転ツールの進行方向右側に位置する場合、前記回転ツールを左回転させることが好ましい。 When the first metal member is located on the left side of the rotating tool in the traveling direction, the rotating tool is rotated clockwise, and when the first metal member is located on the right side of the rotating tool in the traveling direction, the rotating tool is rotated. It is preferable to rotate it counterclockwise.

かかる接合方法によれば、塑性化領域のうち突合せ部側の摩擦攪拌が促進され、より好適に接合することができる。 According to such a joining method, friction stir welding on the butt portion side of the plasticized region is promoted, and the joining can be performed more preferably.

また、前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルート上に設定した開始位置から回転する前記先端側ピンを挿入し、進行方向に移動させつつ所定の深さとなるまで徐々に前記先端側ピンを押入することが好ましい。 Further, in the main joining step, the tip side pin that rotates from the start position set on the set movement route is inserted, and the tip side pin is gradually pushed in until it reaches a predetermined depth while moving in the traveling direction. Is preferable.

また、前記本接合工程において、回転する前記先端側ピンを前記設定移動ルートよりもさらに前記第一金属部材から離間した側に設定した開始位置に挿入した後、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線を前記設定移動ルートと重複する位置まで移動させつつ前記所定の深さとなるまで前記先端側ピンを徐々に押入することが好ましい。 Further, in the main joining step, after inserting the rotating tip side pin into the set start position on the side further separated from the first metal member from the set movement route, the rotation center axis of the rotation tool is inserted. It is preferable to gradually push the tip side pin until the predetermined depth is reached while moving to a position overlapping the set movement route.

かかる接合方法によれば、回転ツールを設定移動ルートと重複する位置まで移動させながら所定の深さとなるまで先端側ピンを徐々に押入することにより、設定移動ルート上で摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。
また、回転ツールを設定移動ルート上で移動させつつ所定の深さとなるまで先端側ピンを徐々に押入することにより、設定移動ルート上の一点で摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。
According to such a joining method, the frictional heat becomes excessive on the set movement route by gradually pushing the tip side pin until it reaches a predetermined depth while moving the rotation tool to a position overlapping the set movement route. Can be prevented.
Further, by gradually pushing the tip side pin until it reaches a predetermined depth while moving the rotation tool on the set movement route, it is possible to prevent the frictional heat from becoming excessive at one point on the set movement route.

また、前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルート上に終了位置を設定し、前記突合せ部に対する摩擦攪拌の後、前記回転ツールを前記終了位置に移動させつつ前記先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜いて前記終了位置で前記第二金属部材から前記回転ツールを離脱させることが好ましい。 Further, in the main joining step, the end position is set on the set movement route, and after frictional stirring with respect to the butt portion, the tip side pin is gradually pulled out while moving the rotation tool to the end position. It is preferable to disengage the rotating tool from the second metal member at the end position.

また、前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルートよりもさらに前記第一金属部材から離間した側に終了位置を設定し、前記突合せ部に対する摩擦攪拌の後、前記回転ツールを前記終了位置に移動させつつ前記先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜いて前記終了位置で前記第二金属部材から前記回転ツールを離脱させることが好ましい。 Further, in the main joining step, the end position is set on the side further separated from the first metal member from the set movement route, and after frictional stirring with respect to the butt portion, the rotation tool is moved to the end position. It is preferable that the tip side pin is gradually pulled out while the rotating tool is separated from the second metal member at the end position.

かかる接合方法によれば、回転ツールを設定移動ルートと重複する位置まで移動させながら先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜くことにより、設定移動ルート上で摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。
また、回転ツールを設定移動ルート上で移動させつつ先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜くことにより、設定移動ルート上の一点で摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。
According to such a joining method, it is possible to prevent the frictional heat from becoming excessive on the set movement route by gradually pulling out the tip side pin while moving the rotation tool to a position overlapping the set movement route.
Further, by gradually pulling out the tip side pin while moving the rotation tool on the set movement route, it is possible to prevent the frictional heat from becoming excessive at one point on the set movement route.

また、前記本接合工程において、前記先端側ピンの先端が、前記第一金属部材の段差側面を突き抜けた状態で前記突合せ部の摩擦攪拌を行うことが好ましい。 Further, in the main joining step, it is preferable to perform friction stir welding of the butt portion in a state where the tip of the tip side pin penetrates the step side surface of the first metal member.

かかる接合方法によれば、第一金属部材と第二金属部材との接合強度をより高めることができる。 According to such a joining method, the joining strength between the first metal member and the second metal member can be further increased.

本発明に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法によれば、材種の異なるアルミニウム合金を好適に接合することができる。 According to the friction stir welding method according to the present invention, aluminum alloys of different grades can be suitably bonded.

本発明の実施形態に係る回転ツールを示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the rotation tool which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 回転ツールの拡大断面図である。It is an enlarged sectional view of the rotation tool. 回転ツールの第一変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st modification of a rotation tool. 回転ツールの第二変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd modification of the rotation tool. 回転ツールの第三変形例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd modification of the rotation tool. 本発明の第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. 第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の第一金属部材及び第二金属部材を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the 1st metal member and the 2nd metal member of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の突合せ工程を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the butt process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の突合せ工程を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the butt process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の本接合工程を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the main joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第一実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の本接合工程を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the main joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 本発明の第二実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の本接合工程を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the main joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第二実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法の本接合工程を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the main joining process of the friction stir welding method which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 従来の摩擦攪拌接合方法を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional friction stir welding method.

本発明の実施形態について、適宜図面を参照しながら説明する。まずは、本実施形態に係る接合方法で用いる回転ツールについて説明する。回転ツールは、摩擦攪拌接合に用いられるツールである。図1に示すように、回転ツールFは、例えば工具鋼で形成されており、基軸部F1と、基端側ピンF2と、先端側ピンF3とで主に構成されている。基軸部F1は、円柱状を呈し、摩擦攪拌装置の主軸に接続される部位である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. First, the rotation tool used in the joining method according to the present embodiment will be described. The rotary tool is a tool used for friction stir welding. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotary tool F is made of, for example, tool steel, and is mainly composed of a base shaft portion F1, a base end side pin F2, and a tip end side pin F3. The base shaft portion F1 has a columnar shape and is a portion connected to the main shaft of the friction stir welder.

基端側ピンF2は、基軸部F1に連続し、先端に向けて先細りになっている。基端側ピンF2は、円錐台形状を呈する。基端側ピンF2のテーパー角度Aは適宜設定すればよいが、例えば、135〜160°になっている。テーパー角度Aが135°未満であるか、又は、160°を超えると摩擦攪拌後の接合表面粗さが大きくなる。テーパー角度Aは、後記する先端側ピンF3のテーパー角度Bよりも大きくなっている。図2に示すように、基端側ピンF2の外周面には、階段状のピン段差部F21が高さ方向の全体に亘って形成されている。ピン段差部F21は、右回り又は左回りで螺旋状に形成されている。つまり、ピン段差部F21は、平面視して螺旋状であり、側面視すると階段状になっている。本第一実施形態では、回転ツールFを右回転させるため、ピン段差部F21は基端側から先端側に向けて左回りに設定している。 The base end side pin F2 is continuous with the base shaft portion F1 and is tapered toward the tip end. The proximal end side pin F2 has a truncated cone shape. The taper angle A of the base end side pin F2 may be appropriately set, and is, for example, 135 to 160 °. If the taper angle A is less than 135 ° or exceeds 160 °, the joint surface roughness after friction stir welding becomes large. The taper angle A is larger than the taper angle B of the tip side pin F3, which will be described later. As shown in FIG. 2, a stepped pin step portion F21 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 over the entire height direction. The pin step portion F21 is formed in a spiral shape in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. That is, the pin step portion F21 has a spiral shape when viewed in a plane and a step shape when viewed from a side surface. In the first embodiment, in order to rotate the rotation tool F clockwise, the pin step portion F21 is set counterclockwise from the base end side to the tip end side.

なお、回転ツールFを左回転させる場合は、ピン段差部F21を基端側から先端側に向けて右回りに設定することが好ましい。これにより、ピン段差部F21によって塑性流動材が先端側に導かれるため、被接合金属部材の外部に溢れ出る金属を低減することができる。ピン段差部F21は、段差底面F21aと、段差側面F21bとで構成されている。隣り合うピン段差部F21の各頂点F21c,F21cの距離X1(水平方向距離)は、後記する段差角度C及び段差側面F21bの高さY1に応じて適宜設定される。 When rotating the rotation tool F counterclockwise, it is preferable to set the pin step portion F21 clockwise from the base end side to the tip end side. As a result, the plastic fluid material is guided to the tip side by the pin step portion F21, so that the metal that overflows to the outside of the metal member to be joined can be reduced. The pin step portion F21 is composed of a step bottom surface F21a and a step side surface F21b. The distance X1 (horizontal distance) between the vertices F21c and F21c of the adjacent pin step portions F21 is appropriately set according to the step angle C and the height Y1 of the step side surface F21b described later.

段差側面F21bの高さY1は適宜設定すればよいが、例えば、0.1〜0.4mmで設定されている。高さY1が0.1mm未満であると接合表面粗さが大きくなる。一方、高さY1が0.4mmを超えると接合表面粗さが大きくなる傾向があるとともに、有効段差部数(被接合金属部材と接触しているピン段差部F21の数)も減少する。 The height Y1 of the step side surface F21b may be appropriately set, and is set to, for example, 0.1 to 0.4 mm. If the height Y1 is less than 0.1 mm, the joint surface roughness becomes large. On the other hand, when the height Y1 exceeds 0.4 mm, the joint surface roughness tends to increase, and the number of effective step portions (the number of pin step portions F21 in contact with the metal member to be joined) also decreases.

段差底面F21aと段差側面F21bとでなす段差角度Cは適宜設定すればよいが、例えば、85〜120°で設定されている。段差底面F21aは、本実施形態では水平面と平行になっている。段差底面F21aは、ツールの回転軸から外周方向に向かって水平面に対して−5°〜15°内の範囲で傾斜していてもよい(マイナスは水平面に対して下方、プラスは水平面に対して上方)。距離X1、段差側面F21bの高さY1、段差角度C及び水平面に対する段差底面F21aの角度は、摩擦攪拌を行う際に、塑性流動材がピン段差部F21の内部に滞留して付着することなく外部に抜けるとともに、段差底面F21aで塑性流動材を押えて接合表面粗さを小さくすることができるように適宜設定する。 The step angle C formed by the step bottom surface F21a and the step side surface F21b may be appropriately set, but is set to, for example, 85 to 120 °. The step bottom surface F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane in this embodiment. The step bottom surface F21a may be inclined in the range of -5 ° to 15 ° with respect to the horizontal plane from the rotation axis of the tool toward the outer peripheral direction (minus is downward with respect to the horizontal plane, plus is with respect to the horizontal plane). Above). The distance X1, the height Y1 of the step side surface F21b, the step angle C, and the angle of the step bottom surface F21a with respect to the horizontal plane are such that the plastic fluid does not stay inside the pin step portion F21 and adhere to the outside during friction stir welding. The surface roughness of the joint is appropriately set so that the plastic fluid material can be pressed by the step bottom surface F21a to reduce the roughness of the joint surface.

図1に示すように、先端側ピンF3は、基端側ピンF2に連続して形成されている。先端側ピンF3は円錐台形状を呈する。先端側ピンF3の先端は回転軸に対して垂直な平坦面F4になっている。先端側ピンF3のテーパー角度Bは、基端側ピンF2のテーパー角度Aよりも小さくなっている。図2に示すように、先端側ピンF3の外周面には、螺旋溝F31が刻設されている。螺旋溝F31は、右回り、左回りのどちらでもよいが、本第一実施形態では回転ツールFを右回転させるため、基端側から先端側に向けて左回りに刻設されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the distal end side pin F3 is continuously formed on the proximal end side pin F2. The tip side pin F3 has a truncated cone shape. The tip of the tip side pin F3 is a flat surface F4 perpendicular to the rotation axis. The taper angle B of the tip end side pin F3 is smaller than the taper angle A of the base end side pin F2. As shown in FIG. 2, a spiral groove F31 is engraved on the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3. The spiral groove F31 may be clockwise or counterclockwise, but in the first embodiment, the spiral groove F31 is carved counterclockwise from the base end side to the tip end side in order to rotate the rotation tool F clockwise.

なお、回転ツールFを左回転させる場合は、螺旋溝F31を基端側から先端側に向けて右回りに設定することが好ましい。これにより、螺旋溝F31によって塑性流動材が先端側に導かれるため、被接合金属部材の外部に溢れ出る金属を低減することができる。螺旋溝F31は、螺旋底面F31aと、螺旋側面F31bとで構成されている。隣り合う螺旋溝F31の頂点F31c,F31cの距離(水平方向距離)を長さX2とする。螺旋側面F31bの高さを高さY2とする。螺旋底面F31aと、螺旋側面F31bとで構成される螺旋角度Dは例えば、45〜90°で形成されている。螺旋溝F31は、被接合金属部材と接触することにより摩擦熱を上昇させるとともに、塑性流動材を先端側に導く役割を備えている。また、回転ツールFは、先端にスピンドルユニット等の回転駆動手段を備えたロボットアームに取り付けてもよい。 When rotating the rotation tool F counterclockwise, it is preferable to set the spiral groove F31 clockwise from the base end side to the tip end side. As a result, the plastic fluid material is guided to the tip side by the spiral groove F31, so that the metal overflowing to the outside of the metal member to be joined can be reduced. The spiral groove F31 is composed of a spiral bottom surface F31a and a spiral side surface F31b. The distance (horizontal distance) between the vertices F31c and F31c of the adjacent spiral grooves F31 is defined as the length X2. The height of the spiral side surface F31b is defined as the height Y2. The spiral angle D composed of the spiral bottom surface F31a and the spiral side surface F31b is formed at, for example, 45 to 90 °. The spiral groove F31 has a role of increasing frictional heat by coming into contact with the metal member to be joined and guiding the plastic fluid material to the tip side. Further, the rotation tool F may be attached to a robot arm having a rotation driving means such as a spindle unit at the tip thereof.

回転ツールFは、適宜設計変更が可能である。図3は、本発明の回転ツールの第一変形例を示す側面図である。図3に示すように、第一変形例に係る回転ツールFAでは、ピン段差部F21の段差底面F21aと段差側面F21bとのなす段差角度Cが85°になっている。段差底面F21aは、水平面と平行である。このように、段差底面F21aは水平面と平行であるとともに、段差角度Cは、摩擦攪拌中にピン段差部F21内に塑性流動材が滞留して付着することなく外部に抜ける範囲で鋭角としてもよい。 The design of the rotation tool F can be changed as appropriate. FIG. 3 is a side view showing a first modification of the rotation tool of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, in the rotation tool FA according to the first modification, the step angle C formed by the step bottom surface F21a of the pin step portion F21 and the step side surface F21b is 85 °. The step bottom surface F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane. As described above, the step bottom surface F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the step angle C may be an acute angle within a range in which the plastic fluid material stays in the pin step portion F21 during friction stir welding and escapes to the outside without adhering. ..

図4は、本発明の回転ツールの第二変形例を示す側面図である。図4に示すように、第二変形例に係る回転ツールFBでは、ピン段差部F21の段差角度Cが115°になっている。段差底面F21aは水平面と平行になっている。このように、段差底面F21aは水平面と平行であるとともに、ピン段差部F21として機能する範囲で段差角度Cが鈍角となってもよい。 FIG. 4 is a side view showing a second modification of the rotation tool of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, in the rotation tool FB according to the second modification, the step angle C of the pin step portion F21 is 115 °. The step bottom surface F21a is parallel to the horizontal plane. As described above, the step bottom surface F21a may be parallel to the horizontal plane, and the step angle C may be obtuse within the range in which the step bottom surface F21a functions as the pin step portion F21.

図5は、本発明の回転ツールの第三変形例を示す側面図である。図5に示すように、第三変形例に係る回転ツールFCでは、段差底面F21aがツールの回転軸から外周方向に向かって水平面に対して10°上方に傾斜している。段差側面F21bは、鉛直面と平行になっている。このように、摩擦攪拌中に塑性流動材を押さえることができる範囲で、段差底面F21aがツールの回転軸から外周方向に向かって水平面よりも上方に傾斜するように形成されていてもよい。上記の回転ツールの第一〜第三変形例によっても、下記の実施形態と同等の効果を奏することができる。 FIG. 5 is a side view showing a third modification of the rotation tool of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, in the rotation tool FC according to the third modification, the step bottom surface F21a is inclined 10 ° upward with respect to the horizontal plane from the rotation axis of the tool toward the outer peripheral direction. The step side surface F21b is parallel to the vertical surface. As described above, the step bottom surface F21a may be formed so as to incline upward from the horizontal plane from the rotation axis of the tool toward the outer peripheral direction within a range in which the plastic fluid material can be pressed during friction stir welding. The same effect as that of the following embodiment can be obtained by the first to third modifications of the rotation tool described above.

[第一実施形態]
本発明の第一実施形態について、適宜図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法では、図6に示すように、第一金属部材1と、第二金属部材2を摩擦攪拌接合するというものである。第一金属部材1と第二金属部材2とを合わせて被接合金属部材Hとも言う。本実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法では、準備工程と、突合せ工程と、本接合工程と、を行う。
[First Embodiment]
The first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 are friction stir welded. The first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 are collectively referred to as a metal member H to be joined. In the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment, a preparation step, a butt step, and a main joining step are performed.

準備工程は、第一金属部材1及び第二金属部材2を準備する工程である。図7及び図8に示すように、第一金属部材1は、大径部11と、小径部12を備えた中実の金属部材である。第一金属部材1は、摩擦攪拌可能な金属であれば特に制限されないが、本実施形態では第一アルミニウム合金を主に含んで形成されている。第一アルミニウム合金は、例えば、JISH5302 ADC12(Al-Si-Cu系)等のアルミニウム合金鋳造材を用いている。 The preparation step is a step of preparing the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the first metal member 1 is a solid metal member having a large diameter portion 11 and a small diameter portion 12. The first metal member 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stir welding, but in the present embodiment, it is formed mainly containing a first aluminum alloy. As the first aluminum alloy, for example, an aluminum alloy casting material such as JISH5302 ADC12 (Al—Si—Cu system) is used.

大径部11は、円柱状を呈する。小径部12は、円柱状を呈し、大径部11の先端側に同心で形成されている。大径部11と小径部12とで段差部13が形成されている。段差部13は、段差傾斜面13aと、段差側面13bとで構成されている。段差傾斜面13aは、段差側面13bと接する内周部から、大径部11の外周面11bと接する外周部へと、径外方向に向かうにつれて段差側面13bから離間する方向に傾斜している。段差傾斜面13aは、内径側に形成された第一傾斜面13a1と、外径側に形成された第二傾斜面13a2とを備えている。 The large diameter portion 11 has a columnar shape. The small diameter portion 12 has a columnar shape and is formed concentrically on the tip end side of the large diameter portion 11. A step portion 13 is formed by the large diameter portion 11 and the small diameter portion 12. The step portion 13 is composed of a step inclined surface 13a and a step side surface 13b. The step inclined surface 13a is inclined from the inner peripheral portion in contact with the step side surface 13b to the outer peripheral portion in contact with the outer peripheral surface 11b of the large diameter portion 11 in a direction away from the step side surface 13b in the outward direction. The step inclined surface 13a includes a first inclined surface 13a1 formed on the inner diameter side and a second inclined surface 13a2 formed on the outer diameter side.

段差側面13bは、小径部12の外周面である。段差側面13bは、段差傾斜面13aから大径部11の先端方向に向けて立ち上がって形成されている。図8に示すように、第一金属部材1の中心軸を通過する断面から見たときに、第一傾斜面13a1は、第一金属部材1の中心軸と直交する面(鉛直面)に対して、傾斜角度β1をもって傾斜しており、第二傾斜面13a2は、第一金属部材1の中心軸と直交する面(鉛直面)に対して、傾斜角度β2をもって傾斜している(β2>β1)。 The step side surface 13b is an outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 12. The step side surface 13b is formed so as to rise from the step inclined surface 13a toward the tip of the large diameter portion 11. As shown in FIG. 8, when viewed from a cross section passing through the central axis of the first metal member 1, the first inclined surface 13a1 is relative to a plane (vertical surface) orthogonal to the central axis of the first metal member 1. The second inclined surface 13a2 is inclined with an inclination angle β1 (β2> β1) with respect to the surface (vertical surface) orthogonal to the central axis of the first metal member 1. ).

本実施形態では、第一傾斜面13a1の傾斜角度β1(図8参照)は、先端側ピンF3の傾斜角度α1(図1参照)と同一になっている。同様に、本例では、第二傾斜面13a2の傾斜角度β2(図8参照)は、基端側ピンF2の傾斜角度α2(図1参照)と同一になっている。段差側面13bは、小径部12の端面12aに対して垂直になっている。つまり、段差側面13bは、第一金属部材1の軸方向と平行になっている。 In the present embodiment, the inclination angle β1 (see FIG. 8) of the first inclined surface 13a1 is the same as the inclination angle α1 (see FIG. 1) of the tip end side pin F3. Similarly, in this example, the inclination angle β2 (see FIG. 8) of the second inclined surface 13a2 is the same as the inclination angle α2 (see FIG. 1) of the proximal end side pin F2. The step side surface 13b is perpendicular to the end surface 12a of the small diameter portion 12. That is, the step side surface 13b is parallel to the axial direction of the first metal member 1.

第二金属部材2は、円筒状を呈する金属部材である。第二金属部材2は、小径部と略同等の内径を有するとともに、大径部の外径よりも大きい外径を有する。第二金属部材2は、摩擦攪拌可能な金属であれば特に制限されないが、本実施形態では第二アルミニウム合金を主に含んで形成されている。第二アルミニウム合金は、第一アルミニウム合金よりも硬度の低い材料である。第二アルミニウム合金は、例えば、JIS A1050,A1100,A6063等のアルミニウム合金展伸材で形成されている。第二金属部材2の端面21aは、外周面21b及び内周面21cに対して垂直になっている。第一金属部材1の外径と第二金属部材2の外径は同一でもよいが、本実施形態では、第二金属部材2の外径を第一金属部材1の外径よりも大きく形成している。また、第二金属部材2の内周面21cの外径は、第一金属部材1の小径部12の外径と同一又は略同一になっている。なお、本明細書において硬度はブリネル硬さをいい、JIS Z 2243に準じた方法によって測定することができる。 The second metal member 2 is a metal member having a cylindrical shape. The second metal member 2 has an inner diameter substantially equal to that of the small diameter portion, and has an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the large diameter portion. The second metal member 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal capable of friction stir welding, but in the present embodiment, it is formed mainly containing a second aluminum alloy. The second aluminum alloy is a material having a lower hardness than the first aluminum alloy. The second aluminum alloy is formed of, for example, an aluminum alloy wrought material such as JIS A1050, A1100, A6063. The end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 is perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 21b and the inner peripheral surface 21c. The outer diameter of the first metal member 1 and the outer diameter of the second metal member 2 may be the same, but in the present embodiment, the outer diameter of the second metal member 2 is formed to be larger than the outer diameter of the first metal member 1. ing. Further, the outer diameter of the inner peripheral surface 21c of the second metal member 2 is the same as or substantially the same as the outer diameter of the small diameter portion 12 of the first metal member 1. In the present specification, the hardness refers to Brinell hardness, which can be measured by a method according to JIS Z 2243.

突合せ工程は、図8に示すように、第一金属部材1の端部と、第二金属部材2の端部とを突き合わせる工程である。突合せ工程では、第一金属部材1の小径部12を、第二金属部材2の開口部に挿入する。これにより、第一金属部材1の段差傾斜面13aと、第二金属部材2の端面21aとが突き合わされて突合せ部J1が形成される。突合せ部J1の端面21aと第一傾斜面13a1との間には、周方向にわたって断面V字状の隙間が形成される。また、第一金属部材1の段差側面13bと、第二金属部材2の内周面21cとが重ね合わされて突合せ部J2が形成される。 As shown in FIG. 8, the butt step is a step of butting the end portion of the first metal member 1 and the end portion of the second metal member 2. In the butt step, the small diameter portion 12 of the first metal member 1 is inserted into the opening of the second metal member 2. As a result, the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 are abutted to form the butt portion J1. A gap having a V-shaped cross section is formed in the circumferential direction between the end surface 21a of the butt portion J1 and the first inclined surface 13a1. Further, the stepped side surface 13b of the first metal member 1 and the inner peripheral surface 21c of the second metal member 2 are overlapped to form the butt portion J2.

図9に示すように、第二金属部材2の外周面21bには、設定移動ルートL1を設定する。設定移動ルートL1は、突合せ部J1よりも第二金属部材2側に設定されており、突合せ部J1と平行になっている。設定移動ルートL1は、後記する本接合工程において、突合せ部J1を接合するために必要な回転ツールFの移動ルートである。設定移動ルートL1については追って詳述する。 As shown in FIG. 9, a set movement route L1 is set on the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2. The set movement route L1 is set closer to the second metal member 2 than the butt portion J1 and is parallel to the butt portion J1. The set movement route L1 is a movement route of the rotation tool F necessary for joining the butt portion J1 in the main joining step described later. The set movement route L1 will be described in detail later.

本接合工程は、図10及び図11に示すように、回転ツールFを用いて突合せ部J1を摩擦攪拌接合する工程である。本接合工程では、回転ツールFを固定して、被接合金属部材Hを周方向に回転させてもよいし、被接合金属部材Hを固定して被接合金属部材Hの周りに回転ツールFを移動させてもよい。 As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, this joining step is a step of friction stir welding the butt portion J1 using the rotary tool F. In this joining step, the rotation tool F may be fixed and the metal member H to be joined may be rotated in the circumferential direction, or the metal member H to be joined may be fixed and the rotation tool F may be placed around the metal member H to be joined. You may move it.

図10に示すように、本接合工程では、開始位置SP1から中間点S1までの押入区間と、設定移動ルートL1上の中間点S1から一周廻って中間点S2までの本区間と、中間点S2から終了位置EP1までの離脱区間の三つの区間を連続して摩擦攪拌接合する。中間点S1,S2は、設定移動ルートL1上に設定されている。開始位置SP1は、第二金属部材2の外周面21bにおいて、設定移動ルートL1よりも第一金属部材1から離間する側に設定されている。本実施形態では、開始位置SP1と中間点S1とを結ぶ線分と、設定移動ルートL1とのなす角度が鈍角となる位置に設定している。 As shown in FIG. 10, in the main joining step, the closet section from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1, the main section from the intermediate point S1 on the set movement route L1 to the intermediate point S2, and the intermediate point S2. The three sections of the detachment section from to the end position EP1 are continuously friction-stir welded. The intermediate points S1 and S2 are set on the set movement route L1. The start position SP1 is set on the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 on the side away from the first metal member 1 with respect to the set movement route L1. In the present embodiment, the angle formed by the line segment connecting the start position SP1 and the intermediate point S1 and the set movement route L1 is set to an obtuse angle.

本接合工程の押入区間では、図10及び図11に示すように、開始位置SP1から中間点S1までの摩擦攪拌を行う。押入区間では、外周面21bに対して回転中心軸線Zを垂直にしつつ、右回転させた先端側ピンF3を開始位置SP1に挿入し、中間点S1まで移動させる。つまり、回転ツールFが相対移動する間、回転中心軸線Zが第二金属部材2の外周面21bの法線と重なるように設定する。この際、図10に示すように、少なくとも中間点S1に到達するまでに予め設定された「所定の深さ」に達するように先端側ピンF3を徐々に押し入れていく。つまり、回転ツールFを一ヶ所に留まらせることなく、回転ツールFを設定移動ルートL1に移動させながら徐々に下降させていく。「所定の深さ」とは、設定移動ルートL1上の中間点S1から中間点S2までの本区間において、先端側ピンF3を差し込む深さをいう。 In the closet section of the main joining step, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, friction stir welding is performed from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1. In the closet section, the tip side pin F3 rotated clockwise is inserted into the start position SP1 while the rotation center axis Z is perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface 21b, and is moved to the intermediate point S1. That is, the rotation center axis Z is set to overlap the normal line of the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 while the rotation tool F moves relative to each other. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10, the tip side pin F3 is gradually pushed in so as to reach a preset "predetermined depth" by at least reaching the intermediate point S1. That is, instead of keeping the rotation tool F in one place, the rotation tool F is gradually lowered while being moved to the set movement route L1. The "predetermined depth" means the depth at which the tip end side pin F3 is inserted in this section from the intermediate point S1 to the intermediate point S2 on the set movement route L1.

また、中間点S1に達した際に、先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1とがわずかに接触するように設定する。このとき、少なくとも先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1との接触により、第一金属部材1側の第一アルミニウム合金がわずかに削り取られ、第一アルミニウム合金が第二金属部材2側に混入する。また、基端側ピンF2の外周面と第二金属部材2の外周面21bとが接触するように設定する。また、先端側ピンF3の平坦面F4が段差側面13bを突き抜けるように設定する。そして、そのまま本区間の摩擦攪拌接合に移行する。なお、基端側ピンF2の外周面は、第二傾斜面13a2に接触させない方が好ましい。また、先端側ピンF3の平坦面F4が、段差側面13bと接触しないように挿入深さを設定してもよい。 Further, when the intermediate point S1 is reached, the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1 are set to slightly contact each other. At this time, at least the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the first metal member 1 are slightly scraped off from the first aluminum alloy on the first metal member 1 side, and the first aluminum alloy is on the second metal member 2 side. It mixes in. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 and the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 are set to come into contact with each other. Further, the flat surface F4 of the tip side pin F3 is set so as to penetrate the step side surface 13b. Then, the process shifts to friction stir welding in this section as it is. It is preferable that the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 is not brought into contact with the second inclined surface 13a2. Further, the insertion depth may be set so that the flat surface F4 of the tip end side pin F3 does not come into contact with the step side surface 13b.

ここで、回転ツールFの回転中心軸線Zを鉛直軸jに対して傾斜させる傾斜角度γは、先端側ピンF3の外周面とのなす傾斜角度α1(図1)から第二金属部材2の第一傾斜面13a1の傾斜角度β1(図8)を減算した値と同じになっており(γ=α1−β1)、また、基端側ピンF2の外周面とのなす傾斜角度α2(図1)から第二金属部材2の第二傾斜面13a2の傾斜角度β2(図8)を減算した値と同じになっている(γ=α2−β2)。図11の例では、回転中心軸線Zと鉛直軸jとが一致しており、傾斜角度γ=0である。回転中心軸線Zと鉛直軸jとが所定の角度をなすように回転中心軸線Zを傾けて、傾斜角度γが0より大きく又は小さくなってもよい。第一傾斜面13a1と第一傾斜面13a1に臨む先端側ピンF3の外周面は平行である。また、第二傾斜面13a2と第二傾斜面13a2に臨む基端側ピンF2の外周面は平行である。 Here, the inclination angle γ that inclines the rotation center axis Z of the rotation tool F with respect to the vertical axis j is from the inclination angle α1 (FIG. 1) formed by the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 to the second metal member 2. It is the same as the value obtained by subtracting the inclination angle β1 (FIG. 8) of the one inclined surface 13a1 (γ = α1-β1), and the inclination angle α2 formed with the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin F2 (FIG. 1). It is the same as the value obtained by subtracting the inclination angle β2 (FIG. 8) of the second inclined surface 13a2 of the second metal member 2 from the value (γ = α2-β2). In the example of FIG. 11, the rotation center axis Z and the vertical axis j coincide with each other, and the inclination angle γ = 0. The rotation center axis Z may be tilted so that the rotation center axis Z and the vertical axis j form a predetermined angle, and the inclination angle γ may be larger or smaller than 0. The outer peripheral surfaces of the tip end side pin F3 facing the first inclined surface 13a1 and the first inclined surface 13a1 are parallel. Further, the outer peripheral surfaces of the base end side pin F2 facing the second inclined surface 13a2 and the second inclined surface 13a2 are parallel.

つまり、回転ツールFの回転中心軸線Zを傾ける方向は傾斜角度α1,β1,α2,β2の関係によって決定される。例えば、「α1>β1,α2>β2」の場合に傾斜角度γは正の値となり、第一金属部材側に回転ツールFの回転中心軸線Zを傾ける。また、「α1<β1,α2<β2」の場合に傾斜角度γは負の値となり、第二金属部材2側に回転ツールFの回転中心軸線Zを傾ける。よって、傾斜角度γが0より大きく又は小さくする場合は、それに合わせて第一傾斜面13a1、第二傾斜面13a2の傾斜角度を調整する必要がある。それによって、第一傾斜面13a1と第一傾斜面13a1に臨む先端側ピンF3の外周面は平行となるようにする。また、第二傾斜面13a2と第二傾斜面13a2に臨む基端側ピンF2の外周面は平行となるようにする。 That is, the direction in which the rotation center axis Z of the rotation tool F is tilted is determined by the relationship between the tilt angles α1, β1, α2, and β2. For example, in the case of "α1> β1, α2> β2", the inclination angle γ becomes a positive value, and the rotation center axis Z of the rotation tool F is inclined toward the first metal member side. Further, when “α1 <β1, α2 <β2”, the inclination angle γ becomes a negative value, and the rotation center axis Z of the rotation tool F is tilted toward the second metal member 2. Therefore, when the inclination angle γ is larger or smaller than 0, it is necessary to adjust the inclination angles of the first inclined surface 13a1 and the second inclined surface 13a2 accordingly. As a result, the outer peripheral surfaces of the tip end side pins F3 facing the first inclined surface 13a1 and the first inclined surface 13a1 are made parallel to each other. Further, the outer peripheral surfaces of the base end side pins F2 facing the second inclined surface 13a2 and the second inclined surface 13a2 are made parallel to each other.

先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1との接触代(オフセット量)Nは、例えば、0<N≦1.0mmの間で設定し、好ましくは0<N≦0.85mmの間で設定し、より好ましくは0<N≦0.65mmの間で設定する。 The contact allowance (offset amount) N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1 is set, for example, between 0 <N ≦ 1.0 mm, and preferably 0 <N. It is set between ≦ 0.85 mm, and more preferably between 0 <N ≦ 0.65 mm.

設定移動ルートL1は、図11に示すように、先端側ピンF3の平坦面F4の中心が通過する軌跡を示している。つまり、設定移動ルートL1は、突合せ部J1の周方向において、第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1と先端側ピンF3の外周面とを平行にしつつ両者がわずかに接触するように設定されている。 As shown in FIG. 11, the set movement route L1 shows a locus through which the center of the flat surface F4 of the tip side pin F3 passes. That is, the set movement route L1 is set so that the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1 and the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 are made parallel to each other and slightly contact each other in the circumferential direction of the butt portion J1. ing.

本区間においては、上方から見た場合(外周面21b側から見た場合)に、平坦面F4の中心が、設定移動ルートL1と重なるように回転ツールFを相対移動させる。本区間においては、第二金属部材2の第二アルミニウム合金を突合せ部J1の隙間に流入させながら摩擦攪拌接合を行う。先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一傾斜面13a1とが接触しないように設定すると、突合せ部J1の接合強度が低くなる。一方、先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一傾斜面13a1との接触代Nが1.0mmを超えると第一金属部材1の第一アルミニウム合金が、第二金属部材2側に大量に混入して接合不良となるおそれがある。 In this section, the rotation tool F is relatively moved so that the center of the flat surface F4 overlaps with the set movement route L1 when viewed from above (when viewed from the outer peripheral surface 21b side). In this section, friction stir welding is performed while the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2 is allowed to flow into the gap of the butt portion J1. If the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 are set so as not to come into contact with each other, the joint strength of the butt portion J1 becomes low. On the other hand, when the contact allowance N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 exceeds 1.0 mm, a large amount of the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 is mixed into the second metal member 2 side. There is a risk of poor joining.

本区間では、図6に示すように、回転ツールFを一周させて先端側ピンF3が中間点S2に到達したら、そのまま離脱区間に移行する。離脱区間では、中間点S2から終了位置EP1に向かうまでの間に先端側ピンF3を徐々に上方に移動させて、終了位置EP1で第二金属部材2から先端側ピンF3を離脱させる。つまり、回転ツールFを一ヶ所に留まらせることなく、回転ツールFを終了位置EP1に移動させながら第二金属部材2から離間する方向に徐々に引抜いていく。終了位置EP1は、終了位置EP1と中間点S2とが結ぶ線分と設定移動ルートL1とでなす角度が鈍角となる位置に設定する。回転ツールFの移動軌跡には塑性化領域Wが形成される。 In this section, as shown in FIG. 6, when the rotation tool F goes around and the tip end side pin F3 reaches the intermediate point S2, the section shifts to the detachment section as it is. In the detachment section, the tip side pin F3 is gradually moved upward from the intermediate point S2 toward the end position EP1, and the tip end side pin F3 is detached from the second metal member 2 at the end position EP1. That is, without keeping the rotation tool F in one place, the rotation tool F is gradually pulled out in the direction away from the second metal member 2 while moving to the end position EP1. The end position EP1 is set at a position where the angle formed by the line segment connecting the end position EP1 and the intermediate point S2 and the set movement route L1 is an obtuse angle. A plasticized region W is formed in the movement locus of the rotation tool F.

以上説明した本実施形態における摩擦攪拌接合方法によれば、第二金属部材2と先端側ピンF3との摩擦熱によって突合せ部J1の主として第二金属部材2側の第二アルミニウム合金が攪拌されて塑性流動化され、突合せ部J1において第一金属部材1の段差傾斜面13aと、第二金属部材2の端面21aとを接合することができる。 According to the friction stir welding method in the present embodiment described above, the second aluminum alloy mainly on the second metal member 2 side of the butt portion J1 is agitated by the frictional heat between the second metal member 2 and the tip side pin F3. It is plastically fluidized, and the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 can be joined at the butt portion J1.

また、先端側ピンF3の先端側ピンF3の外周面を第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1にわずかに接触させるに留めるため、第一金属部材1から第二金属部材2への第一アルミニウム合金の混入を極力少なくすることができる。これにより、突合せ部J1においては主として第二金属部材2側の第二アルミニウム合金が摩擦攪拌されるため、接合強度の低下を抑制することができる。つまり、本接合工程では、先端側ピンF3の回転中心軸線Zに対して一方側と他方側で、先端側ピンF3が受ける材料抵抗の不均衡を極力少なくすることができる。これにより、塑性流動材がバランス良く摩擦攪拌されるため、接合強度の低下を抑制することができる。 Further, in order to keep the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 of the tip end side pin F3 slightly in contact with the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1, the first from the first metal member 1 to the second metal member 2. Mixing of aluminum alloy can be reduced as much as possible. As a result, in the butt portion J1, the second aluminum alloy on the second metal member 2 side is mainly frictionally agitated, so that a decrease in joint strength can be suppressed. That is, in this joining step, the imbalance of the material resistance received by the tip side pin F3 on one side and the other side with respect to the rotation center axis Z of the tip side pin F3 can be minimized. As a result, the plastic fluid material is frictionally agitated in a well-balanced manner, so that a decrease in joint strength can be suppressed.

また、本接合工程において、先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1とが平行となるように回転ツールFの位置を設定することで、先端側ピンF3と第一金属部材1とをバランスよく接触させることができる。また、第二金属部材2の外径を、第一金属部材1の外径よりも大きく設定することにより、接合部が金属不足になるのを防ぐことができる。また、本実施形態では、先端側ピンF3の平坦面F4が段差側面13bを突き抜けるように設定して摩擦攪拌接合を行うことで、第一金属部材1と第二金属部材2との接合強度をより高めることができる。また、本実施形態では、第一金属部材1はダイキャスト材からなり、第二金属部材2は展伸材からなることで、被接合金属部材Hを容易に形成することができる。 Further, in this joining step, by setting the position of the rotation tool F so that the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1 are parallel to each other, the tip side pin F3 and the first (1) The metal member 1 can be brought into contact with the metal member 1 in a well-balanced manner. Further, by setting the outer diameter of the second metal member 2 to be larger than the outer diameter of the first metal member 1, it is possible to prevent the joint portion from becoming short of metal. Further, in the present embodiment, the flat surface F4 of the tip side pin F3 is set so as to penetrate the step side surface 13b and friction stir welding is performed to increase the bonding strength between the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2. Can be enhanced. Further, in the present embodiment, the first metal member 1 is made of a die-cast material and the second metal member 2 is made of a wrought material, so that the metal member H to be joined can be easily formed.

また、本実施形態では、本接合工程において、基端側ピンF2の外周面と第二金属部材2の外周面21bとを接触させ、塑性流動材を押さえながら摩擦攪拌を行うため、バリの発生を抑制することができる。また、基端側ピンF2の外周面で塑性流動材を押えることができるため、接合表面(第一金属部材1の外周面11b及び第二金属部材2の外周面21b)に形成される段差凹溝を小さくすることができるとともに、段差凹溝の脇に形成される膨出部を無くすか若しくは小さくすることができる。また、基端側ピンF2の階段状のピン段差部F21は浅く、かつ、出口が広いため、塑性流動材を段差底面F21aで押えつつ塑性流動材がピン段差部F21の外部に抜けやすくなっている。そのため、基端側ピンF2で塑性流動材を押えても基端側ピンF2の外周面に塑性流動材が付着し難い。よって、接合表面粗さを小さくすることができるとともに、接合品質を好適に安定させることができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, in the main joining step, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 and the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 are brought into contact with each other, and friction stirring is performed while pressing the plastic fluid material, so that burrs are generated. Can be suppressed. Further, since the plastic fluid material can be pressed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2, the step recess formed on the joint surface (the outer peripheral surface 11b of the first metal member 1 and the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2). The groove can be made smaller, and the bulging portion formed on the side of the stepped concave groove can be eliminated or made smaller. Further, since the stepped pin step portion F21 of the base end side pin F2 is shallow and the outlet is wide, the plastic fluid material can be easily pulled out to the outside of the pin step portion F21 while pressing the plastic fluid material with the step bottom surface F21a. There is. Therefore, even if the plastic fluid material is pressed by the base end side pin F2, the plastic fluid material is unlikely to adhere to the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2. Therefore, the roughness of the joint surface can be reduced, and the joint quality can be suitably stabilized.

また、回転ツールFの回転中心軸線Zの鉛直軸jに対する傾斜角度γを、先端側ピンF3の外周面の回転中心軸線Zに対する傾斜角度α1から第一傾斜面13a1の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度β1を減算した値及び基端側ピンF2の外周面の回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度α2から第二傾斜面13a2の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度β2を減算した値に一致させることにより、傾斜角度α1,β1,α2,β2として最適な値を選択することができると共に、先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一傾斜面13a1及び基端側ピンF2の外周面と第二傾斜面13a2とをそれぞれ平行にして、先端側ピンF3及び基端側ピンF2の外周面と各第一傾斜面13a1及び第二傾斜面13a2との過度の接触を避けつつ、先端側ピンF3及び基端側ピンF2の外周面と各第一傾斜面13a1及び第二傾斜面13a2とを高さ方向に亘って極力近接させることができる。 Further, the inclination angle γ of the rotation center axis Z of the rotation tool F with respect to the vertical axis j is set, and the inclination angle β1 with respect to the vertical surface of the first inclination surface 13a1 is set from the inclination angle α1 with respect to the rotation center axis Z of the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3. By matching the subtracted value and the tilt angle β2 with respect to the vertical plane of the second tilted surface 13a2 from the tilt angle α2 with respect to the rotation center axis of the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin F2, the tilt angles α1, β1, α2 , Β2 can be selected as the optimum value, and the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 and the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin F2 and the second inclined surface 13a2 are made parallel to each other, and the tip is made parallel to each other. While avoiding excessive contact between the outer peripheral surfaces of the side pin F3 and the proximal end side pin F2 and the first inclined surface 13a1 and the second inclined surface 13a2, the outer peripheral surfaces of the distal end side pin F3 and the proximal end side pin F2 and each of the first. The one inclined surface 13a1 and the second inclined surface 13a2 can be brought close to each other as much as possible in the height direction.

また、傾斜角度α1,α2は、摩擦攪拌接合(FSW=Friction Stir Welding)の技術分野による回転ツールの設計思想により決定され、傾斜角度β1,β2は、鋳造分野(例えばダイキャスト)による金型の設計思想により決定される。つまり、傾斜角度α1,α2,β1,β2は共に設計思想によって最適な値があるので、「α1=β1,α2=β2」にすることは難しい場合がある。しかし、本実施形態によれば、傾斜角度α1,α2,β1,β2を自由に選択することが可能であるので最適な値を選択することができる。 Further, the inclination angles α1 and α2 are determined by the design concept of the rotation tool in the technical field of friction stir welding (FSW), and the inclination angles β1 and β2 are determined by the casting field (for example, die casting) of the mold. Determined by design concept. That is, since the inclination angles α1, α2, β1, and β2 all have optimum values depending on the design concept, it may be difficult to set “α1 = β1, α2 = β2”. However, according to the present embodiment, since the inclination angles α1, α2, β1, β2 can be freely selected, the optimum value can be selected.

図11の例では、基端側ピンF2の外周面と第二傾斜面13a2とは接触させていない。この場合は、第一金属部材1から第二金属部材2への第一アルミニウム合金の混入を極力少なくすることができる。これにより、突合せ部J1においては主として第二金属部材2側の第二アルミニウム合金が摩擦攪拌されるため、接合強度の低下を抑制することができる。 In the example of FIG. 11, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 and the second inclined surface 13a2 are not in contact with each other. In this case, it is possible to minimize the mixing of the first aluminum alloy from the first metal member 1 to the second metal member 2. As a result, in the butt portion J1, the second aluminum alloy on the second metal member 2 side is mainly frictionally agitated, so that a decrease in joint strength can be suppressed.

ここで、先端側ピンF3を設定移動ルートL1に挿入する際、設定移動ルートL1上に摩擦攪拌の開始位置を設定して所定の深さとなるまで鉛直方向に先端側ピンF3を押入すると、開始位置における摩擦熱が過大となる。これにより、当該開始位置において、第一金属部材1側の金属が第二金属部材2側に混入しやすくなり、接合不良の一因となるという問題がある。 Here, when the tip side pin F3 is inserted into the set movement route L1, the start position of friction stir welding is set on the set movement route L1 and the tip side pin F3 is pushed in in the vertical direction until it reaches a predetermined depth. The frictional heat at the position becomes excessive. As a result, at the start position, the metal on the first metal member 1 side is likely to be mixed on the second metal member 2 side, which causes a problem of contributing to poor joining.

これに対し、本実施形態の本接合工程の押入区間では、開始位置SP1から設定移動ルートL1と重複する位置まで回転ツールFを移動させつつ所定の深さとなるまで先端側ピンF3を徐々に押入することにより、設定移動ルートL1上で回転ツールFが停止して摩擦熱が局所的に過大になるのを防ぐことができる。 On the other hand, in the push-in section of the main joining step of the present embodiment, the tip side pin F3 is gradually pushed in while moving the rotation tool F from the start position SP1 to a position overlapping the set movement route L1 until it reaches a predetermined depth. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the rotation tool F from stopping on the set movement route L1 and causing the frictional heat to be locally excessive.

同様に、本接合工程の離脱区間では、設定移動ルートL1から終了位置EP1まで回転ツールFを移動させつつ所定の深さから先端側ピンF3を徐々に引き抜いて離脱させることにより、設定移動ルートL1上で回転ツールFが停止して摩擦熱が局所的に過大になるのを防ぐことができる。 Similarly, in the detachment section of the main joining step, the set movement route L1 is separated by gradually pulling out the tip side pin F3 from a predetermined depth while moving the rotation tool F from the set movement route L1 to the end position EP1. It is possible to prevent the rotating tool F from stopping and the frictional heat locally becoming excessive.

これらにより、設定移動ルートL1上で摩擦熱が過大となり、第一金属部材1から第二金属部材2へ第一アルミニウム合金が過剰に混入して接合不良となるのを防ぐことができる。 As a result, it is possible to prevent the frictional heat from becoming excessive on the set movement route L1 and excessive mixing of the first aluminum alloy from the first metal member 1 to the second metal member 2 resulting in poor joining.

また、本接合工程において、開始位置SP1及び終了位置EP1の位置は適宜設定すればよいが、開始位置SP1と設定移動ルートL1とのなす角度、終了位置EP1と設定移動ルートL1とのなす角度が鈍角となるように設定することにより、中間点S1,S2で回転ツールFの移動速度が低下することなくスムーズに本区間又は離脱区間に移行することができる。これにより、設定移動ルートL1上で回転ツールFが停止又は移動速度が低下することにより、摩擦熱が過大となることを防ぐことができる。なお、上方から見て回転ツールFの軌跡が円弧を描くように開始位置SP1から設定移動ルートL1に回転ツールFを移動させてもよい。同様に、上方から見て回転ツールFの軌跡が円弧を描くように設定移動ルートL1から終了位置EP1に回転ツールFを移動させてもよい。 Further, in the main joining step, the positions of the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 may be appropriately set, but the angle formed by the start position SP1 and the set movement route L1 and the angle formed by the end position EP1 and the set movement route L1 are different. By setting the angle to be obtuse, it is possible to smoothly shift to the main section or the departure section without reducing the moving speed of the rotation tool F at the intermediate points S1 and S2. As a result, it is possible to prevent the frictional heat from becoming excessive due to the rotation tool F stopping or the moving speed decreasing on the set movement route L1. The rotation tool F may be moved from the start position SP1 to the set movement route L1 so that the locus of the rotation tool F draws an arc when viewed from above. Similarly, the rotation tool F may be moved from the set movement route L1 to the end position EP1 so that the locus of the rotation tool F draws an arc when viewed from above.

また、本実施形態の本接合工程では、回転ツールFの回転方向及び進行方向は適宜設定すればよいが、回転ツールFの移動軌跡に形成される塑性化領域Wのうち、第一金属部材1(突合せ部J1側)がシアー側となり、第二金属部材2側がフロー側となるように回転ツールFの回転方向及び進行方向を設定した。第一金属部材1側がシアー側となるように設定することで、突合せ部J1の周囲における先端側ピンF3による攪拌作用が高まり、突合せ部J1における温度上昇が期待でき、突合せ部J1において第一金属部材1の段差傾斜面13aと、第二金属部材2の端面21aとをより確実に接合することができる。 Further, in the main joining step of the present embodiment, the rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotation tool F may be appropriately set, but among the plasticized regions W formed in the movement locus of the rotation tool F, the first metal member 1 The rotation direction and the traveling direction of the rotation tool F are set so that (butting portion J1 side) is on the shear side and the second metal member 2 side is on the flow side. By setting the first metal member 1 side to be the shear side, the stirring action by the tip side pin F3 around the butt portion J1 is enhanced, the temperature rise in the butt portion J1 can be expected, and the first metal in the butt portion J1. The stepped inclined surface 13a of the member 1 and the end surface 21a of the second metal member 2 can be joined more reliably.

なお、シアー側(Advancing side)とは、被接合部に対する回転ツールの外周の相対速度が、回転ツールの外周における接線速度の大きさに移動速度の大きさを加算した値となる側を意味する。一方、フロー側(Retreating side)とは、回転ツールの移動方向の反対方向に回転ツールが回動することで、被接合部に対する回転ツールの相対速度が低速になる側を言う。 The shear side (Advancing side) means the side where the relative speed of the outer circumference of the rotating tool with respect to the jointed portion is the value obtained by adding the magnitude of the moving speed to the magnitude of the tangential velocity on the outer circumference of the rotating tool. .. On the other hand, the flow side (Retreating side) refers to the side in which the relative speed of the rotating tool with respect to the jointed portion becomes low due to the rotation of the rotating tool in the direction opposite to the moving direction of the rotating tool.

また、第一金属部材1の第一アルミニウム合金は、第二金属部材2の第二アルミニウム合金よりも硬度の高い材料になっている。これにより、被接合金属部材Hの耐久性を高めることができる。また、第一金属部材1の第一アルミニウム合金をアルミニウム合金鋳造材とし、第二金属部材2の第二アルミニウム合金をアルミニウム合金展伸材とすることが好ましい。第一アルミニウム合金を例えば、JISH5302 ADC12等のAl−Si−Cu系アルミニウム合金鋳造材とすることにより、第一金属部材1の鋳造性、強度、被削性等を高めることができる。また、第二アルミニウム合金を例えば、JIS A1000系又はA6000系とすることにより、加工性、熱伝導性を高めることができる。 Further, the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 is a material having a higher hardness than the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2. Thereby, the durability of the metal member H to be joined can be enhanced. Further, it is preferable that the first aluminum alloy of the first metal member 1 is an aluminum alloy casting material and the second aluminum alloy of the second metal member 2 is an aluminum alloy wrought material. By using an Al—Si—Cu based aluminum alloy casting material such as JIS H5302 ADC12 as the first aluminum alloy, the castability, strength, machinability, etc. of the first metal member 1 can be improved. Further, by using, for example, JIS A1000 series or A6000 series as the second aluminum alloy, processability and thermal conductivity can be improved.

また、本接合工程においては、突合せ部J1の全周を摩擦攪拌接合するため、被接合金属部材Hの気密性及び水密性を高めることができる。また、本接合工程の終端部分において、回転ツールFが中間点S1を完全に通過してから終了位置EP1に向かうようにする。つまり、本接合工程によって形成された塑性化領域Wの各端部同士をオーバーラップさせることにより、より気密性及び水密性を高めることができる。 Further, in this joining step, since the entire circumference of the butt portion J1 is friction-stir welded, the airtightness and watertightness of the metal member H to be joined can be improved. Further, at the end portion of the main joining step, the rotation tool F is made to move toward the end position EP1 after completely passing through the intermediate point S1. That is, the airtightness and watertightness can be further improved by overlapping the ends of the plasticized region W formed by this joining step with each other.

なお、本接合工程では、回転ツールFの回転速度を一定としてもよいが、可変させてもよい。本接合工程の押入区間において、開始位置SP1における回転ツールFの回転速度をV1とし、本区間における回転ツールFの回転速度をV2とすると、V1>V2としてもよい。回転速度のV2は、設定移動ルートL1における予め設定された一定の回転速度である。つまり、開始位置SP1では、回転速度を高く設定しておき、押入区間内で徐々に回転速度を低減させながら本区間に移行してもよい。 In this joining step, the rotation speed of the rotation tool F may be constant, but may be variable. In the indentation section of the main joining step, if the rotation speed of the rotation tool F at the start position SP1 is V1 and the rotation speed of the rotation tool F in this section is V2, V1> V2 may be satisfied. The rotation speed V2 is a preset constant rotation speed in the set movement route L1. That is, at the start position SP1, the rotation speed may be set high, and the rotation speed may be gradually reduced in the closet section to shift to the main section.

また、本接合工程の離脱区間において、本区間における回転ツールFの回転速度をV2、終了位置EP1において離脱させるときの回転ツールFの回転速度をV3とすると、V3>V2としてもよい。つまり、離脱区間に移行したら、終了位置EP1に向けて徐々に回転速度を上げながら第二金属部材2から回転ツールFを離脱させてもよい。回転ツールFを第二金属部材2に押し入れる際又は第二金属部材2から離脱させる際に、前記のように設定することで、押入区間又は離脱区間時における少ない押圧力を、回転速度で補うことができるため、摩擦攪拌を好適に行うことができる。 Further, in the detachment section of the main joining step, if the rotation speed of the rotation tool F in this section is V2 and the rotation speed of the rotation tool F at the end position EP1 is V3, V3> V2 may be satisfied. That is, after shifting to the detachment section, the rotation tool F may be detached from the second metal member 2 while gradually increasing the rotation speed toward the end position EP1. When the rotary tool F is pushed into the second metal member 2 or separated from the second metal member 2, by setting as described above, the small pressing force in the indentation section or the detachment section is compensated by the rotation speed. Therefore, friction stir welding can be preferably performed.

[第二実施形態]
次に、本発明の第二実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法について説明する。第二実施形態では、図12及び図13に示すように、本接合工程における開始位置SP1及び終了位置EP1の位置をいずれも設定移動ルートL1上に設定する点で第一実施形態と相違する。第二実施形態では、第一実施形態と相違する部分を中心に説明する。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the friction stir welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the positions of the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 in the main joining step are both set on the set movement route L1. In the second embodiment, the parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

第二実施形態に係る液冷ジャケットの製造では、準備工程と、突合せ工程と、本接合工程とを行う。準備工程及び突合せ工程は、第一実施形態と同一である。 In the production of the liquid-cooled jacket according to the second embodiment, a preparation step, a butt step, and a main joining step are performed. The preparation step and the butt step are the same as those in the first embodiment.

本接合工程では、図12に示すように、開始位置SP1を設定移動ルートL1上に設定する。本接合工程では、開始位置SP1から中間点S1までの押入区間と、設定移動ルートL1上の中間点S1から一周廻って中間点S2までの本区間と、中間点S2から終了位置EP1(図13参照)までの離脱区間の三つの区間を連続して摩擦攪拌する。 In this joining step, as shown in FIG. 12, the start position SP1 is set on the set movement route L1. In this joining step, the intrusion section from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1, the main section from the intermediate point S1 on the set movement route L1 to the intermediate point S2, and the intermediate point S2 to the end position EP1 (FIG. 13). The three sections of the detachment section up to (see) are continuously rubbed and agitated.

押入区間では、図12に示すように、開始位置SP1から中間点S1までの摩擦攪拌を行う。押入区間では、回転中心軸線Zを垂直となるようにしつつ、右回転させた先端側ピンF3を開始位置SP1に挿入し、中間点S1まで移動させる。この際、少なくとも中間点S1に到達するまでに予め設定された「所定の深さ」に達するように先端側ピンF3を徐々に押し入れていく。つまり、回転ツールFを一ヶ所に留まらせることなく、回転ツールFを設定移動ルートL1に移動させながら徐々に下降させていく。 In the closet section, as shown in FIG. 12, friction stir welding is performed from the start position SP1 to the intermediate point S1. In the closet section, the tip side pin F3 rotated clockwise is inserted into the start position SP1 and moved to the intermediate point S1 while keeping the rotation center axis Z vertical. At this time, the tip side pin F3 is gradually pushed in so as to reach a preset "predetermined depth" by at least reaching the intermediate point S1. That is, instead of keeping the rotation tool F in one place, the rotation tool F is gradually lowered while being moved to the set movement route L1.

また、押入区間においては、中間点S1に達した際に、先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の第一傾斜面13a1とがわずかに接触するように設定する。さらに、基端側ピンF2の外周面と第二金属部材2の外周面21bとが接触するように設定するとともに、基端側ピンF2の平坦面F4が第一金属部材1の段差側面13bを突き抜けるように設定する。先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の第二傾斜面13a2とは接触させてもよいが、接触させない方が好ましい。この回転ツールFの姿勢を維持した状態で、そのまま本区間の摩擦攪拌接合に移行する。先端側ピンF3の外周面と第一金属部材1の段差傾斜面13aとの接触代(オフセット量)N及び設定移動ルートL1の設定は第一実施形態と同一である。 Further, in the closet section, when the intermediate point S1 is reached, the outer peripheral surface of the tip side pin F3 and the first inclined surface 13a1 of the first metal member 1 are set to slightly contact each other. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin F2 and the outer peripheral surface 21b of the second metal member 2 are set to be in contact with each other, and the flat surface F4 of the base end side pin F2 forms a stepped side surface 13b of the first metal member 1. Set to penetrate. The outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 and the second inclined surface 13a2 of the first metal member 1 may be brought into contact with each other, but it is preferable not to bring them into contact with each other. While maintaining the posture of the rotary tool F, the process shifts to the friction stir welding in this section as it is. The contact allowance (offset amount) N between the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin F3 and the stepped inclined surface 13a of the first metal member 1 and the setting of the set movement route L1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

本区間では、図13のように設定移動ルートL1に沿って回転ツールFを一周させる。回転ツールFを一周させて先端側ピンF3が中間点S2に到達したら、そのまま離脱区間に移行する。終了位置EP1は、設定移動ルートL1上に設定されている。離脱区間では、中間点S2から終了位置EP1に向かうまでの間に先端側ピンF3を徐々に引き抜いて、終了位置EP1で第二金属部材2から先端側ピンF3を離脱させる。つまり、回転ツールFを一ヶ所に留まらせることなく、回転ツールFを終了位置EP1に移動させながら徐々に引抜いていく。 In this section, the rotation tool F is made to go around along the set movement route L1 as shown in FIG. When the tip side pin F3 reaches the intermediate point S2 by rotating the rotation tool F once, the process shifts to the detachment section as it is. The end position EP1 is set on the set movement route L1. In the detachment section, the tip end side pin F3 is gradually pulled out from the intermediate point S2 toward the end position EP1, and the tip end side pin F3 is detached from the second metal member 2 at the end position EP1. That is, the rotation tool F is gradually pulled out while being moved to the end position EP1 without staying in one place.

以上説明した第二実施形態に係る摩擦攪拌接合方法によっても第一実施形態と略同等の効果を奏することができる。さらに、第二実施形態に係る本接合工程の押入区間では、回転ツールFを設定移動ルートL1上で移動させつつ所定の深さとなるまで先端側ピンF3を徐々に押入することにより、設定移動ルートL1上の一点で回転ツールFが停止して摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。また、第二実施形態に係る本接合工程の離脱区間では、回転ツールFを設定移動ルート上で移動させつつ先端側ピンF3を徐々に離脱させることにより、設定移動ルートL1上の一点で回転ツールFが停止して摩擦熱が過大になるのを防ぐことができる。第二実施形態のように本接合工程における開始位置SP1及び終了位置EP1は、設定移動ルートL1上に設定してもよい。 The friction stir welding method according to the second embodiment described above can also achieve substantially the same effect as that of the first embodiment. Further, in the closet section of the main joining step according to the second embodiment, the set movement route is moved by gradually pushing the tip side pin F3 until the depth reaches a predetermined depth while moving the rotation tool F on the set movement route L1. It is possible to prevent the rotation tool F from stopping at one point on L1 and causing the frictional heat to become excessive. Further, in the detachment section of the main joining step according to the second embodiment, the rotation tool F is moved on the set movement route and the tip side pin F3 is gradually detached, so that the rotation tool can be rotated at one point on the set movement route L1. It is possible to prevent F from stopping and excessive frictional heat. As in the second embodiment, the start position SP1 and the end position EP1 in the main joining step may be set on the set movement route L1.

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、適宜設計変更が可能である。例えば、第一金属部材1及び第二金属部材2は、矩形、多角形、楕円形等他の断面形状の柱状部材でもよい。また、両方とも中実部材でもよいし、両方とも筒状部材でもよい。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the design can be changed as appropriate. For example, the first metal member 1 and the second metal member 2 may be columnar members having other cross-sectional shapes such as a rectangle, a polygon, and an ellipse. Further, both may be solid members, or both may be tubular members.

1 第一金属部材
2 第二金属部材
13a1 第一傾斜面
13a2 第二傾斜面
21a 端面
F 回転ツール
F2 基端側ピン
F3 先端側ピン
F4 平坦面
J1 突合せ部
SP1 開始位置
EP1 終了位置
W 塑性化領域
1 First metal member 2 Second metal member 13a1 First inclined surface 13a2 Second inclined surface 21a End surface F Rotation tool F2 Base end side pin F3 Tip side pin F4 Flat surface J1 Butt SP1 Start position EP1 End position W Plasticization area

Claims (10)

大径部の端部に小径部を備えた柱状の第一金属部材と、前記小径部と略同等の内径を有する筒状の第二金属部材とを端部同士で突き合わせて形成された被接合金属部材の突合せ部に対して、基端側ピンと先端側ピンとを備える回転ツールを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、
前記第一金属部材は、第一アルミニウム合金で形成されており、前記大径部の端面の内径側に第一傾斜面を備えるとともに、外径側に第二傾斜面を備え、
前記第二金属部材は、第二アルミニウム合金で形成されており、端面は垂直面を備え、前記第一アルミニウム合金は前記第二アルミニウム合金よりも硬度が高い材種であり、
前記基端側ピンのテーパー角度は、前記先端側ピンのテーパー角度よりも大きくなっており、前記基端側ピンの外周面には階段状のピン段差部が形成されており、
前記第二金属部材の開口部に前記第一金属部材の前記小径部を挿入することにより、前記第二金属部材の内周面と前記第一金属部材の段差側面とを重ね合わせるとともに、前記第二金属部材の端面と前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面とを突き合わせて突合せ部に断面V字状の隙間を形成する突合せ工程と、
回転する前記回転ツールの前記先端側ピンを前記第二金属部材の外周面に挿入し、前記先端側ピンの外周面を前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面にわずかに接触させつつ、前記基端側ピンの外周面を前記第二金属部材の外周面に接触させた状態で、前記隙間に前記第二アルミニウム合金を流入させながら、前記突合せ部よりも前記第二金属部材側に設定された設定移動ルートに沿って所定の深さで前記第二金属部材の外周面の廻りに一周させて前記突合せ部を摩擦攪拌する本接合工程と、を含み、
前記本接合工程では、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線の鉛直軸に対する傾斜角度をγとし、前記第一傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ1とし、前記第二傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ2とし、前記先端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα1とし、前記基端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα2とすると、γ=α1−β1且つγ=α2−β2にした状態で接合を行うことを特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。
A columnar first metal member having a small diameter portion at the end of a large diameter portion and a tubular second metal member having an inner diameter substantially equal to that of the small diameter portion are abutted against each other to be joined. A friction stir welding method in which friction stir welding is performed on a butt portion of a metal member using a rotary tool provided with a base end side pin and a tip end side pin.
The first metal member is made of a first aluminum alloy, and has a first inclined surface on the inner diameter side of the end surface of the large diameter portion and a second inclined surface on the outer diameter side.
The second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy, has an end face having a vertical surface, and the first aluminum alloy is a grade having a higher hardness than the second aluminum alloy.
The taper angle of the base end side pin is larger than the taper angle of the tip end side pin, and a stepped pin step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin.
By inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into the opening of the second metal member, the inner peripheral surface of the second metal member and the stepped side surface of the first metal member are overlapped, and the first (Ii) A butt step of abutting the end face of the metal member and the first inclined surface of the first metal member to form a gap having a V-shaped cross section in the butt portion.
The tip-side pin of the rotating tool is inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is slightly brought into contact with the first inclined surface of the first metal member. In a state where the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, the second aluminum alloy is set to be closer to the second metal member side than the butt portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap. This includes a main joining step of rubbing and stirring the butt portion by making a round around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member at a predetermined depth along the set movement route.
In the main joining step, the inclination angle of the rotation center axis of the rotation tool with respect to the vertical axis is γ, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is β1, and the inclination angle of the second inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is set. Assuming that β2 is defined, the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α1, and the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α2, γ = α1-β1 and γ A friction-stirring joining method characterized in that joining is performed in a state where = α2-β2.
前記突合せ部に形成される塑性化領域の始端と終端とがオーバーラップしており、前記塑性化領域の一部が重複していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein the start end and the end of the plasticized region formed in the butt portion overlap, and a part of the plasticized region overlaps. 前記第二金属部材の外径は、前記第一金属部材の大径部の外径よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 The friction stir welding method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer diameter of the second metal member is larger than the outer diameter of the large diameter portion of the first metal member. 前記第一金属部材が前記回転ツールの進行方向左側に位置する場合、前記回転ツールを右回転させ、
前記第一金属部材が前記回転ツールの進行方向右側に位置する場合、前記回転ツールを左回転させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。
When the first metal member is located on the left side in the traveling direction of the rotation tool, the rotation tool is rotated clockwise to rotate the first metal member to the right.
The friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the first metal member is located on the right side in the traveling direction of the rotation tool, the rotation tool is rotated counterclockwise.
前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルート上に設定した開始位置から回転する前記先端側ピンを挿入し、進行方向に移動させつつ所定の深さとなるまで徐々に前記先端側ピンを押入することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 In the main joining step, the tip side pin that rotates from the start position set on the set movement route is inserted, and the tip side pin is gradually pushed in until it reaches a predetermined depth while moving in the traveling direction. The friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the friction stir welding method is characterized. 前記本接合工程において、回転する前記先端側ピンを前記設定移動ルートよりもさらに前記第一金属部材から離間した側に設定した開始位置に挿入した後、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線を前記設定移動ルートと重複する位置まで移動させつつ前記所定の深さとなるまで前記先端側ピンを徐々に押入することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 In the main joining step, after inserting the rotating tip-side pin into a set start position on a side further away from the first metal member than the set movement route, the rotation center axis of the rotation tool is set and moved. The friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tip side pin is gradually pushed in until the predetermined depth is reached while moving to a position overlapping the route. 前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルート上に終了位置を設定し、前記突合せ部に対する摩擦攪拌の後、前記回転ツールを前記終了位置に移動させつつ前記先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜いて前記終了位置で前記第二金属部材から前記回転ツールを離脱させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 In the main joining step, the end position is set on the set movement route, and after friction stir welding with respect to the butt portion, the tip side pin is gradually pulled out while moving the rotation tool to the end position to reach the end position. The friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the rotary tool is separated from the second metal member. 前記本接合工程において、前記設定移動ルートよりもさらに前記第一金属部材から離間した側に終了位置を設定し、前記突合せ部に対する摩擦攪拌の後、前記回転ツールを前記終了位置に移動させつつ前記先端側ピンを徐々に引き抜いて前記終了位置で前記第二金属部材から前記回転ツールを離脱させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 In the main joining step, the end position is set on a side further away from the first metal member than the set movement route, and after friction stir welding with respect to the butt portion, the rotation tool is moved to the end position. The friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tip side pin is gradually pulled out to separate the rotating tool from the second metal member at the end position. 前記本接合工程において、前記先端側ピンの先端が、前記第一金属部材の前記段差側面を突き抜けた状態で前記突合せ部の摩擦攪拌を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の摩擦攪拌接合方法。 4. The friction stir welding method according to item 1. 大径部の端部に小径部を備えた円柱状の第一金属部材と、前記小径部と略同等の内径を有する円筒状の第二金属部材とを端面同士で突き合わせて形成された被接合金属部材の突合せ部に対して基端側ピンと先端側ピンとを備える回転ツールを用いて摩擦攪拌を行う摩擦攪拌接合方法であって、
前記第一金属部材は、第一アルミニウム合金で形成されており、前記大径部の端面の内径側に第一傾斜面を備えるとともに、外径側に第二傾斜面を備え、
前記第二金属部材は、第二アルミニウム合金で形成されており、端面は垂直面を備え、前記第一アルミニウム合金は前記第二アルミニウム合金よりも硬度が高い材種であり、
前記基端側ピンのテーパー角度は、前記先端側ピンのテーパー角度よりも大きくなっており、前記基端側ピンの外周面には階段状のピン段差部が形成されており、
前記第二金属部材の開口部に前記第一金属部材の前記小径部を挿入することにより、前記第二金属部材の内周面と前記第一金属部材の段差側面とを重ね合わせるとともに、前記第二金属部材の端面と前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面とを突き合わせて突合せ部に断面V字状の隙間を形成する突合せ工程と、
回転する前記回転ツールの前記先端側ピンを前記第二金属部材の外周面に挿入し、前記先端側ピンの外周面を前記第一金属部材の前記第一傾斜面にわずかに接触させつつ、前記基端側ピンの外周面を前記第二金属部材の外周面に接触させた状態で、前記隙間に前記第二アルミニウム合金を流入させながら、前記突合せ部よりも前記第二金属部材側に設定された設定移動ルートに沿って所定の深さで前記第二金属部材の外周面の廻りに一周させて前記突合せ部を摩擦攪拌する本接合工程と、を含み、
前記本接合工程では、前記回転ツールの回転中心軸線の鉛直軸に対する傾斜角度をγとし、前記第一傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ1とし、前記第二傾斜面の鉛直面に対する傾斜角度をβ2とし、前記先端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα1とし、前記基端側ピンの外周面の前記回転中心軸線に対する傾斜角度をα2とすると、γ=α1−β1且つγ=α2−β2にした状態で接合を行うことを特徴とする摩擦攪拌接合方法。
A cylindrical first metal member having a small diameter portion at the end of a large diameter portion and a cylindrical second metal member having an inner diameter substantially equal to that of the small diameter portion are abutted against each other to be joined. This is a friction stir welding method in which friction stir welding is performed using a rotary tool provided with a base end side pin and a tip end side pin for a butt portion of a metal member.
The first metal member is made of a first aluminum alloy, and has a first inclined surface on the inner diameter side of the end surface of the large diameter portion and a second inclined surface on the outer diameter side.
The second metal member is formed of a second aluminum alloy, has an end face having a vertical surface, and the first aluminum alloy is a grade having a higher hardness than the second aluminum alloy.
The taper angle of the base end side pin is larger than the taper angle of the tip end side pin, and a stepped pin step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin.
By inserting the small diameter portion of the first metal member into the opening of the second metal member, the inner peripheral surface of the second metal member and the stepped side surface of the first metal member are overlapped, and the first (Ii) A butt step of abutting the end face of the metal member and the first inclined surface of the first metal member to form a gap having a V-shaped cross section in the butt portion.
The tip-side pin of the rotating tool is inserted into the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, and the outer peripheral surface of the tip-side pin is slightly brought into contact with the first inclined surface of the first metal member. In a state where the outer peripheral surface of the base end side pin is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member, the second aluminum alloy is set to be closer to the second metal member side than the butt portion while flowing the second aluminum alloy into the gap. This includes a main joining step of rubbing and stirring the butt portion by making a circuit around the outer peripheral surface of the second metal member at a predetermined depth along the set movement route.
In the main joining step, the inclination angle of the rotation center axis of the rotation tool with respect to the vertical axis is γ, the inclination angle of the first inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is β1, and the inclination angle of the second inclined surface with respect to the vertical surface is set. Assuming that β2 is defined, the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the tip end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α1, and the inclination angle of the outer peripheral surface of the proximal end side pin with respect to the rotation center axis is α2, γ = α1-β1 and γ A friction-stirring joining method characterized in that joining is performed in a state where = α2-β2.
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