JP2021103954A - Method of producing porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; and fish meat kneaded product using the same as raw material - Google Patents

Method of producing porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; and fish meat kneaded product using the same as raw material Download PDF

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JP2021103954A
JP2021103954A JP2019236225A JP2019236225A JP2021103954A JP 2021103954 A JP2021103954 A JP 2021103954A JP 2019236225 A JP2019236225 A JP 2019236225A JP 2019236225 A JP2019236225 A JP 2019236225A JP 2021103954 A JP2021103954 A JP 2021103954A
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meat
fish
fish meat
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博晶 鈴木
Hiroaki Suzuki
博晶 鈴木
暢彦 植木
Nobuhiko Ueki
暢彦 植木
良平 三▲崎▼
Ryohei Misaki
良平 三▲崎▼
鈴木 智博
Tomohiro Suzuki
智博 鈴木
兼智 神
Kanetomo Jin
兼智 神
建栄 万
Kenei Yorozu
建栄 万
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SUZUHIRO KAMABOKO HONTEN KK
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Abstract

To provide: a method of producing a porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material, in producing a fish meat kneaded product, capable of reducing a storage cost of the raw material, improving the production efficiency, and decreasing fluctuation in the quality of a fish meat kneaded product produced; the porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; and the fish meat kneaded product using the same as raw material.SOLUTION: A method of producing a porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material of this invention comprises: a preparation step of removing a fish head and guts to obtain a fish dress; a meat collection step of collecting fish meat from the fish dress; a rinsing step of washing the collected fish meat to obtain rinsed meat; a refining step of removing scales and small bones of the rinsed meat to obtain refined meat; a dehydration step of dehydrating the refined meat to obtain dehydrated meat; a stirring/mixing step of adding saccharide to the dehydrated meat and stirring/mixing the mixture to obtain a base; a molding step of molding the base into a sheet or the like; a freezing step of freezing the base using a freezing facility; and a freeze-drying step of sublimation-drying the frozen base using a freeze-drying machine.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造方法、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料、及びこれを原料とする魚肉練り製品に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a porous highly active fish protein dry material, a porous highly active fish protein dry material, and a fish paste product using the same as a raw material.

魚肉練り製品は、魚肉すり身に、食塩を加えて攪拌・混合を行ったものの中に、調味料、澱粉、水等を加えたすり身ペーストを成形し、これを加熱して製造される。原料となる魚については、スケソウダラ、ミナミダラ、ブルーホワイティング、シログチ、フエダイ、ハモ、エソ、パシフィックホワイティング、イトヨリ、カマス、アジ、イワシ、カレイ、オキギス、サメ等が用いられる。 A fish paste product is produced by molding a surimi paste containing seasonings, starch, water, etc. in a mixture of minced fish meat, which has been stirred and mixed with salt, and then heated. As the raw material fish, walleye pollock, southern blue whiting, blue whiting, white croaker, sardine, conger, lizardfish, Pacific whiteting, Itoyori, barracuda, horse mackerel, sardine, flatfish, oyster, shark and the like are used.

魚肉すり身に食塩を加えて攪拌、混合し、魚肉タンパク質をゲル化させる工程は古くから「塩ズリ」と称されている。この塩ズリは、攪拌擂潰器(バチ)、カッティングミキサーなどを用いて行われている。尚、この塩ズリに際しては、食塩の他に必要に応じ澱粉、卵白、みりん、アミノ酸その他の調味料を加えることもある。塩ズリされた魚肉すり身は、さらに必要に応じ調味料や澱粉、水などが添加され、ペースト状に練られる。このペースト状に練られた物を成形した後、45℃以下で加温する、いわゆる「坐り」と称される処理を経て、又はかかる処理を経ることなく直ちに、中心温度75℃、1分間以上に加熱することで魚肉練り製品が製造される。尚、上記の成形時にあるいは成形よりも前の工程において昆布、魚肉塊、チーズ、種物などが添加されることもある。 The process of adding salt to minced fish meat, stirring and mixing to gel the fish meat protein has long been called "salt shavings". This salt scraping is performed using a stirring and grinding device (bachi), a cutting mixer, and the like. In addition to salt, starch, egg white, mirin, amino acids and other seasonings may be added to the salt shavings as needed. The salted fish paste is kneaded into a paste by adding seasonings, starch, water, etc. as necessary. After molding this paste-like product, it is heated at 45 ° C. or lower, that is, through a so-called "sitting" treatment, or immediately without such treatment, the center temperature is 75 ° C. for 1 minute or more. A fish paste product is produced by heating to. In addition, kelp, fish loaf, cheese, seeds and the like may be added at the time of the above molding or in a step prior to molding.

従来、このような魚肉練り製品を製造する際には、原料として冷凍すり身(原料となる魚から採肉して、水晒し、脱水、裏漉した後に、砂糖等を加えて混ぜ合わせ、これを急速冷凍することによって製造されたもの)を用いるのが一般的である。 Conventionally, when producing such a fish paste product, frozen surimi (meat is collected from the raw material fish, exposed to water, dehydrated, strained, and then mixed with sugar and the like, and then rapidly frozen. It is common to use (manufactured by doing).

例えば、冷凍すり身を原料とする魚肉練り製品は、以下のように製造される(例えば、特許文献1参照)。まず、冷凍すり身の塊を大まかに粗砕し(フローズンカッターによる粗砕工程)、さらにこれを細砕した後に、解凍する。その後、細砕・解凍されたすり身に食塩、調味料、澱粉、水等を加え、これを撹拌・混合して調味すり身とする。さらに、この調味すり身を予め定められた形状に成型し、加熱、冷却、包装して魚肉練り製品を得る。 For example, a fish paste product made from frozen surimi is produced as follows (see, for example, Patent Document 1). First, the mass of frozen surimi is roughly crushed (coarse crushing step with a frozen cutter), further crushed, and then thawed. Then, salt, seasoning, starch, water, etc. are added to the crushed and thawed surimi, and this is stirred and mixed to obtain a seasoned surimi. Further, this seasoned surimi is molded into a predetermined shape, heated, cooled, and packaged to obtain a fish paste product.

しかしながら、冷凍すり身を用いた魚肉練り製品の製造においては、原料としての冷凍すり身の冷凍輸送や冷凍保管が不可欠であり、使用するまでの設備コストがかかる。また、冷凍すり身に食塩、調味料、澱粉、水等を加えて撹拌・混合し、調味すり身とするには、冷凍すり身を解凍する作業が必要となるが、その解凍作業には時間がかかり、温度管理も必要となるため、作業効率が低下するという問題がある。さらに、冷凍すり身を用いた魚肉練り製品では、冷凍保管状態により冷凍すり身の魚肉の質が大きく変化するため、製造された魚肉練り製品の品質がばらつくという問題がある。 However, in the production of fish paste products using frozen surimi, frozen transportation and frozen storage of frozen surimi as a raw material are indispensable, and equipment costs until use are required. In addition, in order to add salt, seasoning, starch, water, etc. to frozen surimi and stir and mix to make seasoned surimi, it is necessary to thaw the frozen surimi, but the thawing work takes time. Since temperature control is also required, there is a problem that work efficiency is lowered. Further, in the fish paste product using frozen surimi, there is a problem that the quality of the produced fish paste product varies because the quality of the frozen surimi fish meat changes greatly depending on the frozen storage state.

この問題を解決するため、冷凍すり身を一旦解凍した後、予め定められた形状に成型する成型工程、或いは調味料などを添加後、撹拌・混合して調味すり身とする撹拌・混合工程を経た後、凍結乾燥させる幾つかの方法が提案されている。 In order to solve this problem, after the frozen surimi is thawed once, it is molded into a predetermined shape, or after adding seasonings, etc., it is stirred and mixed to make a seasoned surimi. , Several methods of freeze-drying have been proposed.

例えば、特許文献2では、冷凍すり身を解凍してトレイにのばして成形した後、再凍結させた状態で加温による凍結乾燥をしたものを原料としてかまぼこを作る方法が記載されている。また、特許文献3では、冷凍すり身を削ってから、解凍して食塩、調味料や副材料を混合した後、再凍結させた状態で凍結乾燥をしたものを粉砕する方法が記載されている。 For example, Patent Document 2 describes a method of making kamaboko from a frozen surimi that has been thawed, spread on a tray, molded, and then freeze-dried by heating in a re-frozen state. Further, Patent Document 3 describes a method in which frozen surimi is shaved, thawed, mixed with salt, seasonings and auxiliary materials, and then freeze-dried in a re-frozen state and crushed.

ここで、凍結乾燥とは、混合物中の非水性成分の濃度が増大するように、凍結された混合物を昇華乾燥すること、すなわち、凍結された混合物から、通常は真空下で、昇華方式によって含有水分を除去することを指す。凍結乾燥された混合物(凍結乾燥物質)は、典型的には、この凍結乾燥の工程中に、当該混合物の内部から水蒸気が蒸発する際に生成される多孔質構造を持つ。凍結乾燥物質の長所としては、以下の点が挙げられる。
1.熱による色の変化や、成分の変化など変性を防ぐ。
2.水分を極めて少なくすることで、常温にあっても腐敗しにくく長期間保存できる。
3.形状を凍結乾燥させる直前の状態のままで維持でき、また対応する生の状態よりも著しく軽量である。
4.凍結乾燥後の形状がスポンジ状の多孔質となっているため、水やお湯を加えれば、短時間で元の状態に戻すことが可能である。
Here, lyophilization is the sublimation drying of a frozen mixture so that the concentration of non-aqueous components in the mixture is increased, that is, it is contained from the frozen mixture, usually under vacuum, by a sublimation method. Refers to removing water. The lyophilized mixture (lyophilized material) typically has a porous structure formed as water vapor evaporates from the inside of the mixture during this lyophilization process. The advantages of freeze-dried substances are as follows.
1. 1. Prevents denaturation such as color changes and component changes due to heat.
2. By extremely reducing the water content, it does not spoil even at room temperature and can be stored for a long period of time.
3. 3. The shape can be maintained in its pre-lyophilized state and is significantly lighter than the corresponding raw state.
4. Since the shape after freeze-drying is sponge-like porous, it can be restored to its original state in a short time by adding water or hot water.

特開平09−37741号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 09-37741 特開昭57−206365号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-206365 特開2010−273590号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-273590

しかしながら、特許文献2,3で提案される方法は、いずれも凍結乾燥させる前に、冷凍すり身の解凍、再凍結を行う。この再凍結により、すり身中の氷結晶が成長し、魚肉タンパク質の主成分であるミオシンの変性を引き起こす。これにより、魚肉タンパク質のゲル形成能力が低下し、魚肉練り製品特有の食感が得られなくなるという問題が生じる。 However, in each of the methods proposed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, the frozen surimi is thawed and re-frozen before freeze-drying. This refreezing causes the growth of ice crystals in surimi, causing denaturation of myosin, which is the main component of fish meat protein. This causes a problem that the gel-forming ability of the fish meat protein is lowered and the texture peculiar to the fish paste product cannot be obtained.

例えば、特許文献2には、その提案される方法でかまぼこを作った場合、常法によるかまぼこよりは、やや弾力性が乏しく、かたい感じがあると記載されている。 For example, Patent Document 2 describes that when a kamaboko is made by the proposed method, the elasticity is slightly less than that of the kamaboko by a conventional method, and the kamaboko feels hard.

一方、凍結乾燥は、今まで医療や基礎研究の分野で細胞や試薬など少量保管の場合に使われているが、産業的に生産される魚肉すり身などの食品素材は、54cm×37cm×5cm、10kgのブロック状であり、表面積が少ない。よって、このようなブロック状のままで魚肉すり身を凍結乾燥させようとしても、温度拡散や水分の移動に時間が掛かり、凍結乾燥時に魚肉すり身中の含有水分は上手く昇華乾燥できず、魚肉タンパク質の主成分であるミオシンが変性してしまうという問題が生じる。 On the other hand, freeze-drying has been used in the fields of medical treatment and basic research for the storage of small amounts of cells and reagents, but industrially produced food materials such as fish meat are 54 cm x 37 cm x 5 cm. It has a block shape of 10 kg and has a small surface area. Therefore, even if an attempt is made to freeze-dry the ground fish meat in such a block shape, it takes time for temperature diffusion and movement of water, and the water content in the ground fish meat cannot be sublimated and dried well during freeze-drying. There is a problem that myosin, which is the main component, is denatured.

また従来、冷凍すり身を用いた魚肉練り製品は、製造メーカの製造規格によって一律に製造されるため、顧客が、好みに合った特性、例えば、硬さを持った魚肉練り製品を自由に選択することができないという問題がある。その上、顧客は、製造直後の魚肉練り製品を食することができないため、魚の良質な蛋白質を十分摂取できないという問題がある。 In addition, conventionally, fish paste products using frozen surimi are uniformly manufactured according to the manufacturing standards of the manufacturers, so that customers can freely select fish paste products with characteristics that suit their tastes, for example, hardness. There is a problem that it cannot be done. In addition, the customer cannot eat the fish paste product immediately after production, so that there is a problem that the high-quality protein of the fish cannot be sufficiently ingested.

そこで、本発明は、このような問題を解決すべく、保管コストを削減して魚肉練り製品を製造する際の作業効率を向上させ、且つ製造される魚肉練り製品の品質のばらつきを少なくできる多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造方法、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料、及びこれを原料とする魚肉練り製品を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, the present invention has a high porosity capable of reducing the storage cost, improving the work efficiency when producing the fish paste product, and reducing the variation in the quality of the produced fish paste product. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an active fish meat protein dry material, a porous highly active fish meat protein dry material, and a fish paste product using the same as a raw material.

加えて、本発明は、魚肉練り製品の製造において、製造される魚肉練り製品の特性を顧客の好みに合ったものにでき、しかも、良質な蛋白質を顧客が十分摂取できる魚肉練り製品を製造できる多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造方法、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料、及びこれを原料とする魚肉練り製品を提供することを目的とする。 In addition, the present invention has a high porosity capable of producing a fish paste product in which the characteristics of the fish paste product to be produced can be adapted to the customer's taste in the production of the fish paste product, and the fish paste product can be produced so that the customer can sufficiently ingest high-quality protein. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an active fish meat protein dry material, a porous highly active fish meat protein dry material, and a fish paste product using the same as a raw material.

本発明の請求項1に係る製造方法は、魚肉練り製品の原料として用いられる多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造方法であって、魚の頭と内臓を除去し、魚ドレスとする調理工程と、前記魚ドレスから魚肉を採肉する採肉工程と、前記採肉した魚肉を洗い、晒し肉とする水晒し工程と、前記晒し肉の鱗や小骨を除去し、精製肉とする精製工程と、前記精製肉を脱水し、脱水肉とする脱水工程と、前記脱水肉に糖類を添加して攪拌混合し、ベースとする攪拌混合工程と、前記ベースをシート状、ペレット状、粒状、小片状、及びキューブ状のいずれか1つに成型する成型工程と、冷凍設備で前記成型されたベースを凍結する凍結工程と、前記凍結されたベースを凍結乾燥機にて昇華乾燥させる凍結乾燥工程とを有することを特徴とする。 The production method according to claim 1 of the present invention is a method for producing a porous highly active fish protein drying material used as a raw material for a fish paste product, which comprises a cooking step of removing fish heads and internal organs to form a fish dress. A meat-collecting step of collecting fish meat from the fish dress, a water-exposing step of washing the collected fish meat and making it into bleached meat, and a purification step of removing scales and small bones of the bleached meat to make refined meat. A dehydration step of dehydrating the refined meat to obtain dehydrated meat, a stirring and mixing step of adding saccharides to the dehydrated meat and stirring and mixing the base, and using the base as a sheet, pellet, granular, and small pieces. , And a molding step of molding into any one of cubes, a freezing step of freezing the molded base in a freezing facility, and a freeze-drying step of sublimating and drying the frozen base with a freeze-dryer. It is characterized by having.

本発明によれば、魚肉練り製品の製造において、その原料の保管コストを削減し、その作業効率を向上させ、製造される魚肉練り製品の品質のばらつきを少なくできる。加えて、魚肉練り製品の製造において、製造される魚肉練り製品の特性を顧客の好みに合ったものにでき、しかも、良質な蛋白質を顧客が十分摂取できる魚肉練り製品を製造できる。 According to the present invention, in the production of a fish paste product, the storage cost of the raw material thereof can be reduced, the work efficiency thereof can be improved, and the variation in the quality of the produced fish paste product can be reduced. In addition, in the production of a fish paste product, the characteristics of the produced fish paste product can be made to suit the customer's taste, and the fish paste product can be produced so that the customer can sufficiently ingest high-quality protein.

本発明の実施形態に係る多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造工程のフローチャートである。It is a flowchart of the manufacturing process of the porous highly active fish protein dry material which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 実施例2,3で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の内部多孔質構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真である。3 is an electron micrograph showing the internal porous structure of the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in the steps shown in Examples 2 and 3. シログチの冷凍すり身、および実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を粉末にしたものの夫々の長期保管前後でのタンパク質組成の変化をSDS−PAGEにより測定した結果を示す図である。The results of measuring the changes in protein composition before and after long-term storage of the frozen surimi of white croaker and the porous highly active fish protein dried material produced in the process shown in Example 2 before and after long-term storage were measured by SDS-PAGE. It is a figure which shows. シログチの冷凍すり身、および実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の夫々から調製したケーシングの物性値を比較するグラフである。It is a graph which compares the physical property value of the casing prepared from each of the frozen surimi of silver white croaker and the porous highly active fish protein dry material produced in the process shown in Example 2.

以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を詳しく説明する。尚、以下の実施形態は特許請求の範囲に係る本発明を限定するものでなく、また本実施形態で説明されている特徴の組み合わせの全てが本発明の解決手段に必須のものとは限らない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following embodiments do not limit the present invention according to the claims, and not all combinations of features described in the present embodiment are essential for the means for solving the present invention. ..

はじめに、本願発明に係る魚肉練り製品について説明する。 First, the fish paste product according to the present invention will be described.

厚生労働省の定義によれば、魚肉練り製品とは、魚肉を主原料として、擂り潰し、これに調味料、補強剤その他の材料を加えてねったものを、蒸し煮、あぶり焼き、湯煮、油揚げ、くん煙等の加熱操作によって製品とした食品で次のようなものをいう(昭和44年3月15日厚生省告示第63号)。 According to the definition of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, fish paste products are made by mashing fish meat as the main ingredient, adding seasonings, reinforcing agents and other ingredients, and then steaming, roasting, boiling in hot water, and frying. , The following are foods made into products by heating operations such as smoke (March 15, 1969, Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 63).

蒸し煮:蒸し蒲鉾、蒸しちくわ、す巻き、しんじょ及びこれらの類似品。
あぶり焼き:焼き蒲鉾、焼きちくわ、南ばん焼き、木葉かまぼこ(笹かまぼこ)、厚焼き、伊達巻及びこれらの類似品。
湯煮:はんぺん、あんぺん、つみいれ、すじ、す巻き及びこれらの類似品。
油揚げ:さつま揚げ、揚げかまぼこ及びこれらの類似品。
くん煙:ツナハム、魚肉ソーセージ及びこれらの類似品。
その他電化焼等上の製法によらないもの。
また、未加熱であっても魚肉すり身は魚肉練り製品として取り扱われる。
Braising: Steamed Kamaboko, steamed chikuwa, sushi rolls, shinjo and similar products.
Aburiyaki: Grilled Kamaboko, Grilled Chikuwa, Minamiban-yaki, Konoha Kamaboko (Sasa Kamaboko), Atsushi-yaki, Datemaki and similar products.
Boiled in hot water: Hanpen, anpen, tsumire, streaks, simmered rolls and similar products.
Fried fried tofu: Satsuma-age, fried kamaboko and similar products.
Smoked smoke: tuna ham, fish sausage and similar products.
Others that do not depend on the above manufacturing method such as electrification.
In addition, the ground fish meat is treated as a fish paste product even if it is not heated.

本願発明に係る魚肉練り製品はこの定義によるものである。 The fish paste product according to the present invention is based on this definition.

次に図1のフローチャートを用いて、本発明の実施形態に係る多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造工程を説明する。 Next, the manufacturing process of the porous highly active fish protein drying material according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

図1に示す様に、本発明の多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造工程には、主な工程として、魚の調理工程、採肉工程、水晒し工程、精製工程、脱水工程、攪拌混合工程、成型工程、凍結工程、及び凍結乾燥工程が含まれる。また、図1に示す様に、凍結乾燥工程により得られた多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を袋詰めする包装工程を製造工程に含めてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the main steps in the manufacturing step of the porous highly active fish protein drying material of the present invention are a fish cooking step, a meat sampling step, a water exposure step, a purification step, a dehydration step, and a stirring and mixing step. , Molding step, freezing step, and freeze-drying step are included. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a packaging step of bagging the porous highly active fish protein drying material obtained by the freeze-drying step may be included in the manufacturing step.

調理工程では、魚の頭と内臓を取り除く。原料の魚は、特に限定されないが、スケソウダラ、ミナミダラ、ブルーホワイティング、シログチ、フエダイ、ハモ、エソ、パシフィックホワイティング、イトヨリ、カマス、アジ、イワシ、カレイ、オキギス、サメ等が用いられる。原料の魚は、頭と内臓を取り除き、水洗いする。頭を取り除く際には、頭の後の肉を残すように頭を斜めに切り落とす。また、この調理工程は、包丁を使って手作業で行ってもよいし、自動調理機で行ってもよい。また、水洗いとは、魚洗機を使い、鱗や血合を取り除く作業を指す。 In the cooking process, the fish head and internal organs are removed. The raw material fish is not particularly limited, but Alaska pollack, Southern blue whiting, Blue whiting, White croaker, Fuedai, Hamo, Eso, Pacific whiteting, Itoyori, Kamas, Aji, Sardine, Flatfish, Okigisu, Shark and the like are used. For raw fish, remove the head and internal organs and wash with water. When removing the head, cut off the head diagonally so as to leave the meat behind the head. Further, this cooking process may be performed manually using a kitchen knife or may be performed by an automatic cooking machine. Washing with water refers to the work of removing scales and blood using a fish washing machine.

採肉工程では、頭と内臓が取り除かれた魚から、皮と骨を取り除き魚ドレスとした後、採肉機により細切された魚肉を採肉する。この採肉工程は、5mmの網目から魚肉を採肉するロール式の採肉機を使用してもよいし、キャタビラ−式採肉機やスタンプ式採肉機等の他の採肉機を使用してもよい。 In the meat-collecting process, the skin and bones are removed from the fish from which the head and internal organs have been removed to form a fish dress, and then the fish meat shredded by a meat-collecting machine is collected. In this meat collection process, a roll-type meat collection machine that collects fish meat from a 5 mm mesh may be used, or another meat collection machine such as a caterpillar-type meat collection machine or a stamp-type meat collection machine is used. You may.

水晒し工程では、細切された魚肉の水さらしを行う。ここでは、晒しタンクとロータリースクリーン(回転ふるい)とを組み合わせた水さらしを2回繰り返す。 In the water bleaching process, the shredded fish meat is bleached with water. Here, water bleaching, which is a combination of a bleaching tank and a rotary screen (rotary sieve), is repeated twice.

具体的には、前晒しとして、まず、細切された魚肉を、ロータリースクリーンに入れ、水を吹き付けながら回転させて、魚肉表面の水溶性の肉成分を洗い落とす。その後、この魚肉100kgを、容量が800リットルのタンクの中に入れ、真水400リットルを加えて攪拌し、静置して魚肉を沈殿させる。この際に、魚肉のpH値が6.5〜7.5の範囲、好ましくは6.8〜7.2の範囲になるように、重曹(NaHCO)を加えて調整する。また、水晒しの間に水面に浮いてきた脂肪を、網を使ってこまめに取り除く。そして、魚肉が沈殿したところで上澄み液を取り除く。 Specifically, as pre-bleaching, first, the shredded fish meat is placed in a rotary screen and rotated while spraying water to wash off the water-soluble meat components on the surface of the fish meat. Then, 100 kg of this fish meat is placed in a tank having a capacity of 800 liters, 400 liters of fresh water is added, and the mixture is stirred and allowed to stand to precipitate the fish meat. At this time, baking soda (NaHCO 3 ) is added so that the pH value of the fish meat is in the range of 6.5 to 7.5, preferably in the range of 6.8 to 7.2. In addition, the fat that floats on the surface of the water during water exposure is frequently removed using a net. Then, when the fish meat has settled, the supernatant liquid is removed.

次に、本晒しとして、まず、前晒しが終わった魚肉と水の混合物を、ロータリースクリーンに移し、水を吹き付けながら回転させて、水切りと魚肉表面の水溶性の肉成分を洗い落す。その後、この魚肉を容量が800リットルのタンクに入れて、前さらしと同じ方法で攪拌・静置して魚肉を沈殿させる。また、この本晒し作業の後に、以下説明する凍結工程における凍結乾燥の際、タンパク質が変性することを防止すべく、魚肉を4w/w%〜12w/w%の砂糖液に浸漬してもよい。 Next, as the main bleaching, first, the mixture of fish meat and water that has been pre-bleached is transferred to a rotary screen and rotated while spraying water to wash off the water-soluble meat components on the surface of the fish meat. Then, the fish meat is placed in a tank having a capacity of 800 liters and stirred and allowed to stand in the same manner as in the pre-bleaching method to precipitate the fish meat. Further, after this main bleaching operation, the fish meat may be immersed in a sugar solution of 4 w / w% to 12 w / w% in order to prevent protein denaturation during freeze-drying in the freezing step described below. ..

精製工程では、水晒しが終わった魚肉(晒し肉ともいう)を、ロータリースクリーンに入れて、水きりを行い、さらに、この魚肉を、リファイナーに通して鱗や小骨などの夾雑物を取り除いて精製する。 In the refining process, fish meat that has been exposed to water (also called bleached meat) is placed in a rotary screen and drained, and this fish meat is further refined by passing it through a refiner to remove impurities such as scales and small bones. ..

脱水工程では、精製した魚肉(精製肉)を、スクリュープレスなどの圧搾式、またはデカンターなどの遠心式の脱水装置を通し、魚肉の水分含量を72w/w%〜90w/w%、好ましくは81w/w%〜86w/w%に調整し、脱水する。 In the dehydration step, the refined fish meat (refined meat) is passed through a pressing type such as a screw press or a centrifugal type dehydrating device such as a decanter to adjust the water content of the fish meat to 72 w / w% to 90 w / w%, preferably 81 w. Adjust to / w% to 86w / w% and dehydrate.

攪拌混合工程では、脱水した魚肉(脱水肉)をサイレントカッターやニーダーなどの攪拌容器に投入し、凍結変性防止剤である砂糖(ショ糖)などの糖類を2w/w%〜15w/w%、好ましくは4w/w%〜10w/w%、更に好ましくは6w/w%〜8w/w%や重合リン酸塩を0%〜0.5w/w%、好ましくは0〜0.25w/w%を添加し攪拌混合することで身質を均一(平均化)にし、加糖すり身を得る。この工程で使用される糖類は、ショ糖、トレハロースなどの二糖、ブドウ糖、果糖などの単糖、ソルビトール、ラクチトールなどの糖アルコールが好ましい。また、この工程で使用される重合リン酸塩は、ポリリン酸塩、ピロリン酸塩、或いはこれらの混合物であって、pH値は6〜8の中性範囲のものである。または加糖すり身にさらに食塩などの調味料、澱粉や卵白などの副材料を添加して攪拌混合することで身質を均一(平均化)にし、調味すり身を得てもよい。この際、食塩を添加した塩ズリすり身を調味すり身として得る場合、撹拌・混合温度は8℃以下(例えば、5℃)であることが好ましい。撹拌・混合温度が8℃を超えると、塩ズリすり身に含有されるミオシンが食塩によって溶出され、塩ズリすり身の粘性が増加(ゲル化)して、撹拌・混合作業がしにくくなる。さらに、調味すり身の酸化を防止するために、撹拌・混合工程は真空状態で行うことが好ましい。 In the stirring and mixing step, the dehydrated fish meat (dehydrated meat) is put into a stirring container such as a silent cutter or a kneader, and sugars such as sugar (sucrose), which is an antifreeze denaturation agent, are added at 2 w / w% to 15 w / w%. It is preferably 4 w / w% to 10 w / w%, more preferably 6 w / w% to 8 w / w%, or 0% to 0.5 w / w% of the polymerized phosphate, preferably 0 to 0.25 w / w%. Is added and stirred and mixed to make the meat uniform (averaged) and to obtain sugar-sweetened surimi. The sugars used in this step are preferably disaccharides such as sucrose and trehalose, monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and lactitol. The polymerized phosphate used in this step is a polyphosphate, a pyrophosphate, or a mixture thereof, and has a pH value in the neutral range of 6 to 8. Alternatively, a seasoning such as salt and an auxiliary material such as starch or egg white may be further added to the sweetened surimi and mixed by stirring to make the meat uniform (averaged) and obtain the seasoned surimi. At this time, when the salted surimi to which salt is added is obtained as the seasoning surimi, the stirring / mixing temperature is preferably 8 ° C. or lower (for example, 5 ° C.). When the stirring / mixing temperature exceeds 8 ° C., the myosin contained in the salted surimi is eluted with salt, the viscosity of the salted surimi increases (gels), and the stirring / mixing operation becomes difficult. Further, in order to prevent oxidation of the seasoned surimi, it is preferable that the stirring / mixing step is performed in a vacuum state.

成型工程では、成型対象(ベース)である、攪拌混合工程で得た加糖すり身、或いは調味すり身を各種機械に通して、シート状、ペレット状、キューブ状、粒状、または小片状に成型する。以下説明する凍結工程において、この成型工程における成型後のすり身の凍結乾燥をし易くするため、そのすり身厚さは2.5cm以下、好ましくは1.0cm以下にする。 In the molding step, the sugar-sweetened surimi or seasoned surimi obtained in the stirring and mixing step, which is the molding target (base), is passed through various machines to be molded into a sheet shape, a pellet shape, a cube shape, a granular shape, or a small piece shape. In the freezing step described below, the thickness of the surimi is 2.5 cm or less, preferably 1.0 cm or less, in order to facilitate freeze-drying of the surimi after molding in this molding step.

凍結工程では、成型した各形状の加糖すり身、或いは調味すり身を−20℃以下、好ましくは−40℃以下の普通冷凍庫、IQF、コンタクトフリーザー、スパイラルフリーザー、スチールベルト式凍結機などの冷媒を空気媒体とする冷凍設備、または液体窒素、低温アルコール溶液などを使用する冷媒を液体媒体とする冷凍設備を用いて凍結させる。 In the freezing process, each shape of the molded sweetened ground meat or seasoned ground meat is cooled to -20 ° C or lower, preferably -40 ° C or lower, and a refrigerant such as IQF, contact freezer, spiral freezer, or steel belt type freezer is used as an air medium. Freeze using a freezing facility that uses liquid nitrogen, a low-temperature alcohol solution, or the like as a liquid medium.

凍結乾燥工程では、凍結した各形状の加糖すり身、或いは調味すり身を予め冷却した真空凍結乾燥機に入れ、解凍せずに、真空下で水分を昇華させる凍結乾燥を行う。これにより、成型工程で成型された形状の多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料が得られる。 In the freeze-drying step, each frozen surimi or seasoned surimi is placed in a pre-cooled vacuum freeze-dryer, and freeze-dried by sublimating water under vacuum without thawing. As a result, a porous highly active fish protein drying material having a shape molded in the molding step can be obtained.

包装工程では、凍結乾燥した各形状の加糖すり身、或いは調味すり身を袋詰めする。尚、シート状に成型した場合は粉砕後に袋詰めを行い、それ以外の形状に成型した場合はそのまま袋詰めを行う。 In the packaging process, freeze-dried sugar-sweetened surimi or seasoned surimi is packed in a bag. If it is molded into a sheet, it is crushed and then bagged, and if it is molded into another shape, it is packed as it is.

(実施例)
次に、以上説明した製造工程を用いて製造した多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の実施例について説明する。
(Example)
Next, examples of the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced by using the production process described above will be described.

実施例1
漁獲後、船上で氷蔵して、工場に入荷させたフエダイ(Lutjanus lutjanus, Lutjanus spp.)を、魚洗機で水温12℃で洗浄した後、その頭や内臓を除去するよう調理し、ロール式採肉機によりその魚肉を採肉した。採肉された魚肉を、ロータリースクリーンに入れ、水を吹き付けながら回転させて、魚肉に付着した血液や他の水溶性成分を洗い落とした。そして、この魚肉100kgを、容量が800リットルのタンクの中に入れ、10℃の真水400リットルを加えて攪拌し、静置して魚肉を沈殿させた。この際に、魚肉のpH値が6.8〜7.2の範囲になるように、重曹(NaHCO)を加えて調整した。また、水晒しの間に水面に浮いてきた脂肪を、網を使ってこまめに取り除いた。そして、魚肉が沈殿したところで上澄み液を取り除いた。この作業を二度繰り返した。
Example 1
After catching, snappers (Lutjanus lutjanus, Lutjanus spp.) That have been frozen on board and delivered to the factory are washed with a fish washing machine at a water temperature of 12 ° C, cooked to remove their heads and internal organs, and rolled. The fish meat was collected by a meat collecting machine. The collected fish meat was placed in a rotary screen and rotated while spraying water to wash off blood and other water-soluble components attached to the fish meat. Then, 100 kg of this fish meat was placed in a tank having a capacity of 800 liters, 400 liters of fresh water at 10 ° C. was added, and the mixture was stirred and allowed to stand to precipitate the fish meat. At this time, baking soda (NaHCO 3 ) was added so that the pH value of the fish meat was in the range of 6.8 to 7.2. In addition, the fat that floated on the surface of the water during water exposure was frequently removed using a net. Then, when the fish meat had settled, the supernatant liquid was removed. This work was repeated twice.

水晒しが終わった魚肉(晒し肉ともいう)を、ロータリースクリーンに入れて、水きりを行い、さらに、この魚肉を、リファイナーに通して鱗や小骨などの夾雑物を取り除いて精製する。精製した魚肉を、スクリュープレスにかけて、魚肉の水分含量を83±2w/w%に調整し、脱水した。 Fish meat that has been exposed to water (also called bleached meat) is placed in a rotary screen, drained, and then passed through a refiner to remove impurities such as scales and small bones and refined. The purified fish meat was screw-pressed to adjust the water content of the fish meat to 83 ± 2 w / w% and dehydrated.

脱水した魚肉(フエダイ脱水肉)をサイレントカッターに投入し、凍結変性防止剤である砂糖を8w/w%添加し、3分間攪拌・混合することで身質を均一にし、生の加糖すり身を得た。 Dehydrated fish meat (snapper dehydrated meat) is put into a silent cutter, sugar, which is an antifreeze denaturation agent, is added at 8 w / w%, and the meat is made uniform by stirring and mixing for 3 minutes to obtain raw sugared surimi. rice field.

得られた生の加糖すり身をシート成型機にかけ、厚さ0.8cmのすり身シートに成型した後、このすり身シートをスチールベルト式凍結機に載せ、−42℃で凍結後、予め冷却した真空凍結乾燥機に移し、水分が5%以下になるように凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥が終了したすり身シートは、粉砕し、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料として袋詰めした。 The obtained raw sugar-sweetened surimi was placed in a sheet molding machine to be molded into a 0.8 cm-thick surimi sheet, and then the surimi sheet was placed on a steel belt type freezer, frozen at −42 ° C., and then vacuum-frozen in advance. It was transferred to a dryer and freeze-dried so that the water content was 5% or less. The surimi sheet that had been freeze-dried was crushed and packaged as a porous highly active fish protein drying material.

実施例2
漁獲後、箱詰めで氷蔵して、工場に入荷させたシログチ(Pennahia argentata)を、ラウンドの状態(調理しない原型のままの状態)で水温12℃で洗浄した後、その頭や内臓を除去するよう調理し、ロール式採肉機によりその魚肉を採肉した。採肉された魚肉を、ロータリースクリーンに入れ、水を吹き付けながら回転させて、魚肉に付着した血液や他の水溶性成分を洗い落とした。そして、この魚肉100kgを、容量が800リットルのタンクの中に入れ、15℃の真水400リットルを加えて攪拌し、静置して魚肉を沈殿させた。この際に、魚肉のpH値が6.8〜7.2の範囲になるように、重曹(NaHCO)を加えて調整した。また、水晒しの間に水面に浮いてきた脂肪を、網を使ってこまめに取り除いた。そして、魚肉が沈殿したところで上澄み液を取り除いた。この作業を二度繰り返した。
Example 2
After catching, the white croaker (Pennahia argentata) that has been frozen in a box and received at the factory is washed in a round state (as it is in the original state without cooking) at a water temperature of 12 ° C, and then its head and internal organs are removed. It was cooked and the fish meat was collected by a roll-type meat collector. The collected fish meat was placed in a rotary screen and rotated while spraying water to wash off blood and other water-soluble components attached to the fish meat. Then, 100 kg of this fish meat was placed in a tank having a capacity of 800 liters, 400 liters of fresh water at 15 ° C. was added, and the mixture was stirred and allowed to stand to precipitate the fish meat. At this time, baking soda (NaHCO 3 ) was added so that the pH value of the fish meat was in the range of 6.8 to 7.2. In addition, the fat that floated on the surface of the water during water exposure was frequently removed using a net. Then, when the fish meat had settled, the supernatant liquid was removed. This work was repeated twice.

水晒しが終わった魚肉(晒し肉ともいう)を、ロータリースクリーンに入れて、水きりを行い、さらに、この魚肉を、リファイナーに通して鱗や小骨などの夾雑物を取り除いて精製する。精製した魚肉を、スクリュープレスにかけて、魚肉の水分含量を83±2w/w%に調整し、脱水した。 Fish meat that has been exposed to water (also called bleached meat) is placed in a rotary screen, drained, and then passed through a refiner to remove impurities such as scales and small bones and refined. The purified fish meat was screw-pressed to adjust the water content of the fish meat to 83 ± 2 w / w% and dehydrated.

脱水した魚肉(シログチ脱水肉)をサイレントカッターに投入し、凍結変性防止剤である砂糖を8w/w%添加し、3分間攪拌・混合することで身質を均一にし、生の加糖すり身を得た。 Dehydrated fish meat (Silver white croaker dehydrated meat) is put into a silent cutter, sugar, which is an antifreeze denaturation agent, is added at 8 w / w%, and the meat is made uniform by stirring and mixing for 3 minutes to obtain raw sugared surimi. rice field.

得られた生の加糖すり身をペレット成型機にかけ、直径0.5cmのペレット状に成型した後、このペレット状の加糖すり身をスチールベルト式凍結機に載せ、−40℃で凍結後、予め冷却した真空凍結乾燥機に移し、水分が5%以下になるように凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥が終了したペレット状の加糖すり身は、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料としてそのまま袋詰めした。 The obtained raw sugar-sweetened surimi was placed in a pellet molding machine to form pellets having a diameter of 0.5 cm, and then the pellet-shaped sugar-sweetened surimi was placed on a steel belt type freezer, frozen at -40 ° C, and then cooled in advance. It was transferred to a vacuum freeze-dryer and freeze-dried so that the water content was 5% or less. The pellet-shaped sugar-sweetened surimi that had been freeze-dried was directly packed as a porous highly active fish protein drying material.

実施例3
上記実施例1及び実施例2の工程の途中で得られるフエダイ脱水肉及びシログチ脱水肉を各々40kgずつ、サイレントカッターに投入し、食塩2kg、氷5kgを投入後、5分間擂り、さらに砂糖7kg、みりん2kg、調味料混合液3kg、澱粉2kg、氷5kgを投入し、10分間擂って調味すり身を得た。この調味すり身を成型機にかけ、2.0cm×2.0cm×2.0cmのキューブ状に成型した後、このキューブ状の調味すり身をエアブラストで−40℃で凍結し、さらに予め冷却した真空凍結乾燥機に移し、水分が5w/w%以下になるように凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥が終了したキューブ状の調味すり身は、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料としてそのまま袋詰めした。
Example 3
40 kg each of the dehydrated mirin meat and the dehydrated white croaker obtained in the middle of the steps of Examples 1 and 2 was put into a silent cutter, 2 kg of salt and 5 kg of ice were added, and then squeezed for 5 minutes, and then 7 kg of sugar. 2 kg of mirin, 3 kg of seasoning mixture, 2 kg of starch and 5 kg of ice were added and squeezed for 10 minutes to obtain seasoned meat. This seasoned surimi is placed in a molding machine to be molded into a cube of 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm, and then the cube-shaped surimi is frozen at −40 ° C. by air blasting and further cooled in a vacuum. It was transferred to a dryer and freeze-dried so that the water content was 5 w / w% or less. The cube-shaped seasoned surimi that had been freeze-dried was directly packed as a porous highly active fish protein drying material.

実施例4
実施例1で示した工程で製造され、袋詰めされた多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料(乾燥凍結後、粉砕されたフエダイの加糖すり身)を袋からボールカッターに移し、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料:水=1:4の比率で加水し、常法より食塩や調味料などを投入した後、撹拌・混合、成型、加熱を行うことでかまぼこを製造した。
Example 4
The porous highly active fish protein drying material (sweetened surimi of crushed snappers after drying and freezing) produced in the process shown in Example 1 and packed in a bag is transferred from the bag to a ball cutter, and the porous highly active fish protein is transferred. Dry material: Water = 1: 4, water was added, salt and seasonings were added by a conventional method, and then stirring, mixing, molding, and heating were performed to produce kamaboko.

実施例5
料理人が実施例3で示した工程で製造され、袋詰めされた多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料(キューブ状に成型後、乾燥凍結されたフエダイとシログチの調味すり身)を袋からボウルに移し、多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料:水=1:5の比率で加水し、ヘラで馴染ませた後、さらに出汁調味液と具材を混ぜ捏ねて、成形、加熱を行うことで和食料理のしんじょを作った。
Example 5
The cook transfers the porous, highly active fish as food protein drying material (molded into cubes and then dried and frozen seasoned surimi of Fuedai and Shiroguchi) produced in the process shown in Example 3 from the bag to the bowl. , Porous highly active fish as food protein Drying material: Water = 1: 5 water, mix with spatula, then mix and knead the soup seasoning liquid and ingredients, mold and heat to make Japanese food I made a surimi.

(多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の活性)
図2(a)は、実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料(ペレット状に成型後、乾燥凍結されたシログチの加糖すり身)の内部多孔質構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真であり、図2(b)は、実施例3で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料(キューブ状に成型後、乾燥凍結されたフエダイとシログチの調味すり身)の内部多孔質構造を示す電子顕微鏡写真である。
(Activity of porous highly active fish protein dry material)
FIG. 2A shows an electron showing the internal porous structure of the porous highly active fish as food protein drying material (sweetened surimi of silver white croaker that has been molded into pellets and then dried and frozen) produced in the step shown in Example 2. FIG. 2 (b) is a micrograph of a porous highly active fish as food protein drying material (molded into a cube and then dried and frozen seasoned surimi of white croaker and white croaker) produced in the process shown in Example 3. It is an electron micrograph showing an internal porous structure.

これらの電子顕微鏡写真は、実施例2及び実施例3で示した夫々の工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の断面を、日本電子(株)製のJSM−5600LV走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、低真空モード、15kV、100倍することで得た。 These electron micrographs show a cross section of the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in each of the steps shown in Examples 2 and 3, and a JSM-5600LV scanning electron microscope manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Was obtained by multiplying by 100 in a low vacuum mode at 15 kV.

図2(a)に示す電子顕微鏡写真から、実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料は、微細な内部多孔質構造を持つことがわかった。 From the electron micrograph shown in FIG. 2 (a), it was found that the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in the step shown in Example 2 had a fine internal porous structure.

一方、図2(b)に示す電子顕微鏡写真から、実施例3で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料は、乾燥凍結前の段階で調味すり身に含まれる食塩によりミオシン(塩溶性タンパク)が溶け出し、そのゲル化が一部開始していることがみてとれるが、依然として内部多孔質構造を保持していることがわかった。 On the other hand, from the electron micrograph shown in FIG. 2 (b), the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in the step shown in Example 3 was prepared by using salt contained in the seasoned surimi in the stage before drying and freezing. It can be seen that the salt-soluble protein) has dissolved and some gelation has started, but it has been found that it still retains the internal porous structure.

図3は、シログチの冷凍すり身、および実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料(ペレット状に成型後、乾燥凍結されたシログチの加糖すり身)を粉末としたものの夫々の長期保管前後でのタンパク質組成の変化をSDS−PAGEにより測定した結果を示す図である。 FIG. 3 shows a powder of frozen surimi of silver white croaker and a porous highly active fish protein drying material (sweetened surimi of silver white croaker that has been molded into pellets and then dried and frozen) produced in the process shown in Example 2. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the change of the protein composition before and after each long-term storage by SDS-PAGE.

魚肉筋原繊維の主要な構成タンパク質であり、魚肉練り製品の弾力形成に重要なタンパク質であるミオシンの長期保管中の変化を確認するため、SDS(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate)−ポリアクリルアミド電気泳動(PAGE:Poly−Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis)により、図3に示す各サンプルのタンパク質組成を比較した。すなわち、下記に示すサンプルをそれぞれタンパク質変性剤溶液(pH8.0、8Mの尿素、2%のSDS、2%のβ−メルカプトエタノールを含む20mMのTris−HCl)で溶解した後、1レーンあたり7.5μgのタンパク質をアプライし、10%のSDS−PAGEゲルを用いて、定電流20mAの条件下で電気泳動させ、タンパク質組成を比較した。 SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to confirm changes during long-term storage of myosin, which is a major constituent protein of fish meat myofibrils and an important protein for the elasticity formation of fish paste products. -Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) compared the protein composition of each sample shown in FIG. That is, after dissolving the samples shown below with a protein denaturant solution (pH 8.0, 8M urea, 2% SDS, 2% β-mercaptoethanol-containing 20 mM Tris-HCl), 7 per lane. A 5.5 μg protein was applied and electrophoresed on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel under a constant current of 20 mA to compare protein compositions.

図3に示す各サンプルは以下の通りである。 Each sample shown in FIG. 3 is as follows.

魚肉: シログチ鮮魚の背側肉
すり身:水分82.0%の晒し身(魚肉を水晒し後、脱水したもの)に8%の砂糖を混合・撹拌して調製したもの
すり身凍結前:すり身の調製直後のもの
すり身調製直後:すり身を凍結後にすぐ解凍したもの
すり身長期保管:すり身を−23℃で1年間保管後、解凍したもの
フリーズドライ粉末:実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を粉砕して調製したもの
フリーズドライ粉末調製直後:フリーズドライ粉末の調製直後のもの
フリーズドライ粉末長期保管:フリーズドライ粉末を−23℃で1年間保管したもの
Fish meat: Surimi of fresh fish Surimi: Prepared by mixing and stirring 8% sugar in 82.0% water-exposed meat (water-exposed fish meat and then dehydrated) Before freezing of surimi: Preparation of surimi Immediately after preparation of surimi: Immediately after freezing and thawing of surimi Long-term storage of surimi: Thawed after storing surimi at -23 ° C for 1 year Freeze-dried powder: Porous produced by the process shown in Example 2. Highly active fish meat protein Prepared by crushing dried material Freeze-dried powder Immediately after preparation: Immediately after preparation of freeze-dried powder Freeze-dried powder Long-term storage: Freeze-dried powder stored at -23 ° C for 1 year

図3に示す様に、実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料から得られたフリーズドライ粉末は長期保管しても、シログチ鮮魚とタンパク質組成はほぼ同等である、すなわち、魚肉練り製品の弾力形成に重要なタンパク質であるミオシンはほとんど変化せず、魚肉タンパク質のゲル形成能力の低下を抑制できることがわかった。 As shown in FIG. 3, the freeze-dried powder obtained from the porous highly active fish protein dry material produced in the step shown in Example 2 has almost the same protein composition as that of fresh white croaker fish even after long-term storage. That is, it was found that myosin, which is an important protein for the elasticity formation of fish paste products, hardly changes, and the decrease in the gel-forming ability of the fish meat protein can be suppressed.

図4は、シログチの冷凍すり身、および実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の夫々から調製したケーシングの物性値を比較するグラフである。 FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the physical property values of the casing prepared from the frozen surimi of silver white croaker and the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in the process shown in Example 2.

シログチ冷凍すり身に、水分が81.8%になるように加水し、全体の3%のNaClを添加した後、フードカッター(MK−K61、パナソニック株式会社)で8℃を超えないようにすり上げ、プラスチックケース(容積20mL、内径36mm、高さ20mm)に充填し、冷凍すり身サンプルを得た。一方、実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を粉砕してフリーズドライ粉末とし、これに、水分が81.8%となるように加水した後、上記と同様の方法ですり上げた身をプラスチックケースに充填し、フリーズドライ粉末サンプルを得た。 Add water to the frozen surimi so that the water content is 81.8%, add 3% of NaCl, and then grind it with a food cutter (MK-K61, Panasonic Corporation) so that it does not exceed 8 ° C. , A plastic case (volume 20 mL, inner diameter 36 mm, height 20 mm) was filled to obtain a frozen surimi sample. On the other hand, the porous highly active fish protein drying material produced in the step shown in Example 2 was crushed into a freeze-dried powder, which was hydrated so as to have a water content of 81.8%, and then the same as above. A plastic case was filled with the flesh that had been ground by the method described in the above method to obtain a freeze-dried powder sample.

その後、冷凍すり身サンプル及びフリーズドライ粉末サンプルを、夫々85℃の温浴中で20分間加熱したものを坐りなし加熱品とし、40℃の温浴中で20分間加熱後、さらに85℃の温浴中で20分間加熱したものを坐り加熱品とした。 Then, the frozen ground meat sample and the freeze-dried powder sample were each heated in a warm bath at 85 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a non-sitting heated product, heated in a warm bath at 40 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then further heated in a warm bath at 85 ° C. for 20 minutes. The product heated for 1 minute was used as a sitting product.

冷凍すり身サンプル及びフリーズドライ粉末サンプルの夫々の坐りなし加熱品及び坐り加熱品を、4℃で一晩保管した後、高さ10mm、幅10mm、長さ25mmのキューブ状に切り出したケーシング切片を調製し、かまぼこゲル物性測定装置レオナー(RE−3305、株式会社山電)を用いてその物性値を測定した。すなわち、楔形プランジャー(接触幅1mm)を用いて、1mm/sの移動速度でケーシング切片を破断し、その瞬間の荷重(破断荷重)および歪み(破断歪率)を測定した。図4に示す夫々の測定値は平均+標準偏差(n=4)である。 After storing each of the frozen surimi sample and the freeze-dried powder sample at 4 ° C. overnight, a casing section cut into cubes having a height of 10 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a length of 25 mm was prepared. Then, the physical property value was measured using a kamaboko gel physical property measuring device Leoner (RE-3305, Yamaden Co., Ltd.). That is, using a wedge-shaped plunger (contact width 1 mm), the casing section was broken at a moving speed of 1 mm / s, and the load (breaking load) and strain (breaking strain rate) at that moment were measured. Each measured value shown in FIG. 4 is mean + standard deviation (n = 4).

図4に示す様に、実施例2で示した工程で製造された多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料から得られたフリーズドライ粉末を用いて調製したケーシング切片は、従来の冷凍すり身を用いて調製したケーシング切片と比較して、その破断荷重および破断歪率は、坐りなし加熱品、坐り加熱品共に、遜色がないことがわかった。すなわち、本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を原料として製造した場合、従来の冷凍すり身を原料とする場合と遜色ない、魚肉練り製品特有の食感を得ることができることがわかった。 As shown in FIG. 4, casing sections prepared using freeze-dried powder obtained from the porous highly active fish protein dry material produced in the step shown in Example 2 are prepared using conventional frozen surimi. It was found that the breaking load and breaking strain rate of the casing slices were comparable to those of the non-sitting heated product and the sitting heated product. That is, it was found that when the highly active fish protein dry material of the present invention is produced as a raw material, a texture peculiar to a fish paste product can be obtained, which is comparable to the case where the conventional frozen surimi is used as a raw material.

以上、本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料がスポンジ状態で、多孔質構造を持つため、その多孔質乾燥材料を用いて魚肉練り製品を製造する際、従来行っていた冷凍すり身の解凍作業を行う必要がない。 As described above, since the highly active fish protein drying material of the present invention has a porous structure in a sponge state, it is necessary to perform the conventional thawing operation of frozen surimi when producing a fish paste product using the porous drying material. There is no.

また、本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料は凍結乾燥されており冷凍保管する必要がないため、保管コストを削減できる。また、本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を原料として魚肉練り製品を製造する際、原料が冷凍すり身の場合と違って解凍作業は不要となるため、その作業効率を向上させることができる。さらに、冷凍保管状態により魚肉の質が大きく変化する冷凍すり身を原料とする場合と違い、製造される魚肉練り製品の品質のばらつきを抑制することができる。 Further, since the highly active fish protein drying material of the present invention is freeze-dried and does not need to be stored frozen, the storage cost can be reduced. Further, when a fish paste product is produced using the highly active fish protein drying material of the present invention as a raw material, a thawing operation is not required unlike the case where the raw material is frozen surimi, so that the work efficiency can be improved. Further, unlike the case of using frozen surimi as a raw material, in which the quality of fish meat changes greatly depending on the frozen storage state, it is possible to suppress variations in the quality of the fish paste product to be produced.

さらに、本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造工程は、従来の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造工程とは異なり、冷凍すり身の解凍、再凍結という工程がないため、鮮魚の場合と比較した魚肉タンパク質のゲル形成能力の低下を抑制でき、ひいては、従来の冷凍すり身を原料とする場合と遜色ない、魚肉練り製品特有の食感を得ることができる。 Further, the production process of the highly active fish protein dry material of the present invention is different from the conventional production process of the highly active fish protein dry material, and there is no step of thawing and refreezing the frozen surimi, so that it is compared with the case of fresh fish. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the gel-forming ability of fish meat protein, and by extension, it is possible to obtain a texture peculiar to fish paste products, which is comparable to the case where conventional frozen surimi is used as a raw material.

加えて、魚肉練り製品を製造する際、実施例4や実施例5で説明した通り、顧客サイドで本発明の高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料に加水、撹拌・混合、成型、加熱を行うことによって、簡単に魚肉練り製品を製造できる。その結果、顧客が製造直後の新鮮な魚肉練り製品を食することができる。しかも、加水量等の調整を顧客が行うため、製造される魚肉練り製品の特性、例えば、硬さが顧客の好みに合ったものとなる。 In addition, when producing a fish paste product, as described in Example 4 and Example 5, it is easy to add water, stir / mix, mold, and heat the highly active fish protein drying material of the present invention on the customer side. Can manufacture fish paste products. As a result, the customer can eat the fresh fish paste product immediately after production. Moreover, since the customer adjusts the amount of water added and the like, the characteristics of the fish paste product to be produced, for example, the hardness, are suitable for the customer's taste.

Claims (6)

魚肉練り製品の原料として用いられる多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料の製造方法であって、
魚の頭と内臓を除去し、魚ドレスとする調理工程と、
前記魚ドレスから魚肉を採肉する採肉工程と、
前記採肉した魚肉を洗い、晒し肉とする水晒し工程と、
前記晒し肉の鱗や小骨を除去し、精製肉とする精製工程と、
前記精製肉を脱水し、脱水肉とする脱水工程と、
前記脱水肉に糖類を添加して攪拌混合し、ベースとする攪拌混合工程と、
前記ベースをシート状、ペレット状、粒状、小片状、及びキューブ状のいずれか1つに成型する成型工程と、
冷凍設備で前記成型されたベースを凍結する凍結工程と、
前記凍結されたベースを凍結乾燥機にて昇華乾燥させる凍結乾燥工程とを有することを特徴とする製造方法。
A method for producing a porous, highly active fish protein drying material used as a raw material for fish paste products.
The cooking process of removing the fish head and internal organs to make a fish dress,
The meat collection process of collecting fish meat from the fish dress and
The water bleaching process of washing the collected fish meat and making it bleached meat,
The refining process of removing scales and small bones of the bleached meat to make refined meat,
A dehydration step of dehydrating the refined meat to make it dehydrated meat,
A stirring and mixing step of adding sugar to the dehydrated meat, stirring and mixing, and using the base as a stirring and mixing step,
A molding step of molding the base into any one of sheet, pellet, granular, small piece, and cube.
A freezing process in which the molded base is frozen in a freezing facility,
A production method comprising a freeze-drying step of sublimating and drying the frozen base with a freeze-dryer.
前記攪拌混合工程において、前記脱水肉に重合リン酸塩をさらに添加して攪拌混合したものを前記ベースとすることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。 The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the stirring and mixing step, a polymerized phosphate is further added to the dehydrated meat and the mixture is stirred and mixed as the base. 前記攪拌混合工程において、前記脱水肉に、食塩、調味料、及び副原料の少なくとも1つをさらに添加して攪拌混合したものを前記ベースとすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。 The production according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the stirring and mixing step, the dehydrated meat is further added with at least one of salt, a seasoning, and an auxiliary raw material and mixed by stirring. Method. 前記冷凍設備は、空気媒体及び液体媒体の少なくとも1つを冷媒に用いることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。 The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the refrigerating equipment uses at least one of an air medium and a liquid medium as a refrigerant. 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法で製造されたことを特徴とする多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質凍結乾燥原料製品。 A porous, highly active fish protein freeze-dried raw material product, which is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 請求項5に記載の多孔質高活性魚肉タンパク質乾燥材料を用いて製造されたことを特徴とする魚肉練り製品。 A fish paste product produced by using the porous highly active fish protein drying material according to claim 5.
JP2019236225A 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 Method of producing porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; porous, highly active fish meat protein dehydrated material; and fish meat kneaded product using the same as raw material Pending JP2021103954A (en)

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