JP2021078403A - Plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss - Google Patents
Plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss Download PDFInfo
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000004551 Drosera rotundifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008497 Drosera rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208711 Droseraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培方法及び装置に係り、特に、藻類や細菌類が繁殖しにくく、設備コストが安い、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss, and more particularly to a plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss, in which algae and bacteria are difficult to propagate and the equipment cost is low.
ミズゴケは保水性と通気性を兼ね備え、イオン交換能、ｐＨ調整能、抗菌作用を持っている。そのため植物の中には栽培用の培地としてミズゴケが適するものがある。ミズゴケを培地とした場合、植物へはミズゴケを介して水が供給されるため、通常の栽培方法では水分や肥料の管理が極めて困難な植物や、藻類や細菌類によって著しく生育が阻害される植物でもミズゴケを利用することで栽培が可能になる。特に、ラン科やモウセンゴケ科などの植物では水道水や河川水等の一般的な水を直接供給するよりも、ミズゴケと接触させて栽培し、ミズゴケを介して吸水させることで生育が促進される。 Sphagnum has both water retention and breathability, and has ion exchange ability, pH adjustment ability, and antibacterial action. Therefore, some plants are suitable for sphagnum moss as a medium for cultivation. When sphagnum moss is used as a medium, water is supplied to the plants via sphagnum moss, so it is extremely difficult to manage water and fertilizer by normal cultivation methods, and plants whose growth is significantly inhibited by algae and bacteria. However, it can be cultivated by using sphagnum moss. In particular, plants such as Orchidaceae and Droseraceae are cultivated in contact with sphagnum moss rather than directly supplying general water such as tap water or river water, and their growth is promoted by absorbing water through sphagnum moss. ..
特許文献１や２には水と植物を直接接触させず、水と接する乾燥ミズゴケを栽培基として生長ミズゴケを栽培し、生長ミズゴケと乾燥ミズゴケを培地として植物を栽培する方法が開示されている。即ち、特許文献１では、貯留した水にフロートを浮かべ、ミズゴケに吸水させている。又、特許文献２では、平置きや壁面用の栽培器にミズゴケを保持し、容器内に貯めた水にミズゴケの一部を浸して吸水させたり、斜面上に係止したミズゴケに斜面上方から水を流して吸水させている。 Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method of cultivating sphagnum moss using dried sphagnum moss in contact with water as a cultivation base without directly contacting water with plants, and cultivating plants using sphagnum moss and dried sphagnum moss as a medium. That is, in Patent Document 1, a float is floated on the stored water and the sphagnum moss absorbs water. Further, in Patent Document 2, sphagnum moss is held in a grower for flat placement or a wall surface, and a part of sphagnum moss is immersed in water stored in a container to absorb water, or sphagnum moss locked on a slope is exposed from above the slope. Water is flowing to absorb water.
しかしながら、水を滞留させると藻類や細菌類が繁殖しやすく、水に肥料を添加すると、この問題は更に顕著になる。藻類や細菌類が繁茂するとミズゴケの吸水が妨げられるほか、藻類や細菌類がミズゴケ上まで遡上すると光や栄養塩をめぐる競争やアレロパシー物質により植物の生育を阻害する。 However, retention of water facilitates the growth of algae and bacteria, and the addition of fertilizer to water further exacerbates this problem. When algae and bacteria thrive, water absorption of sphagnum moss is hindered, and when algae and bacteria run up to sphagnum moss, competition for light and nutrients and allelopathic substances inhibit the growth of plants.
そして、水を滞留させる方法、あるいは特許文献２の図６（２）に示される例のように斜面上に水を流下させる方法においても、水位を形成させて水や養液をミズゴケに供給する方法では栽培設備を水位に耐えられるように堅固にする必要があり、大量の水や養液を使用し、それを循環させるためのポンプにも大きなものが必要とされるなどコストが高くなる等の問題点を有していた。 Then, also in the method of retaining water or the method of flowing water down the slope as in the example shown in FIG. 6 (2) of Patent Document 2, a water level is formed and water or nutrient solution is supplied to Mizugoke. In the method, it is necessary to make the cultivation equipment strong enough to withstand the water level, use a large amount of water and nutrient solution, and a large pump is required to circulate it, which increases the cost. Had the problem of.
更に、特許文献２の図６（２）のように斜面上にミズゴケを配設した場合には、斜面の上下で水分量に差を生じ、生育の均一性を損なうという問題点を有していた。 Further, when sphagnum moss is arranged on the slope as shown in FIG. 6 (2) of Patent Document 2, there is a problem that the water content differs between the upper and lower sides of the slope and the uniformity of growth is impaired. It was.
本発明は、前記従来の問題点を解消するべくなされたもので、藻類や細菌類が繁殖しにくく、設備コストの安い、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培方法及び装置を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method and apparatus using sphagnum moss, in which algae and bacteria are difficult to reproduce and the equipment cost is low.
本発明は、水又は水溶液を通さず水又は水溶液を貯めることのない架台を水平に配設し、該架台上に潅水手段を配設し、該潅水手段上にミズゴケを配設し、該ミズゴケ上に栽培植物を配設して、前記潅水手段から前記栽培植物に潅水することを特徴とする、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培方法により、前記課題を解決したものである。 In the present invention, a pedestal that does not allow water or an aqueous solution to pass through and does not store water or an aqueous solution is horizontally arranged, an irrigation means is arranged on the pedestal, a sphagnum moss is arranged on the irrigation means, and the sphagnum moss is arranged. The above-mentioned problem is solved by a plant cultivation method using sphagnum moss, which comprises arranging a cultivated plant on the cultivated plant and irrigating the cultivated plant from the irrigation means.
本発明は、又、水平に配設された、水又は水溶液を通さず水又は水溶液を貯めることのない架台と、該架台上に配設された潅水手段と、該潅水手段上に配設されたミズゴケと、該ミズゴケ上に配設した栽培植物に、前記潅水手段から潅水するための給液手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培装置により、同じく前記課題を解決したものである。 The present invention also includes a horizontally arranged pedestal that does not allow water or an aqueous solution to pass through and does not store water or an aqueous solution, an irrigation means arranged on the pedestal, and an irrigation means. A plant cultivation device using sphagnum moss, which comprises a sphagnum moss and a liquid supply means for irrigating the cultivated plant arranged on the sphagnum moss from the irrigation means, also solves the above-mentioned problem. It is a solution.
ここで、前記潅水手段と前記ミズゴケの間に透水性の布を介在させることができる。 Here, a permeable cloth can be interposed between the irrigation means and the sphagnum moss.
又、前記布を防根透水用不織布とすることができる。 Further, the cloth can be used as a non-woven fabric for root-proof and water-permeable.
又、前記ミズゴケは、ミズゴケ以外の資材を含むことができる。 Further, the sphagnum moss may contain materials other than sphagnum moss.
又、前記架台に排水用溝を形成することができる。 Further, a drainage groove can be formed in the gantry.
又、前記布の端部を前記架台からオーバーハングさせて排水させることができる。 Further, the end portion of the cloth can be overhanged from the gantry to drain water.
本発明によれば、水や養液を含む水溶液が貯留しないため藻類や細菌類が繁殖しにくく、藻類や細菌類の繁茂による植物の生育阻害を防ぐことができる。更に、底面からミズゴケが吸水できるだけの量の水や養液を含む水溶液を供給することで、排液を出さずに栽培を行うことができ、水と肥料の使用量を節約でき、水位維持や排液処分に係る設備コストを大幅に低減できる。又、架台が水平に配設されるので、斜面の場合のように、斜面の上下で水分量に差を生じて、生育の均一性を損なうこともない。 According to the present invention, since an aqueous solution containing water or a nutrient solution is not stored, algae and bacteria are difficult to grow, and it is possible to prevent the growth of plants from being inhibited by the growth of algae and bacteria. Furthermore, by supplying an aqueous solution containing enough water and nutrient solution to absorb water from the bottom, cultivation can be performed without draining, saving the amount of water and fertilizer used, maintaining the water level and maintaining the water level. Equipment costs related to wastewater disposal can be significantly reduced. Further, since the gantry is arranged horizontally, the water content does not differ between the upper and lower sides of the slope as in the case of the slope, and the uniformity of growth is not impaired.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は以下の実施形態及び実施例に記載した内容により限定されるものではない。また、以下に記載した実施形態及び実施例における構成要件には、当業者が容易に想定できるもの、実質的に同一のもの、いわゆる均等の範囲のものが含まれる。更に、以下に記載した実施形態及び実施例で開示した構成要素は適宜組み合わせてもよいし、適宜選択して用いてもよい。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the contents described in the following embodiments and examples. In addition, the constituent requirements in the embodiments and examples described below include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, that is, those in a so-called equal range. Further, the components disclosed in the embodiments and examples described below may be appropriately combined or appropriately selected and used.
本発明の第１実施形態に係る植物栽培装置は、図１（側面図）及び図２（横断面図）に全体構成を示す如く、水平に配設された、水又は水溶液を通さず水又は水溶液を貯めることのない架台１０と、該架台１０上に配設された潅水手段である潅水チューブ１２と、該潅水チューブ１２上に配設されたミズゴケ（例えば乾燥ミズゴケ）１６と、該ミズゴケ１６上に配設した栽培植物（例えばモウセンゴケ）１８に、前記潅水チューブ１２から潅水するための、給液手段である給液タンク２０及び給液ポンプ２２と、前記潅水チューブ１２と前記ミズゴケ１６の間に介在させた透水性の布（例えば不織布）１４とを備えている。
The plant cultivation apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention is horizontally arranged, water or sphagnum moss without passing water or an aqueous solution, as shown in FIGS. 1 (side view) and 2 (cross-sectional view). A
前記架台１０としては、例えば断熱性能を有して安価な発泡スチロールを用いることができる。
As the
前記潅水チューブ１２としては、潅水量に応じて、例えば一列又は複数列の孔を、長手方向に直線状、らせん状、又は、ジグザグ状に開けた、例えばポリエチレン製の多孔チューブを用いることができる。
As the
前記布１４としては、例えばポリエステル製の長繊維不織布を用いることができる。この布１４を用いることによって、ミズゴケ１６全体を、より均等に湿らせることができる。すなわち、図３に示す如く、潅水チューブ１２から流れ出した水又は水溶液が矢印Ｗ１に示す如く、布１４に吸収される。次いで、布１４が矢印Ｗ２に示す如く水又は水溶液を素早くミズゴケ１６の底面に広げる。次いで、ミズゴケ１６が布１４から水又は水溶液を吸収し、全体が湿潤になる。布１４は、貯水量は小さいが、毛細管現象により吸水が早く、矢印Ｗ２で示した布１４の中での水又は水溶液の移動が速い。これにより、水又は水溶液を吸う力が強く多くの水又は水溶液を保持できるが、水又は水溶液の移動が遅いというミズゴケ１６の欠点を補うことができる。
As the cloth 14, for example, a long fiber non-woven fabric made of polyester can be used. By using this cloth 14, the entire sphagnum moss 16 can be moistened more evenly. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the water or the aqueous solution flowing out from the
前記布１４としては、織り目によって水又は水溶液の流れが偏る可能性がない不織布の方が望ましいが、不織布に限定されない。又、ミズゴケやミズゴケを含む資材との組み合わせなどで布１４を省略することも可能である。 The cloth 14 is preferably a non-woven fabric in which the flow of water or an aqueous solution is not likely to be biased depending on the texture, but the cloth 14 is not limited to the non-woven fabric. It is also possible to omit the cloth 14 in combination with sphagnum moss or a material containing sphagnum moss.
前記ミズゴケ１６は、生きたミズゴケでも、乾燥させたミズゴケを再吸水させたミズゴケ資材でもよい。 The sphagnum moss 16 may be a live sphagnum moss or a sphagnum moss material obtained by reabsorbing dried sphagnum moss.
前記ミズゴケ１６はミズゴケ１００％が望ましいが、大部分がミズゴケであれば他の資材を混ぜた混合物（混合資材）であってもよい。 The sphagnum moss 16 is preferably 100% sphagnum moss, but if most of the sphagnum moss is sphagnum moss, it may be a mixture (mixed material) mixed with other materials.
他の資材の例としては、ピートモス、ヤシガラ、ロックウール、バーミキュライト、パーライト、土、砂、ポリマー樹脂などがある。又、他の資材の状態は繊維、チップなどのいずれでもよく、特に制約はない。 Examples of other materials include peat moss, coconut husks, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, soil, sand and polymer resins. Further, the state of other materials may be any of fibers, chips and the like, and there is no particular limitation.
前記ミズゴケ１６は、ミズゴケによる植物栽培面までの吸水が妨げられない程度にミズゴケ含有率が高い必要があり、少なくともミズゴケ含有率が５０％以上であることが望ましい。 The sphagnum moss 16 needs to have a high sphagnum moss content so that water absorption to the plant cultivation surface by the sphagnum moss is not hindered, and it is desirable that the sphagnum moss content is at least 50% or more.
使用に際しては、架台１０の上に潅水チューブ１２を設置し、その上にミズゴケ１６を敷き、ミズゴケ１６に栽培植物１８を植栽する。栽培植物１８は根を含む植物体の一部をミズゴケ１６中に埋没させ、葉の少なくとも一部はミズゴケ１６上に露出させる。
At the time of use, the
潅水時に架台１０上に残った水又は水溶液は、架台１０の側面又は末端から排水することができる。回収して再利用してもよい。
The water or aqueous solution remaining on the
前記給液タンク２０に液体肥料を加えることもできる。 Liquid fertilizer can also be added to the liquid supply tank 20.
前記布１４として、防根透水用不織布を用いることによって、潅水チューブ１２に栽培植物１８の根が絡みついて潅水機能が損なわれるのを防ぐことができる。
By using the non-woven fabric for root-proof water permeability as the cloth 14, it is possible to prevent the roots of the cultivated
潅水手段は、第１実施形態の潅水チューブ１２のほか、通水していないときは平らになるドリップチューブで、注水すると膨らむ軟質ドリップチューブや、通水しなくても膨らんでいる硬質ドリップチューブ、あるいは、孔を開けた金属製又は非金属性パイプなどを用いることができる。水又は養液を含む水溶液を供給できるものであれば限定されない。
The irrigation means is, in addition to the
水又は養液を含む水溶液の供給方法は、連続でも間欠でも構わないが、間欠の方が供給する水又は養液を含む水溶液の量と頻度を植物の生育や環境条件の変化に応じて調節できるため望ましい。即ち、間欠の場合は、図４に潅水パターンと湿り方の例を示す如く、（Ａ）に示す少量多頻度としたり、（Ｂ）に示す少量小頻度としたり、（Ｃ）に示す多量多頻度としたり、（Ｄ）に示す多量小頻度とすることができ、制御性に優れている。 The method of supplying the aqueous solution containing water or nutrient solution may be continuous or intermittent, but the amount and frequency of the aqueous solution containing water or nutrient solution supplied by the intermittent method is adjusted according to the growth of plants and changes in environmental conditions. It is desirable because it can be done. That is, in the case of intermittent, as shown in FIG. 4 as an example of the irrigation pattern and the moistening method, the small amount and high frequency shown in (A), the small amount and low frequency shown in (B), and the large amount and high frequency shown in (C) are used. The frequency can be set to a large amount and a low frequency shown in (D), and the controllability is excellent.
なお、前記第１実施形態においては、架台１０上に供給された潅水を架台１０の側面又は末端から排水するようにしていたが、排水方法はこれに限定されず、図５に示す第２実施形態のように、架台１０の上面に例えば潅水チューブ１２と平行に切込みを設けて排水用溝１０Ａとしたり、あるいは図６に示す第３実施形態のように、布１４の端部を架台１０の端部からオーバーハングさせて、排水用オーバーハング部１４Ａとすることも可能である。
In the first embodiment, the irrigation supplied on the
この第３実施形態によれば、第２実施形態のように架台１０を加工することなく、排水を促進することができる。
According to this third embodiment, drainage can be promoted without processing the
いずれにしても、前記実施形態によれば、水や養液を含む水溶液が貯留しないため、藻類や細菌類が繁殖しにくく、藻類や細菌類の繁茂による植物の生育阻害を防ぐことができる。又、ミズゴケ１６の底面からミズゴケ１６が吸水できるだけの量の水や養液を含む水溶液を供給することで、余分な排液を出さずに栽培を行うことができ、水と肥料の総量を節約でき、更に水位保持や排液処分に係る設備コストを大幅に低減することができる。更に、ミズゴケ１６の敷き方にノウハウが不要であり、作業の効率化を図ると共に、機械化も可能である。 In any case, according to the above-described embodiment, since the aqueous solution containing water or nutrient solution is not stored, it is difficult for algae and bacteria to grow, and it is possible to prevent the growth of plants from being inhibited by the growth of algae and bacteria. In addition, by supplying an aqueous solution containing enough water and nutrient solution for the sphagnum moss 16 to absorb water from the bottom surface of the sphagnum moss 16, cultivation can be performed without producing excess drainage, and the total amount of water and fertilizer can be saved. Furthermore, the equipment cost related to water level maintenance and drainage disposal can be significantly reduced. Further, know-how is not required for how to lay the sphagnum moss 16, and it is possible to improve work efficiency and mechanize.
発明者が実験したところ、本発明の栽培方法は、図７に示す如く、潅水時の湿りが大きく、日変化大であったが、潅水時の湿りは潅水量設定で小さくでき、日変化は潅水回数設定で小さくでき、潅水設定で濡れ程度の制御が可能であるので問題は無い。成長速度もフロート式に比べて大きな違いはないことが確認できた。 As a result of experiments by the inventor, as shown in FIG. 7, the cultivation method of the present invention showed a large amount of dampness during irrigation and a large diurnal cycle, but the dampness during irrigation could be reduced by setting the amount of irrigation, and the diurnal cycle was large. There is no problem because it can be reduced by setting the number of times of irrigation and the degree of wetting can be controlled by setting the irrigation. It was confirmed that the growth rate was not significantly different from that of the float type.
なお、前記実施形態においては、栽培植物がモウセンゴケであり、ミズゴケが乾燥ミズゴケとされていたが、栽培植物やミズゴケの種類はこれに限定されない。 In the above embodiment, the cultivated plant is Drosera rotundifolia and the sphagnum moss is dried sphagnum moss, but the types of cultivated plants and sphagnum moss are not limited to this.
１０…架台
１０Ａ…排水用溝
１２…潅水チューブ
１４…布
１４Ａ…排水用オーバーハング部
１６…ミズゴケ
１８…栽培植物
２０…給液タンク
２２…給液ポンプ
10 ... Stand 10A ...
Claims (8)
該架台上に潅水手段を配設し、
該潅水手段上にミズゴケを配設し、
該ミズゴケ上に栽培植物を配設して、
前記潅水手段から前記栽培植物に潅水することを特徴とする、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培方法。 A pedestal that does not allow water or aqueous solution to pass through and does not store water or aqueous solution is arranged horizontally.
An irrigation means is arranged on the gantry,
A sphagnum moss is placed on the irrigation means,
A cultivated plant is arranged on the sphagnum moss,
A plant cultivation method using sphagnum moss, which comprises irrigating the cultivated plant from the irrigation means.
該架台上に配設された潅水手段と、
該潅水手段上に配設されたミズゴケと、
該ミズゴケ上に配設した栽培植物に、前記潅水手段から潅水するための給液手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする、ミズゴケを用いた植物栽培装置。 A horizontally arranged pedestal that does not allow water or aqueous solution to pass through and does not store water or aqueous solution.
The irrigation means arranged on the gantry and
The sphagnum moss disposed on the irrigation means and
A liquid supply means for irrigating the cultivated plants arranged on the sphagnum moss from the irrigation means, and
A plant cultivation device using sphagnum moss, which is characterized by being equipped with.
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