JP2021052001A - Composite electrolyte membrane and membrane electrode composite using the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell - Google Patents

Composite electrolyte membrane and membrane electrode composite using the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell Download PDF

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JP2021052001A
JP2021052001A JP2020156283A JP2020156283A JP2021052001A JP 2021052001 A JP2021052001 A JP 2021052001A JP 2020156283 A JP2020156283 A JP 2020156283A JP 2020156283 A JP2020156283 A JP 2020156283A JP 2021052001 A JP2021052001 A JP 2021052001A
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electrolyte membrane
fluorine
composite
base material
hydrocarbon
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健太 南林
Kenta Minamibayashi
健太 南林
義隆 大林
Yoshitaka Obayashi
義隆 大林
大輔 尾形
Daisuke Ogata
大輔 尾形
大輔 出原
Daisuke Izuhara
大輔 出原
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

To achieve high proton conductivity and high dry-wet cycle durability even after a dry-wet cycle in a composite electrolyte membrane composed of a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate.SOLUTION: A composite electrolyte membrane includes a composite layer in which a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material are composited, and the number of pores V generated in the composite layer after the composite electrolyte membrane is repeatedly immersed in water and dried is 100 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、高分子電解質と多孔質基材とを複合化した複合層を有する複合電解質膜およびそれを用いた膜電極複合体、固体高分子形燃料電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a composite electrolyte membrane having a composite layer in which a polymer electrolyte and a porous substrate are composited, a membrane electrode composite using the composite electrolyte membrane, and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

従来、固体高分子形燃料電池等の高分子電解質膜としては、パーフルオロスルホン酸系ポリマーである“ナフィオン”(登録商標)(ケマーズ(株)製)製の膜が広く用いられてきた。しかし、“ナフィオン”(登録商標)製の高分子電解質膜はクラスター構造に起因するプロトン伝導チャネルを通じて低加湿で高いプロトン伝導性を示すが、その一方で、多段階合成を経て製造されるため非常に高価であり、加えて、前述のクラスター構造により燃料クロスオーバーが大きいという課題があった。また、使用後の廃棄処理や材料のリサイクルが困難といった課題も指摘されてきた。 Conventionally, as a polymer electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell or the like, a membrane manufactured by "Nafion" (registered trademark) (manufactured by The Chemours Company, Inc.), which is a perfluorosulfonic acid-based polymer, has been widely used. However, the polymer electrolyte membrane made by "Nafion" (registered trademark) shows high proton conductivity with low humidification through the proton conduction channel due to the cluster structure, but on the other hand, it is very difficult because it is manufactured through multi-step synthesis. In addition, there is a problem that the fuel crossover is large due to the above-mentioned cluster structure. In addition, problems such as difficulty in disposal after use and recycling of materials have been pointed out.

このような課題を克服するために、“ナフィオン”(登録商標)に替わり得る炭化水素系高分子電解質膜の開発が近年活発化している。しかしながら、炭化水素系高分子電解質膜は乾湿サイクルにおける寸法変化が大きい傾向があり、乾湿サイクル耐久性性向上のため寸法変化を低減することが求められていた。 In order to overcome such problems, the development of hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membranes that can replace "Nafion" (registered trademark) has become active in recent years. However, the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte membrane tends to have a large dimensional change in the dry-wet cycle, and it has been required to reduce the dimensional change in order to improve the durability of the dry-wet cycle.

そこで、燃料電池の乾湿サイクルに伴う電解質膜の寸法変化の抑制を目的として、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)多孔質基材と炭化水素系高分子電解質の複合化が試みられている。一般的に炭化水素系高分子電解質は非プロトン性極性溶媒のみが可溶となるが、非プロトン性極性溶媒はPTFE多孔質基材との親和性が低く、非プロトン性極性溶媒に溶解した炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液はPTFE多孔質基材に含浸することができず、複合電解質膜の作製が困難である。 Therefore, in order to suppress the dimensional change of the electrolyte membrane due to the wet / dry cycle of the fuel cell, an attempt is made to combine a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) porous base material and a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte. Generally, only aprotic polar solvents are soluble in hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolytes, but aprotic polar solvents have low affinity for PTFE porous substrates, and hydrocarbons dissolved in aprotic polar solvents are used. The hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution cannot impregnate the PTFE porous substrate, making it difficult to prepare a composite electrolyte membrane.

特許文献1には炭化水素系高分子電解質をN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)・メタノール混合溶媒に溶解した上でPTFEからなる多孔質基材と複合化させた複合電解質膜が提案されている。特許文献2にはPTFEからなる多孔質基材にブタノールを浸透させ、炭化水素系高分子電解質を複合化させた複合電解質膜が提案されている。特許文献3には、PTFEからなる多孔質基材にプラズマ処理等の親水化処理を施した上で、炭化水素系高分子電解質と複合化させた複合電解質膜が提案されている。 Patent Document 1 proposes a composite electrolyte membrane in which a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is dissolved in a mixed solvent of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and methanol and then composited with a porous substrate made of PTFE. Patent Document 2 proposes a composite electrolyte membrane in which butanol is impregnated into a porous base material made of PTFE and a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is composited. Patent Document 3 proposes a composite electrolyte membrane in which a porous base material made of PTFE is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment such as plasma treatment and then composited with a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte.

日本国特開2010−232158号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-232158 日本国特開2017−114122公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-114122 国際公開第2016/148017パンフレットInternational Publication No. 2016/148017 Pamphlet

しかしながら、従来作製されてきた炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材からなる複合電解質膜の複合層では、2つの材料の親和性の低さが改善されていない。複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材繊維の界面密着性が低く、複合電解質膜を乾湿サイクル条件下におくと、界面において容易に剥離および空隙形成が生じるため、乾湿サイクル耐久性が不十分かつ乾湿サイクル後のプロトン伝導度が低下していた。 However, the low affinity between the two materials has not been improved in the composite layer of the composite electrolyte membrane composed of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous substrate, which have been conventionally produced. The interfacial adhesion between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous substrate fiber in the composite layer is low, and when the composite electrolyte membrane is placed under dry-wet cycle conditions, peeling and void formation easily occur at the interface. The durability was insufficient and the proton conductivity after the dry-wet cycle was reduced.

特許文献1に記載の複合電解質膜は、炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材の親和性が不十分であり、複合電解質膜を乾湿サイクルさせると、複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材繊維の界面剥離が生じ、空隙が形成、乾湿サイクル耐久性およびプロトン伝導度が低下していた。 The composite electrolyte membrane described in Patent Document 1 has insufficient affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous substrate, and when the composite electrolyte membrane is subjected to a dry-wet cycle, the hydrocarbon-based polymer in the composite layer is formed. Interfacial separation between the electrolyte and the PTFE porous substrate fiber occurred, voids were formed, and the dry-wet cycle durability and proton conductivity were reduced.

特許文献2については、文献記載の条件にて複合化を検討した結果、複合電解質膜を得ることはできなかった。 As for Patent Document 2, as a result of examining the compounding under the conditions described in the document, a composite electrolyte membrane could not be obtained.

特許文献3に記載の複合電解質膜では、PTFE多孔質基材の親水化処理により炭化水素系高分子電解質との親和性が向上し複合化出来ているものの、プラズマや金属ナトリウムなどの親水化処理は多孔質基材の表層と深層とで親水化処理の度合いにムラが生じる。また、反応性が非常に高いため、親水化処理の進行を制御することは困難であり、過度に親水化処理を行うと多孔質基材を損傷させ、機械強度を低減させてしまう。そのため、炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材繊維の剥離抑制に十分な親和性を与える親水化処理を実施すると、多孔質基材が損傷し、処理後の多孔質基材を用いた複合電解質膜の機械強度が不十分となる。一方で多孔質基材が損傷しない範囲で親水化処理を行うと、炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材の親和性が低く留まる。そのため、複合層での炭化水素系高分子電解質とPTFE多孔質基材繊維の界面剥離および空隙形成が乾湿サイクルにともなって生じ、乾湿サイクル耐久性およびプロトン伝導度が低下していた。 In the composite electrolyte membrane described in Patent Document 3, the affinity with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is improved by the hydrophilic treatment of the PTFE porous base material, and the composite is formed, but the hydrophilic treatment of plasma, metallic sodium, etc. The degree of hydrophilic treatment varies between the surface layer and the deep layer of the porous substrate. Further, since the reactivity is very high, it is difficult to control the progress of the hydrophilic treatment, and if the hydrophilic treatment is excessively performed, the porous base material is damaged and the mechanical strength is reduced. Therefore, when the hydrophilic treatment that gives sufficient affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous base material fiber to suppress peeling is performed, the porous base material is damaged, and the treated porous base material is used. The mechanical strength of the composite electrolyte membrane becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the hydrophilic treatment is performed within a range in which the porous base material is not damaged, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous base material remains low. Therefore, interfacial peeling and void formation between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the PTFE porous substrate fiber in the composite layer occur with the dry-wet cycle, and the dry-wet cycle durability and the proton conductivity are lowered.

本発明は、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材からなる複合電解質膜において、乾湿サイクル後にも高いプロトン伝導能および高い機械耐久性を達成することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to achieve high proton conductivity and high mechanical durability even after a dry-wet cycle in a composite electrolyte membrane composed of a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate.

上記課題を解決するための本発明は、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材とが複合化された複合層を有する複合電解質膜であって、該複合電解質膜を水中浸漬および乾燥を繰り返し後の、該複合層に発生する空孔数Vが100以下である複合電解質膜。 The present invention for solving the above problems is a composite electrolyte membrane having a composite layer in which a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material are composited, and the composite electrolyte membrane is immersed in water. A composite electrolyte membrane in which the number of pores V generated in the composite layer is 100 or less after repeated drying.

本発明により、乾湿サイクル後にも高プロトン伝導能と高乾湿サイクル耐久性を有する複合電解質膜を提供することができる。また、本発明の複合電解質膜を用いることで、優れた耐久性を有する固体高分子形燃料電池を提供することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a composite electrolyte membrane having high proton conductivity and high dry-wet cycle durability even after a dry-wet cycle. Further, by using the composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention, it is possible to provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having excellent durability.

実施例23に使用したロール膜作製装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the roll film manufacturing apparatus used in Example 23. 実施例26に使用したロール膜作製装置の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the roll film manufacturing apparatus used in Example 26.

以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。以下本明細書において「〜」は、その両端の数値を含む範囲を表すものとする。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Hereinafter, in the present specification, "~" shall represent a range including the numerical values at both ends thereof.

〔炭化水素系高分子電解質〕
炭化水素系高分子電解質とは、イオン性基を有する炭化水素系ポリマーからなる電解質である。炭化水素系ポリマーとしては、主鎖に芳香環を有する芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーが好適である。ここで、芳香環は、炭化水素系芳香環だけでなく、ヘテロ環を含んでいてもよい。また、芳香環ユニットと共に一部脂肪族系ユニットがポリマーを構成していてもよい。
[Hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte]
The hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is an electrolyte composed of a hydrocarbon-based polymer having an ionic group. As the hydrocarbon-based polymer, an aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer having an aromatic ring in the main chain is suitable. Here, the aromatic ring may contain not only a hydrocarbon-based aromatic ring but also a heterocycle. Further, a part of the aliphatic unit may form a polymer together with the aromatic ring unit.

芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーの具体例としては、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリアリーレンエーテル系ポリマー、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンスルフィドスルホン、ポリパラフェニレン、ポリアリーレン系ポリマー、ポリアリーレンケトン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリアリーレンホスフィンホキシド、ポリエーテルホスフィンホキシド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ポリベンゾチアゾール、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリイミドスルホンから選択される構造を芳香環とともに主鎖に有するポリマーが挙げられる。なお、ここでいうポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルケトン等は、その分子鎖にスルホン結合、エーテル結合、ケトン結合を有している構造の総称であり、ポリエーテルケトンケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトンケトン、ポリエーテルケトンエーテルケトンケトン、ポリエーテルケトンスルホンなどを含む。炭化水素骨格は、これらの構造のうち複数の構造を有していてもよい。これらのなかでも、芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーとして特にポリエーテルケトン骨格を有するポリマー、すなわちポリエーテルケトン系ポリマーが最も好ましい。 Specific examples of aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymers include polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyarylene ether-based polymer, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyparaphenylene, polyarylene-based polymer, polyarylene ketone, and polyether ketone. , Polyarylene phosphinhoxide, polyether phosphinhoxide, polybenzoxazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzoimidazole, polyamide, polyimide, polyetherimide, and a polymer having a structure selected from polyimide sulfone in the main chain together with an aromatic ring. Can be mentioned. The polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, etc. referred to here are a general term for structures having a sulfone bond, an ether bond, and a ketone bond in the molecular chain, and the polyether ketone ketone, the polyether ether ketone, etc. Includes polyether ether ketone ketone, polyether ether ketone ketone, polyether ketone sulfone and the like. The hydrocarbon skeleton may have a plurality of these structures. Among these, as the aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer, a polymer having a polyetherketone skeleton, that is, a polyetherketone-based polymer is most preferable.

炭化水素系高分子電解質としては、共連続様またはラメラ様の相分離構造を形成するものが好適である。このような相分離構造は、例えばイオン性基を有する親水性ポリマーとイオン性基を有さない疎水性ポリマーのような非相溶な2種以上のポリマーブレンドからなる成形体や、イオン性基を含有するセグメント(A1)とイオン性基を含有しないセグメント(A2)のような非相溶な2種以上のセグメントからなるブロック共重合体などにおいて発現し得る。共連続様およびラメラ様の相分離構造においては、親水性ドメインおよび疎水性ドメインがいずれも連続相を形成するため、連続したプロトン伝導チャネルが形成されることによりプロトン伝導性に優れる高分子電解質成形体を得ることができる。ここでドメインとは、一つの成形体において、類似する物質やセグメントが凝集してできた塊のことを意味する。 As the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte, those that form a co-continuous or lamella-like phase-separated structure are preferable. Such a phase-separated structure can be a molded product composed of a blend of two or more incompatible polymers such as a hydrophilic polymer having an ionic group and a hydrophobic polymer having no ionic group, or an ionic group. It can be expressed in a block copolymer composed of two or more incompatible segments such as the segment (A1) containing the above and the segment (A2) not containing the ionic group. In the co-continuous and lamellar-like phase-separated structures, both the hydrophilic domain and the hydrophobic domain form a continuous phase, so that a continuous proton conduction channel is formed to form a polymer electrolyte having excellent proton conductivity. You can get a body. Here, the domain means a mass formed by agglomeration of similar substances or segments in one molded product.

イオン性基を有する炭化水素系ポリマーとしては、イオン性基を含有するセグメント(A1)とイオン性基を含有しないセグメント(A2)をそれぞれ1個以上有するブロック共重合体が好ましい。ここで、セグメントとは、特定の性質を示す繰り返し単位からなる共重合体ポリマー鎖中の部分構造であって、分子量が2000以上のものを表すものとする。ブロック共重合体を用いることで、ポリマーブレンドと比較して微細なドメインを有する共連続様の相分離構造を発現させることが可能となり、より優れた発電性能、物理的耐久性が達成できる。 As the hydrocarbon polymer having an ionic group, a block copolymer having one or more segments (A1) containing an ionic group and one or more segments (A2) not containing an ionic group are preferable. Here, the segment is a partial structure in a copolymer polymer chain composed of repeating units exhibiting specific properties, and represents a segment having a molecular weight of 2000 or more. By using a block copolymer, it is possible to develop a co-continuous phase-separated structure having a finer domain as compared with a polymer blend, and more excellent power generation performance and physical durability can be achieved.

以下、イオン性基を含有する芳香族炭化水素セグメント(A1)もしくはポリマーを「イオン性ブロック」、イオン性基を含有しない芳香族炭化水素セグメント(A2)もしくはポリマーを「非イオン性ブロック」と表記することがある。もっとも、本明細書における「イオン性基を含有しない」という記載は、当該セグメントもしくはポリマーが相分離構造の形成を阻害しない範囲でイオン性基を少量含んでいる態様を排除するものではない。 Hereinafter, the aromatic hydrocarbon segment (A1) or polymer containing an ionic group is referred to as an "ionic block", and the aromatic hydrocarbon segment (A2) or polymer containing no ionic group is referred to as a "nonionic block". I have something to do. However, the description of "not containing an ionic group" in the present specification does not exclude an embodiment in which the segment or polymer contains a small amount of an ionic group within a range that does not inhibit the formation of a phase-separated structure.

このようなブロック共重合体としては、非イオン性ブロックに対するイオン性ブロックのモル組成比(A1/A2)が、0.20以上であることが好ましく、0.33以上であることがより好ましく、0.50以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、モル組成比(A1/A2)は5.00以下であることが好ましく、3.00以下であることがより好ましく2.50以下であることがさらに好ましい。モル組成比(A1/A2)が、0.20未満あるいは5.00を越える場合には、低加湿条件下でのプロトン伝導性が不足したり、耐熱水性や物理的耐久性が不足したりする場合がある。ここで、モル組成比A1/A2とは、非イオン性ブロック中に存在する繰り返し単位のモル数に対するイオン性ブロック中に存在する繰り返し単位のモル数の比を表す。「繰り返し単位のモル数」とは、イオン性ブロック、非イオン性ブロックの数平均分子量をそれぞれ対応する構成単位の分子量で除した値とする。 As such a block copolymer, the molar composition ratio (A1 / A2) of the ionic block to the non-ionic block is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.33 or more. It is more preferably 0.50 or more. The molar composition ratio (A1 / A2) is preferably 5.00 or less, more preferably 3.00 or less, and even more preferably 2.50 or less. When the molar composition ratio (A1 / A2) is less than 0.20 or more than 5.00, proton conductivity under low humidification conditions is insufficient, and heat resistance and water resistance and physical durability are insufficient. In some cases. Here, the molar composition ratio A1 / A2 represents the ratio of the number of moles of repeating units existing in the ionic block to the number of moles of repeating units existing in the nonionic block. The “number of moles of repeating unit” is a value obtained by dividing the number average molecular weights of the ionic block and the nonionic block by the molecular weights of the corresponding constituent units.

芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーが有するイオン性基は、プロトン交換能を有するイオン性基であればよい。このような官能基としては、スルホン酸基、スルホンイミド基、硫酸基、ホスホン酸基、リン酸基、カルボン酸基が好ましく用いられる。イオン性基はポリマー中に2種類以上含むことができる。中でも、高プロトン伝導度の点から、ポリマーはスルホン酸基、スルホンイミド基、硫酸基から選ばれる少なくとも1つを有することがより好ましく、原料コストの点からスルホン酸基を有することが最も好ましい。 The ionic group contained in the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer may be any ionic group having a proton exchange ability. As such a functional group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonimide group, a sulfate group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group and a carboxylic acid group are preferably used. Two or more kinds of ionic groups can be contained in the polymer. Among them, the polymer preferably has at least one selected from a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonimide group, and a sulfate group from the viewpoint of high proton conductivity, and most preferably has a sulfonic acid group from the viewpoint of raw material cost.

本発明においては、炭化水素系高分子電解質を組成する芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーとして芳香族炭化水素系ブロック共重合体を用いることが好ましく、ポリエーテルケトン系ブロック共重合体であることがより好ましい。特に、下記のようなイオン性基を含有する構成単位(S1)を含むセグメントと、イオン性基を含有しない構成単位(S2)を含むセグメントとを含有するポリエーテルケトン系ブロック共重合体は特に好ましく用いることができる。 In the present invention, it is preferable to use an aromatic hydrocarbon block copolymer as the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer constituting the hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte, and more preferably a polyether ketone block copolymer. .. In particular, a polyetherketone-based block copolymer containing a segment containing a structural unit (S1) containing an ionic group and a segment containing a structural unit (S2) not containing an ionic group as described below are particularly present. It can be preferably used.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

(一般式(S1)中、Ar〜Arは任意の2価のアリーレン基を表し、Arおよび/またはArはイオン性基を含有し、ArおよびArはイオン性基を含有しても含有しなくても良い。Ar〜Arは任意に置換されていても良く、互いに独立して2種類以上のアリーレン基が用いられても良い。*は一般式(S1)または他の構成単位との結合部位を表す。) (In the general formula (S1), Ar 1 to Ar 4 represent an arbitrary divalent arylene group, Ar 1 and / or Ar 2 contains an ionic group, and Ar 3 and Ar 4 contain an ionic group. It may or may not be contained. Ar 1 to Ar 4 may be optionally substituted, and two or more types of arylene groups may be used independently of each other. * Is the general formula (S1) or Represents a binding site with other structural units.)

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

(一般式(S2)中、Ar〜Arは任意の2価のアリーレン基を表し、任意に置換されていても良いが、イオン性基を含有しない。Ar〜Arは互いに独立して2種類以上のアリーレン基が用いられても良い。*は一般式(S2)または他の構成単位との結合部位を表す。)
ここで、Ar〜Arとして好ましい2価のアリーレン基は、フェニレン基、ナフチレン基、ビフェニレン基、フルオレンジイル基などの炭化水素系アリーレン基、ピリジンジイル、キノキサリンジイル、チオフェンジイルなどのヘテロアリーレン基などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。Ar〜Arは、好ましくはフェニレン基とイオン性基を含有するフェニレン基、最も好ましくはp−フェニレン基とイオン性基を含有するp−フェニレン基である。また、Ar〜Arはイオン性基以外の基で置換されていてもよいが、無置換である方がプロトン伝導性、化学的安定性、物理的耐久性の点でより好ましい。
(In the general formula (S2), Ar 5 to Ar 8 represent any divalent arylene group and may be optionally substituted, but do not contain an ionic group. Ar 5 to Ar 8 are independent of each other. Two or more types of arylene groups may be used. * Represents the general formula (S2) or a bonding site with another structural unit.)
Here, the preferred divalent arylene group as Ar 1 to Ar 8 is a hydrocarbon-based arylene group such as a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group or a fluoreneyl group, or a heteroarylene such as pyridinediyl, quinoxalindiyl or thiophendiyl. Groups and the like can be mentioned, but are not limited to these. Ar 1 to Ar 8 are preferably a phenylene group containing a phenylene group and an ionic group, and most preferably a p-phenylene group containing a p-phenylene group and an ionic group. Further, Ar 5 to Ar 8 may be substituted with a group other than the ionic group, but the unsubstituted one is more preferable in terms of proton conductivity, chemical stability and physical durability.

〔含フッ素高分子多孔質基材〕
含フッ素高分子多孔質基材(以下、単に「多孔質基材」という場合がある。)とは、フッ素原子を有する高分子によって成形されてなる多孔質基材である。フッ素原子を有する高分子は一般的に疎水性の化合物であるため、炭化水素系高分子電解質と複合化することにより、複合電解質膜に耐水性を付与し吸水時の寸法変化を抑制することが出来る。また、一般にフッ素原子を有する高分子化合物は薬品への溶解性が低く化学反応に対し安定であるため、複合電解質膜に耐薬品性、化学的耐久性も付与することが出来る。
[Fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate]
The fluorine-containing polymer porous base material (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “porous base material”) is a porous base material formed of a polymer having a fluorine atom. Since a polymer having a fluorine atom is generally a hydrophobic compound, it is possible to impart water resistance to the composite electrolyte membrane and suppress dimensional changes during water absorption by combining it with a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte. You can. In addition, since a polymer compound having a fluorine atom generally has low solubility in chemicals and is stable against a chemical reaction, it is possible to impart chemical resistance and chemical durability to the composite electrolyte membrane.

本発明においては、多孔質基材として、X線光電子分光法(XPS)により測定される酸素原子含有量が10質量%以下のものが好ましく、8%以下のものがより好ましく、5%以下のものがさらに好ましい。酸素原子含有量が10%を超える場合、多孔質基材の吸水性が増加し、複合電解質膜が吸水した際の寸法変化が大きくなる。多孔質基材の酸素原子含有量は、具体的には後述する実施例第(13)項に記載の方法で測定することが出来る。 In the present invention, the porous substrate preferably has an oxygen atom content of 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% or less, and 5% or less, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Those are more preferable. When the oxygen atom content exceeds 10%, the water absorption of the porous substrate increases, and the dimensional change when the composite electrolyte membrane absorbs water becomes large. The oxygen atom content of the porous substrate can be specifically measured by the method described in Example (13) described later.

多孔質基材は、耐水性の観点から50質量%以上のフッ素原子を含有していることが好ましく、60質量%以上のフッ素原子を含有していることがより好ましく、70質量%以上のフッ素原子を含有していることが特に好ましい。多孔質基材におけるフッ素原子含有量は、多孔質基材を燃焼させて発生したガスを吸収させた溶液のイオンクロマトグラフィーにより測定した値であるものとし、具体的には後述する実施例第(8)項に記載の方法で測定することができる。 From the viewpoint of water resistance, the porous substrate preferably contains 50% by mass or more of fluorine atoms, more preferably 60% by mass or more of fluorine atoms, and 70% by mass or more of fluorine. It is particularly preferable that it contains an atom. The fluorine atom content in the porous base material shall be a value measured by ion chromatography of a solution in which the gas generated by burning the porous base material is absorbed. It can be measured by the method described in item 8).

なお、高分子電解質と複合化された後の複合電解質膜中に存在する多孔質基材の分析を行う場合、複合電解質膜を高分子電解質のみを溶解する溶媒に浸漬することで多孔質基材のみを取り出すことが可能である。用いる溶媒は、高分子電解質材料の化学種や高次構造により選択すべきものであるが、例えば、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、ヘキサメチルホスホントリアミド等の非プロトン性極性溶媒、γ−ブチロラクトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル系溶媒、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなどのカーボネート系溶媒、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルなどが好適である。 When analyzing the porous base material existing in the composite electrolyte membrane after being composited with the polymer electrolyte, the porous base material is immersed in a solvent that dissolves only the polymer electrolyte. It is possible to take out only. The solvent to be used should be selected according to the chemical type and higher-order structure of the polymer electrolyte material. For example, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, etc. Aprotonic polar solvents such as sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and hexamethylphosphotriamide, ester solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. A solvent, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether are suitable.

多孔質基材を構成するフッ素原子含有高分子としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリヘキサフルオロプロピレン、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、エチレン・テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリビニリデンジフルオリド(PVDF)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、パーフルオロアルコキシフッ素樹脂(PFA)、エチレンクロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体(ECTFE)などが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。耐水性の観点から、PTFE、ポリヘキサプロピレン、FEP、PFAが好ましく、分子配向により高い機械強度を有することから、PTFEが特に好ましい。 Examples of the fluoroatom-containing polymer constituting the porous substrate include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyhexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. (ETFE), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), perfluoroalkoxy fluororesin (PFA), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), etc., but are not limited thereto. .. From the viewpoint of water resistance, PTFE, polyhexapropylene, FEP, and PFA are preferable, and PTFE is particularly preferable because it has high mechanical strength due to molecular orientation.

多孔質基材の形態としては、空孔の無い多孔質膜を膜面方向に延伸し微細な空孔を形成させた延伸微多孔膜や、フッ素原子含有高分子化合物溶液を調製し製膜した後、溶媒を含んだままの状態でフッ素原子含有高分子化合物の貧溶媒に浸漬し凝固させた湿式凝固微多孔膜、フッ素原子含有高分子化合物溶液を紡糸した溶液紡糸ファイバーからなる不織布、フッ素原子含有高分子化合物を溶融し紡糸した溶融紡糸ファイバーからなる不織布などが挙げられる。溶液紡糸の方法としては、口金より高圧を加え繊維状に吐出したフッ素原子含有高分子溶液を熱風により乾燥させる乾式紡糸法や、繊維状に吐出したフッ素原子含有高分子溶液を当該フッ素原子含有高分子化合物の貧溶媒に浸漬し凝固させる湿式紡糸法、高電圧を引加した空間へフッ素原子含有高分子溶液を吐出し静電気により繊維状に引っ張るエレクトロスピニングなどが挙げられる。溶融紡糸法としては、溶融したフッ素原子含有高分子を口金より繊維状に吐出したメルトブロー紡糸が挙げられる。 As the form of the porous base material, a stretched microporous film in which a porous film having no pores was stretched in the direction of the film surface to form fine pores, or a fluorine atom-containing polymer compound solution was prepared and formed. After that, a wet solidified microporous membrane that was coagulated by immersing it in a poor solvent of a fluorine atom-containing polymer compound while still containing a solvent, a non-woven fabric made of a solution-spun fiber obtained by spinning a fluorine atom-containing polymer compound solution, and a fluorine atom. Examples thereof include a non-woven film made of melt-spun fibers obtained by melting and spinning a contained polymer compound. As a solution spinning method, a dry spinning method in which a fluorine atom-containing polymer solution discharged in a fibrous form by applying a high pressure from a mouthpiece is dried by hot air, or a fluorine atom-containing polymer solution discharged in a fibrous form is used as a fluorine atom-containing high molecular weight solution. Examples include a wet spinning method in which a molecular compound is immersed in a poor solvent to solidify it, and electrospinning in which a fluorine atom-containing polymer solution is discharged into a space to which a high voltage is applied and pulled into a fibrous form by static electricity. Examples of the melt spinning method include melt blow spinning in which a molten fluorine atom-containing polymer is discharged into a fibrous form from a mouthpiece.

本発明で使用する多孔質基材の厚みに特に制限はなく、複合電解質膜の用途によって決めるべきものであるが、0.5〜50μmの膜厚を有するものが実用的に用いられ、2μm以上40μm以下ものもが好ましく用いられる。 The thickness of the porous base material used in the present invention is not particularly limited and should be determined depending on the use of the composite electrolyte membrane. However, those having a film thickness of 0.5 to 50 μm are practically used and have a thickness of 2 μm or more. Those having a thickness of 40 μm or less are preferably used.

炭化水素系高分子電解質と複合化する前の多孔質基材の空隙率は、特に限定されないが、得られる複合電解質膜のプロトン伝導性と機械強度の両立の観点から、50〜98%が好ましく、80〜98%がより好ましい。なお、多孔質基材の空隙率Y1(体積%)は下記の数式によって求めた値と定義する。 The porosity of the porous substrate before compounding with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 98% from the viewpoint of achieving both proton conductivity and mechanical strength of the obtained composite electrolyte membrane. , 80-98% is more preferred. The porosity Y1 (volume%) of the porous substrate is defined as a value obtained by the following mathematical formula.

Y1=(1−Db/Da)×100
Da:含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を構成する高分子の比重
Db:含フッ素高分子多孔質基材全体の比重
〔フッ素系界面活性剤〕
本発明で用いるフッ素系界面活性剤(以下、単に「界面活性剤」という場合がある)は、アルキル基、アルケニル基またはアリール基中の水素原子をフッ素原子で置換した、フッ化アルキル基、フッ化アルケニル基またはフッ化アリール基からなるフッ素含有基と、親媒基(親水性基または親油性基)とを有する化合物であることが好ましい。
Y1 = (1-Db / Da) x 100
Da: Specific gravity of the polymer constituting the fluoropolymer porous substrate Db: Specific gravity of the entire fluoropolymer porous substrate [Fluorine-based surfactant]
The fluorine-based surfactant used in the present invention (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "surfactant") is an alkyl fluoride group, which is obtained by substituting a hydrogen atom in an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group with a fluorine atom. It is preferably a compound having a fluorine-containing group composed of an alkenyl compound or an aryl fluoride group and a parent medium group (hydrophilic group or oil lipophilic group).

親媒基としては非イオン性の親媒基が好ましい。親媒基がイオン性の場合、水への親和性が高くなるため、電解質膜の添加剤としてフッ素系界面活性剤を使用した場合に、電解質膜からフッ素系界面活性剤が溶出することで、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材と炭化水素系高分子電解質の界面で剥離が生じ、機械耐久が低下することがある。 As the parent medium group, a nonionic parent medium group is preferable. When the parent medium group is ionic, the affinity for water is high. Therefore, when a fluorine-based surfactant is used as an additive for the electrolyte membrane, the fluorine-based surfactant is eluted from the electrolyte membrane. Peeling may occur at the interface between the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate and the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte, which may reduce mechanical durability.

フッ素含有基は、アルキル基、アルケニル基またはアリール基中の全ての水素原子をフッ素原子で置換した、パーフルオロアルキル基、パーフルオロアルケニル基またはパーフルオロアリール基が好ましい。 The fluorine-containing group is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkenyl group or a perfluoroaryl group in which all hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group are replaced with fluorine atoms.

フッ素含有基としては、界面活性効果が優れることから、フッ化アルケニル基またはフッ化アリール基がより好ましく、柔軟な構造を有し高い界面活性作用を示すことから、フッ化アルケニル基がさらに好ましい。 As the fluorine-containing group, an alkenyl fluoride group or an aryl fluoride group is more preferable because it has an excellent surface-active effect, and an alkenyl fluoride group is further preferable because it has a flexible structure and exhibits a high surface-active action.

フッ素含有基は、炭素数が2個以上であることが好ましく、4個以上であることがより好ましく、6個以上であることが特に好ましい。また、炭素数が20個以下であることが好ましく、15個以下であることがより好ましく、10個以下であることが特に好ましい。炭素数が2個未満である場合、揮発性、水溶性が高く電解質膜中に残存せずに物理的耐久性が低下することがある。炭素数が20個を超える場合、炭化水素系高分子電解質との親和性が低下し、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の親和性向上が不十分となる。 The fluorine-containing group preferably has 2 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 4 or more carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 or more carbon atoms. Further, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 15 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less. When the number of carbon atoms is less than 2, it is highly volatile and water-soluble and may not remain in the electrolyte membrane, resulting in a decrease in physical durability. When the number of carbon atoms exceeds 20, the affinity with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is lowered, and the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate is insufficiently improved.

具体的には、フッ化アルキル基としては、フッ化エチル基、フッ化プロピル基、フッ化ブチル基、フッ化ペンチル基、フッ化ヘキシル基、フッ化ヘプチル基、フッ化オクチル基、フッ化ノニル基、フッ化デシル基を挙げることができる。また、フッ化アルケニル基としては、フッ化エテニル基、フッ化プロペニル基、フッ化ブテニル基、フッ化ペンテニル基、フッ化ヘキセニル基、フッ化ヘプテニル基、フッ化オクテニル基、フッ化ノネニル基、フッ化デセニル基を挙げることができる。その中でも、揮発性、水溶性が低く電解質膜中に残存し易いことからフッ化ヘキシル基、フッ化ヘプチル基、フッ化オクチル基、フッ化ノニル基、フッ化デシル基、フッ化ヘキセニル基、フッ化ヘプテニル基、フッ化オクテニル基、フッ化ノネニル基、フッ化デセニル基がより好ましい。ここで、「フッ化エチル基」としては、1官能基中に含まれるフッ素原子の数によりモノフルオロエチル基、ジフルオロエチル基、トリフルオロエチル基、テトラフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基の5種類の官能基が有り得るが、本明細書において「フッ化エチル基」はこれらの総称として用いる。「フッ化プロピル基」や「フッ化ブチル基」などのその他の官能基についても同様である。また、前記ジフルオロエチル基の場合、2個のフッ素原子を有する官能基であり1,1−ジフルオロエチル基、1,2−ジフルオロエチル基、2,2−ジフルオロエチル基という3種類の構造異性体が存在するが、本明細書において「ジフルオロエチル基」はこれらの総称として用いる。「トリフルオロエチル基」や「テトラフルオロエチル基」などのその他の官能基についても同様である。 Specifically, the alkyl fluoride group includes an ethyl fluoride group, a propyl fluoride group, a butyl fluoride group, a pentyl fluoride group, a hexyl fluoride group, a heptyl fluoride group, an octyl fluoride group, and a nonyl fluoride. Examples include a group and a decyl fluoride group. Examples of the alkenyl fluoride group include ethenyl fluoride group, propenyl fluoride group, butenyl fluoride group, pentenyl fluoride group, hexenyl fluoride group, heptenyl fluoride group, octenyl fluoride group, nonenyl fluoride group, and fluorine group. A decenyl group can be mentioned. Among them, hexyl fluoride group, heptyl fluoride group, octyl fluoride group, nonyl fluoride group, decyl fluoride group, hexenyl fluoride group, and fluorine group because they are low in volatile and water-soluble and easily remain in the electrolyte membrane. A heptenyl group, an octenyl fluoride group, a nonenyl fluoride group, and a decenyl fluoride group are more preferable. Here, as the "ethyl fluoride group", there are five types, a monofluoroethyl group, a difluoroethyl group, a trifluoroethyl group, a tetrafluoroethyl group, and a pentafluoroethyl group, depending on the number of fluorine atoms contained in the monofunctional group. Although there may be functional groups of, "ethyl fluoride group" is used as a general term for these in the present specification. The same applies to other functional groups such as "propyl fluoride group" and "butyl fluoride group". Further, in the case of the difluoroethyl group, it is a functional group having two fluorine atoms and has three types of structural isomers: 1,1-difluoroethyl group, 1,2-difluoroethyl group and 2,2-difluoroethyl group. However, in the present specification, "difluoroethyl group" is used as a general term for these. The same applies to other functional groups such as "trifluoroethyl group" and "tetrafluoroethyl group".

フッ素含有基の構造は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状等であることができるが、中でも分岐鎖状の構造を有する場合、フッ素化合物同士の相互作用が弱くなり、表面張力が低下し易いため好ましい。本発明においては、特に下記式(F1)に示す構造からなるフッ素含有基を有する界面活性剤が特に好ましい。 The structure of the fluorine-containing group can be linear, branched-chain, cyclic, etc., but in particular, when it has a branched-chain structure, the interaction between the fluorine compounds is weakened, and the surface tension tends to decrease. Therefore, it is preferable. In the present invention, a surfactant having a fluorine-containing group having a structure represented by the following formula (F1) is particularly preferable.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

(式(F1)において*は他の原子団との結合箇所を意味する。)
フッ素系界面活性剤としては、フッ素原子を1分子内に10質量%以上有する化合物が好適に用いられる。フッ素原子を20質量%以上有する化合物はより好ましく、フッ素原子を40質量%以上有する化合物は更に好ましい。1分子内のフッ素原子含有量が10質量%未満の場合、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材との親和性向上効果が不十分となり、乾湿サイクルにともない複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の界面剥離が生じる可能性がある。
(In equation (F1), * means a bond with another atomic group.)
As the fluorine-based surfactant, a compound having 10% by mass or more of fluorine atoms in one molecule is preferably used. A compound having 20% by mass or more of fluorine atoms is more preferable, and a compound having 40% by mass or more of fluorine atoms is further preferable. When the fluorine atom content in one molecule is less than 10% by mass, the effect of improving the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate becomes insufficient, and the composite layer is contained in the dry-wet cycle. Interfacial peeling of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous base fiber may occur.

親媒性基は、親水性基あるいは親油性基であることができる。 The amphipathic group can be a hydrophilic group or a lipophilic group.

親水性基は、酸素、窒素、リン、硫黄およびホウ素からなる群より選択される親水性元素を有する官能基であり、ポリエーテル基、カルボン酸エステル基、スルホン酸エステル基、亜リン酸エステル基またはリン酸エステル基を含む基が好ましく、イオン性基との水素結合を形成することにより高分子電解質との親和性に優れ且つ化学的安定性にも優れることからポリエーテル基を含む基がより好ましい。その中でも、下記一般式(C1)に示すポリアルキルエーテル構造または一般式(C2)に示すポリアクリレート構造を有する基が好ましく、特に高分子電解質との親和性に優れることから一般式(C1)に示すポリアルキルエーテルがより好ましい。 The hydrophilic group is a functional group having a hydrophilic element selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and boron, and is a polyether group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a sulfonic acid ester group, and a phosphite ester group. Alternatively, a group containing a phosphate ester group is preferable, and a group containing a polyether group is more preferable because it has excellent affinity with a polymer electrolyte and excellent chemical stability by forming a hydrogen bond with an ionic group. preferable. Among them, a group having a polyalkyl ether structure represented by the following general formula (C1) or a polyacrylate structure represented by the general formula (C2) is preferable, and the general formula (C1) is particularly excellent because it has an excellent affinity with a polymer electrolyte. The polyalkyl ethers shown are more preferred.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

(一般式(C1)においてq、rはr=2qを満たす自然数であり、sはアルキルエーテル構造の繰り返し数を意味する1以上1000以下の整数である。一般式(C2)において、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、炭素数1〜20のアルケニル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の基であり、tはアクリレート構造の繰り返し数を意味する1以上1000以下の整数である。(C1)または(C2)においてsまたはtが2以上である場合、複数のアルキルエーテル構造またはアクリレート構造は、それぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよい。)
親油性基としては、フッ素原子を含まない、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、フェニル基が挙げられる。
(In the general formula (C1), q and r are natural numbers satisfying r = 2q, and s is an integer of 1 or more and 1000 or less, which means the number of repetitions of the alkyl ether structure. In the general formula (C2), R is hydrogen. It is at least one group selected from an atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and t is 1 or more meaning the number of repetitions of the acrylate structure. It is an integer of 1000 or less. When s or t is 2 or more in (C1) or (C2), the plurality of alkyl ether structures or acrylate structures may be the same or different.)
Examples of the lipophilic group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group and a phenyl group which do not contain a fluorine atom.

フッ素系界面活性剤としては、150℃における蒸気圧が2kPa未満の化合物が好ましく、150℃における蒸気圧が1kPa以下の化合物が特に好ましく、沸点を有さない、すなわち沸騰することなく熱分解を開始する化合物が最も好ましい。本発明においては特に、フッ素系界面活性剤が、熱重量示差熱分析における5%重量減少温度が150℃以上の化合物であることが好ましい。かかるフッ素系界面活性剤であれば製膜時に揮発・分解しないため複合電解質膜中に残存させることができ、優れた物理的耐久性を得ることができる。 As the fluorine-based surfactant, a compound having a vapor pressure of less than 2 kPa at 150 ° C. is preferable, and a compound having a vapor pressure of 1 kPa or less at 150 ° C. is particularly preferable, and the compound does not have a boiling point, that is, thermal decomposition is started without boiling. The compound to be used is most preferable. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable that the fluorine-based surfactant is a compound having a 5% weight loss temperature of 150 ° C. or higher in the thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis. Since such a fluorine-based surfactant does not volatilize or decompose during film formation, it can remain in the composite electrolyte membrane, and excellent physical durability can be obtained.

フッ素系界面活性剤の重量平均分子量は1000以上であることが好ましく、1500以上であることがより好ましく、2000以上であることが更に好ましい。フッ素系界面活性剤の重量平均分子量が1000未満の場合、製膜における乾燥工程中の揮発や電解質膜溶液への溶解により、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材との親和性が低下し、乾湿サイクルにともなう複合層中の炭化水素家高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の界面剥離が生じることがある。 The weight average molecular weight of the fluorine-based surfactant is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1500 or more, and further preferably 2000 or more. When the weight average molecular weight of the fluorine-based surfactant is less than 1000, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate is caused by volatilization during the drying process in the membrane formation and dissolution in the electrolyte membrane solution. The properties may deteriorate, and interfacial peeling of the hydrocarbon-containing polymer porous base fiber and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate fiber in the composite layer may occur due to the dry-wet cycle.

フッ素系界面活性剤としては、フッ素含有基の分子量が200以上であることが好ましく、400以上であることがより好ましく、1000以上であることが更に好ましい。フッ素含有基の分子量が200未満の場合、フッ素含有基における分子鎖の柔軟性や自由度が不足することにより、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材との親和性が不十分となり、乾湿サイクルにともなう複合層中の炭化水素家高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の界面剥離が生じることがある。 As the fluorine-based surfactant, the molecular weight of the fluorine-containing group is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 400 or more, and further preferably 1000 or more. When the molecular weight of the fluorine-containing group is less than 200, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate is poor due to insufficient flexibility and freedom of the molecular chain in the fluorine-containing group. When it becomes sufficient, interfacial peeling of the hydrocarbon compound polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate fiber in the composite layer may occur due to the dry-wet cycle.

本発明で好ましく用いられる非イオン性フッ素系界面活性剤としては、例えば、DIC(株)製の“メガファック”(登録商標)F−251、同F−253、同F−281、同F−430、同F−477、同F−551、同F−552、同F−553、同F−554、同F−555、同F−556、同F−557、同F−558、同F−559、同F−560、同F−561、同F−562、同F−563、同F−565、同F−568、同F−570、同F−572、同F−574、同F−575、同F−576、同R−40、同R−40−LM、同R−41、同R−94、同RS−56、同RS−72−K、同RS−75、同RS−76−E、同RS−76−NS、同DS−21、同F444、同TF−2066、AGC(株)製の“サーフロン”(登録商標)S−141、同S−145、同S−241、同S−242、同S−243、同S−386、同S−420、同S−611、同S−651、(株)ネオス社製の“フタージェント”(登録商標)251、同208M、同212M、同215M、同250、同209F、同222F、同245F、同208G、同218GL、同240G、同212P、同220P、同228P、同FTX−218、同DFX−18、同710FL、同710FM、同710FS、同730FL、同730FM、同610FM、同683、同601AD、同601ADH2、同602A、同650AC、同681、三菱マテリアル電子化成(株)製のEF−PP31N04、EF−PP31N09、EF−PP31N15、EF−PP31N22、3M社製のFC−4430、FC−4432、OMNOVA SOLUTIONS社製のPF−151N、PF−636、PF−6320、PF−656、PF−6520、PF−652−NF、PF−3320、ダイキン工業(株)製のTG−9131、“ゼッフル”(登録商標)GH−701、ソルベイジャパン(株)製の“フルオロリンク”(登録商標)A10−P等を挙げることができる。 Examples of the nonionic fluorine-based surfactant preferably used in the present invention include "Megafuck" (registered trademark) F-251, F-253, F-281, and F- of DIC Co., Ltd. 430, F-477, F-551, F-552, F-553, F-554, F-555, F-556, F-557, F-558, F- 559, F-560, F-561, F-562, F-563, F-565, F-568, F-570, F-572, F-574, F- 575, F-576, R-40, R-40-LM, R-41, R-94, RS-56, RS-72-K, RS-75, RS-76 -E, RS-76-NS, DS-21, F444, TF-2066, "Surflon" (registered trademark) S-141, S-145, S-241, manufactured by AGC Co., Ltd. S-242, S-243, S-386, S-420, S-611, S-651, Neos Co., Ltd. "Futagon" (registered trademark) 251 and 208M, 212M, 215M, 250, 209F, 222F, 245F, 208G, 218GL, 240G, 212P, 220P, 228P, FTX-218, DFX-18, 710FL, same 710FM, 710FS, 730FL, 730FM, 610FM, 683, 601AD, 601ADH2, 602A, 650AC, 681, EF-PP31N04, EF-PP31N09, EF manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Electronics Co., Ltd. -PP31N15, EF-PP31N22, 3M FC-4430, FC-4432, OMNOVA SOLUTIONS PF-151N, PF-636, PF-6320, PF-656, PF-6520, PF-652-NF, PF-3320, TG-9131 manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd., "Zefle" (registered trademark) GH-701, "Fluorolink" (registered trademark) A10-P manufactured by Solvay Japan Co., Ltd., etc. ..

〔ポリフッ化ビニリデン〕
ポリフッ化ビニリデンとは、フッ化ビニリデンの単独重合体(すなわち、純粋なポリフッ化ビニリデン)のほか、フッ化ビニリデンと他の共重合可能なモノマーとの共重合体も含むものとする。フッ化ビニリデンと共重合可能なモノマーとしては、例えば、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフロロプロピレン、トリフロロエチレン、トリクロロエチレンあるいはフッ化ビニル等の一種類又は二種類以上を用いることができる。このようなポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂は、乳化重合または懸濁重合により得ることが可能である。
[Polyvinylidene fluoride]
The polyvinylidene fluoride is defined to include a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride (that is, pure polyvinylidene fluoride) as well as a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and another copolymerizable monomer. As the monomer copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride, for example, one kind or two or more kinds such as tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoroethylene, trichlorethylene and vinyl fluoride can be used. Such a polyvinylidene fluoride-based resin can be obtained by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization.

また、使用するポリフッ化ビニリデンとしては、分子量が大きいと炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材との接着性が向上する。そのためポリフッ化ビニリデンの重量平均分子量は30万以上が好ましく、50万以上がより好ましい。 Further, as the polyvinylidene fluoride used, when the molecular weight is large, the adhesiveness between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material is improved. Therefore, the weight average molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is preferably 300,000 or more, more preferably 500,000 or more.

〔親和性向上ポリマー〕
広範な親和性向上ポリマーが炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質界面の剥離抑制を目的として使用される。特に炭化水素系高分子電解質と高い親和性を有するポリマーの例はポリウレタン、エポキシ、ポリエステル、ポリスチレン、ポリアミド、ポリフタルアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアリーレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、液晶ポリマー、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリシロキサン、ポリフッ化ビニリデンである。この中でも特に、フッ素系高分子とも高い親和性を有する、上述したポリフッ化ビニリデンが好ましい。
[Affinity-enhancing polymer]
A wide range of affinity-enhancing polymers are used for the purpose of suppressing peeling between hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolytes and fluorine-containing polymer porous interfaces. Examples of polymers that have high affinity with hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolytes are polyurethane, epoxy, polyester, polystyrene, polyamide, polyphthalamide, polyamideimide, polyarylate, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, etc. Polyphenylene sulfide, liquid crystal polymer, polybenzimidazole, polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polysiloxane, polyvinylidene fluoride. Among these, the above-mentioned polyvinylidene fluoride, which has a high affinity with a fluorine-based polymer, is particularly preferable.

親和性向上ポリマーは含フッ素高分子多孔質繊維の表面に強く接着するために高い分子量のポリマーが好ましく、重量平均分子量は30万以上が好ましく、50万以上がより好ましい。 The affinity-enhancing polymer is preferably a polymer having a high molecular weight in order to strongly adhere to the surface of the fluorine-containing polymer porous fiber, and the weight average molecular weight is preferably 300,000 or more, more preferably 500,000 or more.

ここでは、上述した前記フッ素系界面活性剤、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、親和性向上ポリマーを総じて親和性向上剤と記載する。 Here, the above-mentioned fluorine-based surfactant, polyvinylidene fluoride, and affinity-improving polymer are generally referred to as affinity-improving agents.

〔コート付き多孔質基材〕
コート付き多孔質基材とは多孔質基材上に非プロトン性極性溶媒の液滴を配置した際に、含浸可能な含フッ素高分子多孔質基材であり、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に少なくともフッ素系界面活性剤またはポリフッ化ビニリデンがコーティングされたものである。ここでいう非プロトン性極性溶媒が含浸可能とは、代表的な非プロトン性極性溶媒であるN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)の液滴を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の表面上へ配置した際に、30秒以内に配置部分が透明になる多孔質基材のことである。炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を複合化するには、非プロトン性極性溶媒が含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸可能となるように、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に親和性向上剤を付与するのが好ましい。また、水が含浸しないとは、水滴を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の表面上へ配置した際に、120秒以内に配置部分が透明にならない多孔質基材のことである。
[Coated porous substrate]
The coated porous base material is a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material that can be impregnated when droplets of an aprotic polar solvent are placed on the porous base material, and is a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material. Is coated with at least a fluorine-based surfactant or polyvinylidene fluoride. The term "impregnable with an aprotic polar solvent" as used herein means that droplets of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), which is a typical aprotic polar solvent, can be impregnated onto the surface of a fluoropolymer porous substrate. It is a porous base material in which the arranged portion becomes transparent within 30 seconds when it is arranged. In order to combine the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluoropolymer porous substrate, the fluoropolymer porous substrate can be impregnated with an aprotonic polar solvent so that the fluoropolymer porous substrate can be impregnated. It is preferable to impart an affinity improver to the base material. Further, "not impregnated with water" means a porous base material in which the arranged portion does not become transparent within 120 seconds when water droplets are placed on the surface of the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material.

コート付き多孔質基材のコーティングに用いる親和性向上剤としては少なくともフッ素系界面活性剤またはポリフッ化ビニリデンが含まれるが、フッ素系界面活性剤とコーティングポリマーが含まれることが好ましく、特にフッ素系界面活性剤とポリフッ化ビニリデンが含まれることが好ましい。フッ素系界面活性剤は含フッ素高分子多孔質基材への付与量少なく、非プロトン性極性溶媒を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸可能とするが、複合電解質膜として使用する際の炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の剥離抑制という観点ではポリマーコーティングを付与する方が優れている。一方で、ポリマーコーティングのみで、非プロトン性極性溶媒を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸可能とするには、フッ素系界面活性剤に比較して、コーティングを付与する量が増加する。コーティング量が増加すると複合電解質膜とした際にプロトン伝導度が低下する。 The affinity improver used for coating the coated porous substrate includes at least a fluorine-based surfactant or polyvinylidene fluoride, but preferably contains a fluorine-based surfactant and a coating polymer, and particularly a fluorine-based surfactant. It preferably contains an activator and polyvinylidene fluoride. The amount of the fluorine-based surfactant applied to the fluoropolymer porous substrate is small, and the aprotonic polar solvent can be impregnated into the fluoropolymer porous substrate, but carbonation when used as a composite electrolyte film. From the viewpoint of suppressing peeling of the hydrogen-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous base fiber, it is better to apply the polymer coating. On the other hand, in order to enable the aprotic polar solvent to be impregnated into the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate only by the polymer coating, the amount of the coating applied is increased as compared with the fluorine-based surfactant. When the coating amount is increased, the proton conductivity decreases when the composite electrolyte membrane is formed.

コーティングする親和性向上剤は、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の質量を100質量%として、1質量%以上付与することが好ましく3質量%以上付与することがより好ましい。また、同様に30質量%以下付与することが好ましく、20質量%以下付与することがより好ましい。1質量%未満の場合、高分子電解質と多孔質基材の親和性が低下し複合化が出来ないことがある。30質量%を超える場合、界面活性剤が過剰となり含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の空孔を閉塞し、複合電解質膜のプロトン伝導度が低下することがある。親和性向上剤の重量割合は、コーティング前後の重量変化、またはコーティングが溶解可能な溶媒によりコーティングを除去、除去前後の重量変化により測定可能である。 The affinity improver to be coated is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 3% by mass or more, with the mass of the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate being 100% by mass. Similarly, it is preferably added in an amount of 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or less. If it is less than 1% by mass, the affinity between the polymer electrolyte and the porous substrate may decrease and compounding may not be possible. If it exceeds 30% by mass, the surfactant may be excessive and the pores of the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate may be blocked, and the proton conductivity of the composite electrolyte membrane may be lowered. The weight ratio of the affinity improver can be measured by the weight change before and after the coating, or the weight change before and after removing the coating with a solvent in which the coating can be dissolved.

コーティングする親和性向上剤として、含浸する炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液の溶媒へ不溶性の化合物を用いることが好ましい。このような親和性向上剤を使用した場合、炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液の含浸時に含フッ素高分子多孔質基材から高分子電解質へ親和性向上剤が拡散することを防止し、親和性向上剤としての機能を十分に発揮しつつ、親和性向上剤が存在することによるプロトン伝導度の低下を防止することができる。 As the affinity improver for coating, it is preferable to use a compound insoluble in the solvent of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution to be impregnated. When such an affinity improver is used, it prevents the affinity improver from diffusing from the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate to the polymer electrolyte when impregnated with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution, and improves the affinity. While fully exerting its function as an agent, it is possible to prevent a decrease in proton conductivity due to the presence of an affinity improver.

〔コート付き多孔質基材の製造方法〕
親和性向上剤を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に付与する方法としては、
(1)親和性向上剤溶液に浸漬した含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を引き上げながら余剰の溶液を除去して付与量を制御する方法
(2)含フッ素高分子多孔質基材上に親和性向上剤溶液を流延塗布する方法
(3)親和性向上剤溶液を流延塗布した支持基材上に含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を貼り合わせて含浸させる方法
が挙げられる。
[Manufacturing method of coated porous base material]
As a method of applying the affinity improver to the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate,
(1) A method of controlling the amount of the fluoropolymer porous base material immersed in the affinity improver solution by removing the excess solution while pulling up the base material (2) Affinity on the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material. Method of casting-applying the improver solution (3) A method of impregnating a fluoropolymer porous base material on a supporting base material to which the affinity-improving agent solution is cast-coated can be mentioned.

親和性向上剤が液状やオイル状の場合は、前記親和性向上剤溶液の代わりに、親和性向上剤そのものを含浸させても構わないが、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材へ親和性向上剤が浸透しやすくなるように粘度を調整したり、過剰量の親和性向上剤が付与されないように希釈したりするために、所定の溶媒を用いて溶解させた親和性向上剤溶液を用いることが好ましい。 When the affinity improver is liquid or oily, the affinity improver itself may be impregnated instead of the affinity improver solution, but the affinity improver may be impregnated into the fluoropolymer porous substrate. It is possible to use an affinity improver solution dissolved in a predetermined solvent in order to adjust the viscosity so that the substance can easily penetrate into the substance or to dilute it so that an excessive amount of the affinity improver is not applied. preferable.

親和性向上剤溶液を流延塗布する方法としては、ナイフコート、ダイレクトロールコート、マイヤーバーコート、グラビアコート、リバースコート、エアナイフコート、スプレーコート、刷毛塗り、ディップコート、ダイコート、バキュームダイコート、カーテンコート、フローコート、スピンコート、スクリーン印刷、インクジェットコートなどの手法が適用できる。 As a method of casting and applying the affinity improver solution, knife coat, direct roll coat, Meyer bar coat, gravure coat, reverse coat, air knife coat, spray coat, brush coat, dip coat, die coat, vacuum die coat, curtain coat , Flow coating, spin coating, screen printing, inkjet coating and the like can be applied.

溶媒の乾燥は、(3)の方法で含浸を行った場合はそのままの状態で行うことができる。また、(1)または(2)の方法で含浸を行った場合、別途用意した支持基材に多孔質基材を貼り付けた状態で親和性向上剤溶液の溶媒を乾燥する方法が、多孔質基材の皺を低減でき、品位を向上させる点からは好ましい。 When the solvent is impregnated by the method (3), it can be dried as it is. Further, when the impregnation is performed by the method (1) or (2), the method of drying the solvent of the affinity improver solution with the porous base material attached to the separately prepared support base material is the porous method. It is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing wrinkles of the base material and improving the quality.

〔複合電解質膜〕
本発明の複合電解質膜は、前述の炭化水素系高分子電解質と、前述の含フッ素高分子多孔質基材またはコート付き含フッ素高分子多孔質基材とが複合化した複合層を有するものであり、かつ剥離耐性試験として、当該複合電解質膜を水中浸漬および乾燥を繰り返し後に、該複合層に発生する空孔数Vが100以下である。該複合層に発生する空孔数Vは20以下が好ましく、10以下が特に好ましい。剥離耐性試験は具体的には、実施例(14)に記載の方法で行うものとする。
[Composite electrolyte membrane]
The composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention has a composite layer in which the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer porous base material or coated fluorine-containing polymer porous base material are composited. However, as a peeling resistance test, the number of pores V generated in the composite layer after the composite electrolyte membrane is repeatedly immersed in water and dried is 100 or less. The number of pores V generated in the composite layer is preferably 20 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less. Specifically, the peel resistance test shall be carried out by the method described in Example (14).

複合層における炭化水素系高分子電解質の充填率は50%以上であることが好ましく、60%以上であることがより好ましい。複合層の充填率が低下すると、プロトン伝導パスが失われることにより、発電性能が低下することがある。なお、本発明における複合層の充填率は、複合層の総体積に対し高分子電解質が占める割合を示す値であり、具体的には実施例第(3)項に記載の方法で測定するものとする。 The filling rate of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the composite layer is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more. When the filling rate of the composite layer is lowered, the power generation performance may be lowered due to the loss of the proton conduction path. The filling rate of the composite layer in the present invention is a value indicating the ratio of the polymer electrolyte to the total volume of the composite layer, and is specifically measured by the method described in Example (3). And.

本発明の複合電解質膜は、このような複合層1層からなるものでもよく、複合層を2層以上積層したものであってもよい。積層する場合、異なる充填率を有する複数の複合層を積層したものであってもよい。また、複合層の両側または片側に接して、炭化水素系高分子電解質のみからなる多孔質基材等の補強材と複合化されていない高分子電解質層を有していてもよい。このような層を有することにより、複合電解質膜と電極の接着性を向上させ、界面剥離を抑制することができる。 The composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention may be composed of one such composite layer, or may be a stack of two or more composite layers. When laminating, a plurality of composite layers having different filling factors may be laminated. Further, it may have a polymer electrolyte layer that is in contact with both sides or one side of the composite layer and is not composited with a reinforcing material such as a porous substrate composed of only a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte. By having such a layer, the adhesiveness between the composite electrolyte membrane and the electrode can be improved, and interfacial peeling can be suppressed.

本発明の複合電解質膜は、複合層を有することにより、面方向の寸法変化率を低減することができる。面方向の寸法変化率の低下により、燃料電池の電解質膜として用いた際に、乾湿サイクル時に電解質膜のエッジ部分等に発生する膨潤収縮によるストレスを低減し、耐久性を向上させることができる。複合電解質膜の面方向の寸法変化率λxyは、10%以下であることが好ましく、8%以下であることがより好ましく、5%以下であることがさらに好ましい。 By having the composite layer, the composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention can reduce the dimensional change rate in the plane direction. Due to the decrease in the dimensional change rate in the plane direction, when used as an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell, stress due to swelling and shrinkage generated at an edge portion of the electrolyte membrane during a dry-wet cycle can be reduced, and durability can be improved. The dimensional change rate λxy in the plane direction of the composite electrolyte membrane is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 8% or less, and further preferably 5% or less.

また、複合電解質膜における面方向の寸法変化率は、MD、TD方向の異方性が小さいことが好ましい。異方性が大きい場合、燃料電池のセルデザインを制約したり、寸法変化の大きい方向と直交するエッジに膨潤収縮によるストレスが集中し、その部分から電解質膜の破断が始まったりすることがある。具体的には、複合電解質膜の面方向における、TD方向の寸法変化率λTDに対するMD方向の寸法変化率λMDの比λMD/λTDが、0.5<λMD/λTD<2.0を満たすことが好ましい。ここで、寸法変化率とは、乾燥状態における複合電解質膜の寸法と湿潤状態における複合電解質膜の寸法の変化を表す指標であり、具体的な測定は実施例第(4)項に記載の方法で行う。 Further, it is preferable that the dimensional change rate in the plane direction of the composite electrolyte membrane has a small anisotropy in the MD and TD directions. When the anisotropy is large, the cell design of the fuel cell may be restricted, or the stress due to swelling and contraction may be concentrated on the edge orthogonal to the direction in which the dimensional change is large, and the electrolyte membrane may start to break from that portion. Specifically, the ratio λMD / λTD of the dimensional change rate λMD in the MD direction to the dimensional change rate λTD in the TD direction in the plane direction of the composite electrolyte membrane may satisfy 0.5 <λMD / λTD <2.0. preferable. Here, the dimensional change rate is an index showing a change in the size of the composite electrolyte membrane in the dry state and the size of the composite electrolyte membrane in the wet state, and specific measurement is performed by the method described in Item (4). Do it with.

本発明の複合電解質膜おける、幅当たりの含水引張弾性率が20N/cm以上であることが好ましく、30N/cm以上であることがより好ましく、40N/cm以上であることが更に好ましい。幅当たりの含水引張弾性率が20N/cm以上であれば含水状態における電解質膜の軟化を抑制することができ、燃料電池としての物理的耐久性をより向上させることができる。含水引張弾性率の具体的な測定は実施例第(16)項に記載の方法で行う。 The water-containing tensile elastic modulus per width of the composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention is preferably 20 N / cm or more, more preferably 30 N / cm or more, and further preferably 40 N / cm or more. When the water content tensile elastic modulus per width is 20 N / cm or more, the softening of the electrolyte membrane in the water content state can be suppressed, and the physical durability as a fuel cell can be further improved. The specific measurement of the water-containing tensile elastic modulus is carried out by the method described in Example (16).

また、乾湿サイクル後の幅あたりの含水引張弾性率が20N/cm以上であることが好ましく、30N/cm以上であることがより好ましく、40N/cm以上であることが更に好ましい。幅当たりの含水引張弾性率が20N/cm以上であれば乾湿サイクル後においても、含水状態における電解質膜の軟化を抑制することができ、燃料電池としての物理的耐久性をより向上させることができる。含水引張弾性率の具体的な測定は実施例第(17)項に記載の方法で行う。 Further, the water content tensile elastic modulus per width after the dry-wet cycle is preferably 20 N / cm or more, more preferably 30 N / cm or more, and further preferably 40 N / cm or more. If the water-containing tensile elastic modulus per width is 20 N / cm or more, the softening of the electrolyte membrane in the water-containing state can be suppressed even after the dry-wet cycle, and the physical durability as a fuel cell can be further improved. .. The specific measurement of the water-containing tensile elastic modulus is carried out by the method described in Example (17).

また、乾湿サイクル前後の幅あたりの含水引張弾性率比が0.8以上であることが好ましく、0.9以上であることが好ましい。乾湿サイクル前後の幅あたりの含水引張弾性率比は実施例第(17)項で測定される引張弾性率の値を、実施例第(16)項で測定される引張弾性率の値で割ることにより算出される。 Further, the water content tensile elastic modulus ratio per width before and after the dry-wet cycle is preferably 0.8 or more, and preferably 0.9 or more. The water-containing tensile modulus ratio per width before and after the dry-wet cycle is obtained by dividing the tensile modulus value measured in Example (17) by the tensile modulus value measured in Example (16). Is calculated by.

本発明の複合電解質膜における複合層の厚みは、とくに限定されるものでないが、0.5μm以上50μm以下が好ましく、2μm以上40μm以下がより好ましい。複合層が厚い場合、電解質膜の乾湿サイクル耐久性が向上する一方で、膜抵抗が増大する傾向がある。逆に、複合層が薄い場合、発電性能が向上する一方で、乾湿サイクル耐久性に課題が生じ、電気短絡や燃料透過などの問題が生じやすい傾向がある。 The thickness of the composite layer in the composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and more preferably 2 μm or more and 40 μm or less. When the composite layer is thick, the dry-wet cycle durability of the electrolyte membrane is improved, but the membrane resistance tends to increase. On the contrary, when the composite layer is thin, while the power generation performance is improved, problems arise in the durability of the dry-wet cycle, and problems such as electric short circuit and fuel permeation tend to occur.

複合電解質膜における親和性向上剤の含有量は、複合電解質膜に含まれる炭化水素系高分子電解質の総量に対する質量比で、0.005以上が好ましく、0.01以上がより好ましい。また、0.20以下が好ましく、0.10以下がより好ましい。当該比が0.005未満の場合、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材やとの親和性が不十分であり、複合層中の炭化水素家高分子電解質割合の低下、乾湿サイクルにともなう炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の剥離が生じることがある。また、当該比が0.20を超える場合、親和性向上剤が過剰となり電解質膜のプロトン伝導度が低下することがある。なお、ここでの親和性向上剤の含有量は、完成した電解質膜中に残存している親和性向上剤の量であり、製造過程で脱落した親和性向上剤は除外した量を意味するものとする。 The content of the affinity improver in the composite electrolyte membrane is preferably 0.005 or more, more preferably 0.01 or more, in terms of the mass ratio to the total amount of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte contained in the composite electrolyte membrane. Further, 0.20 or less is preferable, and 0.10 or less is more preferable. If the ratio is less than 0.005, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate is insufficient, and the ratio of the hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte in the composite layer decreases. The hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous base fiber may be peeled off during the dry-wet cycle. If the ratio exceeds 0.20, the affinity improver may become excessive and the proton conductivity of the electrolyte membrane may decrease. The content of the affinity improver here is the amount of the affinity improver remaining in the completed electrolyte membrane, and means the amount excluding the affinity improver dropped during the manufacturing process. And.

複合電解質膜における親和性向上剤は、複合層の電解質中に偏在しているのが好ましい。偏在しているとは、具体的には「(複合層中に含まれる親和性向上剤/電解質割合)/複合層膜厚」の値が、「単層中に含まれる親和性向上剤/単層膜厚」に対して、1.2以上であることをいい、、2.0以上がより好ましい。複合電解質膜の好ましい製造形態は含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に親和性向上剤をコーティング、その後に炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を含浸することで、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を複合化することである。コーティングされた親和性向上剤は含浸・乾燥工程で炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液中に一部溶解、単層中に移動する場合がある。溶解量が多いと、炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の親和性が不十分となり、複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質割合の低下、乾湿サイクルにともなう炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の剥離が生じることがある。つまり、乾湿サイクルにともなう炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の剥離が抑制された複合電解質膜では、親和性向上剤が複合層中に偏在することとなる。電解質溶液にフッ素系界面活性剤を添加する場合においても、複合層中にフッ素系界面活性剤が偏在するように乾燥方法等を工夫することが好ましい。 The affinity improver in the composite electrolyte membrane is preferably unevenly distributed in the electrolyte of the composite layer. The uneven distribution means that, specifically, the value of "(affinity improver / electrolyte ratio contained in the composite layer) / film thickness of the composite layer" is "affinity improver / single contained in the single layer". It means that it is 1.2 or more with respect to the "layer film thickness", and 2.0 or more is more preferable. A preferable production form of the composite electrolyte membrane is to coat a fluoropolymer porous base material with an affinity improver and then impregnate it with a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution to obtain a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer. It is a composite of porous substrates. The coated affinity improver may be partially dissolved in the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution in the impregnation / drying step and may move into the single layer. If the amount of dissolution is large, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluoropolymer porous base material becomes insufficient, the proportion of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the composite layer decreases, and the hydrocarbon-based polymer accompanies the dry-wet cycle. Peeling of the polymer electrolyte and the fluoropolymer porous substrate fiber may occur. That is, in the composite electrolyte membrane in which the peeling of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous base fiber during the dry-wet cycle is suppressed, the affinity improver is unevenly distributed in the composite layer. Even when the fluorine-based surfactant is added to the electrolyte solution, it is preferable to devise a drying method or the like so that the fluorine-based surfactant is unevenly distributed in the composite layer.

〔複合電解質膜の製造方法〕
本発明において、複合電解質膜の製造方法は、前記フッ素系界面活性剤を予め混合した炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材またはコート付き多孔質基材に含浸、または炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液をコート付き多孔質基材に含浸した後に、乾燥させて炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液に含まれる溶媒を除去することにより製造する。以下、本項ではフッ素系界面活性剤を含む場合も含まない場合も炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液と称し、コーティング付きの場合もなしの場合も含フッ素高分子多孔質基材と称する。
[Manufacturing method of composite electrolyte membrane]
In the present invention, in the method for producing a composite electrolyte membrane, a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution in which the fluorine-based surfactant is mixed in advance is impregnated or carbonized in a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material or a coated porous base material. It is produced by impregnating a coated porous base material with a hydrogen-based polymer electrolyte solution and then drying to remove the solvent contained in the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution. Hereinafter, in this section, it is referred to as a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution with or without a fluorine-based surfactant, and is referred to as a fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate with or without a coating.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液におけるフッ素系界面活性剤の含有量は、炭化水素系高分子電解質の総量に対する質量比として、0.005以上が好ましく0.01以上がより好ましい。また、0.20以下が好ましく、0.10以下がより好ましい。当該比が0.005未満の場合、炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の親和性が不十分となり、複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質割合の低下、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の凝集が生じることがある。また、当該比が0.20を超える場合、界面活性剤が過剰となり電解質膜のプロトン伝導度が低下することがある。 The content of the fluorine-based surfactant in the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is preferably 0.005 or more, more preferably 0.01 or more, as a mass ratio to the total amount of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte. Further, 0.20 or less is preferable, and 0.10 or less is more preferable. When the ratio is less than 0.005, the affinity between the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate becomes insufficient, the proportion of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the composite layer decreases, and the fluorine-containing polymer contains fluorine. Aggregation of polymer porous substrate fibers may occur. If the ratio exceeds 0.20, the surfactant may be excessive and the proton conductivity of the electrolyte membrane may be lowered.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液の濃度は、3〜40質量%が好ましく、5〜25質量%がより好ましい。この範囲の濃度であれば、多孔質基材の空隙に炭化水素系高分子電解質を充分に充填でき、かつ表面平滑性に優れた複合層が得られやすくなる。炭化水素系高分子電解質の濃度が低すぎると、多孔質基材の空隙への炭化水素系高分子電解質の充填効率が低下し、複数回の含浸処理が必要となる場合がある。一方、炭化水素系高分子電解質の濃度が高すぎると、溶液粘度が高すぎて、多孔質基材の空隙に対し高分子電解質を充分に充填できない場合がある。 The concentration of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 25% by mass. If the concentration is in this range, the voids of the porous substrate can be sufficiently filled with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte, and a composite layer having excellent surface smoothness can be easily obtained. If the concentration of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is too low, the efficiency of filling the voids of the porous substrate with the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is lowered, and a plurality of impregnation treatments may be required. On the other hand, if the concentration of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is too high, the solution viscosity may be too high and the polymer electrolyte may not be sufficiently filled in the voids of the porous substrate.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液の粘度は100〜50,000mPa・sが好ましく、300〜10,000mPa・sがより好ましい。粘度が100mPa・s未満の場合、複合電解質膜の膜厚が不均一となることがある。粘度が50,000mPa・sを超える場合、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の空隙に対し炭化水素系高分子電解質を十分に充填できなかったり複合電解質膜の表面平滑性が悪化したりすることがある。 The viscosity of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is preferably 100 to 50,000 mPa · s, more preferably 300 to 10,000 mPa · s. If the viscosity is less than 100 mPa · s, the film thickness of the composite electrolyte membrane may become non-uniform. When the viscosity exceeds 50,000 mPa · s, the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte may not be sufficiently filled in the voids of the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate, or the surface smoothness of the composite electrolyte membrane may deteriorate. is there.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液に使用する溶媒は、ポリマー種によって適宜選択することができる。溶媒としては、例えば、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン、ヘキサメチルホスホントリアミド等の非プロトン性極性溶媒が好適に用いられる。これらに混合する溶媒としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネートなどのカーボネート系溶媒、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル等のアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、メタノール、エタノール、1‐プロパノール、イソプロピルアルコールなどのアルコール系溶媒、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒、γ−ブチロラクトン、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸エチル等のエステル系溶媒、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサンなどの炭化水素系溶媒、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶媒、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、1,2−ジクロロエタン、パークロロエチレン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素系溶媒、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサンなどのエーテル系溶媒、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル系溶媒、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタン等のニトロ化炭化水素系溶媒、水などが用いられる。溶媒としては、単独溶媒でも良く、二種以上を混合した混合溶媒を用いてもよい。 The solvent used for the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution can be appropriately selected depending on the polymer type. Examples of the solvent include N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, hexamethylphosphotriamide and the like. The aprotic polar solvent of is preferably used. Examples of the solvent to be mixed with these include carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monoethyl ether, and methanol. Alcohol-based solvents such as ethanol, 1-propanol and isopropyl alcohol, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, ester solvents such as γ-butyrolactone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ethyl lactate, hexane, cyclohexane and the like. Hydrocarbon-based solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, halogenated hydrocarbon-based solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, perchloroethylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran , Ether solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile, nitrated hydrocarbon solvent such as nitromethane and nitroethane, water and the like are used. As the solvent, a single solvent may be used, or a mixed solvent in which two or more kinds are mixed may be used.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸する方法としては、
(1)炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液に浸漬した含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を引き上げながら余剰の溶液を除去して膜厚を制御する方法
(2)含フッ素高分子多孔質基材上に炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を流延塗布する方法
(3)炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を流延塗布した支持基材上に含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を貼り合わせて含浸させる方法
が挙げられる。
As a method of impregnating a fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate with a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution,
(1) A method of controlling the film thickness by removing the excess solution while pulling up the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material immersed in the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution (2) On the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material Method of casting and coating a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution (3) A method of impregnating a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material on a supporting base material to which a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is cast-coated. Be done.

溶媒の乾燥は、(3)の方法で含浸を行った場合はそのままの状態で行うことができる。また、(1)または(2)の方法で含浸を行った場合、別途用意した支持基材に多孔質基材を貼り付けた状態で高分子電解質溶液の溶媒を乾燥する方法が、電解質膜の皺や厚みムラなどが低減でき、膜品位を向上させる点からは好ましい。 When the solvent is impregnated by the method (3), it can be dried as it is. When impregnation is performed by the method (1) or (2), the method of drying the solvent of the polymer electrolyte solution with the porous base material attached to the separately prepared support base material is a method of drying the electrolyte membrane. It is preferable from the viewpoint that wrinkles and uneven thickness can be reduced and the film quality is improved.

炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を流延塗布する方法としては、ナイフコート、ダイレクトロールコート、マイヤーバーコート、グラビアコート、リバースコート、エアナイフコート、スプレーコート、刷毛塗り、ディップコート、ダイコート、バキュームダイコート、カーテンコート、フローコート、スピンコート、スクリーン印刷、インクジェットコートなどの手法が適用できる。ここで炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を流延塗布するために使用する装置をコーターと呼ぶ。 As a method of casting and applying a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution, knife coat, direct roll coat, Meyer bar coat, gravure coat, reverse coat, air knife coat, spray coat, brush coat, dip coat, die coat, vacuum die coat, etc. Techniques such as curtain coating, flow coating, spin coating, screen printing, and inkjet coating can be applied. Here, the device used for casting and coating the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is called a coater.

基材上に炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を塗布した後は、乾燥工程を経ることで、複合電解質膜を形成することができる。乾燥工程では、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含侵した炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液の塗膜を加熱し、溶媒を蒸発させる。加熱手段は、溶媒が蒸発できれば特に限定されることはないが、例えば、オーブンやヒーター等の加熱装置、赤外線、温風等を用いて複合電解質膜の近傍の温度を制御する装置等を用いることができる。また、基材を介して塗膜に熱を伝導してもよい。加熱の温度範囲は、溶媒の沸点に近く、電解質膜のガラス転移温度以下であることが好ましい。また、加熱せず、減圧や気流の導入のみで溶媒を除去することも可能である。
乾燥手順としては、
(1)基材上に炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を塗布、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を貼り合わせて乾燥、乾燥後の膜上面に炭化水素系電解質溶液を塗布して乾燥することで複合電解質膜を得る方法。
(2)基材上に炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を塗布、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材を貼り合わせて、未乾燥の膜上面に炭化水素系電解質溶液を豆腐して乾燥することで複合電解質膜を得る方法。
が挙げられる。特にロールツーロール(Roll to Roll)プロセスにおいては、補強層中へのポリマー充填量を増やせる、プロセスを1つ減らせるという点で(2)の方法が好ましい。
After applying the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution on the base material, a composite electrolyte membrane can be formed by undergoing a drying step. In the drying step, the coating film of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution impregnated on the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate is heated to evaporate the solvent. The heating means is not particularly limited as long as the solvent can be evaporated, but for example, a heating device such as an oven or a heater, a device for controlling the temperature in the vicinity of the composite electrolyte membrane using infrared rays, warm air, or the like is used. Can be done. Further, heat may be conducted to the coating film through the base material. The heating temperature range is preferably close to the boiling point of the solvent and equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the electrolyte membrane. It is also possible to remove the solvent only by reducing the pressure or introducing an air flow without heating.
As a drying procedure,
(1) By applying a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution on the base material, adhering the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material and drying, and applying the hydrocarbon-based electrolyte solution on the upper surface of the film after drying and drying. A method for obtaining a composite electrolyte membrane.
(2) A hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution is applied on the base material, a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material is attached, and the hydrocarbon-based electrolyte solution is tofu-dried on the upper surface of the undried membrane to form a composite. How to obtain an electrolyte membrane.
Can be mentioned. In particular, in the roll-to-roll process, the method (2) is preferable in that the amount of polymer filled in the reinforcing layer can be increased and the number of processes can be reduced by one.

乾燥工程における乾燥時間や乾燥温度は適宜実験的に決めることができるが、少なくとも基材から剥離しても自立膜になる程度に乾燥することが好ましい。乾燥の方法は基材の加熱、熱風、赤外線ヒーター等の公知の方法が選択できる。乾燥温度は、高分子電解質や界面活性剤の分解を考慮して200℃以下が好ましく、150℃以下がより好ましい。 The drying time and drying temperature in the drying step can be appropriately determined experimentally, but it is preferable to dry at least to the extent that the film becomes a self-supporting film even if it is peeled off from the substrate. As the drying method, known methods such as heating of the base material, hot air, and an infrared heater can be selected. The drying temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower in consideration of decomposition of the polymer electrolyte and the surfactant.

溶液中の炭化水素系高分子電解質は、イオン性基がアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の陽イオンと塩を形成している状態のものを用いてもよい。この場合、基材上に膜を形成し乾燥工程を経た後に、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の陽イオンをプロトンと交換する工程を有することも好ましい。この工程は、形成された膜を酸性水溶液と接触させる工程であることがより好ましい。また、当該接触は、形成された膜を酸性水溶液に浸漬する工程であることが更に好ましい。この工程においては、酸性水溶液中のプロトンがイオン性基とイオン結合している陽イオンと置換されるとともに、残留している水溶性の不純物や、残存モノマー、溶媒、残存塩などが同時に除去される。酸性水溶液は特に限定されないが、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、酢酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸、リン酸、クエン酸などを用いることが好ましい。酸性水溶液の温度や濃度等も適宜決定すべきであるが、生産性の観点から0℃以上80℃以下の温度で、3質量%以上、30質量%以下の硫酸水溶液を使用することが好ましい。 As the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the solution, one in which the ionic group forms a salt with a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal may be used. In this case, it is also preferable to have a step of exchanging cations of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal with protons after forming a film on the base material and undergoing a drying step. This step is more preferably a step of bringing the formed film into contact with an acidic aqueous solution. Further, the contact is more preferably a step of immersing the formed film in an acidic aqueous solution. In this step, the protons in the acidic aqueous solution are replaced with cations that are ionically bonded to the ionic group, and residual water-soluble impurities, residual monomers, solvents, residual salts, etc. are simultaneously removed. To. The acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid and the like. The temperature and concentration of the acidic aqueous solution should be appropriately determined, but from the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferable to use a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.

〔触媒層付き電解質膜の製造方法〕
触媒層付電解質膜(Catalyst Coated Membrane:CCM)は、このようにして得られた電解質膜の両面に触媒層を形成することで製造される。触媒層を形成する方法は特に限定されるものではないが、工程が簡便であることやプロセスコストを抑制できることから、触媒層インクを塗布して乾燥する方法や、予めデカール基材上に触媒層が形成されてなる触媒層デカールを用いて触媒層を転写した後に乾燥する方法が好ましい。
[Manufacturing method of electrolyte membrane with catalyst layer]
An electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer (Catalyst Coated Membrane: CCM) is produced by forming catalyst layers on both sides of the electrolyte membrane thus obtained. The method for forming the catalyst layer is not particularly limited, but since the process is simple and the process cost can be suppressed, a method of applying the catalyst layer ink and drying it, or a method of applying the catalyst layer on the decal base material in advance and the catalyst layer can be suppressed. A method in which the catalyst layer is transferred using the catalyst layer decal formed by the above and then dried is preferable.

触媒層インクを塗布する方法の場合、塗布方法は、目的の形状に塗工できる方法であれば特に限定されることはなく、前述の混合溶液の塗布工程で述べた方法を用いることができる。 In the case of the method of applying the catalyst layer ink, the coating method is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied to a desired shape, and the method described in the above-mentioned mixed solution application step can be used.

触媒層インクに含まれる溶媒は、イオン性基含有高分子電解質および触媒担持炭素粒子を分散する溶媒であれば特に限定されることはないが、加熱により蒸発させて除去しやすい溶媒が好ましい。例えば、沸点が140℃以下の溶媒であることが好ましい。触媒層インクの溶媒としては、具体的には、水、メタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノ―ル、2−プロパノ―ル、1−ブタノ−ル、2−ブタノ−ル、イソブチルアルコール、tert−ブチルアルコール、ペンタノ−ルなどのアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ペンタノン、ヘキサノン、へプタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、アセトニルアセトン、ジイソブチルケトンなどのケトン類、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、アニソール、メトキシトルエン、ジブチルエーテルなどのエーテル類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ノルマルプロピル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチルなどのエステル類、その他ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジアセトンアルコール、1−メトキシ−2−プロパノールなどを一種または二種以上混合したものを用いることができる。 The solvent contained in the catalyst layer ink is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that disperses the ionic group-containing polymer electrolyte and the catalyst-supporting carbon particles, but a solvent that can be easily removed by evaporating by heating is preferable. For example, a solvent having a boiling point of 140 ° C. or lower is preferable. Specific examples of the solvent for the catalyst layer ink include water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol. , Alcohols such as pentanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pentanone, hexanone, heptanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, acetonyl acetone, diisobutyl ketone and other ketones, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, anisole, methoxytoluene, dibutyl ether Ethers such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, normal propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate and other esters, other dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol , Diacetone alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and the like can be used as one or a mixture of two or more.

触媒層デカールを用いて転写する方法の場合、まず、基材上に触媒層インクを塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥工程を経ることで触媒層デカールを作製する。そして、電解質膜をカソード電極側の触媒層デカールと、アノード電極側の触媒層デカールで挟み、両デカールの触媒層が設けられた面と固体高分子電解質膜電解質膜とが接するようにしてホットプレスすることで、触媒層付き電解質膜を得ることができる。ホットプレスの温度や圧力は、電解質膜の厚さ、水分率、触媒層やデカール基材により適宜選択すればよいが、工業的生産性やイオン性基を有する高分子材料の熱分解抑制などの観点から0℃〜250℃の範囲で行うことが好ましく、触媒層に含有される高分子電解質のガラス転移温度より大きく、なおかつ200℃以下で行うことがより好ましい。ホットプレスにおける加圧は、高分子電解質膜電解質膜や電極保護の観点からできる限り弱い方が好ましく、平板プレスの場合、10MPa以下の圧力が好ましい。 In the case of the method of transferring using the catalyst layer decal, first, the catalyst layer ink is applied on the base material, and if necessary, a drying step is performed to prepare the catalyst layer decal. Then, the electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between the catalyst layer decal on the cathode electrode side and the catalyst layer decal on the anode electrode side, and hot-pressed so that the surface on which the catalyst layers of both decals are provided is in contact with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyte membrane. By doing so, an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer can be obtained. The temperature and pressure of the hot press may be appropriately selected depending on the thickness of the electrolyte membrane, the water content, the catalyst layer and the decal base material, but for industrial productivity and suppression of thermal decomposition of polymer materials having ionic groups, etc. From the viewpoint, it is preferably carried out in the range of 0 ° C. to 250 ° C., and more preferably carried out at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer electrolyte contained in the catalyst layer and at 200 ° C. or lower. The pressurization in the hot press is preferably as weak as possible from the viewpoint of protecting the polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrodes, and in the case of a flat plate press, the pressure is preferably 10 MPa or less.

触媒層インク塗布時に使用するデカール基材としては、高分子電解質膜電解質膜製膜時に使用する基材と同様の樹脂フィルムや基板が使用できるほか、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、エチレンーテトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン−パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)共重合体、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等のフッ素樹脂を用いることができる。耐熱性、耐溶剤性に加えて、化学的安定性や離型性の点から、フッ素樹脂フィルムを用いることが好ましい。 As the decal base material used when applying the catalyst layer ink, the same resin film or substrate as the base material used when forming the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyte membrane can be used, and polytetrafluoroethylene and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer weight can be used. Fluorine resins such as coalescing, ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride can be used. It is preferable to use a fluororesin film from the viewpoint of chemical stability and releasability in addition to heat resistance and solvent resistance.

触媒層の乾燥は、前述の混合溶液の乾燥で述べた方法と同様の方法を用いることができる。 For the drying of the catalyst layer, the same method as that described in the above-mentioned drying of the mixed solution can be used.

〔用途〕
本発明の複合電解質膜は、種々の用途に適用可能である。例えば、人工皮膚などの医療用途、ろ過用途、耐塩素性逆浸透膜などのイオン交換樹脂用途、各種構造材用途、電気化学用途、加湿膜、防曇膜、帯電防止膜、脱酸素膜、太陽電池用膜、ガスバリアー膜に適用可能である。中でも種々の電気化学用途により好ましく利用できる。電気化学用途としては、例えば、固体高分子形燃料電池、レドックスフロー電池、水電解装置、クロロアルカリ電解装置、電気化学式水素ポンプ、水電解式水素発生装置が挙げられる。
[Use]
The composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention can be applied to various uses. For example, medical applications such as artificial skin, filtration applications, ion exchange resin applications such as chlorine-resistant reverse osmosis membranes, various structural material applications, electrochemical applications, humidifying membranes, antifogging membranes, antistatic membranes, deoxidizing membranes, and the sun. It can be applied to battery membranes and gas barrier membranes. Above all, it can be preferably used for various electrochemical applications. Examples of the electrochemical application include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a redox flow battery, a water electrolyzer, a chloro-alkali electrolyzer, an electrochemical hydrogen pump, and a water electrolyzer hydrogen generator.

固体高分子形燃料電池、電気化学式水素ポンプ、および水電解式水素発生装置において、高分子電解質膜電解質膜は、両面に触媒層、電極基材及びセパレータが順次積層された構状態で使用される。このうち、電解質膜の両面に触媒層を積層させたもの(即ち触媒層/電解質膜/触媒層の層構成のもの)は触媒層付電解質膜(CCM)と称され、さらに電解質膜の両面に触媒層及びガス拡散基材を順次積層させたもの(即ち、ガス拡散基材/触媒層/電解質膜/触媒層/ガス拡散基材の層構成のもの)は、膜電極複合体(MEA)と称されている。本発明の複合電解質膜は、こうしたCCMおよびMEAを構成する電解質膜として好適に用いられる。 In polymer electrolyte fuel cells, electrochemical hydrogen pumps, and water electrolysis hydrogen generators, the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyte membrane is used in a structure in which a catalyst layer, an electrode base material, and a separator are sequentially laminated on both sides. .. Of these, the one in which the catalyst layer is laminated on both sides of the electrolyte membrane (that is, the one having the layer structure of the catalyst layer / electrolyte membrane / catalyst layer) is called an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer (CCM), and further on both sides of the electrolyte membrane. The one in which the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion base material are sequentially laminated (that is, the layer structure of the gas diffusion base material / catalyst layer / electrolyte membrane / catalyst layer / gas diffusion base material) is the membrane electrode composite (MEA). It is called. The composite electrolyte membrane of the present invention is suitably used as an electrolyte membrane constituting such CCM and MEA.

以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、各種測定条件は次の通りである。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The various measurement conditions are as follows.

(1)ポリマーの分子量
ポリマー溶液の数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量をGPCにより測定した。紫外検出器と示差屈折計の一体型装置として東ソー(株)製HLC−8022GPCを、またGPCカラムとして東ソー(株)製TSK gel SuperHM−H(内径6.0mm、長さ15cm)2本を用い、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒(臭化リチウムを10mmol/L含有するN−メチル−2−ピロリドン溶媒)にて、流量0.2mL/minで測定し、標準ポリスチレン換算により数平均分子量及び重量平均分子量を求めた。
(1) Molecular Weight of Polymer The number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of the polymer solution were measured by GPC. HLC-8022GPC manufactured by Toso Co., Ltd. is used as an integrated device of an ultraviolet detector and a differential refractometer, and two TSK gel SuperHM-H (inner diameter 6.0 mm, length 15 cm) manufactured by Toso Co., Ltd. are used as GPC columns. , N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent containing 10 mmol / L of lithium bromide), measured at a flow rate of 0.2 mL / min, number average molecular weight and weight in terms of standard polystyrene. The average molecular weight was calculated.

(2)イオン交換容量(IEC)
中和滴定法により測定した。測定は3回実施し、その平均値を取った。
(2) Ion exchange capacity (IEC)
It was measured by the neutralization titration method. The measurement was carried out three times, and the average value was taken.

1.プロトン置換し、純水で十分に洗浄した電解質膜の膜表面の水分を拭き取った後、100℃にて12時間以上真空乾燥し、乾燥重量を求めた。 1. 1. Moisture on the surface of the electrolyte membrane, which had been subjected to proton substitution and sufficiently washed with pure water, was wiped off, and then vacuum dried at 100 ° C. for 12 hours or more to determine the dry weight.

2.電解質膜に5wt%硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を50mL加え、12時間静置してイオン交換した。 2. 50 mL of a 5 wt% sodium sulfate aqueous solution was added to the electrolyte membrane, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 12 hours for ion exchange.

3.0.01mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて、生じた硫酸を滴定した。指示薬として市販の滴定用フェノールフタレイン溶液0.1w/v% を加え、薄い赤紫色になった点を終点とした。 The resulting sulfuric acid was titrated using an aqueous 3.0.01 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution. A commercially available phenolphthalein solution for titration of 0.1 w / v% was added as an indicator, and the point at which the color became pale reddish purple was defined as the end point.

4.IECは下記式により求めた。 4. IEC was calculated by the following formula.

IEC(meq/g)=〔水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の濃度(mmol/ml)×滴下量(ml)〕/試料の乾燥重量(g)。 IEC (meq / g) = [concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (mmol / ml) x amount dropped (ml)] / dry weight of sample (g).

(3)複合層における炭化水素系高分子電解質の充填率(複合層の充填率)
光学顕微鏡または走査形電子顕微鏡(SEM)で複合電解質膜の断面を観察し高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材からなる複合層の厚みをT1、複合層の外側に別の層がある場合はそれらの厚みをT2、T3とした。複合層を形成する高分子電解質の比重をD1、複合層の外側の別の層を形成する高分子電解質の比重をそれぞれのD2、D3、複合電解質膜の比重をDとした。それぞれの層を形成するポリマーのIECをI1、I2、I3、複合電解質膜のIECをIとすると、複合層中の芳香族炭化水素系高分子電解質の充填率Y2(体積%)は下式で求めた。
(3) Filling rate of hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the composite layer (filling rate of the composite layer)
Observe the cross section of the composite electrolyte membrane with an optical microscope or scanning electron microscope (SEM), and set the thickness of the composite layer consisting of the polymer electrolyte and the fluoropolymer porous substrate to T1, and there is another layer outside the composite layer. In the case, their thicknesses were T2 and T3. The specific gravity of the polymer electrolyte forming the composite layer was D1, the specific gravity of the polymer electrolyte forming another layer outside the composite layer was D2 and D3, respectively, and the specific gravity of the composite electrolyte membrane was D. Assuming that the IEC of the polymer forming each layer is I1, I2, I3 and the IEC of the composite electrolyte membrane is I, the filling ratio Y2 (volume%) of the aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte in the composite layer is as follows. I asked.

Y2=[(T1+T2+T3)×D×I−(T2×D2×I2+T3×D3×I3)]/(T1×D1×I1)×100。 Y2 = [(T1 + T2 + T3) x D x I- (T2 x D2 x I2 + T3 x D3 x I3)] / (T1 x D1 x I1) x 100.

(4)熱水試験による寸法変化率(λxy)測定
複合電解質膜を約5cm×約5cmの正方形に切り取り、温度23℃±5℃、湿度50%±5%の調温調湿雰囲気下に24時間静置後、ノギスでMD方向の長さとTD方向の長さ(MD1とTD1)を測定した。該複合電解質膜を80℃の熱水中に8時間浸漬後、再度ノギスでMD方向の長さとTD方向の長さ(MD2とTD2)を測定し、面方向におけるMD方向とTD方向の寸法変化率(λMDとλTD)および面方向の寸法変化率(λxy)(%)を下式より算出した。
(4) Measurement of dimensional change rate (λxy) by hot water test A composite electrolyte membrane is cut into a square of about 5 cm x about 5 cm, and the temperature is 23 ° C ± 5 ° C and the humidity is 50% ± 5%. After standing for a while, the length in the MD direction and the length in the TD direction (MD1 and TD1) were measured with a caliper. After immersing the composite electrolyte film in hot water at 80 ° C. for 8 hours, the length in the MD direction and the length in the TD direction (MD2 and TD2) are measured again with a caliper, and the dimensional change in the MD direction and the TD direction in the plane direction. The rate (λMD and λTD) and the dimensional change rate (λxy) (%) in the plane direction were calculated from the following equations.

λMD=(MD2−MD1)/MD1×100
λTD=(TD2−TD1)/TD1×100
λxy=(λMD+λTD)/2。
λMD = (MD2-MD1) / MD1 × 100
λTD = (TD2-TD1) / TD1 × 100
λxy = (λMD + λTD) / 2.

(5)プロトン伝導度
電解質膜を25℃の純水に24時間浸漬した後、80℃、相対湿度25%RHの恒温恒湿槽中に30分保持し、定電位交流インピーダンス法でプロトン伝導度を測定した。測定装置としては、Solartron社製電気化学測定システム(Solartron 1287 Electrochemical InterfaceおよびSolartron 1255B Frequency Response Analyzer)を使用し、2端子法で定電位インピーダンス測定を行い、プロトン伝導度を求めた。交流振幅は、50mVとした。サンプルは幅10mm、長さ50mmの膜を用いた。測定治具はフェノール樹脂で作製し、測定部分は開放させた。電極として、白金板(厚さ100μm、2枚)を使用した。電極は電極間距離10mm、サンプル膜の表側と裏側に、互いに平行にかつサンプル膜の長手方向に対して直交するように配置した。
(5) Conductivity After immersing the electrolyte membrane in pure water at 25 ° C for 24 hours, hold it in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 80 ° C and 25% relative humidity for 30 minutes, and use the constant potential AC impedance method to conduct the proton conductivity. Was measured. As a measuring device, an electrochemical measurement system manufactured by Solartron (Solartron 1287 Electrical Interface and Solartron 1255B Frequency Response Analoger) was used, and constant potential impedance was measured by a two-terminal method to obtain proton conductivity. The AC amplitude was 50 mV. The sample used was a film having a width of 10 mm and a length of 50 mm. The measuring jig was made of phenol resin, and the measuring part was opened. A platinum plate (thickness 100 μm, 2 plates) was used as the electrode. The electrodes were arranged at a distance of 10 mm between the electrodes on the front side and the back side of the sample film so as to be parallel to each other and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the sample film.

(6)複合電解質膜を使用した膜電極複合体(MEA)の作製
市販の電極、BASF社製燃料電池用ガス拡散電極“ELAT(登録商標)LT120ENSI”5g/m2Ptを5cm角にカットしたものを1対準備し、燃料極、空気極として複合電解質膜を挟むように対向して重ね合わせ、150℃、5MPaで3分間加熱プレスを行い、乾湿サイクル耐久性評価用MEAを得た。
(6) Preparation of Membrane Electrode Composite (MEA) Using Composite Electrolyte Membrane A commercially available electrode, a gas diffusion electrode for fuel cells manufactured by BASF, "ELAT (registered trademark) LT120ENSI", 5 g / m2 Pt cut into 5 cm squares. A pair was prepared, and the fuel electrode and the air electrode were overlapped with each other so as to sandwich the composite electrolyte membrane, and heat-pressed at 150 ° C. and 5 MPa for 3 minutes to obtain MEA for evaluation of dry / wet cycle durability.

(7)乾湿サイクル耐久性
上記(6)で作製したMEAを英和(株)製JARI標準セル“Ex−1”(電極面積25cm2)にセットし、セル温度80℃の状態で、両極に160%RHの窒素を2分間供給し、その後両電極に0%RHの窒素(露点−20℃以下)を2分間供給するサイクルを繰り返した。1000サイクルごとに水素透過量の測定を実施し、水素透過電流が初期電流の10倍を越えた時点を乾湿サイクル耐久性とした。
(7) Durability of dry / wet cycle The MEA produced in (6) above is set in the JARI standard cell "Ex-1" (electrode area 25 cm2) manufactured by Eiwa Corporation, and 160% at both electrodes at a cell temperature of 80 ° C. The cycle of supplying RH nitrogen for 2 minutes and then supplying 0% RH nitrogen (dew point −20 ° C. or lower) to both electrodes for 2 minutes was repeated. The hydrogen permeation amount was measured every 1000 cycles, and the time when the hydrogen permeation current exceeded 10 times the initial current was defined as the dry / wet cycle durability.

水素透過量の測定は、一方の電極に燃料ガスとして水素、もう一方の電極に窒素を供給し、加湿条件:水素ガス90%RH、窒素ガス:90%RHで試験を行った。開回路電圧が0.2V以下になるまで保持し、0.2〜0.7Vまで1mV/secで電圧を掃引し0.7Vにおける電流値を水素透過電流とした。 The hydrogen permeation amount was measured by supplying hydrogen as a fuel gas to one electrode and nitrogen to the other electrode, and performing the test under humidification conditions: hydrogen gas 90% RH and nitrogen gas: 90% RH. The open circuit voltage was held until 0.2 V or less, the voltage was swept from 0.2 to 0.7 V at 1 mV / sec, and the current value at 0.7 V was taken as the hydrogen transmission current.

(8)含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含まれるフッ素原子含有量測定
以下の条件に従い、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材試料を秤量し分析装置の燃焼管内で燃焼させ、発生したガスを溶液に吸収後、吸収液の一部をイオンクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。
<燃焼・吸収条件>
システム:AQF−2100H、GA−210(三菱化学製)
電気炉温度:Inlet 900℃、Outlet 1000℃
ガス:Ar/O2 200mL/min、O2 400mL/min
吸収液:H2O2 0.1%、内標Br 8μg/mL
吸収液量:20mL
<イオンクロマトグラフィー・アニオン分析条件>
システム:ICS1600(DIONEX製)
移動相:2.7mmol/L Na2CO3/0.3mmol/L NaHCO3
流速:1.50mL/min
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
注入量:20μL。
(8) Measurement of Fluorine Atom Content in Fluorine-Containing Polymer Porous Base Material According to the following conditions, a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material sample is weighed and burned in the combustion tube of the analyzer, and the generated gas is used as a solution. After absorption, a part of the absorption solution was analyzed by ion chromatography.
<Combustion / absorption conditions>
System: AQF-2100H, GA-210 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
Electric furnace temperature: Inlet 900 ° C, Outlet 1000 ° C
Gas: Ar / O2 200mL / min, O2 400mL / min
Absorbent solution: H2O2 0.1%, internal standard Br 8 μg / mL
Absorption amount: 20 mL
<Ion chromatography / anion analysis conditions>
System: ICS1600 (manufactured by DIONEX)
Mobile phase: 2.7 mmol / L Na2CO3 / 0.3 mmol / L NaHCO3
Flow velocity: 1.50 mL / min
Detector: Electrical conductivity detector Injection amount: 20 μL.

(9)界面活性剤の化学構造分析
赤外線分光(IR)分析、1H核磁気共鳴(NMR)分析、19F NMR分析、MALDI−MS分析、熱分解GC/MS分析を行い、各種界面活性剤の化学構造を分析し、フッ素原子及び親水性元素の含有量(酸素、窒素、リン、硫黄およびホウ素の合計)を算出した。
(9) Chemical structure analysis of surfactants Infrared spectroscopy (IR) analysis, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, 19F NMR analysis, MALDI-MS analysis, thermal decomposition GC / MS analysis are performed, and chemistry of various surfactants is performed. The structure was analyzed and the contents of fluorine atoms and hydrophilic elements (total of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and boron) were calculated.

(10)界面活性剤の重量平均分子量測定
下記条件に従い、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)分析により界面活性剤の重量平均分子量を測定した。
装置:ゲル浸透クロマトグラフGPC(機器No.GPC−27)
検出器:紫外可視吸収分光検出器UV(島津製作所製SPD−20AV)
カラム:TSKgel Super HZM−N 2本
SuperHZ4000、2500、1000各1本
溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:0.45mL/min
カラム温度:40℃
注入量:0.02mL
標準試料:東ソー製およびAgilent単分散ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)
データ処理:TRC製GPCデータ処理システム。
(10) Measurement of Weight Average Molecular Weight of Surfactant According to the following conditions, the weight average molecular weight of the surfactant was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis.
Equipment: Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC (Equipment No. GPC-27)
Detector: Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopic detector UV (SPD-20AV manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
Column: TSKgel Super HZM-N 2 bottles Super HZ4000, 2500, 1000 1 bottle each Solvent: tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Flow velocity: 0.45 mL / min
Column temperature: 40 ° C
Injection volume: 0.02 mL
Standard sample: Tosoh and Agilent monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG)
Data processing: TRC GPC data processing system.

(11)複合電解質膜の断面SEM測定
下記条件に従い、断面SEM測定を行った。得られた画像から中央の白色領域を複合層、両隣の黒色領域を外部の別層としその厚みを測定した。
装置:電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE−SEM)S−4800(日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)
加速電圧:2.0kV
前処理:BIB法にて作製した断面試料にPt コートして測定した。
BIB法:アルゴンイオンビームを使用した断面試料作製装置。試料直上に遮蔽板を置き、その上からアルゴンのブロードイオンビームを照射してエッチングを行うことで観察面・分析面(断面)を作製する。
(11) Cross-sectional SEM measurement of the composite electrolyte membrane The cross-sectional SEM measurement was performed according to the following conditions. From the obtained image, the white region in the center was set as a composite layer, and the black regions on both sides were set as separate layers on the outside, and the thickness thereof was measured.
Equipment: Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) S-4800 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation)
Acceleration voltage: 2.0kV
Pretreatment: The cross-sectional sample prepared by the BIB method was Pt coated and measured.
BIB method: A cross-section sample preparation device using an argon ion beam. An observation surface / analysis surface (cross section) is prepared by placing a shielding plate directly above the sample and irradiating it with a broad ion beam of argon to perform etching.

(12)電解質膜に含まれる界面活性剤量
以下の条件に従い、電解質膜を秤量し分析装置の燃焼管内で燃焼させ、発生したガスを溶液に吸収後、吸収液の一部をイオンクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。本分析値から予め測定しておいた界面活性剤を含まない高分子電解質の寄与および(8)により予め測定しておいた含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の寄与を除外することにより、界面活性剤の寄与を算出し、界面活性剤に含まれるフッ素原子量から複合電解質膜に含まれる界面活性剤量を算出して、複合膜中に含まれる高分子電解質に対する界面活性剤の比(界面活性剤/高分子電解質)を求めた。
<燃焼・吸収条件>
システム:AQF−2100H、GA−210(三菱化学(株)製)
電気炉温度:Inlet 900℃、Outlet 1000℃
ガス:Ar/O2 200mL/min、O2 400mL/min
吸収液:H2O2 0.1%、内標Br 8μg/mL
吸収液量:20mL
<イオンクロマトグラフィー・アニオン分析条件>
システム:ICS1600(DIONEX製)
移動相:2.7mmol/L Na2CO3/0.3mmol/L NaHCO3
流速:1.50mL/min
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
注入量:20μL。
(12) Amount of Surfactant Contained in Electrolyte Membrane According to the following conditions, the electrolyte membrane is weighed and burned in the combustion tube of the analyzer, the generated gas is absorbed in the solution, and then a part of the absorbed liquid is subjected to ion chromatography. analyzed. By excluding the contribution of the surfactant-free polymer electrolyte measured in advance from this analysis value and the contribution of the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate measured in advance in (8), the surface activity The contribution of the agent is calculated, the amount of the surfactant contained in the composite electrolyte membrane is calculated from the amount of fluorine atoms contained in the surfactant, and the ratio of the surfactant to the polymer electrolyte contained in the composite membrane (surfactant). / Polymer electrolyte) was obtained.
<Combustion / absorption conditions>
System: AQF-2100H, GA-210 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
Electric furnace temperature: Inlet 900 ° C, Outlet 1000 ° C
Gas: Ar / O2 200mL / min, O2 400mL / min
Absorbent solution: H2O2 0.1%, internal standard Br 8 μg / mL
Absorption amount: 20 mL
<Ion chromatography / anion analysis conditions>
System: ICS1600 (manufactured by DIONEX)
Mobile phase: 2.7 mmol / L Na2CO3 / 0.3 mmol / L NaHCO3
Flow velocity: 1.50 mL / min
Detector: Electrical conductivity detector Injection amount: 20 μL.

(13)XPSによる多孔質基材の酸素含有量測定
予め5mm角の大きさに切断した多孔質基材を超純水でリンスし、室温、67Paにて10時間乾燥させた後、液体窒素で30分冷却し、凍結粉砕機にて5分間の処理を2回実施することにより、サンプルを準備した。準備したサンプルの組成を測定し、酸素原子含有量を算出した。測定装置、条件としては、以下の通りである。
測定装置:Quantera SXM
励起X線:monochromatic Al Kα1,2線(1486.6eV)
X線径:200μm
光電子脱出角度:45°。
(13) Measurement of Oxygen Content of Porous Substrate by XPS A porous substrate cut into a size of 5 mm square in advance is rinsed with ultrapure water, dried at room temperature at 67 Pa for 10 hours, and then dried in liquid nitrogen. Samples were prepared by cooling for 30 minutes and performing the treatment for 5 minutes twice in a freeze crusher. The composition of the prepared sample was measured and the oxygen atom content was calculated. The measuring device and conditions are as follows.
Measuring device: Quantera SXM
Excited X-rays: monochromatic Al Kα1, 2 lines (1486.6 eV)
X-ray diameter: 200 μm
Photoelectron escape angle: 45 °.

(14)剥離耐性試験
下記条件に従い、剥離耐性試験によって、複合層中の炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材繊維の剥離により生じる、空孔数Vを測定、評価した。
(14) Peeling resistance test According to the following conditions, the number of pores V generated by the peeling of the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate fiber in the composite layer was measured and evaluated by the peeling resistance test.

1.複合電解質膜を純水に10分浸漬する。
2.純水中から複合電解質膜を取り出し、100℃の熱風乾燥機で10分乾燥する。
3.手順1、2を10回繰り返す。
4.実施例第(11)項に記載の方法で複合層を観察した。観察視野はTD方向に両端部から3cmを取り除き、TD方向に等間隔に両端を含めた(端部から3cm)5視野を観察。(電解質膜がTD方向に14cmの場合、片端部から3、5、7、9、11cmの位置を観察する。)
5.得られた画像の複合層領域に空孔が観察された場合、各空孔において最もサイズの大きい方向の長さを計測し空孔サイズとした。観察は1視野につき膜面方向に5μm範囲とした。範囲内の空孔のサイズ測定を行い、100nm以上の空孔数を測定、空孔数Vは5視野を合計した値。 (15)乾燥状態における電解質膜の機械特性測定
検体となる電解質膜を装置にセットし、以下の条件にて引張試験を行った。引張強度および引張伸度の値は試験中に最大点応力を示した瞬間の値とする。弾性率は測定データにおいてひずみの差が0.3%となる任意の二点を用いて、算出される値が最大となるようにした値とする。降伏応力は応力が0.5%低下する瞬間の値とするか、明確に降伏点を示さない場合には0.2%耐力点の値とする。引張強度、引張伸度、引張弾性率、降伏応力は試験回数5回の平均値で算出した。
1. 1. The composite electrolyte membrane is immersed in pure water for 10 minutes.
2. The composite electrolyte membrane is taken out from pure water and dried in a hot air dryer at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes.
3. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 10 times.
4. The composite layer was observed by the method described in Example (11). As for the observation field of view, 3 cm was removed from both ends in the TD direction, and 5 fields of view including both ends at equal intervals in the TD direction (3 cm from the end) were observed. (When the electrolyte membrane is 14 cm in the TD direction, observe the positions 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 cm from one end.)
5. When vacancy was observed in the composite layer region of the obtained image, the length of each vacancy in the direction of the largest size was measured and used as the vacancy size. The observation was made in the range of 5 μm in the film surface direction per visual field. The size of the holes in the range was measured, the number of holes of 100 nm or more was measured, and the number of holes V was the total value of the five fields of view. (15) Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Electrolyte Membrane in Dry State A sample electrolyte membrane was set in the device, and a tensile test was conducted under the following conditions. The values of tensile strength and tensile elongation shall be the values at the moment when the maximum point stress is shown during the test. The elastic modulus is a value obtained so that the calculated value is maximized by using any two points in the measurement data in which the difference in strain is 0.3%. The yield stress is the value at the moment when the stress drops by 0.5%, or the value of the 0.2% proof stress point when the yield point is not clearly indicated. Tensile strength, tensile elongation, tensile elastic modulus, and yield stress were calculated by averaging 5 tests.

測定装置: オートグラフAG−IS(島津製作所製)
荷重レンジ:100N
引張り速度:100mm/min
試験片:幅10mm×長さ100mm
サンプル間距離:30mm
試験温湿度:23±1℃、50±10RH%
試験数:n=5。
Measuring device: Autograph AG-IS (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation)
Load range: 100N
Tensile speed: 100 mm / min
Specimen: Width 10 mm x Length 100 mm
Distance between samples: 30 mm
Test temperature and humidity: 23 ± 1 ° C, 50 ± 10 RH%
Number of tests: n = 5.

(16)含水状態における電解質膜の機械特性測定
検体となる電解質膜を予め試験片サイズに切り出した状態で、23℃の超純水に24時間浸漬した後、電解質膜を超純水から取り出す。取り出した後、10分以内に(16)と同じ条件・方法にて引張試験を行い、含水引張強度、含水引張伸度、含水引張弾性率を算出した。
(16) Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Electrolyte Membrane in Water-Containing State The electrolyte membrane as a sample is cut out in advance to the size of a test piece, immersed in ultrapure water at 23 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the electrolyte membrane is taken out from the ultrapure water. Within 10 minutes after taking out, a tensile test was conducted under the same conditions and methods as in (16), and the water-containing tensile strength, the water-containing tensile elongation, and the water-containing tensile elastic modulus were calculated.

(17)含水状態における乾湿サイクル後の電解質膜の機械特性測定
検体となる電解質膜に対して、実施例第(14)項での手順1〜3を行った後、実施例第(16)と同様の条件・方法にて引張試験を行い、乾湿サイクル後の含水引張強度、含水引張伸度、含水引張弾性率を算出した。
(17) Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Electrolyte Membrane after Wet-Dry Cycle in Water-Containing State After performing steps 1 to 3 in Section (14) of Example (14) for the sample electrolyte membrane, the same as Example (16). Tensile tests were conducted under the same conditions and methods, and the water-containing tensile strength, water-containing tensile elongation, and water-containing tensile modulus after the dry-wet cycle were calculated.

(18)TOF−SIMSによる電解質膜の表面分析
下記条件に従い、電解質膜表面の親和性向上剤の存在有無を分析した。
(18) Surface analysis of electrolyte membrane by TOF-SIMS The presence or absence of an affinity improver on the surface of the electrolyte membrane was analyzed according to the following conditions.

測定装置:TOF SIMS 5(ION−TOF社製)
1次イオン:Bi++
2次イオン:生および負
[合成例1]
(下記一般式(G1)で表される2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3−ジオキソラン(K−DHBP)の合成)
攪拌器、温度計及び留出管を備えた 500mlフラスコに、4,4’−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン49.5g、エチレングリコール134g、オルトギ酸トリメチル96.9g及びp−トルエンスルホン酸一水和物0.50gを仕込み溶解する。その後78〜82℃で2時間保温攪拌した。更に、内温を120℃まで徐々に昇温、ギ酸メチル、メタノール、オルトギ酸トリメチルの留出が完全に止まるまで加熱した。この反応液を室温まで冷却後、反応液を酢酸エチルで希釈し、有機層を5%炭酸カリウム水溶液100mlで洗浄し分液後、溶媒を留去した。残留物にジクロロメタン80mlを加え結晶を析出させ、濾過し、乾燥して2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3−ジオキソラン52.0gを得た。この結晶をGC分析したところ99.9%の2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3−ジオキソランと0.1%の4,4’−ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノンであった。
Measuring device: TOF SIMS 5 (manufactured by ION-TOF)
Primary ion: Bi ++
Secondary ions: raw and negative [Synthesis Example 1]
(Synthesis of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,3-dioxolane (K-DHBP) represented by the following general formula (G1))
49.5 g of 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone, 134 g of ethylene glycol, 96.9 g of trimethyl orthoformate and 0.50 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in a 500 ml flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and a distillate. Is charged and dissolved. Then, the mixture was kept warm and stirred at 78 to 82 ° C. for 2 hours. Further, the internal temperature was gradually raised to 120 ° C., and the mixture was heated until the distillation of methyl formate, methanol and trimethyl orthoformate was completely stopped. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer was washed with 100 ml of a 5% potassium carbonate aqueous solution, separated, and then the solvent was distilled off. 80 ml of dichloromethane was added to the residue to precipitate crystals, which were filtered and dried to obtain 52.0 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,3-dioxolane. GC analysis of this crystal revealed 99.9% 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,3-dioxolane and 0.1% 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[合成例2]
(下記一般式(G2)で表されるジソジウム−3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノンの合成)
4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン109.1g(アルドリッチ試薬)を発煙硫酸(50%SO3)150mL(和光純薬試薬)中、100℃で10時間反応させた。その後、多量の水中に少しずつ投入し、NaOHで中和した後、食塩(NaCl)200gを加え合成物を沈殿させた。得られた沈殿を濾別し、エタノール水溶液で再結晶し、上記一般式(G2)で示されるジソジウム−3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノンを得た。純度は99.3%であった。
[Synthesis Example 2]
(Synthesis of disodium-3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluorobenzophenone represented by the following general formula (G2))
109.1 g of 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone (Aldrich reagent) was reacted in 150 mL (Wako Pure Chemicals reagent) of fuming sulfuric acid (50% SO3) at 100 ° C. for 10 hours. Then, it was gradually added to a large amount of water, neutralized with NaOH, and then 200 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) was added to precipitate the synthetic product. The obtained precipitate was separated by filtration and recrystallized from an aqueous ethanol solution to obtain disodium-3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluorobenzophenone represented by the above general formula (G2). The purity was 99.3%.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[合成例3]
(下記一般式(G3)で表されるイオン性基を含有しないオリゴマーa1の合成)
かき混ぜ機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた1000mL三口フラスコに、炭酸カリウム16.59g(アルドリッチ試薬、120mmol)、前記合成例1で得たK−DHBP25.8g(100mmol)および4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン20.3g(アルドリッチ試薬、93mmol)を入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)300mL、トルエン100mL中で160℃で脱水後、昇温してトルエン除去、180℃で1時間重合を行った。多量のメタノールに再沈殿精製を行い、イオン性基を含有しないオリゴマー(末端:ヒドロキシル基)を得た。数平均分子量は10000であった。
[Synthesis Example 3]
(Synthesis of oligomer a1 containing no ionic group represented by the following general formula (G3))
16.59 g of potassium carbonate (Aldrich reagent, 120 mmol), 25.8 g (100 mmol) of K-DHBP obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and 4,4 in a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, and a Dean-Stark trap. Add 20.3 g of'-difluorobenzophenone (Aldrich reagent, 93 mmol), replace with nitrogen, dehydrate in 300 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 100 mL of toluene at 160 ° C, raise the temperature to remove toluene, and remove toluene at 180 ° C. Time polymerization was performed. Reprecipitation and purification were carried out on a large amount of methanol to obtain an oligomer (terminal: hydroxyl group) containing no ionic group. The number average molecular weight was 10,000.

かき混ぜ機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた500mL三口フラスコに、炭酸カリウム1.1g(アルドリッチ試薬、8mmol)、イオン性基を含有しない前記オリゴマーa1(末端:ヒドロキシル基)を20.0g(2mmol)を入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)100mL、トルエン30mL中で100℃で脱水後、昇温してトルエンを除去し、デカフルオロビフェニル4.0g(アルドリッチ試薬、12mmol)を入れ、105℃で1時間反応を行った。多量のイソプロピルアルコールで再沈殿することで精製を行い、下記式(G3)で示されるイオン性基を含有しないオリゴマーa1(末端:フルオロ基)を得た。数平均分子量は11000であった。 In a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, and a Dean-Stark trap, 1.1 g of potassium carbonate (Aldrich reagent, 8 mmol) and 20.0 g of the oligomer a1 (terminal: hydroxyl group) containing no ionic group. (2 mmol) was added, and after nitrogen substitution, dehydration was performed in 100 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 30 mL of toluene at 100 ° C., and the temperature was raised to remove toluene. 4.0 g of decafluorobiphenyl (Aldrich reagent, 12 mmol) was added. Was put in, and the reaction was carried out at 105 ° C. for 1 hour. Purification was carried out by reprecipitation with a large amount of isopropyl alcohol to obtain an oligomer a1 (terminal: fluoro group) containing no ionic group represented by the following formula (G3). The number average molecular weight was 11000.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[合成例4]
(下記一般式(G4)で表されるイオン性基を含有するオリゴマーa2の合成)
かき混ぜ機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた1000mL三口フラスコに、炭酸カリウム27.6g(アルドリッチ試薬、200mmol)、前記合成例1で得たK−DHBP12.9g(50mmol)および4,4’−ビフェノール9.3g(アルドリッチ試薬、50mmol)、前記合成例2で得たジソジウム−3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン39.3g(93mmol)、および18−クラウン−6、 17.9g(和光純薬82mmol)を入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)300mL、トルエン100mL中で170℃で脱水後、昇温してトルエン除去、180℃で1時間重合を行った。多量のイソプロピルアルコールで再沈殿することで精製を行い、下記式(G4)で示されるイオン性基を含有するオリゴマーa2(末端:ヒドロキシル基)を得た。数平均分子量は16000であった。
[Synthesis Example 4]
(Synthesis of oligomer a2 containing an ionic group represented by the following general formula (G4))
27.6 g (Aldrich reagent, 200 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 12.9 g (50 mmol) of K-DHBP obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 4,4 in a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, and a Dean-Stark trap. 9.3 g (Aldrich reagent, 50 mmol) of'-biphenol, 39.3 g (93 mmol) of disodium-3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluorobenzophenone obtained in Synthesis Example 2, and 18-crown-6. , 17.9 g (82 mmol of Wako Pure Drug) is added, and after nitrogen substitution, dehydration is performed in 300 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 100 mL of toluene at 170 ° C., then the temperature is raised to remove toluene, and polymerization is carried out at 180 ° C. for 1 hour. went. Purification was carried out by reprecipitation with a large amount of isopropyl alcohol to obtain an oligomer a2 (terminal: hydroxyl group) containing an ionic group represented by the following formula (G4). The number average molecular weight was 16000.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

(式(G4)において、Mは、H、NaまたはKを表す。)
[合成例5]
(下記式(G5)で表される3−(2,5−ジクロロベンゾイル)ベンゼンスルホン酸ネオペンチルの合成)
攪拌機、冷却管を備えた3Lの三口フラスコに、クロロスルホン酸245g(2.1mol)を加え、続いて2,5−ジクロロベンゾフェノン105g(420mmol)を加え、100℃のオイルバスで8時間反応させた。所定時間後、反応液を砕氷1000gにゆっくりと注ぎ、酢酸エチルで抽出した。有機層を食塩水で洗浄、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、酢酸エチルを留去し、淡黄色の粗結晶3−(2,5−ジクロロベンゾイル)ベンゼンスルホン酸クロリドを得た。粗結晶は精製せず、そのまま次工程に用いた。
(In formula (G4), M represents H, Na or K.)
[Synthesis Example 5]
(Synthesis of neopentyl 3- (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonate represented by the following formula (G5))
To a 3 L three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a cooling tube, 245 g (2.1 mol) of chlorosulfonic acid was added, then 105 g (420 mmol) of 2,5-dichlorobenzophenone was added, and the mixture was reacted in an oil bath at 100 ° C. for 8 hours. It was. After a predetermined time, the reaction solution was slowly poured into 1000 g of icebreaker and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over magnesium sulfate, and then ethyl acetate was distilled off to obtain pale yellow crude crystals 3- (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonic acid chloride. The crude crystals were not purified and were used as they were in the next step.

2,2−ジメチル−1−プロパノール(ネオペンチルアルコール)41.1g(462mmol)をピリジン300mLに加え、約10℃に冷却した。ここに上記で得られた粗結晶を約30分かけて徐々に加えた。全量添加後、さらに30分撹拌し反応させた。反応後、反応液を塩酸水1000mL中に注ぎ、析出した固体を回収した。得られた固体を酢酸エチルに溶解させ、炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、酢酸エチルを留去し、粗結晶を得た。これをメタノールで再結晶し、前記構造式で表される3−(2,5−ジクロロベンゾイル)ベンゼンスルホン酸ネオペンチルの白色結晶を得た。 41.1 g (462 mmol) of 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol (neopentyl alcohol) was added to 300 mL of pyridine and cooled to about 10 ° C. The crude crystals obtained above were gradually added thereto over about 30 minutes. After the total amount was added, the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes to react. After the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into 1000 mL of hydrochloric acid water, and the precipitated solid was recovered. The obtained solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and ethyl acetate was distilled off to obtain crude crystals. This was recrystallized from methanol to obtain white crystals of neopentyl 3- (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonate represented by the above structural formula.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[合成例6]
(下記一般式(G6)で表されるイオン性基を含有しないオリゴマーの合成)
撹拌機、温度計、冷却管、Dean−Stark管、窒素導入の三方コックを取り付けた1lの三つ口のフラスコに、2,6−ジクロロベンゾニトリル49.4g(0.29mol)、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン88.4g(0.26mol)、炭酸カリウム47.3g(0.34mol)をはかりとった。窒素置換後、スルホラン346ml、トルエン173mlを加えて攪拌した。フラスコをオイルバスにつけ、150℃に加熱還流させた。反応により生成する水をトルエンと共沸させ、Dean−Stark管で系外に除去しながら反応させると、約3時間で水の生成がほとんど認められなくなった。反応温度を徐々に上げながら大部分のトルエンを除去した後、200℃で3時間反応を続けた。次に、2,6−ジクロロベンゾニトリル12.3g(0.072mol)を加え、さらに5時間反応した。
[Synthesis Example 6]
(Synthesis of oligomers containing no ionic group represented by the following general formula (G6))
49.4 g (0.29 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,2 in a 1 liter three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser, Dean-Stark tube, and nitrogen-introduced three-way cock. −Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane 88.4 g (0.26 mol) and potassium carbonate 47.3 g (0.34 mol) were weighed. After nitrogen substitution, 346 ml of sulfolane and 173 ml of toluene were added and stirred. The flask was placed in an oil bath and heated to reflux at 150 ° C. When the water produced by the reaction was azeotroped with toluene and the reaction was carried out while removing it from the system with a Dean-Stark tube, almost no water production was observed in about 3 hours. After removing most of the toluene while gradually increasing the reaction temperature, the reaction was continued at 200 ° C. for 3 hours. Next, 12.3 g (0.072 mol) of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile was added, and the reaction was further carried out for 5 hours.

得られた反応液を放冷後、トルエン100mlを加えて希釈した。副生した無機化合物の沈殿物を濾過除去し、濾液を2lのメタノール中に投入した。沈殿した生成物を濾別、回収し乾燥後、テトラヒドロフラン250mlに溶解した。これをメタノール2lに再沈殿し、下記一般式(G6)で表される目的の化合物オリゴマー107gを得た。数平均分子量は11000であった。 The obtained reaction solution was allowed to cool, and then 100 ml of toluene was added to dilute it. The precipitate of the by-produced inorganic compound was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was put into 2 liters of methanol. The precipitated product was separated by filtration, collected, dried, and then dissolved in 250 ml of tetrahydrofuran. This was reprecipitated in 2 liters of methanol to obtain 107 g of the target compound oligomer represented by the following general formula (G6). The number average molecular weight was 11000.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[合成例7]
(下記式(G8)で表されるセグメントと下記式(G9)で表されるセグメントからなるポリエーテルスルホン(PES)系ブロックコポリマー前駆体b2’の合成)
無水塩化ニッケル1.62gとジメチルスルホキシド15mLとを混合し、70℃に調整した。これに、2,2’−ビピリジル2.15gを加え、同温度で10分撹拌し、ニッケル含有溶液を調製した。
[Synthesis Example 7]
(Synthesis of a polyether sulfone (PES) -based block copolymer precursor b2'consisting of a segment represented by the following formula (G8) and a segment represented by the following formula (G9))
1.62 g of anhydrous nickel chloride and 15 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide were mixed and adjusted to 70 ° C. To this, 2.15 g of 2,2'-bipyridyl was added, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes to prepare a nickel-containing solution.

ここに、2,5−ジクロロベンゼンスルホン酸(2,2−ジメチルプロピル)1.49gと下記式(G7)で示される、スミカエクセルPES5200P(住友化学社製、Mn=40,000、Mw=94,000)0.50gとを、ジメチルスルホキシド5mLに溶解させて得られた溶液に、亜鉛粉末1.23gを加え、70℃に調整した。これに前記ニッケル含有溶液を注ぎ込み、70℃で4時間重合反応を行った。反応混合物をメタノール60mL中に加え、次いで、6mol/L塩酸60mLを加え1時間攪拌した。析出した固体を濾過により分離し、乾燥し、灰白色の下記式(G8)と下記式(G9)で表されるセグメントを含むブロックコポリマー前駆体b2’を1.62g、収率99%で得た。重量平均分子量は23万であった。 Here, 1.49 g of 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic acid (2,2-dimethylpropyl) and Sumika Excel PES5200P (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Mn = 40,000, Mw = 94) represented by the following formula (G7). To the solution obtained by dissolving 0.50 g of 000) in 5 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, 1.23 g of zinc powder was added to adjust the temperature to 70 ° C. The nickel-containing solution was poured into the solution, and a polymerization reaction was carried out at 70 ° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was added to 60 mL of methanol, then 60 mL of 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The precipitated solid was separated by filtration and dried to obtain 1.62 g of a block copolymer precursor b2'containing segments represented by the following formulas (G8) and (G9), which are grayish white, in a yield of 99%. .. The weight average molecular weight was 230,000.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[高分子電解質溶液A]
イオン性基を含有するセグメントとして前記(G4)で表されるオリゴマー、イオン性基を含有しないセグメントとして前記(G3)で表されるオリゴマーを含有するブロックコポリマーからなる高分子電解質溶液
かき混ぜ機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた500mL三口フラスコに、炭酸カリウム0.56g(アルドリッチ試薬、4mmol)、合成例4で得られたイオン性基を含有するオリゴマーa2(末端:ヒドロキシル基)を16g(1mmol)入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)100mL、シクロヘキサン30mL中で100℃で脱水後、昇温してシクロヘキサン除去し、合成例3で得られたイオン性基を含有しないオリゴマーa1(末端:フルオロ基)11g(1mmol)を入れ、105℃で24時間反応を行った。多量のイソプロピルアルコールへの再沈殿精製により、ブロックコポリマーb1を得た。重量平均分子量は34万であった。
[Polymer electrolyte solution A]
A polymer electrolyte solution stirrer composed of an oligomer represented by (G4) as a segment containing an ionic group and a block copolymer containing an oligomer represented by (G3) as a segment not containing an ionic group, nitrogen. In a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with an introduction tube and a Dean-Stark trap, 0.56 g of potassium carbonate (Aldrich reagent, 4 mmol) and 16 g of oligomer a2 (terminal: hydroxyl group) containing the ionic group obtained in Synthesis Example 4 After adding (1 mmol) and substituting with nitrogen, dehydrate in 100 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 30 mL of cyclohexane at 100 ° C., raise the temperature to remove cyclohexane, and remove the cyclohexane, and the oligomer containing no ionic group obtained in Synthesis Example 3 11 g (1 mmol) of a1 (terminal: fluorogroup) was added, and the reaction was carried out at 105 ° C. for 24 hours. Block copolymer b1 was obtained by reprecipitation purification to a large amount of isopropyl alcohol. The weight average molecular weight was 340,000.

得られたブロックコポリマーを溶解させた5質量%N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶液を、久保田製作所製インバーター・コンパクト高速冷却遠心機(型番6930にアングルローターRA−800をセット、25℃、30分間、遠心力20000G)で重合原液の直接遠心分離を行った。沈降固形物(ケーキ)と上澄み液(塗液)がきれいに分離できたので上澄み液を回収した。次に、撹拌しながら80℃で減圧蒸留し、1μmのポリプロピレン製フィルターを用いて加圧ろ過し、高分子電解質溶液A(高分子電解質濃度13質量%)を得た。高分子電解質溶液Aの粘度は1300mPa・sであった。 A 5 mass% N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution in which the obtained block copolymer was dissolved was added to an inverter compact high-speed cooling centrifuge manufactured by Kubota Seisakusho (model number 6930 with Angle Rotor RA-800 set, 25 ° C., 30 minutes). The undiluted solution was directly centrifuged with a centrifugal force of 20000 G). Since the sedimented solid matter (cake) and the supernatant liquid (coating liquid) could be separated cleanly, the supernatant liquid was recovered. Next, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. with stirring, and pressure-filtered using a 1 μm polypropylene filter to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution A (polymer electrolyte concentration 13% by mass). The viscosity of the polymer electrolyte solution A was 1300 mPa · s.

[高分子電解質溶液B]
下記一般式(G10)で表されるポリアリーレン系ブロックコポリマーからなる高分子電解質溶液
乾燥したN,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)540mlを、3−(2,5−ジクロロベンゾイル)ベンゼンスルホン酸ネオペンチル135.0g(0.336mol)と、合成例6で合成した式(G6)で表されるイオン性基を含有しないオリゴマーを40.7g(5.6mmol)、2,5−ジクロロ−4’−(1−イミダゾリル)ベンゾフェノン6.71g(16.8mmol)、ビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)ニッケルジクロリド6.71g(10.3mmol)、トリフェニルホスフィン35.9g(0.137mol)、ヨウ化ナトリウム1.54g(10.3mmol)、亜鉛53.7g(0.821mol)の混合物中に窒素下で加えた。
[Polymer electrolyte solution B]
Polymer electrolyte solution consisting of polyarylene-based block copolymer represented by the following general formula (G10) 540 ml of dried N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was added to neopentyl 3- (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl) benzenesulfonate 135. 4.0 g (0.336 mol) and 40.7 g (5.6 mmol) of an oligomer not containing an ionic group represented by the formula (G6) synthesized in Synthesis Example 6 and 2,5-dichloro-4'-( 1-imidazolyl) benzophenone 6.71 g (16.8 mmol), bis (triphenylphosphine) nickel dichloride 6.71 g (10.3 mmol), triphenylphosphine 35.9 g (0.137 mol), sodium iodide 1.54 g ( 10.3 mmol), added under nitrogen to a mixture of 53.7 g (0.821 mol) of zinc.

反応系を撹拌下に加熱し(最終的には79℃まで加温)、3時間反応させた。反応途中で系中の粘度上昇が観察された。重合反応溶液をDMAc730mlで希釈し、30分撹拌し、セライトを濾過助剤に用い、濾過した。 The reaction system was heated under stirring (finally heated to 79 ° C.) and reacted for 3 hours. An increase in viscosity in the system was observed during the reaction. The polymerization reaction solution was diluted with 730 ml of DMAc, stirred for 30 minutes, and filtered using Celite as a filtration aid.

前記濾液をエバポレーターで濃縮し、濾液に臭化リチウム43.8g(0.505mol)を加え、内温110℃で7時間、窒素雰囲気下で反応させた。反応後、室温まで冷却し、アセトン4lに注ぎ、凝固した。凝固物を濾集、風乾後、ミキサーで粉砕し、1N塩酸1500mlで攪拌しながら洗浄を行った。濾過後、生成物は洗浄液のpHが5以上となるまで、イオン交換水で洗浄後、80℃で一晩乾燥し、目的のポリアリーレン系ブロックコポリマー23.0gを得た。この脱保護後のポリアリーレン系ブロックコポリマーの重量平均分子量は、19万であった。得られたポリアリーレン系ブロックコポリマーを、0.1g/gとなるように、N−メチルー2−ピロリドン/メタノール=30/70(質量%)有機溶媒に溶解して高分子電解質溶液Bを得た。高分子電解質溶液Bの粘度は1200mPa・sであった。 The filtrate was concentrated with an evaporator, 43.8 g (0.505 mol) of lithium bromide was added to the filtrate, and the mixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 110 ° C. for 7 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, poured into 4 liters of acetone, and coagulated. The coagulated product was collected by filtration, air-dried, pulverized with a mixer, and washed with 1500 ml of 1N hydrochloric acid while stirring. After filtration, the product was washed with ion-exchanged water until the pH of the washing liquid reached 5 or higher, and then dried at 80 ° C. overnight to obtain 23.0 g of the desired polyarylene block copolymer. The weight average molecular weight of the polyarylene block copolymer after this deprotection was 190,000. The obtained polyarylene-based block copolymer was dissolved in an organic solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone / methanol = 30/70 (mass%) so as to have a concentration of 0.1 g / g to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution B. .. The viscosity of the polymer electrolyte solution B was 1200 mPa · s.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[高分子電解質溶液C]
ランダム共重合体コポリマーからなる高分子電解質溶液C
撹拌機、窒素導入管、Dean−Starkトラップを備えた5Lの反応容器に、合成例1で合成した2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3−ジオキソラン129g、4,4’−ビフェノール93g(アルドリッチ試薬)、および合成例2で合成したジソジウム−3,3’−ジスルホネート−4,4’−ジフルオロベンゾフェノン422g(1.0mol)を入れ、窒素置換後、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)3000g、トルエン450g、18−クラウン−6 232g(和光純薬試薬)を加え、モノマーが全て溶解したことを確認後、炭酸カリウム304g(アルドリッチ試薬)を加え、環流しながら160℃で脱水後、昇温してトルエン除去し、200℃で1時間脱塩重縮合を行った。重量平均分子量は32万であった。
[Polymer electrolyte solution C]
Polymer electrolyte solution C consisting of random copolymer copolymer
129 g of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,3-dioxolane synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 in a 5 L reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen introduction tube, and a Dean-Stark trap, 4,4'-. 93 g of biphenol (Aldrich reagent) and 422 g (1.0 mol) of disodium-3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluorobenzophenone synthesized in Synthesis Example 2 were added, and after nitrogen substitution, N-methyl-2- Add 3000 g of pyrrolidone (NMP), 450 g of toluene, and 232 g of 18-crown-6 232 g (Wako Pure Chemical Reagent), and after confirming that all the monomers are dissolved, add 304 g of potassium carbonate (Aldrich reagent) and at 160 ° C while circulating. After dehydration, the temperature was raised to remove toluene, and desalting and polycondensation was performed at 200 ° C. for 1 hour. The weight average molecular weight was 320,000.

次に重合原液の粘度が500mPa・sになるようにNMPを添加して希釈し、久保田製作所製インバーター・コンパクト高速冷却遠心機(型番6930にアングルローターRA−800をセット、25℃、30分間、遠心力20000G)で重合原液の直接遠心分離を行った。沈降固形物(ケーキ)と上澄み液(塗液)がきれいに分離できたので上澄み液を回収した。次に、撹拌しながら80℃で減圧蒸留し、ポリマー濃度が14質量%になるまでNMPを除去し、さらに5μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで加圧濾過して高分子電解質溶液Cを得た。高分子電解質溶液Cの粘度は1000mPa・sであった。 Next, NMP was added and diluted so that the viscosity of the polymerization stock solution became 500 mPa · s, and an inverter compact high-speed cooling centrifuge manufactured by Kubota Seisakusho (model number 6930 was set with the angle rotor RA-800, 25 ° C., 30 minutes, The polymerization stock solution was directly centrifuged with a centrifugal force of 20000 G). Since the sedimented solid matter (cake) and the supernatant liquid (coating liquid) could be separated cleanly, the supernatant liquid was recovered. Next, the mixture was distilled under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. with stirring to remove NMP until the polymer concentration reached 14% by mass, and further pressure-filtered with a 5 μm polyethylene filter to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution C. The viscosity of the polymer electrolyte solution C was 1000 mPa · s.

[高分子電解質溶液D]
ポリエーテルスルホン系ブロックコポリマーからなる高分子電解質溶液D
合成例7で得られたブロックコポリマー前駆体b2’ 0.23gを、臭化リチウム一水和物0.16gとNMP8mLとの混合溶液に加え、120℃で24時間反応させた。反応混合物を、6mol/L塩酸80mL中に注ぎ込み、1時間撹拌した。析出した固体を濾過により分離した。分離した固体を乾燥し、灰白色の前記式(G8)で示されるセグメントと下記式(G11)で表されるセグメントからなるブロックコポリマーb2を得た。得られたポリエーテルスルホン系ブロックコポリマーの重量平均分子量は19万であった。得られたポリエーテルスルホン系ブロックコポリマーを、0.1g/gとなるように、N−メチルー2−ピロリドン/メタノール=30/70(質量%)有機溶媒に溶解して高分子電解質溶液Dを得た。高分子電解質溶液Dの粘度は1300mPa・sであった。
[Polymer electrolyte solution D]
Polymer electrolyte solution D consisting of a polyether sulfone-based block copolymer
0.23 g of the block copolymer precursor b2'obtained in Synthesis Example 7 was added to a mixed solution of 0.16 g of lithium bromide monohydrate and 8 mL of NMP, and the mixture was reacted at 120 ° C. for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into 80 mL of 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid and stirred for 1 hour. The precipitated solid was separated by filtration. The separated solid was dried to obtain a block copolymer b2 consisting of a grayish white segment represented by the above formula (G8) and a segment represented by the following formula (G11). The weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyether sulfone-based block copolymer was 190,000. The obtained polyether sulfone-based block copolymer is dissolved in an organic solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone / methanol = 30/70 (mass%) so as to be 0.1 g / g to obtain a polymer electrolyte solution D. It was. The viscosity of the polymer electrolyte solution D was 1300 mPa · s.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

[ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)多孔質基材A]
ポアフロン(登録商標)HP−045−30(住友電工ファインポリマー株式会社製)を縦横方向に3倍同時2軸延伸することにより、膜厚8μm、空隙率89%のePTFE多孔質基材Bを作製した。SEM観察の結果、平均直径0.3μmのフィブリルが無規則な蜘蛛の巣状を形成する構造であった。
[Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous substrate A]
Poaflon (registered trademark) HP-045-30 (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Co., Ltd.) is simultaneously biaxially stretched three times in the vertical and horizontal directions to prepare an ePTFE porous substrate B having a film thickness of 8 μm and a porosity of 89%. did. As a result of SEM observation, the structure was such that fibrils with an average diameter of 0.3 μm formed an irregular spider web shape.

[親水化ePTFE多孔質基材A’]
露点−80℃のグローブボックス内において、ePTFE多孔質基材Bを金属ナトリウム−ナフタレン錯体/テトラヒドロフラン(THF)1%溶液30g、THF70gからなる溶液に浸漬し、3秒経過後に引き上げ、すぐにTHFで十分洗浄し、膜厚8μm、空隙率88%の親水化ePTFE多孔質基材B’を作製した。 [ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)多孔質基材B]
ポアフロン(登録商標)WP−010−80(住友電工ファインポリマー株式会社製)を縦方向に10倍延伸後、365℃において熱処理を実施した。次いで横方向に2倍延伸することにより、膜厚9μm、空隙率80%のePTFE多孔質基材Aを作製した。SEM観察の結果、縦方向に略平行な平均直径0.9μmのノードと横方向に略平行な平均直径0.2μmのフィブリルを有する構造であった。
[Hydrophilic ePTFE porous substrate A']
In a glove box with a dew point of -80 ° C, the ePTFE porous substrate B is immersed in a solution consisting of 30 g of a 1% solution of metallic sodium-naphthalene complex / tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 70 g of THF, pulled up after 3 seconds, and immediately with THF. After thorough washing, a hydrophilic ePTFE porous substrate B'with a film thickness of 8 μm and a porosity of 88% was prepared. [Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous substrate B]
Poaflon (registered trademark) WP-010-80 (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Fine Polymer Co., Ltd.) was stretched 10 times in the longitudinal direction and then heat-treated at 365 ° C. Then, by stretching twice in the lateral direction, an ePTFE porous substrate A having a film thickness of 9 μm and a porosity of 80% was prepared. As a result of SEM observation, it was a structure having a node having an average diameter of 0.9 μm substantially parallel in the vertical direction and a fibril having an average diameter of 0.2 μm substantially parallel in the horizontal direction.

[テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(FEP)共重合体多孔質基材C]
FEP樹脂(フロン工業株式会社製)75質量部と、無機充填剤としてシリカ微粒子(信越シリコーン社製、QSG−30、1次粒子平均粒子径30nm)15質量部を粉体混合機により充分混合した。
[Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene (FEP) Copolymer Porous Base Material C]
75 parts by mass of FEP resin (manufactured by Freon Industries, Ltd.) and 15 parts by mass of silica fine particles (manufactured by Shinetsu Silicone Co., Ltd., QSG-30, primary particle average particle size 30 nm) as an inorganic filler were sufficiently mixed by a powder mixer. ..

この混合物を、二軸押出機(東芝機械社製、TEM−35)を用い、300℃で混練したのち、直径2.5mmのストランドを押出し、これを長さ2.5mmで切断してペレットを得た。 This mixture is kneaded at 300 ° C. using a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd., TEM-35), then a strand having a diameter of 2.5 mm is extruded, and the strand is cut to a length of 2.5 mm to obtain pellets. Obtained.

このペレットを口径40mmの単軸押出機(池貝社製、VS40)に供給し、700mmの口金幅を有するフラットダイを用い、ダイス温度333℃、押出速度4.3kg/時間で押し出した。当該吐出物を、表面温度が130℃になるように調整したロールに沿わせて4.8m/分の速度で引き取ることによりETFEフィルムを得た。 The pellets were supplied to a single-screw extruder (manufactured by Ikegai Corp., VS40) having a diameter of 40 mm, and extruded using a flat die having a mouthpiece width of 700 mm at a die temperature of 333 ° C. and an extrusion speed of 4.3 kg / hour. An ETFE film was obtained by taking the discharged product along a roll adjusted to have a surface temperature of 130 ° C. at a speed of 4.8 m / min.

得られたフィルムを縦横方向に4倍延伸することにより、膜厚8μm、空隙率90%のFEP共重合体多孔質基材Bを作製した。 The obtained film was stretched four times in the vertical and horizontal directions to prepare a FEP copolymer porous base material B having a film thickness of 8 μm and a porosity of 90%.

[エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン(ETFE)共重合体多孔質基材D]
FEP樹脂(フロン工業株式会社製)の代わりに、ETFE樹脂(アルドリッチ社製)を用いた以外は、FEP多孔質基材Bと同様にして、膜厚8μm、空隙率89%のETFE共重合体多孔質基材Dを作製した。
[ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)多孔質基材E]
Tetratex(登録商標)TX1356(D o n a l d s o n社製)を多孔質基材Eとする。膜厚8μm、空隙率85%である。
[Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Copolymer Porous Base Material D]
An ETFE copolymer having a film thickness of 8 μm and a porosity of 89%, similar to FEP porous substrate B, except that ETFE resin (manufactured by Aldrich) was used instead of FEP resin (manufactured by Flon Industries, Ltd.). A porous base material D was prepared.
[Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous substrate E]
Let Teletex (registered trademark) TX1356 (manufactured by Dona l d s on) be a porous base material E. The film thickness is 8 μm and the porosity is 85%.

[実施例1]
高分子電解質溶液A100gに、”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G0.26gを溶解し、高分子電解質と界面活性剤の質量比(以下界面活性剤/電解質と表記)が0.02の電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を調製した。ナイフコーターを用い、この電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液をガラス基板上に流延塗布し、ePTFE多孔質基材Aを貼り合わせた。室温にて1時間保持し、ePTFE多孔質基材Aに電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液Aを十分含浸させた後、100℃にて4時間乾燥した。乾燥後の膜の上面に、再度電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液Aを流延塗布し、室温にて1時間保持した後、100℃にて4時間乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 1]
0.26 g of "Futergent" (registered trademark) 208G is dissolved in 100 g of the polymer electrolyte solution A, and the mass ratio of the polymer electrolyte to the surfactant (hereinafter referred to as "surfactant / surfactant") is 0.02. A mixed solution of activator was prepared. Using a knife coater, this electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was cast-coated on a glass substrate, and the ePTFE porous substrate A was bonded. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 1 hour, the ePTFE porous substrate A was sufficiently impregnated with the electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution A, and then dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours. The electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution A was cast-coated on the upper surface of the dried film again, held at room temperature for 1 hour, and then dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a film-like polymer. After immersing in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, the mixture was immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours and thoroughly washed to obtain a composite electrolyte film (thickness 10 μm). ..

[実施例2]
界面活性剤/電解質を0.10とした電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 2]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution having a surfactant / electrolyte of 0.10 was used.

[実施例3]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)208Gの代わりに”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FMを使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 3]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that “Futergent” (registered trademark) 710FM was used instead of “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G.

[実施例4]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)208Gの代わりに”メガファック”(登録商標)F−555を使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 4]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that “Mega Fvck” (registered trademark) F-555 was used instead of “Futagent” (registered trademark) 208G.

[実施例5]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わりePTFE多孔質基材Bを使用した以外は、実施例2と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 5]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the ePTFE porous base material B was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

<第二の態様による複合電解質膜の製造>
[実施例6]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G 1.5gを酢酸2−メトキシ−1−メチルエチル100gに溶解し、”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G 1.5質量%溶液を調製した。続いて、ガラス基板上に固定したePTFE多孔質基材A上に、ナイフコーターを用いて208G溶液を流延塗布し、100℃にて1時間乾燥し、界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aを作製した。作製した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aの重量は元のePTFE多孔質基材Aに比較して3wt%増加していた。また、界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aの表面上にNMPの液滴を配置すると、3秒で配置部分が透明となりNMPは含浸した。純水を配置すると、120秒経過しても透明とならず、純水は含浸しなかった。
<Manufacturing of composite electrolyte membrane by the second aspect>
[Example 6]
1.5 g of "Futergent" (registered trademark) 208G was dissolved in 100 g of 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate to prepare a "Futagent" (registered trademark) 208G 1.5% by mass solution. Subsequently, a 208G solution was cast-coated on the ePTFE porous substrate A fixed on the glass substrate using a knife coater, dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A was applied. Was produced. The weight of the prepared surfactant-containing ePTFE porous base material A was increased by 3 wt% as compared with the original ePTFE porous base material A. When NMP droplets were placed on the surface of the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A, the placed portion became transparent in 3 seconds and the NMP was impregnated. When pure water was placed, it did not become transparent even after 120 seconds had passed, and the pure water was not impregnated.

ナイフコーターを用い、高分子電解質溶液Aを別のガラス基板上に流延塗布し、ガラス基板より引き剥がした界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aを貼り合わせた。室温にて1時間保持し、界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aに高分子電解質溶液Aを十分含浸させた後、100℃にて4時間乾燥した。乾燥後の膜の上面に、再度高分子電解質溶液Aを流延塗布し、室温にて1時間保持した後、100℃にて4時間乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。 Using a knife coater, the polymer electrolyte solution A was cast-coated on another glass substrate, and the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A peeled off from the glass substrate was bonded. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 1 hour, the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A was sufficiently impregnated with the polymer electrolyte solution A, and then dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours. The polymer electrolyte solution A was cast again on the upper surface of the dried film, held at room temperature for 1 hour, and then dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a film-like polymer. After immersing in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, the mixture was immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours and thoroughly washed to obtain a composite electrolyte film (thickness 10 μm). ..

[実施例7]
作製した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aの重量増加を元のePTFE多孔質基材Aに比較して6wt%となるように界面活性剤溶液を塗工した以外は、実施例6と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 7]
Same as in Example 6 except that the surfactant solution was applied so that the weight increase of the prepared surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A was 6 wt% as compared with the original ePTFE porous substrate A. A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained.

[実施例8]
作製した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Aの重量増加を元のePTFE多孔質基材Aに比較して10wt%となるように界面活性剤溶液を塗工した以外は、実施例6と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 8]
Same as in Example 6 except that the surfactant solution was applied so that the weight increase of the prepared surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate A was 10 wt% as compared with the original ePTFE porous substrate A. A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained.

[実施例9]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)208Gの代わりに”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FMを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 9]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that “Futergent” (registered trademark) 710FM was used instead of “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G.

[実施例10]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)208Gの代わりに”メガファック”(登録商標)F−555を使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 10]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that “Mega Fvck” (registered trademark) F-555 was used instead of “Futagent” (registered trademark) 208G.

[実施例11]
ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)が5wt%溶解したNMP溶液(クレハ製L#9305)20gと酢酸2−メトキシ−1−メチルエチル80gと”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FM溶液1gを混合し、PVDF1wt%、”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FM0.5wt%の溶液を調製した。”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G溶液の代わりに、調製したPVDF+”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FM溶液を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 11]
20 g of NMP solution (L # 9305 manufactured by Kureha Corporation) in which 5 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is dissolved, 80 g of 2-methoxy-1-methyl ethyl acetate and 1 g of "Futergent" (registered trademark) 710FM solution are mixed to obtain 1 wt% of PVDF. , "Futergent"® 710FM 0.5 wt% solution was prepared. A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the prepared PVDF + “Futergent” (registered trademark) 710FM solution was used instead of the “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G solution. It was.

[実施例12]
PVDFが5wt%溶解したNMP溶液(クレハ製L#9305)10gと酢酸2−メトキシ−1−メチルエチル90gを混合し、PVDFの0.5wt%溶液を調製した。”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G溶液の代わりに、調製したPVDF溶液を使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 12]
10 g of an NMP solution (L # 9305 manufactured by Kureha Corporation) in which 5 wt% of PVDF was dissolved and 90 g of 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate were mixed to prepare a 0.5 wt% solution of PVDF. A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the prepared PVDF solution was used instead of the “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G solution.

[実施例13]
ポリベンズイミダゾール(PBI)が溶解した1wt%NMP溶液100gと”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G1gを混合し、PBI1wt%、”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G1wt%溶液を調製した。”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G溶液の代わりに、調製したPBI+”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G溶液を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 13]
100 g of a 1 wt% NMP solution in which polybenzimidazole (PBI) was dissolved and 1 g of "Futagent" (registered trademark) 208G were mixed to prepare a PBI 1 wt% and "Futagent" (registered trademark) 208G 1 wt% solution. A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the prepared PBI + “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G solution was used instead of the “Futergent” (registered trademark) 208G solution. It was.

[実施例14]
高分子電解質溶液Aの代わりに高分子電解質溶液Bを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 14]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the polymer electrolyte solution B was used instead of the polymer electrolyte solution A.

[実施例15]
高分子電解質溶液Aの代わりに高分子電解質溶液Cを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 15]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the polymer electrolyte solution C was used instead of the polymer electrolyte solution A.

[実施例16]
高分子電解質溶液Aの代わりに高分子電解質溶液Dを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 16]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the polymer electrolyte solution D was used instead of the polymer electrolyte solution A.

[実施例17]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わり多孔質基材Cを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 17]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the porous base material C was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

[実施例18]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わり多孔質基材Dを使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 18]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the porous base material D was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

[実施例19]
実施例1と同様に電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を調製した。
[Example 19]
An electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

ナイフコーターを用い、この電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液をガラス基板上に流延塗布し、ePTFE多孔質基材Aを貼り合わせた。室温にて1時間保持し、ePTFE多孔質基材Aに電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液Aを十分含浸させた後、再度電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液Aを流延塗布し、室温にて1時間保持した後、100℃にて4時間乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。 Using a knife coater, this electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was cast-coated on a glass substrate, and the ePTFE porous substrate A was bonded. The mixture was kept at room temperature for 1 hour, the ePTFE porous substrate A was sufficiently impregnated with the electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution A, and then the electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution A was cast-applied again at room temperature for 1 hour. After holding, it was dried at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a film-like polymer. After immersing in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, the mixture was immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours and thoroughly washed to obtain a composite electrolyte film (thickness 10 μm). ..

[実施例20]
界面活性剤/電解質を0.04とした電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を使用した以外は、実施例19と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 20]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 19 except that an electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution having a surfactant / electrolyte of 0.04 was used.

[実施例21]
界面活性剤/電解質を0.04とした電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を使用し、ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わりePTFE多孔質基材Eを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 21]
Composite in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution having a surfactant / electrolyte of 0.04 was used and ePTFE porous substrate E was used instead of ePTFE porous substrate A. An electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained.

[実施例22]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わりePTFE多孔質基材Eを使用した以外は、実施例20と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 22]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 20 except that the ePTFE porous base material E was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

[実施例23]
実施例20と同様に電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を調製した。
[Example 23]
An electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 20.

電解質−界面活性剤混合溶をPET基材上に塗布、塗布溶液膜上にePTFE多孔質基材Eを貼り合わせた後、その上面に電解質−界面活性剤混合溶を塗布、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。図1に使用したロール膜作製装置の模式図を示す。図1中、3はPET基材、4は塗布装置、5は補強材、6は乾燥炉をそれぞれ表わす。得られたフィルム状の重合体を10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。 Apply the electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution on the PET substrate, attach the ePTFE porous substrate E on the coating solution film, then apply the electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution on the upper surface, and dry at 100 ° C. The mixture was dried for 10 minutes to obtain a film-like polymer. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the roll film manufacturing apparatus used. In FIG. 1, 3 is a PET base material, 4 is a coating device, 5 is a reinforcing material, and 6 is a drying furnace. The obtained film-like polymer was immersed in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours for thorough washing, and the composite electrolyte was thoroughly washed. A film (thickness 10 μm) was obtained.

[実施例24]
“フタージェント”(登録商標)208Gの代わりに”フタージェント”(登録商標)FTX−218を使用した以外は、実施例23と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 24]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 23, except that “Futagent” (registered trademark) FTX-218 was used instead of “Futagent” (registered trademark) 208G.

[実施例25]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わりePTFE多孔質基材Eを使用した以外は、実施例9と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 25]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the ePTFE porous base material E was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

[実施例26]
”フタージェント”(登録商標)710FM 1.5gを酢酸2−メトキシ−1−メチルエチル100gに溶解し、”フタージェント”(登録商標)208G 1.5質量%溶液を調製した。続いて、調製した710FM溶液をPET基材上に塗布、ePTFE多孔質基材Eを貼り合わせ、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥し、界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Eを作製した。作製した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Eの重量は元のePTFE多孔質基材Eに比較して6wt%増加していた。
[Example 26]
1.5 g of "Futergent" (registered trademark) 710FM was dissolved in 100 g of 2-methoxy-1-methyl ethyl acetate to prepare a "Futergent" (registered trademark) 208G 1.5% by mass solution. Subsequently, the prepared 710FM solution was applied onto a PET substrate, the ePTFE porous substrate E was bonded, and dried in a drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to prepare a surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate E. The weight of the prepared surfactant-containing ePTFE porous base material E was increased by 6 wt% as compared with the original ePTFE porous base material E.

続いて、高分子電解質溶液AをPET基材上に塗布、塗布溶液膜上にPET基材から剥離した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Eを貼り合わせ、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥した後、乾燥後の膜を巻き取った。巻き取った膜上面に高分子電解質溶液Aを塗布し、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。図2に使用したロール膜作製装置の模式図を示す。図2中、3はPET基材、4は塗布装置、5は補強材、6は乾燥炉をそれぞれ表わす。得られたフィルム状の重合体を10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。 Subsequently, the polymer electrolyte solution A is coated on the PET base material, the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous base material E peeled off from the PET base material is bonded onto the coating solution membrane, and dried in a drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes. After that, the dried film was wound up. The polymer electrolyte solution A was applied to the upper surface of the wound membrane and dried in a drying oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a film-like polymer. FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the roll film manufacturing apparatus used. In FIG. 2, 3 is a PET base material, 4 is a coating device, 5 is a reinforcing material, and 6 is a drying furnace. The obtained film-like polymer was immersed in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours for thorough washing, and the composite electrolyte was thoroughly washed. A film (thickness 10 μm) was obtained.

[実施例27]
実施例26と同様に、界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Eを得た。
続いて、高分子電解質溶液AをPET基材上に塗布、塗布溶液膜上にPET基材から剥離した界面活性剤含有ePTFE多孔質基材Eを貼り合わせ、その上面に高分子電解質溶液Aを塗布、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。得られたフィルム状の重合体を10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Example 27]
Similar to Example 26, a surfactant-containing ePTFE porous substrate E was obtained.
Subsequently, the polymer electrolyte solution A is coated on the PET base material, the surfactant-containing ePTFE porous base material E peeled off from the PET base material is bonded onto the coating solution film, and the polymer electrolyte solution A is applied on the upper surface thereof. The coating was applied and dried in a drying oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a film-like polymer. The obtained film-like polymer was immersed in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours for thorough washing, and the composite electrolyte was thoroughly washed. A film (thickness 10 μm) was obtained.

[比較例1]
電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液の代わりに高分子電解質溶液Aを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして複合電解質膜の作製を試みたが、高分子電解質溶液AがePTFE多孔質基材Aに浸透せず複合電解質膜を得ることができなかった。
[Comparative Example 1]
An attempt was made to prepare a composite electrolyte membrane in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer electrolyte solution A was used instead of the electrolyte-surface active agent mixed solution, but the polymer electrolyte solution A was the ePTFE porous substrate A. The composite electrolyte membrane could not be obtained without penetrating into.

[比較例2]
ePTFE多孔質基材Aの代わりに親水化ePTFE多孔質基材A’を使用した以外は、比較例1と同様にして複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
[Comparative Example 2]
A composite electrolyte membrane (thickness: 10 μm) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the hydrophilic ePTFE porous base material A'was used instead of the ePTFE porous base material A.

実施例1−18、比較例1−2で製造した複合電解質膜について、イオン交換容量(IEC)、複合層中の高分子電解質の充填率、剥離耐性、寸法変化率λxy、含水引張弾性率、乾湿サイクル後の引張弾性率、プロトン電導度、および乾湿サイクル耐久性、降伏応力を評価した。また含フッ素高分子微多孔膜多孔質基材について、フッ素原子含有量、空隙率を評価した。これらの評価結果を表1に示す。(乾湿サイクル耐久性に関して、30000サイクルを超えても水素透過電流が初期電流の10倍を越えなかった場合は、30000サイクルで評価を打ち切った。)
[比較例3]
実施例1と同様に電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を調製した。
電解質−界面活性剤混合溶をPET基材上に塗布、塗布溶液膜上にePTFE多孔質基材Eを貼り合わせ、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥した後、乾燥後の膜を巻き取った。巻き取った膜上面に電解質−界面活性剤混合溶液を塗布し、100℃の乾燥炉で10分乾燥し、フィルム状の重合体を得た。得られたフィルム状の重合体を10質量%硫酸水溶液に80℃で24時間浸漬してプロトン置換、脱保護反応した後に、大過剰量の純水に24時間浸漬して充分洗浄し、複合電解質膜(膜厚10μm)を得た。
Regarding the composite electrolyte membranes produced in Examples 1-18 and Comparative Example 1-2, the ion exchange capacity (IEC), the filling rate of the polymer electrolyte in the composite layer, the peeling resistance, the dimensional change rate λxy, the water-containing tensile elastic modulus, The tensile elastic modulus, proton conductivity, dry-wet cycle durability, and yield stress after the dry-wet cycle were evaluated. In addition, the fluorine atom content and porosity of the fluoropolymer microporous membrane porous substrate were evaluated. The results of these evaluations are shown in Table 1. (Regarding the durability of the dry-wet cycle, if the hydrogen permeation current did not exceed 10 times the initial current even after exceeding 30,000 cycles, the evaluation was discontinued after 30,000 cycles.)
[Comparative Example 3]
An electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
The electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was applied on the PET substrate, the ePTFE porous substrate E was laminated on the coating solution film, dried in a drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the dried film was wound up. .. An electrolyte-surfactant mixed solution was applied to the upper surface of the wound membrane and dried in a drying oven at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a film-like polymer. The obtained film-like polymer was immersed in a 10 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 80 ° C. for 24 hours for proton substitution and deprotection reaction, and then immersed in a large excess amount of pure water for 24 hours for thorough washing, and the composite electrolyte was thoroughly washed. A film (thickness 10 μm) was obtained.

Figure 2021052001
Figure 2021052001

注1)A:ブロックコポリマーb1、B:ポリアリーレン系ブロックコポリマー、C:ランダムコポリマー、D:ポリエーテルスルホン系ブロックコポリマーb2
注2)A:ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)多孔質基材、A’:親水化ePTFE多孔質基材A’、、C:テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(FEP)共重合体多孔質基材、D:エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレン(ETFE)共重合体多孔質基材、E:ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)多孔質基材E
Note 1) A: Block copolymer b1, B: Polyarylene-based block copolymer, C: Random copolymer, D: Polyether sulfone-based block copolymer b2
Note 2) A: Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous base material, A': Hydrophilic ePTFE porous base material A', C: Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP) copolymer porous base material , D: Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer porous base material, E: Polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous base material E

1:PET基材
2:塗布装置
3:補強材
4:乾燥炉
1: PET base material 2: Coating device 3: Reinforcing material 4: Drying furnace

Claims (15)

炭化水素系高分子電解質と含フッ素高分子多孔質基材とが複合化された複合層を有する複合電解質膜であって、該複合電解質膜を水中浸漬および乾燥を繰り返した後の、該複合層に発生する空孔数Vが100以下である複合電解質膜。 A composite electrolyte membrane having a composite layer in which a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte and a fluorine-containing polymer porous base material are composited, and the composite layer is obtained after the composite electrolyte membrane is repeatedly immersed in water and dried. A composite electrolyte membrane in which the number of pores V generated in the above is 100 or less. 水中浸漬および乾燥を繰り返した後の、含水引張弾性率が20N/cm以上である、請求項1に記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to claim 1, wherein the water-containing tensile elastic modulus after repeated immersion and drying in water is 20 N / cm or more. 乾湿サイクル前後の含水引張弾性率比が0.8以上である、請求項1または2に記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-containing tensile elastic modulus ratio before and after the dry-wet cycle is 0.8 or more. 含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の酸素原子含有量が5%以下である、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate has an oxygen atom content of 5% or less. 含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に70質量%以上のフッ素原子が含まれている、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate contains 70% by mass or more of fluorine atoms. 前記炭化水素系高分子電解質がイオン性基を有する芳香族炭化水素系ポリマーである、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte is an aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer having an ionic group. 少なくとも添加剤としてフッ素系界面活性剤またはポリフッ化ビニリデンを含有し、電解質膜表面にフッ素系界面活性剤およびポリフッ化ビニリデンが存在しない、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which contains at least a fluorine-based surfactant or polyvinylidene fluoride as an additive and does not contain the fluorine-based surfactant and polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the electrolyte membrane. 少なくとも添加剤としてフッ素系界面活性剤およびポリマー添加剤1種を含有し、電解質膜表面にフッ素系界面活性剤およびポリフッ化ビニリデンが存在しない、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜。 The composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which contains at least one fluorine-based surfactant and one polymer additive as an additive and does not contain the fluorine-based surfactant and polyvinylidene fluoride on the surface of the electrolyte membrane. .. 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜に触媒層を有する触媒層付電解質膜。 An electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer having a catalyst layer on the composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜を有する膜電極複合体。 A membrane electrode composite having the composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜を有する固体高分子型燃料電池。 A polymer electrolyte fuel cell having the composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 非プロトン性極性溶媒が含浸可能で、水が含浸しない、含フッ素高分子多孔質基材。 A fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate that can be impregnated with an aprotic polar solvent and is not impregnated with water. 少なくともフッ素系界面活性剤またはポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む請求項12に記載の含フッ素高分子多孔質基材。 The fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate according to claim 12, which contains at least a fluorine-based surfactant or polyvinylidene fluoride. 前記コーティングの重量が含フッ素高分子多孔質基材の20質量%以下である、請求項13に記載の含フッ素高分子多孔質基材。 The fluorine-containing polymer porous base material according to claim 13, wherein the weight of the coating is 20% by mass or less of the fluorine-containing polymer porous base material. 工程1:少なくともフッ素系界面活性剤またはポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む溶液を含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸し、溶媒を除去する工程;
工程2:炭化水素系高分子電解質溶液を工程1で得られたコーティング付き含フッ素高分子多孔質基材に含浸、溶媒を除去する工程;
を有する請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合電解質膜の製造方法。
Step 1: A step of impregnating a fluorine-containing polymer porous substrate with a solution containing at least a fluorine-based surfactant or polyvinylidene fluoride to remove the solvent;
Step 2: A step of impregnating the coated fluoropolymer porous base material obtained in Step 1 with a hydrocarbon-based polymer electrolyte solution to remove the solvent;
The method for producing a composite electrolyte membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
JP2020156283A 2019-09-20 2020-09-17 Composite electrolyte membrane and membrane electrode composite using the same, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell Pending JP2021052001A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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