JP2021020159A - Porous body containing iodine-supporting active carbon, and production method thereof - Google Patents

Porous body containing iodine-supporting active carbon, and production method thereof Download PDF

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JP2021020159A
JP2021020159A JP2019138179A JP2019138179A JP2021020159A JP 2021020159 A JP2021020159 A JP 2021020159A JP 2019138179 A JP2019138179 A JP 2019138179A JP 2019138179 A JP2019138179 A JP 2019138179A JP 2021020159 A JP2021020159 A JP 2021020159A
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iodine
activated carbon
porous body
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JP7161659B2 (en
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克嘉 蓼沼
Katsuyoshi Tadenuma
克嘉 蓼沼
稔正 真野
Toshimasa Mano
稔正 真野
好人 今泉
Yoshito Imaizumi
好人 今泉
秀典 小船
Shusuke Kobune
秀典 小船
欽章 木名瀬
Yoshiaki Kinase
欽章 木名瀬
ゆり 名取
Yuri Natori
ゆり 名取
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Kaken Co Ltd
Aion Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a porous body containing iodine-supporting active carbon capable of fixing iodine to a resin porous body to prevent the iodine from eluting into water and keeping antibacterial and antiviral effect for a long time.SOLUTION: A porous body containing iodine-supporting active carbon includes a resin porous body mixed with active carbon and iodine supported by the active carbon. The resin porous body is integrated with the active carbon in an exposed state in a porous structure to support the iodine. The iodine is supported by the active carbon in a state of element iodine that is not eluted into water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、活性炭を定着させた多孔質体であって、その活性炭にヨウ素を添着させたヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体に関する。 The present invention relates to an iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body in which activated carbon is fixed and iodine is impregnated on the activated carbon.

多孔質体は、スポンジなど内部に空隙を有するものである。例えば、ポリビニルアセタールなどPVA樹脂多孔質体は、吸水性や保水性に優れるとともに湿潤時に好ましい柔軟性や反発弾性を有し、且つ耐久性に優れる。PVA樹脂多孔質体は、気孔形成材を用いて気孔を形成するのが一般的である。 The porous body has voids inside, such as a sponge. For example, a PVA resin porous body such as polyvinyl acetal is excellent in water absorption and water retention, has preferable flexibility and impact resilience when wet, and is excellent in durability. In the PVA resin porous body, pores are generally formed by using a pore-forming material.

また、活性炭は、大部分が炭素(C)からなる多孔質体であり、細孔に他のものを吸着させる性質を有する。活性炭は、木材、石炭又はやし殻などを炭化させ、水蒸気などで賦活することで、多数の細孔が形成される。活性炭は、脱臭や水質浄化又は有害物質の吸着などに利用され、加熱することで吸着したものを放出させて再利用することもできる。 In addition, activated carbon is a porous body composed mostly of carbon (C), and has the property of adsorbing other substances in the pores. In activated carbon, a large number of pores are formed by carbonizing wood, coal, coconut shells, etc. and activating them with steam or the like. Activated carbon is used for deodorization, water purification, adsorption of harmful substances, etc., and can also be reused by releasing the adsorbed carbon by heating.

なお、活性炭が粉末状であると飛散しやすいため、空中に浮遊して周囲を汚染することもある。また、活性炭が粒状であると崩壊又は摩耗により細粒化すると回収又は交換等する際に手間が掛かる。特許文献1に記載されているように、PVA樹脂多孔質体と活性炭を混在させて、多孔質体の特性を損なうことなく、活性炭の吸着性能を有効に発揮させる発明も開示されている。 If the activated carbon is in powder form, it is likely to scatter, so it may float in the air and contaminate the surrounding area. Further, if the activated carbon is granular, and if it is granulated due to collapse or wear, it takes time and effort to collect or replace it. As described in Patent Document 1, an invention is also disclosed in which a PVA resin porous body and activated carbon are mixed to effectively exhibit the adsorption performance of the activated carbon without impairing the characteristics of the porous body.

また、ヨウ素(I)は、ハロゲン元素の一つであり、強い殺菌力を有する。ヨウ素は、アルコールには比較的よく溶け、エタノールに溶かしたヨードチンキも強い殺菌力を有する消毒薬である。ただし、ヨードチンキは、生体への刺激が強いため、ポリビニルピロリドンとヨウ素を混合して生体への影響を弱くしたポビドンヨードがうがい薬などに使用されている。特許文献2に記載されているように、汚染された水にヨウ素を添加して殺菌し、その後、ヨウ素を活性炭に吸着させて回収する発明も開示されている。 Iodine (I 2 ) is one of the halogen elements and has a strong bactericidal activity. Iodine is a disinfectant that dissolves relatively well in alcohol, and iodine tincture dissolved in ethanol also has a strong bactericidal activity. However, since iodine tincture is strongly irritating to the living body, povidone iodine, which is a mixture of polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine to weaken the effect on the living body, is used as a mouthwash. As described in Patent Document 2, an invention is also disclosed in which iodine is added to contaminated water for sterilization, and then iodine is adsorbed on activated carbon for recovery.

なお、ヨウ素は、ヨウ化カリウム(KI)又はヨウ化ナトリウム(NaI)の水溶液に溶解させると、三ヨウ化物イオン(I )等の状態になるので、そこに活性炭を含浸することで、活性炭の細孔に担持させることが可能である。特許文献3に記載されているように、三ヨウ化カリウムを活性炭に吸着させ、水にヨウ素を溶出させることで抗菌性を発揮させる発明も開示されている。 Incidentally, iodine, when dissolved in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide (KI) or sodium iodide (NaI), triiodide (I 3 -) since the state of such, by impregnating therein activated carbon, It can be supported in the pores of activated carbon. As described in Patent Document 3, an invention is also disclosed in which potassium iodide is adsorbed on activated carbon and iodine is eluted in water to exert antibacterial properties.

ヨウ素系消毒薬は、塩素系消毒薬と同等の効力を有する中水準消毒薬であり、ウイルス、真菌、及び一部の芽胞菌を除く細菌(以下、微生物類とする)に対して消毒効果がある。しかし、ヨウ素系消毒薬は、微生物類を殺菌する際に生体まで傷付けるおそれがある。そのため、ヨウ素系消毒薬を使用する場合、生体に対して非侵襲であることが望まれる。 Iodine-based disinfectants are medium-level disinfectants that have the same efficacy as chlorine-based disinfectants, and have a disinfecting effect on viruses, fungi, and bacteria (hereinafter referred to as microorganisms) excluding some spore-forming bacteria. is there. However, iodine-based disinfectants may damage living organisms when sterilizing microorganisms. Therefore, when using an iodine-based disinfectant, it is desirable that it is non-invasive to the living body.

例えば、鳥インフルエンザウイルス等の家畜伝染病の消毒には、消石灰(水酸化カルシウム)が使用されている。消石灰は、運動場のライン引きや畑に撒かれていたが、目に入ると失明する危険性もある。また、消石灰は、二酸化炭素と反応して炭酸カルシウムになると消毒効果が無くなるので、長期間に渡り効果を持続させることができない。 For example, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is used to disinfect livestock infectious diseases such as avian influenza virus. Slaked lime was sprinkled on the lines of the playground and in the fields, but there is a risk of blindness if it gets in the eyes. In addition, slaked lime loses its disinfecting effect when it reacts with carbon dioxide to become calcium carbonate, so that the effect cannot be maintained for a long period of time.

ヨウ素イオンが水などに溶出すると効果が長期間持続しないので、元素状ヨウ素の状態で活性炭に担持させる方法もある。特許文献4及び5に記載しているように、活性炭の細孔に吸着した一部の芽胞菌以外の微生物類を生体には非侵襲で殺菌するヨード活性炭(ヨウ素担持活性炭)の発明を出願している。 Since the effect does not last for a long time when iodine ions are eluted in water or the like, there is also a method of supporting the iodine ions on activated carbon in the state of elemental iodine. As described in Patent Documents 4 and 5, we applied for the invention of iodine activated carbon (iodine-supported activated carbon) that non-invasively sterilizes microorganisms other than some blast fungi adsorbed on the pores of activated carbon. ing.

特開2018−177588号公報JP-A-2018-177588 特許第4368146号公報Japanese Patent No. 4368146 特許第4914541号公報Japanese Patent No. 4914541 特願2017−102762号Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-102762 特願2018−032302号Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-032302

PVAスポンジ等の樹脂多孔質体にヨウ素を添付しても水に浸けるとヨウ素が溶出して抗菌性及び抗ウイルス性を持続させることができない。また、ヨウ素担持活性炭は、粉粒状であるとそのまま水に浸けると水中に浮遊してしまう。そのため、樹脂多孔質体に活性炭を定着させ、その活性炭にヨウ素を担持させることが考えられる。 Even if iodine is attached to a resin porous body such as a PVA sponge, iodine is eluted when immersed in water, and antibacterial and antiviral properties cannot be maintained. Further, if the iodine-supported activated carbon is powdery and granular, it will float in water if it is immersed in water as it is. Therefore, it is conceivable to fix the activated carbon on the resin porous body and support iodine on the activated carbon.

ただ、水蒸気で賦活した活性炭はアルカリ性を示すため、ヨウ素を添着させるときにヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンが生成されやすく、活性炭から溶出してしまう性質を有しているため、抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を長時間持続させることが困難である。 However, since activated carbon activated by water vapor is alkaline, iodine ions or iodic acid ions are easily generated when iodine is impregnated, and it has the property of eluting from activated carbon, so it has antibacterial and antiviral effects. It is difficult to sustain for a long time.

そこで、本発明は、ヨウ素が水中に溶出しないように樹脂多孔質体に定着させ、長時間抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を持続させることが可能なヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body capable of fixing iodine to a resin porous body so as not to elute in water and sustaining an antibacterial / antiviral effect for a long time. To do.

上記の課題を解決するために、本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体は、活性炭が混合された樹脂多孔質体と、前記活性炭に担持されるヨウ素と、を有し、前記樹脂多孔質体は、前記ヨウ素を担持するために前記活性炭が多孔構造内に表出した状態で一体化されており、前記ヨウ素は、水に溶出しない元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に担持される、ことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body of the present invention has a resin porous body mixed with activated carbon and iodine supported by the activated carbon, and the resin porous body has. The body is integrated with the activated carbon exposed in the porous structure in order to support the iodine, and the iodine is supported on the activated carbon in the state of elemental iodine that does not elute in water. It is characterized by.

また、前記ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体において、前記活性炭は、前記ヨウ素を元素状ヨウ素の状態で担持するために予めアルカリ成分が除去されている、ことを特徴とする。 Further, in the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body, the activated carbon is characterized in that the alkaline component is removed in advance in order to support the iodine in the state of elemental iodine.

また、前記ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体において、前記樹脂多孔質体は、PVA樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂又はポリオレフィン系樹脂の何れかからなる、ことを特徴とする。 Further, in the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body, the resin porous body is characterized in that it is made of either a PVA resin, a polyurethane-based resin or a polyolefin-based resin.

また、前記ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体において、前記活性炭の含有量は、活性炭含有多孔質体の1〜40wt%であり、前記ヨウ素の担持量は、活性炭含有多孔質体の1〜12wt%である、ことを特徴とする。 Further, in the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body, the content of the activated carbon is 1 to 40 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body, and the iodine-supported amount is 1 to 12 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body. It is characterized by being.

また、本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法は、賦活された活性炭をポリビニルアルコール水溶液に混在させ、気孔形成材、架橋剤及び触媒を添加することで前記活性炭が定着された樹脂多孔質体を生成し、前記樹脂多孔質体に一体化された前記活性炭に残留しているアルカリ成分を、前記活性炭にヨウ素を添着する際にヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンが生成されないように、予め酸処理することによって除去しておき、前記ヨウ素が空中に放出又は水中に溶出しないように、かつ微生物類を前記ヨウ素で不活化すべく前記活性炭へ吸着可能に、元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に添着する、ことを特徴とする。 Further, in the method for producing an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body according to the present invention, the activated carbon is mixed with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and a pore-forming material, a cross-linking agent and a catalyst are added to fix the activated carbon. A porous body is formed, and the alkaline component remaining in the activated carbon integrated with the resin porous body is previously prepared so that iodine ions or iodate ions are not generated when iodine is adsorbed on the activated carbon. The activated carbon is removed by acid treatment so that the iodine is not released into the air or eluted into water, and the activated carbon can be adsorbed on the activated carbon in order to inactivate the microorganisms with the iodine. It is characterized by being attached to.

また、前記ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法は、ヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンの状態にならないように、前記ヨウ素を昇華させて前記活性炭の細孔に吸着させることにより、元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に気相で添着する、ことを特徴とする。 Further, in the method for producing the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body, the iodine is sublimated and adsorbed in the pores of the activated carbon so as not to be in the state of iodine ion or iodine ion, so that the state of elemental iodine is obtained. It is characterized in that it is attached to the activated carbon in a vapor phase.

本発明によれば、活性炭を含む樹脂多孔質体に元素状ヨウ素を定着させることで、長時間抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を持続させることができる。活性炭に担持させるヨウ素の活性な状態を保持するとともに抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を長時間持続させることができる。ヨウ素を添着させる前に活性炭を酸処理しておくことで、活性炭に元素状ヨウ素を担持させることができる。活性炭からヨウ素が空気中に放出されず、かつ水中に溶出されないので、生体には非侵襲で、抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を長時間持続させることができる。ヨウ素担持活性炭を多孔質体に含有させることで、活性炭が粉末状又は粒状の場合でも、飛散しないように安定して保持することができる。 According to the present invention, the antibacterial / antiviral effect can be maintained for a long time by fixing the elemental iodine in the resin porous body containing activated carbon. The active state of iodine supported on activated carbon can be maintained, and the antibacterial and antiviral effects can be maintained for a long time. By acid-treating the activated carbon before imposing iodine, the activated carbon can support elemental iodine. Since iodine is not released into the air from activated carbon and is not eluted into water, it is non-invasive to the living body and the antibacterial and antiviral effects can be maintained for a long time. By containing the iodine-supported activated carbon in the porous body, even when the activated carbon is powdery or granular, it can be stably held so as not to scatter.

本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体におけるヨウ素担持活性炭の殺菌原理を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the sterilization principle of the iodine-supporting activated carbon in the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体におけるヨウ素担持用の活性炭の製造方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the activated carbon for carrying iodine in the porous body containing iodine carrying activated carbon which is this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体に担持されるヨウ素の化学形態を示す電位−pH図である。It is a potential-pH diagram which shows the chemical form of iodine supported on the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体におけるヨウ素担持活性炭の酸処理を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the acid treatment of the iodine-supporting activated carbon in the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の消毒効果について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the disinfection effect of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の酸処理による抗菌力向上について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the improvement of the antibacterial activity by the acid treatment of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の即効性と持続性について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the immediate effect and sustainability of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の防カビ効果について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the antifungal effect of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体のウイルス不活化能について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the virus inactivating ability of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention. 本発明であるヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体のヨウ素の溶出について試験した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having tested about the elution of iodine of the iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body of this invention.

以下に、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、同一機能を有するものは同一符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する場合がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Those having the same function may be designated by the same reference numerals, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted.

図1は、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法を示すフローチャートである。多孔質体は、スポンジなど内部に空隙を有するものであるが、本実施例では樹脂多孔質体とする。なお、炭素系多孔質体である活性炭を定着させた多孔質体を、活性炭含有多孔質体とする。さらに、ヨウ素を添着させた活性炭含有多孔質体を、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体とする。 FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for producing an iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body. The porous body has voids inside such as a sponge, but in this embodiment, it is a resin porous body. The porous body on which activated carbon, which is a carbon-based porous body, is fixed, is referred to as an activated carbon-containing porous body. Further, the activated carbon-containing porous body impregnated with iodine is designated as an iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body.

連続気孔を有する樹脂多孔質体としては、PVA樹脂多孔質体などがあり、吸水性や保水性に優れるとともに湿潤時に好ましい柔軟性や反発弾性を有し、且つ耐久性に優れる。PVA樹脂多孔質体では、反応後に気孔形成材を除去することによって気孔を形成するのが一般的である。 Examples of the resin porous body having continuous pores include a PVA resin porous body, which is excellent in water absorption and water retention, has preferable flexibility and rebound resilience when wet, and is excellent in durability. In the PVA resin porous body, it is common to form pores by removing the pore-forming material after the reaction.

活性炭含有多孔質体は、連続気孔が形成されたPVA樹脂多孔質体の全域に粉状又は粒状の活性炭を均等に混在させて定着することで、多孔質体と活性炭とが一体化したものであり、親水性、柔軟性、弾力性などに優れる。PVA樹脂多孔質体の特性を損なうことなく、活性炭の吸着性能が有効に発揮される。 The activated carbon-containing porous body is a PVA resin porous body in which continuous pores are formed, in which powdery or granular activated carbon is evenly mixed and fixed, so that the porous body and the activated carbon are integrated. Yes, it has excellent hydrophilicity, flexibility, and elasticity. The adsorption performance of activated carbon is effectively exhibited without impairing the characteristics of the PVA resin porous body.

活性炭の平均粒径は、0.01mm以上1.0mm以下とする。また、活性炭の含有量は、(活性炭の重量)/(PVA樹脂の重量+活性炭の重量)×100で表したときに、1〜40wt%が好ましい。PVA樹脂多孔質体の気孔率は、60容積%以上95容積%以下とし、75容積%以上95容積%以下が好ましい。気孔径は、5μm以上1500μm以下とし、50μm以上1000μm以下が好ましい。 The average particle size of activated carbon shall be 0.01 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. The content of activated carbon is preferably 1 to 40 wt% when expressed as (weight of activated carbon) / (weight of PVA resin + weight of activated carbon) × 100. The porosity of the PVA resin porous body is preferably 60% by volume or more and 95% by volume or less, and preferably 75% by volume or more and 95% by volume or less. The pore diameter is preferably 5 μm or more and 1500 μm or less, and preferably 50 μm or more and 1000 μm or less.

図1に示すように、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法としては、まず、PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)樹脂の水溶液に、賦活された活性炭の粉末と、気孔形成材と架橋剤及び触媒を配合し、十分に攪拌する。得られる混合液は、粘度が高く且つ活性炭の粉末を多量に含有するため、粘稠なスラリー状又はペースト状を呈する。気孔形成材としては、例えばデンプン又はその誘導体を始めとする有機質微粉末が好適である。具体的には、米、小麦、とうもろこし、馬鈴薯などから抽出されたデンプン又はこれらを加工したもの、又は分級したものが挙げられる。 As shown in FIG. 1, as a method for producing an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body, first, an activated carbon powder, a pore-forming material, a cross-linking agent, and a catalyst are mixed in an aqueous solution of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resin. And stir well. Since the obtained mixed solution has a high viscosity and contains a large amount of activated carbon powder, it exhibits a viscous slurry or paste. As the pore-forming material, for example, organic fine powder such as starch or a derivative thereof is suitable. Specific examples thereof include starch extracted from rice, wheat, corn, potatoes, etc., processed products thereof, or classified products.

次に、粘稠物(混合液)を所定の温度(例えば50〜100℃)の雰囲気にて静置し加温する。PVA樹脂の縮合反応が開始されると、当該粘稠物は徐々にゲル化し、次いで固化が始まるとともに、気孔形成材により多孔構造が形成される。PVA樹脂が多孔構造となることで、混合された活性炭が多孔構造内で表出される割合が増え、微生物類を吸着可能な面積が大きくなる。 Next, the viscous substance (mixed solution) is allowed to stand in an atmosphere of a predetermined temperature (for example, 50 to 100 ° C.) and heated. When the condensation reaction of the PVA resin is started, the viscous material gradually gels, then solidifies, and a porous structure is formed by the pore-forming material. When the PVA resin has a porous structure, the proportion of the mixed activated carbon expressed in the porous structure increases, and the area where microorganisms can be adsorbed increases.

固化完了後、洗浄して気孔形成材などを当該固化物から除去することで、粉粒状の活性炭が空気中又は水中に飛散しないように一体的に形成された樹脂多孔質体が生成される。活性炭の吸着能を維持した上で樹脂多孔質体に定着させるには、PVA樹脂が好適である。 After the solidification is completed, the pore-forming material and the like are removed from the solidified material by washing to generate a resin porous body integrally formed so that the powdered and granular activated carbon does not scatter in the air or water. PVA resin is suitable for fixing to the resin porous body while maintaining the adsorption capacity of activated carbon.

樹脂多孔質体に一体化された活性炭には、賦活時にアルカリ成分が残留している場合があるので、後で活性炭にヨウ素を添着する際にヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンが生成されないように、予め酸処理することによって除去する。なお、PVA樹脂と混合する前の段階で、予め活性炭に酸処理を施してアルカリ成分を除去しておいても良い。 Since the activated carbon integrated with the resin porous body may have an alkaline component remaining at the time of activation, in advance, iodine ions or iodic acid ions are not generated when iodine is attached to the activated carbon later. Removed by acid treatment. The activated carbon may be acid-treated in advance to remove the alkaline component before mixing with the PVA resin.

樹脂多孔質体と活性炭とが一体化された複合体を、ポリヨウ素溶液に浸漬又はヨウ素ガス雰囲気に置くことにより、アルカリ成分が除去された活性炭にヨウ素を担持させる。これを水洗いすることでヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体が製造される。必要に応じて乾燥させても良い。なお、複合体を生成する前に活性炭にヨウ素を担持させておくと、製造用原料により還元され失活してしまうため、複合体生成後に活性炭にヨウ素を担持させるのが好ましい。 By immersing the composite in which the resin porous body and the activated carbon are integrated in a polyiodine solution or placing it in an iodine gas atmosphere, iodine is carried on the activated carbon from which the alkaline component has been removed. By washing this with water, an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body is produced. It may be dried if necessary. If iodine is supported on the activated carbon before the complex is formed, it is reduced by the raw materials for production and inactivated. Therefore, it is preferable to support iodine on the activated carbon after the complex is formed.

ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体は、樹脂多孔質体の多孔構造により有効な表面積が大きくなり通気性及び通水性が確保されているので、含有活性炭にヨウ素が吸着されると共に、担持されたヨウ素で不活化対象の微生物類も吸着される。ヨウ素は、活性炭に物理的・化学的に強く保持され、空気中に放出又は水中に放出されないので、空気中だけでなく水中でも不活化能(抗菌性・抗ウイルス性)を有する。 Since the effective surface area of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body is increased by the porous structure of the resin porous body to ensure air permeability and water permeability, iodine is adsorbed on the iodine-supported activated carbon and the supported iodine is used. Microorganisms to be inactivated are also adsorbed. Iodine is physically and chemically strongly retained by activated carbon and is not released into the air or water, so it has an inactivating ability (antibacterial / antiviral) not only in the air but also in the water.

例えば、台所用スポンジなど水中での使用が激しい場合、2〜4ヶ月程度の使用可能期間を想定すると、ヨウ素の担持量は、活性炭含有多孔質体の5〜10wt%程度が好ましい。なお、車両や結露時の拭き取り用など使用条件が軽い場合は、活性炭含有多孔質体の1〜2wt%程度でも、半年から1年程度の寿命が見込める。 For example, in the case of intense use in water such as a kitchen sponge, the amount of iodine supported is preferably about 5 to 10 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous material, assuming a usable period of about 2 to 4 months. If the usage conditions are light, such as for wiping off a vehicle or dew condensation, a life of about half a year to one year can be expected even with about 1 to 2 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body.

図2は、ヨウ素担持活性炭の殺菌原理を示す図である。図3は、ヨウ素担持用の活性炭の製造方法を示す図である。図4は、ヨウ素担持活性炭に担持されるヨウ素の化学形態を示す電位−pH図である。図5は、ヨウ素担持活性炭にヨウ素を担持させる前に酸処理を行い、その後ヨウ素を添着する処理を説明する図である。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the sterilization principle of iodine-supported activated carbon. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a method for producing activated carbon for supporting iodine. FIG. 4 is a potential-pH diagram showing the chemical form of iodine supported on iodine-supported activated carbon. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a process of performing an acid treatment before carrying iodine on an iodine-supporting activated carbon, and then imposing iodine.

図2に示すように、活性炭含有多孔質体に含まれている活性炭300にヨウ素400を担持させることにより、活性炭300が吸着した微生物類200をヨウ素400によって不活化させる。 As shown in FIG. 2, by supporting iodine 400 on the activated carbon 300 contained in the activated carbon-containing porous body, the microorganisms 200 adsorbed by the activated carbon 300 are inactivated by the iodine 400.

微生物類200は、ウイルス、真菌(菌類)及び細菌類などである。ウイルスは、大きさが約50ナノメートル(nm)程度であり、(鳥)インフルエンザウイルスやノロウイルスやエボラ出血熱ウイルスや***ウイルスやヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)などがある。なお、ウイルスは定義上生物とは言えないが、微生物類200に含まれるものとする。真菌(カビ)は、大きさが約5マイクロメートル(μm)程度の菌類であり、白癬菌などがある。細菌類は、大きさが約1マイクロメートル(μm)程度であり、枯草菌や納豆菌など耐久性の高い芽胞菌や、結核菌や大腸菌やコレラ菌やサルモネラ菌などその他の一般細菌がある。 Microorganisms 200 are viruses, fungi (fungi), bacteria and the like. The virus has a size of about 50 nanometers (nm), and includes (bird) influenza virus, norovirus, Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the virus is not a living thing by definition, it is included in the microorganisms 200. The fungus (mold) is a fungus having a size of about 5 micrometers (μm), and includes ringworm. Bacteria are about 1 micrometer (μm) in size, and include highly durable spore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus natto, and other general bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Cholera, and Salmonella.

活性炭300が担持しているヨウ素400を人や動物等の生体へ侵襲させることなく、活性炭300の細孔が吸着した微生物類200をヨウ素400によって不活化する。なお、不活化は、微生物類200を死滅させ、感染力を失わせることである。具体的には、ヨウ素カチオンが生体内のタンパク質のアミノ酸残基であるシステインを酸化し、チロシンやヒスチジンをヨウ素化することでタンパク質を変質させる。不活化には、滅菌(ウイルス)、殺菌(ウイルス)、消毒、除菌(ウイルス)又は抗菌(ウイルス)等することを含むものとする。すなわち、ヨウ素400は、消毒薬や抗菌・抗ウイルス剤などとして機能する。 The microorganisms 200 adsorbed by the pores of the activated carbon 300 are inactivated by the iodine 400 without invading the living body such as a human or an animal with the iodine 400 carried by the activated carbon 300. Inactivation is to kill the microorganism 200 and lose its infectivity. Specifically, the iodine cation oxidizes cysteine, which is an amino acid residue of the protein in the living body, and iodinated tyrosine and histidine to alter the protein. Inactivation shall include sterilization (virus), sterilization (virus), disinfection, sterilization (virus) or antibacterial (virus). That is, iodine 400 functions as a disinfectant, an antibacterial / antiviral agent, and the like.

例えば、消毒薬には、ほとんどの芽胞菌まで効果のある高水準消毒薬、結核菌とほとんどの真菌とウイルスにも効果がある中水準消毒薬、及びほとんどの一般細菌といくつかの真菌とウイルスに効果がある低水準消毒薬がある。消毒薬に対する抵抗性は、強い方から芽胞菌、ウイルス、結核菌、一般細菌の順である。ヨウ素400は中水準消毒薬であり、ヨウ素400に対して耐久性のある一部の芽胞菌などを除く微生物類200に対して効果を有する。 For example, disinfectants include high-level disinfectants that are effective against most spore-forming bacteria, medium-level disinfectants that are effective against tubercle bacilli and most fungi and viruses, and most common bacteria and some fungi and viruses. There are low-level disinfectants that are effective against. Resistance to disinfectants is in the order of spore-forming bacteria, viruses, tubercle bacilli, and general bacteria from the strongest. Iodine 400 is a medium-level disinfectant and is effective against microorganisms 200 excluding some spore-forming bacteria that are resistant to iodine 400.

活性炭300は、やし殻、木材、石炭又は石油系の原料を炭化させ賦活することで多数の細孔を形成させたものであり、破砕して粉末状にしたものや、球状など粒状に成型したものがある。活性炭300には、1グラムあたり1500ミリグラム(mg/g)程度までヨウ素400を吸着可能である。例えば、ヨウ素吸着性能が1500mg/g以下のヤシ殻活性炭や、1200〜1350mg/gの石油系球状活性炭などがある。なお、木炭の場合は300〜400mg/gである。 Activated carbon 300 is formed by carbonizing and activating coconut shells, wood, coal, or petroleum-based raw materials to form a large number of pores, and is crushed into powder or formed into granules such as spheres. There is something that I did. The activated carbon 300 can adsorb iodine 400 up to about 1500 milligrams (mg / g) per gram. For example, there are coconut shell activated carbon having an iodine adsorption performance of 1500 mg / g or less, petroleum-based spherical activated carbon having an iodine adsorption performance of 1200 to 1350 mg / g, and the like. In the case of charcoal, it is 300 to 400 mg / g.

また、活性炭300は、細孔の入口が狭く深めの穴が多いものや、細孔の入口が広く浅めの穴が多いものがある。細孔には、直径2ナノメートル(nm)以下のミクロ孔、直径2〜50ナノメートル(nm)のメソ孔、及び直径50ナノメートル(nm)以上のマクロ孔があるが、平均が1〜5ナノメートル(nm)であることが好ましい。また、比表面積が1グラムあたり300〜2000平方メートル(m/g)であることが好ましい。 Further, the activated carbon 300 includes those having narrow pore inlets and many deep holes, and those having wide pore inlets and many shallow holes. The pores include micropores with a diameter of 2 nanometers (nm) or less, mesopores with a diameter of 2 to 50 nanometers (nm), and macropores with a diameter of 50 nanometers (nm) or more, with an average of 1 to 1. It is preferably 5 nanometers (nm). Further, the specific surface area is preferably 300 to 2000 square meters (m 2 / g) per gram.

図3に示すように、活性炭300の製造方法の例としては、まず、木材、石炭又はやし殻などの原料500を粉砕するなど予め処理しやすい形状や大きさに加工し、その原料500を約700〜800℃で酸素を遮断して加熱することにより炭化510させる。そして、約900〜1000℃で水蒸気(HO)等と反応させて賦活520し、不純物を取り除いて大きさを揃えるなど精製する。賦活により活性炭300に多数の細孔が形成され、吸着力が飛躍的に増大する。その後、活性炭300に酸処理530等のpH調整を行う。 As shown in FIG. 3, as an example of the method for producing the activated carbon 300, first, the raw material 500 such as wood, coal or coconut shell is crushed and processed into a shape and size that are easy to process in advance, and the raw material 500 is processed into a shape and size that are easy to process. Carbonization 510 is carried out by blocking oxygen and heating at about 700 to 800 ° C. Then, it reacted with water vapor (H 2 O), etc. activated 520 at about 900 to 1000 ° C., to remove the impurities to purify such uniform size. By activation, a large number of pores are formed in the activated carbon 300, and the adsorptive power is dramatically increased. After that, the pH of the activated carbon 300 is adjusted by acid treatment 530 or the like.

ヨウ素400を活性炭300に担持させる方法としては、まず、ヨウ素単体(I)をヨウ化カリウム(KI)水溶液又はヨウ化ナトリウム(NaI)水溶液に溶解して三ヨウ化物イオン(I )の状態にする。そこに活性炭300を含浸することで、活性炭300の細孔にヨウ素400が吸着され安定保持される。 As a method for supporting iodine 400 on the activated carbon 300, first, iodine alone (I 2 ) is dissolved in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide (KI) or an aqueous solution of sodium iodide (NaI) to produce triiodide ion (I 3 ). Put it in a state. By impregnating the activated carbon 300 there, iodine 400 is adsorbed in the pores of the activated carbon 300 and stably maintained.

三ヨウ化物イオン[I=I−I]は、ヨウ素単体(I=I)とヨウ化物イオン(I)により生成されたポリヨウ化物であり、複数結合したヨウ素400が活性炭300の触媒作用により、活性励起状態である元素状ヨウ素(I=II=I)の状態で活性炭300に担持される。 Triiodide [- I = I + -I - ] is iodine alone (- I = I +) and iodide ion (I -) is a polyiodide produced by a plurality bound iodine 400 activated carbon 300 by the catalytic action, elemental iodine is active excited state (- I = I + ⇔ + I = I -) is supported on the activated carbon 300 in the state.

また、ヨウ素400は常温、常圧で固体であるが、昇華性もあることから、ヨウ素400を気化させたヨウ素ガスを活性炭300に吸着させても良い。ヨウ素ガスは、原子間の結合が比較的弱いことから、高温で解離して単原子分子となることもあり、元素状ヨウ素(I)の状態で活性炭300に担持される。 Further, iodine 400 is a solid at normal temperature and pressure, but since it also has sublimation properties, iodine gas obtained by vaporizing iodine 400 may be adsorbed on the activated carbon 300. Since iodine gas has a relatively weak bond between atoms, it may dissociate at a high temperature to become a monatomic molecule, and is supported on the activated carbon 300 in the state of elemental iodine (I).

元素状ヨウ素は、活性炭300の細孔表面において、2〜3次元のマルチボンドのネットワークが形成された状態となる。元素状ヨウ素は、ヨウ素単体に紫外線を照射する等によって生成されるラジカル(I)と同様であり、化学的活性度の高い状態である。活性炭300の疎水性、親油性、さらに触媒特性を利用することにより、元素状ヨウ素が安定した状態で活性炭300に保持される。元素状ヨウ素には、ヨウ素400の単原子分子だけでなくヨウ素単体を含むものとする。 The elemental iodine is in a state in which a two- or three-dimensional multi-bond network is formed on the pore surface of the activated carbon 300. Elemental iodine is similar to radicals ( * I) generated by irradiating iodine alone with ultraviolet rays, and is in a state of high chemical activity. By utilizing the hydrophobicity, lipophilicity, and catalytic properties of the activated carbon 300, the elemental iodine is retained in the activated carbon 300 in a stable state. It is assumed that the elemental iodine contains not only the monatomic molecule of iodine 400 but also iodine alone.

ヨウ素400は、活性炭300の細孔において、ファンデルワールス力(分子間力結合)により分子吸着(共有結合)される。さらに、元素状ヨウ素の場合、複数の単原子分子がネットワーク状にマルチボンド(多重結合)することにより物理的・化学的に強く結合される。そのため、元素状ヨウ素は、化学的な活性度を長時間保ちながら、空気中に放出せず且つ水中にも溶出しない状態で、活性炭300に担持される。 Iodine 400 is molecularly adsorbed (covalently bonded) by van der Waals force (intermolecular force bond) in the pores of activated carbon 300. Further, in the case of elemental iodine, a plurality of monatomic molecules are physically and chemically strongly bonded by multibonding in a network shape. Therefore, the elemental iodine is supported on the activated carbon 300 in a state where it is not released into the air and is not eluted into the water while maintaining the chemical activity for a long time.

ヨウ素400の沸点は184℃であり、沸点以上でヨウ素400が活性炭300から揮発離脱する。使用済みの活性炭300からヨウ素400などを揮発させ、また賦活から繰り返してヨウ素400を添着させれば、ヨウ素担持活性炭として再利用可能である。活性炭300の細孔の閉塞や極端な還元作用が無い限り、ヨウ素400の殺菌力は持続する。なお、ヨウ素400には刺激臭があるが、活性炭300に担持された状態では、無味・無臭である。 The boiling point of iodine 400 is 184 ° C., and above the boiling point, iodine 400 volatilizes away from the activated carbon 300. If iodine 400 or the like is volatilized from the used activated carbon 300, and iodine 400 is repeatedly impregnated from the activation, it can be reused as an iodine-supporting activated carbon. The bactericidal activity of iodine 400 is maintained as long as the pores of the activated carbon 300 are not blocked or have an extreme reducing action. Although iodine 400 has a pungent odor, it is tasteless and odorless when supported on activated carbon 300.

ヨウ素400は、元素状ヨウ素(I)や原子状ヨウ素(I)の状態であれば殺菌力がかなり強いが、ヨウ素イオン(I)の状態であると殺菌力が無くなる。また、三ヨウ化物イオン(I )やヨウ素酸イオン(IO )や過ヨウ素酸イオン(IO )等の状態であると殺菌力は保持されるが、水溶性であるため水に溶解して拡散すればその殺菌力は減損する。そのため、ヨウ素400には、ヨウ素イオン(ヨウ化物イオン)、三ヨウ化物イオン及び(過)ヨウ素酸イオンの状態は含まないものとする。 Iodine 400 has a considerably strong bactericidal activity in the state of elemental iodine (I 2 ) or atomic iodine ( * I), but loses the bactericidal activity in the state of iodine ion (I ). The triiodide ion (I 3 -) or iodate (IO 3 -) or periodate ion (IO 4 -), but the sterilizing power is in a state such as is retained, the water because it is water-soluble If it dissolves in iodine and diffuses, its bactericidal activity is impaired. Therefore, iodine 400 does not include the states of iodine ion (iodide ion), triiodide ion, and (periodic acid ion).

図4に示すように、電位が還元状態である領域600では、ヨウ素イオンの状態になるため抗菌・抗ウイルスの効果がない。また、電位が極端な酸化状態である領域610では、ヨウ素酸イオン等の状態になるため酸化力(抗菌・抗ウイルスの効果)は強いが、水溶性であるため効果が長く持続しない。 As shown in FIG. 4, in the region 600 where the potential is in the reduced state, the iodine ion state is reached, so that there is no antibacterial / antiviral effect. Further, in the region 610 where the electric potential is in an extremely oxidized state, the oxidizing power (antibacterial / antiviral effect) is strong because it is in a state of iodate ion or the like, but the effect is not long-lasting because it is water-soluble.

図中、太線で囲んだ三角形状の灰色の領域620においては、pH(水素イオン濃度)が中性から酸性であれば元素状ヨウ素の状態が維持され、酸化力(抗菌・抗ウイルスの効果)もあり、水にも溶けにくいため効果が長く持続する。なお、pHがアルカリ性になるとヨウ素酸イオン又はヨウ素イオンの状態になるため効果の持続性が期待できない。 In the triangular gray region 620 surrounded by a thick line in the figure, if the pH (hydrogen ion concentration) is neutral to acidic, the state of elemental iodine is maintained, and the oxidizing power (antibacterial / antiviral effect). Because it is difficult to dissolve in water, the effect lasts for a long time. When the pH becomes alkaline, it becomes an iodic acid ion or an iodine ion state, so that the sustainability of the effect cannot be expected.

活性炭300の賦活には、塩化亜鉛(ZnCl)等の薬品を用いる方法と、原料を炭化して水蒸気で細孔を形成させる方法などがあるが(図3参照)、薬品賦活法には環境問題や腐食性などの問題があることから、水蒸気賦活法が多く利用されている。 Activation of activated carbon 300 includes a method using a chemical such as zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and a method of carbonizing the raw material to form pores with steam (see FIG. 3), but the chemical activation method includes the environment. Due to problems such as problems and corrosiveness, the steam activation method is often used.

図5(a)に示すように、水蒸気賦活法の場合、原料に含まれるアルカリ金属(ナトリウムやカリウム等)及びアルカリ土類金属(マグネシウムやカルシウム等)の灰分が残留するため、賦活後の活性炭300はアルカリ性(pH9〜10程度)を示す。具体的には、原料である炭素(C)に水蒸気(HO)が結合し、炭素表面に結合した水蒸気の分解により水素(H)が放出されると、炭素表面に留まった酸素(O)により一酸化炭素(CO)が生成されることで反応(賦活)が進行する。そして、残留するアルカリ成分410により活性炭300はアルカリ性となる。 As shown in FIG. 5A, in the case of the steam activation method, the ash content of alkali metals (sodium, potassium, etc.) and alkaline earth metals (magnesium, calcium, etc.) contained in the raw materials remains, so the activated carbon after activation 300 indicates alkaline (pH 9 to 10). Specifically, when water vapor (H 2 O) is bonded to carbon (C), which is a raw material, and hydrogen (H 2 ) is released by decomposition of water vapor bonded to the carbon surface, oxygen (H 2 O) remaining on the carbon surface ( The reaction (activation) proceeds by producing carbon monoxide (CO) by O). Then, the activated carbon 300 becomes alkaline due to the remaining alkaline component 410.

アルカリ性となった活性炭300にヨウ素400を添着させても抗菌・抗ウイルスの効果が弱いので、図5(b)に示すように、ヨウ素400を添着させる前に、塩酸、硫酸又は硝酸などの無機酸でアルカリ成分410を中和溶解させて活性炭300から除去する。そして、図5(c)に示すように、活性炭300にヨウ素400を添着させれば、活性炭300からヨウ素400の溶脱が抑制されるとともに、抗菌・抗ウイルスの効果が高い元素状ヨウ素の状態で活性炭300にヨウ素400が担持される。 Even if the alkaline activated carbon 300 is impregnated with iodine 400, the antibacterial and antiviral effects are weak. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), before the iodine 400 is impregnated, an inorganic substance such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid is used. The alkaline component 410 is neutralized and dissolved with an acid to be removed from the activated carbon 300. Then, as shown in FIG. 5C, when iodine 400 is impregnated with the activated carbon 300, leaching of iodine 400 from the activated carbon 300 is suppressed, and in the state of elemental iodine having a high antibacterial / antiviral effect. Iodine 400 is supported on the activated carbon 300.

ヨウ素担持活性炭は、低濃度(2〜5%程度)の酸、アルコール、有機溶剤に対しては耐久性が強いが、高濃度のアルカリ、アルコール、有機溶剤、還元剤に対しては耐久性が弱い。また、ヨウ素担持活性炭におけるヨウ素400の溶出性は、空気中に放出又は水中に溶出せず、水への溶解性は、ヨウ素イオン(I)として0.05%以下であり、ヨウ素単体(I)として0.05%以下である。 Iodine-supported activated carbon is highly durable against low concentrations (about 2 to 5%) of acids, alcohols, and organic solvents, but is durable against high concentrations of alkalis, alcohols, organic solvents, and reducing agents. weak. Further, the elution of iodine 400 in the iodine-supporting activated carbon is not released into the air or eluted in water, and the solubility in water is 0.05% or less as iodine ions (I ), and iodine alone (I). 2 ) is 0.05% or less.

ヨウ素単体(I)の水への溶解度は、20℃で0.03g/100mL(300ppm)であるが、活性炭300に元素状ヨウ素の状態で担持されると、10ppm以下とほぼ検出できないほどの低い溶解性となる。 The solubility of elemental iodine (I 2 ) in water is 0.03 g / 100 mL (300 ppm) at 20 ° C., but when it is supported on activated carbon 300 in the state of elemental iodine, it is almost undetectable at 10 ppm or less. It has low solubility.

また、ヨウ素担持活性炭は、金属腐食性が僅かであり、塩素に比べ低い。ヨウ素担持活性炭は、海水中でpH5程度(酸性)であり、海水に700日浸漬したステンレス鋼耐食性試験においても、pHの変化は少なく、金属腐食性も少ない結果が出ている。すなわち、ヨウ素担持活性炭の活性は、長時間持続するにもかかわらず、金属に対する腐食性が少ない。 In addition, iodine-supported activated carbon has little metal corrosiveness and is lower than chlorine. The iodine-supported activated carbon has a pH of about 5 (acidic) in seawater, and even in a stainless steel corrosion resistance test in which it was immersed in seawater for 700 days, the pH change was small and the metal corrosiveness was also small. That is, although the activity of the iodine-supported activated carbon lasts for a long time, it is less corrosive to metals.

ヨウ素担持活性炭にはヨウ素400が安定的に保持されており、ヨウ素担持活性炭から放出や溶出されるものはないので、周囲にあるものには影響を与えることなく、ヨウ素担持活性炭に吸着されたウイルス等だけをヨウ素400によって不活化させる。すなわち、人間や動物などの生体に対して非侵襲であり、ウイルス等の微生物類200を受動的に不活化する。 Iodine 400 is stably retained in the iodine-supporting activated carbon, and nothing is released or eluted from the iodine-supporting activated carbon. Therefore, the virus adsorbed on the iodine-supporting activated carbon without affecting the surroundings. Etc. are inactivated by iodine 400. That is, it is non-invasive to living organisms such as humans and animals, and passively inactivates microorganisms 200 such as viruses.

活性炭300におけるヨウ素400の担持量は、活性炭300の吸着能力とヨウ素400の不活化力とのバランスにより調整する。1グラムあたり1500ミリグラム(mg/g)以下のヨウ素400を担持可能な活性炭300に対して、ヨウ素400の不活化力と、活性炭300がウイルス等を吸着する能力とから、ヨウ素400の担持量を決めれば良い。 The amount of iodine 400 supported on the activated carbon 300 is adjusted by the balance between the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon 300 and the inactivating power of the iodine 400. The amount of iodine 400 supported is determined from the inactivating power of iodine 400 and the ability of the activated carbon 300 to adsorb viruses and the like with respect to the activated carbon 300 capable of supporting 1500 milligrams (mg / g) or less of iodine 400 per gram. Just decide.

例えば、100gの活性炭300に対し、30gのヨウ素400が担持された場合、活性炭300の残る吸着可能表面積の割合は約80%程度であり、また、ヨウ素400による不活化力の割合は約20%程度となる。ヨウ素400の殺菌力は強く、その飽和担持量に対し20%程度であっても十分な不活化力を有する。ヨウ素400が少なくても不活化力が期待できる場合は、ヨウ素400の担持率を低くして、ウイルス等の吸着能力を上げれば良い。 For example, when 30 g of iodine 400 is supported on 100 g of activated carbon 300, the ratio of the remaining adsorbable surface area of the activated carbon 300 is about 80%, and the ratio of the inactivating power of iodine 400 is about 20%. It becomes a degree. Iodine 400 has a strong bactericidal activity and has a sufficient inactivating ability even if it is about 20% of the saturated supported amount. If the inactivating power can be expected even if the amount of iodine 400 is small, the carrying ratio of iodine 400 may be lowered to increase the adsorption capacity of viruses and the like.

ヨウ素400の担持量を少なくして、活性炭300の吸着能力が充分に残っている状態にしても良いし、ヨウ素400の担持量を多くして、強い不活化効果のある状態にしても良い。ただし、ヨウ素400の担持量が多すぎると、ヨウ素担持活性炭にウイルス等を吸着可能な表面積の割合が少なくなる。なお、鳥インフルエンザウイルスを不活化させる場合の担持量は、100〜500mg/g程度が好ましい。 The amount of iodine 400 supported may be reduced so that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon 300 remains sufficiently, or the amount of iodine 400 supported may be increased so that the activated carbon 300 has a strong inactivating effect. However, if the amount of iodine 400 supported is too large, the proportion of the surface area on which the virus or the like can be adsorbed on the iodine-supported activated carbon decreases. The amount carried when inactivating the avian influenza virus is preferably about 100 to 500 mg / g.

図6〜10は、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体について試験した結果を示す図である。図6では、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の抗菌性を寒天培地平板試験によって評価する。標準寒天培地が固化した後の表面に大腸菌溶液を綿棒で塗布し、中性の活性炭(AC)を1wt%、3wt%、5wt%含有する板状スポンジ(PVA樹脂多孔質体に活性炭を定着させた活性炭含有多孔質体)に、ヨウ素を40wt%、80wt%の濃度で添着し、3回水洗したものを置き、37℃で19時間培養した。 FIGS. 6 to 10 are views showing the results of tests on an iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body. In FIG. 6, the antibacterial property of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body is evaluated by an agar medium plate test. After the standard agar medium has solidified, the Escherichia coli solution is applied with a cotton swab to fix the activated carbon on a plate-shaped sponge (PVA resin porous body) containing 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% of neutral activated carbon (AC). The activated carbon-containing porous body) was impregnated with iodine at a concentration of 40 wt% and 80 wt%, washed with water three times, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 19 hours.

図6に示すように、含有活性炭が3wt%でヨウ素濃度が40wt%のとき、阻止円は評価0.5であり、このときのヨウ素は、活性炭含有多孔質体の質量の1.2wt%である。含有活性炭が3wt%でヨウ素濃度が80wt%のとき、阻止円は評価3であり、このときのヨウ素は、活性炭含有多孔質体の質量の2.4wt%である。含有活性炭が5wt%でヨウ素濃度が40wt%のとき、阻止円は評価3であり、このときのヨウ素は、活性炭含有多孔質体の質量の2.0wt%である。含有活性炭が5wt%でヨウ素濃度が80wt%のとき、阻止円は評価4であり、このときのヨウ素は、活性炭含有多孔質体の質量の4.0wt%である。 As shown in FIG. 6, when the contained activated carbon is 3 wt% and the iodine concentration is 40 wt%, the blocking circle is evaluated at 0.5, and the iodine at this time is 1.2 wt% of the mass of the activated carbon-containing porous body. is there. When the contained activated carbon is 3 wt% and the iodine concentration is 80 wt%, the blocking circle is evaluation 3, and the iodine at this time is 2.4 wt% of the mass of the activated carbon-containing porous body. When the contained activated carbon is 5 wt% and the iodine concentration is 40 wt%, the blocking circle is the evaluation 3, and the iodine at this time is 2.0 wt% of the mass of the activated carbon-containing porous body. When the contained activated carbon is 5 wt% and the iodine concentration is 80 wt%, the blocking circle is evaluated as 4, and the iodine at this time is 4.0 wt% of the mass of the activated carbon-containing porous body.

すなわち、PVA樹脂多孔質体に混在させる活性炭の量が少なくても、活性炭に担持させたヨウ素が活性炭含有多孔質体の重量の2wt%以上存在すれば評価3以上の阻止円を確認することができる。 That is, even if the amount of activated carbon mixed in the PVA resin porous body is small, if the iodine carried on the activated carbon is present in an amount of 2 wt% or more of the weight of the activated carbon-containing porous body, a blocking circle with a rating of 3 or more can be confirmed. it can.

図7では、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の酸処理による抗菌力向上について確認する。ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体(ヨード活性炭PVAスポンジ)を酸処理してpH5以下にしたものと、アルカリ処理してpH9以上にしたものを作製し、それぞれハロー試験を行って阻止円の大きさを比較した。 In FIG. 7, it is confirmed that the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body is improved in antibacterial activity by acid treatment. Iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous material (iodine activated carbon PVA sponge) was acid-treated to a pH of 5 or less, and alkali-treated to a pH of 9 or more. A halo test was performed on each to determine the size of the blocking circle. Compared.

図7に示すように、アルカリ処理した方は、ハロー(菌の発育阻止帯)が発現しないが、酸処理した方は、活性炭に含まれるヨウ素濃度が10〜30wt%(活性炭含有多孔質体の4〜12wt%)の場合にハローが発現した。すなわち、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体に対して酸処理を行うことにより、抗菌力を向上させることができる。 As shown in FIG. 7, the alkali-treated one does not express halo (bacterial growth inhibition zone), but the acid-treated one has an iodine concentration of 10 to 30 wt% (activated carbon-containing porous material). Hello was expressed in the case of 4 to 12 wt%). That is, the antibacterial activity can be improved by subjecting the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body to an acid treatment.

図8では、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の即効性と持続性を確認する。ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体を用いたフィルター(ヨード活性炭スポンジフィルター)に連続通水を行い、スポット的に10〜10CFU(コロニー形成単位)/mLレベルの一般生菌溶液を1mL注入し通水した。菌の定量は、経時的にサンプリングした通水液を適宜希釈し、標準寒天培地にて37℃で18時間以上培養して、一般生菌のコロニーをカウントした。 In FIG. 8, the immediate effect and durability of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body are confirmed. Continuously pass water through a filter (iodine activated carbon sponge filter) using an iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body, and inject 1 mL of a general viable cell solution at a spot of 10 4 to 5 CFU (colony forming unit) / mL. Water was passed. For the quantification of bacteria, the water passage sampled over time was appropriately diluted and cultured on a standard agar medium at 37 ° C. for 18 hours or more, and colonies of general viable bacteria were counted.

図8に示すように、一般生菌溶液を通水し、ヨード活性炭スポンジフィルターを通過した液の一般生菌数が短時間で減少され、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の即効性が確認された。また、ヨード活性炭スポンジフィルターの体積の約10万倍量を通水しても抗菌力を失っておらず、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の持続性が確認された。すなわち、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体は、水環境利用において、抗菌力が容易に溶脱せず、長期に効果を発揮できる。 As shown in FIG. 8, the number of general viable cells in the solution passed through the iodine activated carbon sponge filter was reduced in a short time, and the immediate effect of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body was confirmed. .. In addition, the antibacterial activity was not lost even when water was passed about 100,000 times the volume of the iodine activated carbon sponge filter, and the sustainability of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body was confirmed. That is, the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body does not easily leached its antibacterial activity when used in an aquatic environment, and can exert its effect for a long period of time.

図9では、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の防カビ効果を確認する。室温で湿度90%以上の密閉空間の中に4つのスポンジ(ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体)を滅菌シャーレに蓋をせず静置して、スポンジ全面に黒コウジカビを噴霧した。なお、試験加速のために、栄養となる寒天培地溶液を噴霧した。 In FIG. 9, the antifungal effect of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body is confirmed. Four sponges (porous material containing iodine-supporting activated carbon) were allowed to stand in a closed space at room temperature and humidity of 90% or more without a lid on a sterilized petri dish, and black sponge mold was sprayed on the entire surface of the sponges. In addition, in order to accelerate the test, a nutrient agar medium solution was sprayed.

図9に示すように、活性炭を含有しないスポンジは5日後にカビが確認された。含有活性炭が10%でヨウ素濃度が0wt%のときは25日後にカビが確認された。含有活性炭が10%でヨウ素濃度が30wt%(活性炭含有多孔質体の3wt%)のときは36日後にカビが確認された。含有活性炭が20%でヨウ素濃度が30wt%(活性炭含有多孔質体の6wt%)のときは、カビは確認されなかった。すなわち、活性炭含有多孔質体の重量の6%以上ヨウ素が含有されていれば、1ヶ月以上カビの発現を阻止することができる。 As shown in FIG. 9, mold was confirmed on the sponge containing no activated carbon after 5 days. When the contained activated carbon was 10% and the iodine concentration was 0 wt%, mold was confirmed after 25 days. When the contained activated carbon was 10% and the iodine concentration was 30 wt% (3 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body), mold was confirmed after 36 days. When the contained activated carbon was 20% and the iodine concentration was 30 wt% (6 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body), no mold was confirmed. That is, if iodine is contained in an amount of 6% or more by the weight of the activated carbon-containing porous body, the development of mold can be prevented for one month or more.

図10では、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体のウイルス不活化能を確認する。実験材料として、(1)含有活性炭が20wt%のPVAスポンジ(RefAC20wt%)、(2)含有活性炭が10wt%でヨウ素濃度が30wt%(活性炭含有多孔質体の3wt%)のPVAスポンジ(AC10wt%+Iod30%)、及び(3)含有活性炭が20wt%でヨウ素濃度が20wt%(活性炭含有多孔質体の4wt%)のPVAスポンジ(AC20wt%+Iod20%)を用いた。 In FIG. 10, the virus inactivating ability of the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body is confirmed. As experimental materials, (1) PVA sponge containing 20 wt% of activated carbon (RefAC 20 wt%), (2) PVA sponge containing 10 wt% of activated carbon and iodine concentration of 30 wt% (3 wt% of activated carbon-containing porous body) (AC 10 wt%) + Iod 30%) and (3) PVA sponge (AC 20 wt% + Iod 20%) having an activated carbon content of 20 wt% and an iodine concentration of 20 wt% (4 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body) were used.

鳥インフルエンザウイルスA/swan/Shimane/499/83(H5N3)株を10日齢発育鶏卵の尿膜腔内に接種し、35℃にて2日間培養した後、尿膜腔液を採取してウイルス液とした。ウイルス液は、50%発育鶏卵感染価(EID50)を算出し、PBSにて約107.5EID50/0.2mLに調製したものを用いた。 Avian influenza virus A / swan / Shimane / 499/83 (H5N3) strain was inoculated into the allantois cavity of a 10-day-old growing chicken egg, cultured at 35 ° C. for 2 days, and then the allantois cavity fluid was collected to obtain the virus. It was made into a liquid. Virus solution was calculated 50% embryonated eggs infectivity titer (EID 50), it was used to prepare approximately 107.5EID 50 /0.2mL at PBS.

実験材料(1)〜(3)について、200μLのウイルス液を染み込ませ、室温にて10分間反応させた。反応後、SCDLP培地を加えて10倍希釈し、反応を終了させた。PBSにて10倍段階希釈し、希釈段階毎に3個の10日齢発育鶏卵尿膜腔内に0.2mL宛接種し、35℃で2日間培養した。培養後、尿膜腔液を採取し、0.5%鶏赤血球浮遊液と反応させ、赤血球の凝集によりウイルス増殖の有無を判定した。残存ウイルス力価は、Reed and Muenchの方法によりEID50を算出した。 The experimental materials (1) to (3) were impregnated with 200 μL of virus solution and reacted at room temperature for 10 minutes. After the reaction, SCDLP medium was added and diluted 10-fold to terminate the reaction. It was diluted 10-fold with PBS, and 0.2 mL was inoculated into the allantois cavity of three 10-day-old embryos in each dilution stage, and cultured at 35 ° C. for 2 days. After culturing, the allantois cavity fluid was collected and reacted with 0.5% chicken erythrocyte suspension, and the presence or absence of viral replication was determined by the aggregation of erythrocytes. The residual virus titer was calculated as EID 50 by the method of Red and Muench.

PVAスポンジは大きさが約0.8cmの厚みで1.2cm角に切断されたもので、水気を絞った状態では約0.3g、1mLの水を含むことを確認したので、200μLのウイルス液と反応させて実験を行った。 The PVA sponge was cut into 1.2 cm squares with a thickness of about 0.8 cm, and it was confirmed that it contained about 0.3 g and 1 mL of water when the water was squeezed, so 200 μL of virus solution was confirmed. The experiment was conducted by reacting with.

図10に示すように、ヨウ素担持活性炭を含んだPVAスポンジ(AC10wt%+Iod30%)及び(AC20wt%+Iod20%)は、残存ウイルス力価を検出限界以下に減少させた。すなわち、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体は、ウイルスを短時間で不活化したことが確認された。 As shown in FIG. 10, PVA sponges (AC 10 wt% + Iod 30%) and (AC 20 wt% + Iod 20%) containing iodine-supporting activated carbon reduced the residual virus titer below the detection limit. That is, it was confirmed that the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body inactivated the virus in a short time.

図11は、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体のヨウ素の溶出について試験した結果を示す図である。PVAスポンジに含有されたヨウ素担持活性炭におけるヨウ素の化学形態は、元素状ヨウ素(I)である。これを確認するために、ヨウ素担持活性炭に有機溶媒を混合し、ヨウ素担持活性炭に含まれる元素状ヨウ素(I)を溶出させることで、溶媒の種類によって色調の異なる黄色〜赤色を呈することを利用する。 FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the results of a test on the elution of iodine in the iodine-supported activated carbon-containing porous body. The chemical form of iodine in the iodine-bearing activated carbon contained in the PVA sponge is elemental iodine (I 2 ). In order to confirm this, by mixing an organic solvent with the iodine-supporting activated carbon and eluting the elemental iodine (I 2 ) contained in the iodine-supporting activated carbon, it is possible to exhibit a yellow to red color tone different depending on the type of solvent. Use.

図11(a)に示すように、活性炭の重量の30%のヨウ素を担持させたヨウ素担持活性炭(IodAC30)にその10倍量の有機溶媒(図中、左から四塩化炭素CCl、トルエンC、キシレンC10、エチルアルコールCO、アセトンCOの5種類)をそれぞれ加えた。 As shown in FIG. 11 (a), 10 times the amount of organic solvent (carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 , toluene C from the left in the figure) is added to iodine-supported activated carbon (IdAC30) carrying 30% of the weight of the activated carbon. 5 types of 7 H 8 , xylene C 8 H 10 , ethyl alcohol C 2 H 6 O, and acetone C 3 H 6 O) were added, respectively.

図11(b)に示すように、呈色した溶媒相について紫外可視(UV−VIS)分光分析法でスペクトルデータを測定した。ヨウ素の有機溶媒溶出液のVIS(可視光領域)スペクトル測定法により、活性炭中に含まれる形態が元素状ヨウ素(I)であることが確認できる。 As shown in FIG. 11 (b), spectral data of the colored solvent phase was measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. It can be confirmed by the VIS (visible light region) spectrum measurement method of the organic solvent eluate of iodine that the form contained in the activated carbon is elemental iodine (I 2 ).

本発明によれば、活性炭を含む樹脂多孔質体に元素状ヨウ素を定着させることで、長時間抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を持続させることができる。活性炭に担持させるヨウ素の活性な状態を保持するとともに抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を長時間持続させることができる。ヨウ素を添着させる前に活性炭を酸処理しておくことで、活性炭に元素状ヨウ素を担持させることができる。活性炭からヨウ素が空気中に放出されず、かつ水中に溶出されないので、生体には非侵襲で、抗菌・抗ウイルス効果を長時間持続させることができる。ヨウ素担持活性炭を多孔質体に含有させることで、活性炭が粉末状又は粒状の場合でも、飛散しないように安定して保持することができる。 According to the present invention, the antibacterial / antiviral effect can be maintained for a long time by fixing the elemental iodine in the resin porous body containing activated carbon. The active state of iodine supported on activated carbon can be maintained, and the antibacterial and antiviral effects can be maintained for a long time. By acid-treating the activated carbon before imposing iodine, the activated carbon can support elemental iodine. Since iodine is not released into the air from activated carbon and is not eluted into water, it is non-invasive to the living body and the antibacterial and antiviral effects can be maintained for a long time. By containing the iodine-supported activated carbon in the porous body, even when the activated carbon is powdery or granular, it can be stably held so as not to scatter.

以上、本発明の実施例を述べたが、これらに限定されるものではない。例えば、多孔質体としては、PVA樹脂多孔質体の他に、ポリウレタンやポリオレフィンなどがある。ポリウレタンの場合は、原料となるポリウレタン系樹脂と気孔形成材を予め混合分散し、粘土状に混練し、所定形状の成形し、得られた成形物から気孔形成材を抽出除去することにより、樹脂多孔質体であるスポンジを製造する。 Examples of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, examples of the porous body include polyurethane and polyolefin in addition to the PVA resin porous body. In the case of polyurethane, a polyurethane resin as a raw material and a pore-forming material are mixed and dispersed in advance, kneaded into a clay, molded into a predetermined shape, and the pore-forming material is extracted and removed from the obtained molded product to obtain a resin. Manufactures a sponge that is a porous body.

また、ポリオレフィンの場合は、原料となるポリオレフィン系樹脂と気孔形成材を加熱混練した上で、所定形状に成形し、冷却し、得られた成形物から気孔形成材を抽出除去することにより、樹脂多孔質体であるスポンジを製造する。 In the case of polyolefin, the raw material polyolefin resin and pore-forming material are heat-kneaded, molded into a predetermined shape, cooled, and the pore-forming material is extracted and removed from the obtained molded product to remove the resin. Manufactures a sponge that is a porous body.

ポリウレタン系樹脂と気孔形成材を混合分散する際、又はポリオレフィン系樹脂と気孔形成材を加熱混練する際に、酸処理を施した活性炭を混合しておき、スポンジ状の樹脂多孔質体を一体的に形成する。そして、活性炭が定着された樹脂多孔質体にヨウ素を担持させることで、ヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体が得られる。 When the polyurethane resin and the pore-forming material are mixed and dispersed, or when the polyolefin resin and the pore-forming material are heat-kneaded, the acid-treated activated carbon is mixed to integrally integrate the sponge-like resin porous body. To form. Then, by supporting iodine on the resin porous body on which the activated carbon is fixed, an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body can be obtained.

200:微生物類
300:活性炭
400:ヨウ素
410:アルカリ成分
500:原料
510:炭化
520:賦活
530:酸処理
600:領域(ヨウ素イオン)
610:領域(ヨウ素酸イオン)
620:領域(元素状ヨウ素)
200: Microorganisms 300: Activated carbon 400: Iodine 410: Alkaline component 500: Raw material 510: Carbonization 520: Activation 530: Acid treatment 600: Region (iodine ion)
610: Region (iodate ion)
620: Region (elemental iodine)

Claims (6)

活性炭が混合された樹脂多孔質体と、
前記活性炭に担持されるヨウ素と、を有し、
前記樹脂多孔質体は、前記ヨウ素を担持するために前記活性炭が多孔構造内に表出した状態で一体化されており、
前記ヨウ素は、水に溶出しない元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に担持される、
ことを特徴とするヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体。
A resin porous body mixed with activated carbon and
It has iodine supported on the activated carbon and
The resin porous body is integrated with the activated carbon exposed in the porous structure in order to support the iodine.
The iodine is supported on the activated carbon in the state of elemental iodine that does not elute into water.
An iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body.
前記活性炭は、前記ヨウ素を元素状ヨウ素の状態で担持するために予めアルカリ成分が除去されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体。
The activated carbon has an alkaline component removed in advance in order to support the iodine in the state of elemental iodine.
The iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body according to claim 1.
前記樹脂多孔質体は、PVA樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂又はポリオレフィン系樹脂の何れかからなる、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体。
The resin porous body is made of any of PVA resin, polyurethane resin or polyolefin resin.
The iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body according to claim 1 or 2.
前記活性炭の含有量は、活性炭含有多孔質体の1〜40wt%であり、
前記ヨウ素の担持量は、活性炭含有多孔質体の1〜12wt%である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか一に記載のヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体。
The content of the activated carbon is 1 to 40 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body.
The amount of iodine supported is 1 to 12 wt% of the activated carbon-containing porous body.
The iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
賦活された活性炭をポリビニルアルコール水溶液に混在させ、気孔形成材、架橋剤及び触媒を添加することで前記活性炭が定着された樹脂多孔質体を生成し、
前記樹脂多孔質体に一体化された前記活性炭に残留しているアルカリ成分を、前記活性炭にヨウ素を添着する際にヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンが生成されないように、予め酸処理することによって除去しておき、
前記ヨウ素が空中に放出又は水中に溶出しないように、かつ微生物類を前記ヨウ素で不活化すべく前記活性炭へ吸着可能に、元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に添着する、
ことを特徴とするヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法。
Activated carbon is mixed with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and a pore-forming material, a cross-linking agent, and a catalyst are added to form a resin porous body in which the activated carbon is fixed.
The alkaline component remaining in the activated carbon integrated with the resin porous body is removed by acid treatment in advance so that iodine ions or iodic acid ions are not generated when iodine is attached to the activated carbon. Aside,
It is attached to the activated carbon in the state of elemental iodine so that the iodine is not released into the air or eluted in water and can be adsorbed to the activated carbon in order to inactivate microorganisms with the iodine.
A method for producing an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body.
ヨウ素イオン又はヨウ素酸イオンの状態にならないように、前記ヨウ素を昇華させて前記活性炭の細孔に吸着させることにより、元素状ヨウ素の状態で前記活性炭に気相で添着する、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のヨウ素担持活性炭含有多孔質体の製造方法。
By sublimating the iodine and adsorbing it in the pores of the activated carbon so as not to be in the state of iodine ion or iodic acid ion, the activated carbon is attached to the activated carbon in the state of elemental iodine in a gas phase.
The method for producing an iodine-supporting activated carbon-containing porous body according to claim 5.
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