JP2020526907A - 水性溶存酸素を使用した電気化学電力システム - Google Patents
水性溶存酸素を使用した電気化学電力システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020526907A JP2020526907A JP2020511799A JP2020511799A JP2020526907A JP 2020526907 A JP2020526907 A JP 2020526907A JP 2020511799 A JP2020511799 A JP 2020511799A JP 2020511799 A JP2020511799 A JP 2020511799A JP 2020526907 A JP2020526907 A JP 2020526907A
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229940096118 ella Drugs 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- JCAULFRGWRHHIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-henicosafluorodecane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Br JCAULFRGWRHHIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WTWWXOGTJWMJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N perflubron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Br WTWWXOGTJWMJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001217 perflubron Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQELDDKOSOQCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoyl bromide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Br)=O WQELDDKOSOQCBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910006715 Li—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019080 Mg-H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019092 Mg-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019395 Mg—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910014142 Na—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001423 beryllium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
- H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
- C01B13/0251—Physical processing only by making use of membranes
- C01B13/0255—Physical processing only by making use of membranes characterised by the type of membrane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/70—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte
- H01M50/77—Arrangements for stirring or circulating the electrolyte with external circulating path
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、その開示全体が、参照することによってその全体として本明細書に記載されている場合と同様に本明細書に組み込まれる、2017年7月12日に出願された、米国仮出願第62/531,418号の優先権を主張する。
本デバイスは、金属アノードと、カソードと、カソードおよびアノードを囲繞するように構成される、封入された電解質であって、電解質は、電気化学デバイスを囲繞する水性周囲環境から分離され、電解質は、アノード液と、カソード液とを備える、電解質と、水性周囲環境から酸素を抽出するように構成される、選択的酸素透過性膜と、カソード液流動ループと別個である、アノード液流動ループとを含み、電気化学デバイスは、カソード液に酸素を搬送し、カソードに酸化されたカソード液を搬送し、カソードにおいて、酸素を還元し、金属アノードにおいて、金属を酸化させ、電流を発生させるように構成される。
M+3OH−→M(OH)3+3e−
であり得る(式中、Mは、いくつかの実施形態では、アルミニウム等の金属を表す)。周期あたりのアノード酸化プロセスにおいて使用される、水酸化物分子の数は、使用される金属のタイプに依存する。一般化された金属Mに関して、アノードにおける半反応は、
M+nOH−→M(OH)n+ne−
であり得、エネルギーの異なる量が、酸化プロセスにおいて生産され得る。アノードは、外部回路に電子を放出する。
3/4O2+3/2H2O+3e−→3OH−
であり得る(式中、H2OおよびO2は、最初に、電解質115中に存在し、電子が、アノードにおいて半反応から生じる)。実施形態では、O2は、カソードにおいてH2Oを用いて共還元される。実施形態では、H2O:O2の還元の比率は、2:1である。
Claims (20)
- 電流を発生させる方法であって、
電気化学システムを囲繞する水性周囲環境から酸素を抽出することと、
前記電気化学システム内のアノードおよびカソードを囲繞するように構成される封入された電解質に、選択的酸素透過性膜を通して、前記抽出された酸素を搬送することであって、前記電解質は、前記水性周囲環境から分離される、ことと、
前記カソードに酸化された電解質を搬送することと、
前記カソードにおいて、前記酸素を還元することと、
前記アノードにおいて、金属を酸化させることと
を含む、方法。 - 前記電解質は、7.40を超えるpHを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電解質から金属水酸化物廃棄物を抽出することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記膜は、塩選択性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードは、Li、Mg、Na、Zn、およびAlのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記システムは、複数の選択的酸素透過性膜を備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水性周囲環境は、海水を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポンプが、前記カソードに前記酸化された電解質を能動的に搬送する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化された電解質は、前記カソードに受動的に搬送される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- マルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイスであって、
金属アノードと、
カソードと、
前記カソードおよび前記アノードを囲繞するように構成される封入された電解質であって、前記電解質は、前記電気化学デバイスを囲繞する水性周囲環境から分離される、電解質と、
前記水性周囲環境から酸素を抽出するように構成される選択的酸素透過性膜と
を備え、前記電気化学デバイスは、
前記電解質に前記酸素を搬送することと、
前記カソードに酸化された電解質を搬送することと、
前記カソードにおいて、前記酸素を還元することと、
前記金属アノードにおいて、金属を酸化させることと、
電流を発生させることと
を行うように構成される、マルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。 - 前記電解質は、7.40を上回るpHを有する、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記膜は、塩選択性である、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記アノードは、Li、Mg、Na、Zn、およびAlのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 複数の選択的酸素透過性膜をさらに備える、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記水性周囲環境は、海水を含む、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記カソードに前記酸化された電解質を能動的に搬送するように構成されるポンプをさらに備える、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記酸化された電解質は、前記カソードに受動的に搬送される、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記セルは、電気的に直列に配列される、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- 前記セルは、流体的に並列に配列される、請求項10に記載のマルチセル金属溶存酸素電気化学デバイス。
- マルチセル電気化学デバイスであって、
金属アノードと、
カソードと、
前記カソードおよび前記アノードを囲繞するように構成される封入された電解質であって、
前記電解質は、前記電気化学デバイスを囲繞する水性周囲環境から分離され、
前記電解質は、アノード液と、カソード液とを備える、電解質と、
前記水性周囲環境から酸素を抽出するように構成される選択的酸素透過性膜と、
カソード液流動ループと別個であるアノード液流動ループと
を備え、前記電気化学デバイスは、
前記カソード液に前記酸素を搬送することと、
前記カソードに酸化されたカソード液を搬送することと、
前記カソードにおいて、前記酸素を還元することと、
前記金属アノードにおいて、金属を酸化させることと、
電流を発生させることと
を行うように構成される、マルチセル電気化学デバイス。
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