JP2020163443A - Manufacturing method of circular material - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of circular material Download PDF

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JP2020163443A
JP2020163443A JP2019067672A JP2019067672A JP2020163443A JP 2020163443 A JP2020163443 A JP 2020163443A JP 2019067672 A JP2019067672 A JP 2019067672A JP 2019067672 A JP2019067672 A JP 2019067672A JP 2020163443 A JP2020163443 A JP 2020163443A
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outer peripheral
peripheral portion
mold
circular
die
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JP7167820B2 (en
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充弘 岡本
Michihiro Okamoto
充弘 岡本
憲司 田村
Kenji Tamura
憲司 田村
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Abstract

To provide a manufacturing method of a circular material which can suppress an underfill.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method of a circular material includes a preparation process and a forging process. In the preparation process, a pre-forming material (2), having a disc part (21) and an outer peripheral part (22) which is connected to an outer peripheral edge (211) of the disc part (21) and is thicker than the disc part (21), is prepared. In the forging process, the pre-forming material (2) is forged by a die (3) having an upper die (31) and first and second lower dies (32, 33). The forging process includes a restraining process and a bending process. In the restraining process, the disc part (21) is placed on the first lower die (32), and the upper die (31) is descended in a state the outer peripheral part (22) is opposite to the second lower die (33) to sandwich the outer peripheral part (22) by the second lower die (33) and the upper die (31). In the bending process, the upper die (31) is further descended and is made to reach a bottom dead center after the restraining process, and the disc part (21) of the pre-forming material (2) is bent by the upper die (31) and the first lower die (32).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

本開示は、円形材の製造方法に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a circular material.

鉄道用車輪、ギア、リング等といった円形材は、例えば、次のように製造される。初めに、ビレットを加熱する。加熱されたビレットに対して１回以上の鍛造を実施し、予成形材を成形する。予成形材に対して仕上げ圧延、仕上げ鍛造等を施し、予成形材を所定の外形及び寸法に成形する。その後、必要に応じて熱処理、機械加工等を実施して、円形材を得る。 Circular materials such as railroad wheels, gears, rings, etc. are manufactured, for example, as follows. First, heat the billet. The heated billet is forged at least once to form a preformed material. The preformed material is subjected to finish rolling, finish forging, etc. to form the preformed material into a predetermined outer shape and dimensions. Then, if necessary, heat treatment, machining, etc. are performed to obtain a circular material.

例えば、特許文献１は、エアコン用コンプレッサのスクロール部品である円形材の製造方法を開示する。この方法では、アルミニウム合金丸棒を据え込み加工して予成形材を成形し、パンチ及びダイスを用いてこの予成形材を鍛造する。予成形材は、パンチにより、スクロール部品の羽根部を成形するためのダイス空間に押し込まれる。予成形材において羽根部が成長している途中で、この羽根部に対し、成長方向と反対方向の背圧が付与される。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing a circular material which is a scroll part of a compressor for an air conditioner. In this method, an aluminum alloy round bar is embedded to form a preformed material, and the preformed material is forged using a punch and a die. The preform material is pushed into the die space for forming the blade portion of the scroll part by the punch. While the blades are growing in the preformed material, back pressure is applied to the blades in the direction opposite to the growth direction.

国際公開第０１／７７３９８号International Publication No. 01/77398

ところで、円形材の一種として、薄肉の湾曲円板部と、厚肉の外周部とを有するものが知られている。このような円形材は、上型及び下型からなる金型を用い、予成形材に曲げ加工を施すことで成形される。具体的には、予成形材の平坦な円板部を下型で支持し、予成形材を上型で圧下することで、円板部を曲げる。 By the way, as a kind of circular material, a material having a thin curved disk portion and a thick outer peripheral portion is known. Such a circular material is formed by bending a premolded material using a mold composed of an upper mold and a lower mold. Specifically, the flat disk portion of the preformed material is supported by the lower mold, and the preformed material is pressed down by the upper mold to bend the disk portion.

しかしながら、円板部を曲げる際、予成形材の外周部近傍の材料が半径方向外側かつ下方に向かって流動する。そのため、外周部が下型から半径方向外側に向かって離れやすく、外周部において欠肉が生じやすい。 However, when the disk portion is bent, the material near the outer peripheral portion of the preformed material flows outward in the radial direction and downward. Therefore, the outer peripheral portion is likely to be separated from the lower mold toward the outer side in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral portion is likely to be deficient.

本開示は、欠肉を抑制することができる円形材の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing a circular material capable of suppressing meat loss.

本開示に係る円形材の製造方法は、準備工程と、鍛造工程と、を備える。準備工程では、円板部と、円板部の外周縁に接続され、円板部よりも厚肉である外周部と、を含む予成形材を準備する。鍛造工程では、上型と、第１及び第２下型と、を含む金型によって予成形材を鍛造する。鍛造工程は、拘束工程と、曲げ工程と、を含む。拘束工程では、円板部を第１下型上に載置するとともに、外周部を第２下型に対向させた状態で上型を下降させ、外周部を第２下型及び上型で挟む。曲げ工程では、拘束工程後、上型をさらに下降させて下死点に到達させ、上型及び第１下型によって予成形材の円板部を曲げる。 The method for producing a circular material according to the present disclosure includes a preparatory step and a forging step. In the preparatory step, a preformed material including a disk portion and an outer peripheral portion connected to the outer peripheral edge of the disk portion and thicker than the disk portion is prepared. In the forging step, the preformed material is forged by a die including an upper die and a first and second lower die. The forging process includes a restraining process and a bending process. In the restraint step, the disk portion is placed on the first lower mold, the upper mold is lowered with the outer peripheral portion facing the second lower mold, and the outer peripheral portion is sandwiched between the second lower mold and the upper mold. .. In the bending step, after the restraint step, the upper die is further lowered to reach the bottom dead center, and the disk portion of the preformed material is bent by the upper die and the first lower die.

本開示に係る円形材の製造方法によれば、欠肉を抑制することができる。 According to the method for producing a circular material according to the present disclosure, meat loss can be suppressed.

図１は、実施形態に係る製造方法で製造される円形材の縦断面図である。FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a circular member manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiment. 図２は、図１に示す円形材の素材となる予成形材の縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the preformed material which is the material of the circular material shown in FIG. 図３は、実施形態に係る製造方法の鍛造工程で用いられる金型の１／２鉛直断面図である。FIG. 3 is a 1/2 vertical cross-sectional view of a die used in the forging step of the manufacturing method according to the embodiment. 図４は、鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the forging process. 図５は、鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic view for explaining the forging process. 図６は、鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining the forging process. 図７は、鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic view for explaining the forging process. 図８は、他の実施形態に係る製造方法の鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a forging process of the manufacturing method according to another embodiment. 図９は、一般的な方法で円形材を製造する場合を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic view for explaining a case where a circular material is manufactured by a general method.

実施形態に係る円形材の製造方法は、準備工程と、鍛造工程と、を備える。準備工程では、円板部と、円板部の外周縁に接続され、円板部よりも厚肉である外周部と、を含む予成形材を準備する。鍛造工程では、上型と、第１及び第２下型と、を含む金型によって予成形材を鍛造する。鍛造工程は、拘束工程と、曲げ工程と、を含む。拘束工程では、円板部を第１下型上に載置するとともに、外周部を第２下型に対向させた状態で上型を下降させ、外周部を第２下型及び上型で挟む。曲げ工程では、拘束工程後、上型をさらに下降させて下死点に到達させ、上型及び第１下型によって予成形材の円板部を曲げる（第１の構成）。 The method for producing a circular material according to an embodiment includes a preparation step and a forging step. In the preparatory step, a preformed material including a disk portion and an outer peripheral portion connected to the outer peripheral edge of the disk portion and thicker than the disk portion is prepared. In the forging step, the preformed material is forged by a die including an upper die and a first and second lower die. The forging process includes a restraining process and a bending process. In the restraint step, the disk portion is placed on the first lower mold, the upper mold is lowered with the outer peripheral portion facing the second lower mold, and the outer peripheral portion is sandwiched between the second lower mold and the upper mold. .. In the bending step, after the restraint step, the upper die is further lowered to reach the bottom dead center, and the disk portion of the preformed material is bent by the upper die and the first lower die (first configuration).

第１の構成に係る円形材の製造方法では、上型及び第１下型によって予成形材の円板部が曲げられる間、予成形材の外周部が上型及び第２下型で挟まれて拘束されている。これにより、予成形材の鍛造中、半径方向外側への材料の流動が規制され、外周部を第１下型に沿わせることができる。よって、外周部における欠肉を抑制することができる。 In the method for manufacturing a circular material according to the first configuration, the outer peripheral portion of the preformed material is sandwiched between the upper mold and the second lower mold while the disk portion of the preformed material is bent by the upper mold and the first lower mold. Is restrained. As a result, during the forging of the preformed material, the flow of the material outward in the radial direction is restricted, and the outer peripheral portion can be aligned with the first lower mold. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the lack of meat in the outer peripheral portion.

上記の円形材の製造方法において、金型はさらに、第２下型を上方に向かって付勢する弾性部材を含んでいてもよい（第２の構成）。 In the method for producing a circular material described above, the mold may further include an elastic member that urges the second lower mold upward (second configuration).

第２の構成によれば、弾性部材の作用により、第２下型が外周部を下方から加圧するため、上型及び第２下型によって外周部をより強固に拘束することができる。よって、材料がより流動しにくくなり、外周部における欠肉をさらに抑制することができる。 According to the second configuration, since the second lower mold pressurizes the outer peripheral portion from below by the action of the elastic member, the outer peripheral portion can be more firmly restrained by the upper mold and the second lower mold. Therefore, the material becomes less likely to flow, and the lack of meat on the outer peripheral portion can be further suppressed.

第１の構成において、金型はさらに、第２下型を上下方向に移動させる駆動装置を含んでいてもよい（第３の構成）。 In the first configuration, the mold may further include a drive device that moves the second lower mold in the vertical direction (third configuration).

第３の構成によれば、駆動装置を制御して第２下型を上下動させることで、上型及び第２下型によって外周部を拘束する力及びタイミングを任意に設定することができる。 According to the third configuration, by controlling the drive device to move the second lower die up and down, the force and timing for restraining the outer peripheral portion by the upper die and the second lower die can be arbitrarily set.

以下、図面を参照して本開示の実施の形態を詳しく説明する。図中同一又は相当部分には同一符号を付してその説明は繰り返さない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will not be repeated.

［円形材の構成］
図１を参照して、まず、本実施形態に係る製造方法によって製造される円形材１について説明する。図１は、円形材１の縦断面図である。縦断面とは、円形材１の中心軸Ａ１を含む平面で切断した断面をいう。円形材１において、中心軸Ａ１が延びる方向は軸方向又は厚み方向であり、中心軸Ａ１に垂直な方向は半径方向である。 [Composition of circular material]
First, the circular member 1 manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the circular member 1. The vertical cross section means a cross section cut by a plane including the central axis A1 of the circular member 1. In the circular member 1, the direction in which the central axis A1 extends is the axial direction or the thickness direction, and the direction perpendicular to the central axis A1 is the radial direction.

図１に示すように、円形材１は、湾曲円板部１１と、外周部１２と、を含む。 As shown in FIG. 1, the circular member 1 includes a curved disk portion 11 and an outer peripheral portion 12.

円形材１の軸方向視で、湾曲円板部１１の外形は実質的に円形である。湾曲円板部１１は、円環板状であってもよいし、孔なしの円板状であってもよい。本実施形態では、湾曲円板部１１は、孔なしの円板状である。円形材１の縦断面視では、湾曲円板部１１は、湾曲形状を有する。具体的には、湾曲円板部１１のうち半径方向の中央部分が軸方向の一方側に***している。 The outer shape of the curved disk portion 11 is substantially circular in the axial direction of the circular member 1. The curved disk portion 11 may have an annular plate shape or a disc shape without holes. In the present embodiment, the curved disk portion 11 has a disk shape without holes. In the vertical cross-sectional view of the circular member 1, the curved disk portion 11 has a curved shape. Specifically, the central portion of the curved disk portion 11 in the radial direction is raised to one side in the axial direction.

本実施形態において、湾曲円板部１１は、全体にわたり、概ね一定の厚みを有する。ただし、湾曲円板部１１では、他の部分と比較して厚みが大きい部分が存在してもよい。例えば、湾曲円板部１１が円環板状の場合、湾曲円板部１１の内周部分を他の部分よりも厚肉とすることができる。 In the present embodiment, the curved disk portion 11 has a substantially constant thickness throughout. However, in the curved disk portion 11, there may be a portion having a thickness larger than that of other portions. For example, when the curved disk portion 11 has a ring-shaped plate shape, the inner peripheral portion of the curved disk portion 11 can be made thicker than the other portions.

外周部１２は、湾曲円板部１１を取り囲む。外周部１２は、湾曲円板部１１の外周縁１１１に接続されている。外周部１２は、湾曲円板部１１よりも厚肉である。外周部１２の厚みは、少なくとも、湾曲円板部１１の外周縁１１１の厚みよりも大きい。そのため、円形材１において、外周部１２は、湾曲円板部１１の外周縁１１１から厚み方向の両側に突出している。 The outer peripheral portion 12 surrounds the curved disk portion 11. The outer peripheral portion 12 is connected to the outer peripheral edge 111 of the curved disk portion 11. The outer peripheral portion 12 is thicker than the curved disk portion 11. The thickness of the outer peripheral portion 12 is at least larger than the thickness of the outer peripheral edge 111 of the curved disk portion 11. Therefore, in the circular member 1, the outer peripheral portion 12 protrudes from the outer peripheral edge 111 of the curved disk portion 11 on both sides in the thickness direction.

［円形材の製造方法］
次に、円形材１の製造方法について説明する。本実施形態に係る円形材１の製造方法は、準備工程と、鍛造工程と、を含む。 [Manufacturing method of circular material]
Next, a method for manufacturing the circular material 1 will be described. The method for producing the circular material 1 according to the present embodiment includes a preparation step and a forging step.

（準備工程）
図２を参照して、準備工程では、円形材１（図１）の素材となる予成形材２を準備する。図２は、予成形材２の縦断面図である。ここでの縦断面とは、予成形材２の中心軸Ａ２を含む平面で切断した断面をいう。予成形材２において、中心軸Ａ２が延びる方向は軸方向又は厚み方向であり、中心軸Ａ２に垂直な方向は半径方向である。 (Preparation process)
With reference to FIG. 2, in the preparation step, the preformed material 2 which is the material of the circular material 1 (FIG. 1) is prepared. FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the preformed material 2. The vertical cross section here means a cross section cut by a plane including the central axis A2 of the preformed material 2. In the preformed material 2, the direction in which the central axis A2 extends is the axial direction or the thickness direction, and the direction perpendicular to the central axis A2 is the radial direction.

予成形材２は、例えば、鋼からなるビレットに対し、１回以上の鍛造を実施して得ることができる。予成形材２は、円板部２１と、外周部２２と、を含む。 The preformed material 2 can be obtained, for example, by forging a billet made of steel one or more times. The preformed material 2 includes a disk portion 21 and an outer peripheral portion 22.

円板部２１は、円形材１の湾曲円板部１１（図１）に対応する部分であり、湾曲円板部１１と同様、予成形材２の軸方向視で実質的に円形の外形を有する。ただし、円板部２１は、湾曲しておらず、概ね平板状である。 The disk portion 21 is a portion corresponding to the curved disk portion 11 (FIG. 1) of the circular member 1, and like the curved disk portion 11, has a substantially circular outer shape in the axial view of the preformed member 2. Have. However, the disk portion 21 is not curved and is generally flat.

円板部２１の厚みは、円形材１の湾曲円板部１１（図１）に対応して、全体にわたって概ね一定である。円形材１の湾曲円板部１１が厚肉の内周部分を有する場合、予成形材２の円板部２１の内周部分も円板部２１の他の部分よりも厚肉となる。 The thickness of the disk portion 21 corresponds to the curved disk portion 11 (FIG. 1) of the circular member 1 and is substantially constant throughout. When the curved disc portion 11 of the circular material 1 has a thick inner peripheral portion, the inner peripheral portion of the disc portion 21 of the preformed material 2 is also thicker than the other portions of the disc portion 21.

円板部２１は、外周縁２１１を有する。外周縁２１１には外周部２２が接続される。外周部２２は、円板部２１を取り囲む。外周部２２は、円形材１の外周部１２（図１）に対応する部分である。 The disk portion 21 has an outer peripheral edge 211. An outer peripheral portion 22 is connected to the outer peripheral edge 211. The outer peripheral portion 22 surrounds the disc portion 21. The outer peripheral portion 22 is a portion corresponding to the outer peripheral portion 12 (FIG. 1) of the circular member 1.

外周部２２は、円板部２１よりも厚肉である。外周部２２は、予成形材２の縦断面視で、円板部２１よりも厚み方向の一方側及び他方側に突出する。すなわち、予成形材２は概略Ｈ形状の縦断面を有している。 The outer peripheral portion 22 is thicker than the disk portion 21. The outer peripheral portion 22 projects from the disc portion 21 to one side and the other side in the thickness direction in a vertical cross-sectional view of the preformed material 2. That is, the preformed material 2 has a substantially H-shaped vertical cross section.

（鍛造工程）
鍛造工程では、準備した予成形材２を鍛造する。 (Forging process)
In the forging step, the prepared preformed material 2 is forged.

鍛造工程では、図３に示す金型３が用いられる。図３は、金型３の１／２鉛直断面図を示す。まず、金型３について説明する。 In the forging process, the die 3 shown in FIG. 3 is used. FIG. 3 shows a 1/2 vertical cross-sectional view of the mold 3. First, the mold 3 will be described.

図３を参照して、金型３は、公知のプレス機（図示略）に取り付けられる。金型３は、上型３１と、第１下型３２と、第２下型３３と、を含む。金型３は、さらに、弾性部材３４を含む。 With reference to FIG. 3, the die 3 is attached to a known press (not shown). The mold 3 includes an upper mold 31, a first lower mold 32, and a second lower mold 33. The mold 3 further includes an elastic member 34.

上型３１は、図示しないプレス機のラムに取り付けられ、鉛直方向に移動可能である。上型３１は、予成形材２を上方から圧下する。上型３１の下面には、凸部３１１と、平坦部３１２と、が設けられる。凸部３１１は、平坦部３１２よりも下方に突出している。凸部３１１は、円形材１の湾曲円板部１１（図１）に対応する形状を有する。すなわち、凸部３１１は、湾曲円板部１１の軸方向の一方面に相当する湾曲形状を有する。平坦部３１２は、凸部３１１の周囲に設けられる。平坦部３１２は、凸部３１１の外周縁に接続される。平坦部３１２は、凸部３１１の外周縁から概ね水平に延びている。 The upper die 31 is attached to a ram of a press machine (not shown) and can move in the vertical direction. The upper mold 31 presses the preformed material 2 from above. A convex portion 311 and a flat portion 312 are provided on the lower surface of the upper mold 31. The convex portion 311 projects downward from the flat portion 312. The convex portion 311 has a shape corresponding to the curved disk portion 11 (FIG. 1) of the circular member 1. That is, the convex portion 311 has a curved shape corresponding to one surface in the axial direction of the curved disk portion 11. The flat portion 312 is provided around the convex portion 311. The flat portion 312 is connected to the outer peripheral edge of the convex portion 311. The flat portion 312 extends substantially horizontally from the outer peripheral edge of the convex portion 311.

第１下型３２は、本体部３２１と、フランジ部３２２と、を含む。本体部３２１の上面３２１ａは、上型３１の凸部３１１に対向する。上面３２１ａは、上型３１の凸部３１１とともに円形材１の湾曲円板部１１（図１）を成形する加工面であり、湾曲円板部１１に対応する形状を有する。すなわち、上面３２１ａは、湾曲円板部１１の軸方向の他方面に相当する湾曲形状を有する。 The first lower mold 32 includes a main body portion 321 and a flange portion 322. The upper surface 321a of the main body 321 faces the convex portion 311 of the upper die 31. The upper surface 321a is a processed surface for forming the curved disk portion 11 (FIG. 1) of the circular member 1 together with the convex portion 311 of the upper mold 31, and has a shape corresponding to the curved disk portion 11. That is, the upper surface 321a has a curved shape corresponding to the other surface of the curved disk portion 11 in the axial direction.

フランジ部３２２は、本体部３２１の周囲に設けられる。フランジ部３２２は、本体部３２１から、その外周側に突出する。フランジ部３２２は、本体部３２１の下部に接続されている。 The flange portion 322 is provided around the main body portion 321. The flange portion 322 projects from the main body portion 321 toward the outer peripheral side thereof. The flange portion 322 is connected to the lower portion of the main body portion 321.

第２下型３３は、第１下型３２の本体部３２１の周囲に設けられ、上型３１の平坦部３１２と対向する。第２下型３３は、第１下型３２のフランジ部３２２の上方に位置付けられる。第２下型３３は、弾性部材３４を介し、フランジ部３２２によって支持されている。 The second lower mold 33 is provided around the main body portion 321 of the first lower mold 32 and faces the flat portion 312 of the upper mold 31. The second lower mold 33 is positioned above the flange portion 322 of the first lower mold 32. The second lower mold 33 is supported by the flange portion 322 via the elastic member 34.

弾性部材３４の下端部は、第１下型３２のフランジ部３２２に接続される。弾性部材３４の上端部は、第２下型３３に接続されている。弾性部材３４は、第２下型３３を上方に向かって付勢する。弾性部材３４の付勢力は、上型３１の圧下力よりも弱くなるように設定される。弾性部材３４は、例えば、ばね、油圧ダンパである。 The lower end of the elastic member 34 is connected to the flange portion 322 of the first lower mold 32. The upper end of the elastic member 34 is connected to the second lower mold 33. The elastic member 34 urges the second lower mold 33 upward. The urging force of the elastic member 34 is set to be weaker than the reducing force of the upper die 31. The elastic member 34 is, for example, a spring or a hydraulic damper.

次に、図４〜図７を参照して、金型３によって予成形材２を鍛造する工程について説明する。図４〜図７は、予成形材２の鍛造工程を説明するための模式図である。鍛造工程は、予成形材２の外周部２２を拘束する拘束工程と、予成形材２の円板部２１を曲げる曲げ工程と、を含む。 Next, a step of forging the preformed material 2 with the die 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7. 4 to 7 are schematic views for explaining the forging process of the preformed material 2. The forging step includes a restraining step of restraining the outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2 and a bending step of bending the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2.

図４を参照して、拘束工程では、初めに予成形材２の円板部２１を第１下型３２上に載置する。より具体的には、円板部２１の中央部分を第１下型３２の本体部３２１上に載置する。この際、円板部２１の外周部分は、本体部３２１の上面３２１ａに接触しない。また、予成形材２の外周部２２は、第２下型３３と接触せずに対向している。 With reference to FIG. 4, in the restraint step, the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2 is first placed on the first lower mold 32. More specifically, the central portion of the disk portion 21 is placed on the main body portion 321 of the first lower mold 32. At this time, the outer peripheral portion of the disk portion 21 does not come into contact with the upper surface 321a of the main body portion 321. Further, the outer peripheral portion 22 of the premolded material 2 faces the second lower mold 33 without contacting it.

この状態から上型３１を下降させると、図５に示すように、凸部３１１が予成形材２に接触する。より詳細には、予成形材２の円板部２１のうち第１下型３２に接触していない外周部分に、凸部３１１が上方から接触する。これにより、円板部２１の外周部分が下方に移動するとともに、外周部２２も下方に移動する。すなわち、円板部２１及び外周部２２が上型３１によって圧下される。 When the upper mold 31 is lowered from this state, the convex portion 311 comes into contact with the preformed material 2 as shown in FIG. More specifically, the convex portion 311 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion of the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2 that is not in contact with the first lower mold 32 from above. As a result, the outer peripheral portion of the disk portion 21 moves downward, and the outer peripheral portion 22 also moves downward. That is, the disk portion 21 and the outer peripheral portion 22 are pressed down by the upper mold 31.

予成形材２の外周部２２は、所定の距離下降した時点で第２下型３３と接触する。第２下型３３は弾性部材３４により上方に向けて付勢されているため、外周部２２が第２下型３３に到達した後、外周部２２の下降速度は低下する。外周部２２の下降が第２下型３３によって妨げられる一方、上型３１は速度を緩めずに下降し続ける。その結果、図６に示すように、上型３１の平坦部３１２が外周部２２に接触し、外周部２２が第２下型３３及び平坦部３１２によって挟まれる。これにより、拘束工程が完了する。 The outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2 comes into contact with the second lower mold 33 when it descends by a predetermined distance. Since the second lower mold 33 is urged upward by the elastic member 34, the lowering speed of the outer peripheral portion 22 decreases after the outer peripheral portion 22 reaches the second lower mold 33. The lower die 33 prevents the outer peripheral portion 22 from descending, while the upper die 31 continues to descend without slowing down. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the flat portion 312 of the upper die 31 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22, and the outer peripheral portion 22 is sandwiched by the second lower die 33 and the flat portion 312. This completes the restraint process.

拘束工程の完了後、曲げ工程を実施する。曲げ工程では、上型３１をさらに下降させ、円板部２１を曲げる。この際、外周部２２は、第２下型３３及び上型３１で挟まれて拘束された状態となっている。この状態のまま、図７に示すように、上型３１を下降させて下死点まで到達させると、円板部２１の外周部分が第１下型３２の本体部３２１に接触し、上型３１及び第１下型３２によって円板部２１が狙いの湾曲形状に成形される。これにより、図７に示すように、曲げ工程が完了し、円形材１が得られる。 After the restraint process is completed, the bending process is performed. In the bending step, the upper mold 31 is further lowered to bend the disk portion 21. At this time, the outer peripheral portion 22 is sandwiched and restrained by the second lower mold 33 and the upper mold 31. In this state, as shown in FIG. 7, when the upper die 31 is lowered to reach the bottom dead center, the outer peripheral portion of the disk portion 21 comes into contact with the main body portion 321 of the first lower die 32, and the upper die The disk portion 21 is formed into a target curved shape by the 31 and the first lower mold 32. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the bending step is completed and the circular member 1 is obtained.

［効果］
一般的な方法で円形材１を製造する場合、例えば図９に示すように、上型３１と、下型９２と、を含む金型９で予成形材２の円板部２１に曲げ加工を施す。このとき、外周部２２が下型９２に未達の状態で円板部２１の曲げ加工が開始されるため、外周部２２の材料が予成形材２の半径方向外側かつ下方に向かって流動する。そのため、外周部２２の内径が拡大し、半径方向において外周部２２と下型９２との間に隙間Ｓが生じる。その結果、製造された円形材１の外周部１２に欠肉が生じやすい。これに対し、本実施形態の円形材１の製造方法では、外周部２２を上型３１及び第２下型３３で拘束した状態で円板部２１を曲げる。そのため、材料の半径方向外側への流動が抑制され、半径方向において外周部２２と第１下型３２との間に隙間が生じにくい。よって、製造された円形材１の外周部１２における欠肉を抑制することができる。 [effect]
When the circular material 1 is manufactured by a general method, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2 is bent with a mold 9 including an upper mold 31 and a lower mold 92. Give. At this time, since the bending process of the disk portion 21 is started with the outer peripheral portion 22 not reaching the lower mold 92, the material of the outer peripheral portion 22 flows outward and downward in the radial direction of the preformed material 2. .. Therefore, the inner diameter of the outer peripheral portion 22 is expanded, and a gap S is generated between the outer peripheral portion 22 and the lower mold 92 in the radial direction. As a result, the outer peripheral portion 12 of the manufactured circular member 1 is likely to be deficient. On the other hand, in the method for manufacturing the circular member 1 of the present embodiment, the disk portion 21 is bent while the outer peripheral portion 22 is restrained by the upper die 31 and the second lower die 33. Therefore, the flow of the material to the outside in the radial direction is suppressed, and a gap is unlikely to occur between the outer peripheral portion 22 and the first lower mold 32 in the radial direction. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the lack of meat in the outer peripheral portion 12 of the manufactured circular material 1.

円形材１の外周部１２に欠肉が生じる可能性がある場合、一般に、この欠肉を補うことが可能な程度の余肉を、素材である予成形材２の外周部２２に設けておく必要がある。そのため、予成形材２に投入する材料の重量が増加し、歩留りが低下する。また、予成形材２から製造された円形材１において、機械加工等によって除去すべき余剰な材料が増えるため、加工負荷が増大する。さらに、予成形材２の円板部２１を金型９で圧下すると外周部２２が半径方向外側に押し出されるため、外周部２２では半径方向内側又は厚み方向に余肉を持たせる必要がある。予成形材２の外周部２２において半径方向内側に余肉を持たせた場合、加工中に外周部２２が金型９とこすれて円形材１に疵が生じる可能性がある。外周部２２において厚み方向に余肉を持たせた場合も、上型３１が下死点に到達した際に外周部２２が座屈し、やはり円形材１に疵が発生する可能性がある。 When there is a possibility that the outer peripheral portion 12 of the circular material 1 may be deficient, in general, a surplus thickness that can compensate for the deficiency is provided on the outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2 as a material. There is a need. Therefore, the weight of the material to be charged into the preformed material 2 increases, and the yield decreases. Further, in the circular material 1 manufactured from the preformed material 2, the surplus material to be removed by machining or the like increases, so that the processing load increases. Further, when the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2 is pressed down by the mold 9, the outer peripheral portion 22 is extruded outward in the radial direction, so that the outer peripheral portion 22 needs to have a margin in the radial direction or in the thickness direction. When the outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2 is provided with a margin on the inner side in the radial direction, the outer peripheral portion 22 may rub against the mold 9 during processing, and the circular material 1 may be scratched. Even when the outer peripheral portion 22 has a margin in the thickness direction, the outer peripheral portion 22 may buckle when the upper die 31 reaches the bottom dead center, and the circular member 1 may also be scratched.

これに対し、本実施形態の円形材１の製造方法では、円形材１の外周部１２の欠肉が抑制されるため、予成形材２の外周部２２に不必要に余肉を設ける必要がない。よって、予成形材２に投入する材料の重量を低減させることができ、歩留りを向上させることができる。また、円形材１の余剰な材料を除去するための機械加工等を不要又は最小限とすることができるため、加工負荷を低減させることができる。さらに、予成形材２の余肉に起因して発生する円形材１の疵を抑制することができる。 On the other hand, in the method for producing the circular material 1 of the present embodiment, since the thinning of the outer peripheral portion 12 of the circular material 1 is suppressed, it is necessary to unnecessarily provide the outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2. Absent. Therefore, the weight of the material charged into the preformed material 2 can be reduced, and the yield can be improved. Further, since machining or the like for removing the surplus material of the circular material 1 can be unnecessary or minimized, the machining load can be reduced. Further, it is possible to suppress defects in the circular material 1 caused by the surplus thickness of the preformed material 2.

本実施形態の円形材１の製造方法では、弾性部材３４が第２下型３３を上方に向かって付勢する。そのため、第２下型３３及び上型３１によって外周部２２を強固に挟むことができ、円板部２１の曲げ加工中における材料の流動がさらに抑制される。よって、外周部２２における欠肉をさらに抑制することができる。 In the method for manufacturing the circular member 1 of the present embodiment, the elastic member 34 urges the second lower mold 33 upward. Therefore, the outer peripheral portion 22 can be firmly sandwiched by the second lower die 33 and the upper die 31, and the flow of the material during the bending process of the disk portion 21 is further suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to further suppress the lack of meat in the outer peripheral portion 22.

また、上型３１の凸部３１１が円板部２１を圧下する場合、外周部２２の下面が外周側に向かって反りやすい。弾性部材３４によって第２下型３３を上方に付勢することで、外周部２２が第２下型３３から受ける垂直抗力が増大し、外周部２２の下面と第２下型３３との間の摩擦力が大きくなる。この摩擦力により、外周部２２の下面が外側に向かって反りにくくなる。よって、外周部２２の内径が拡大しにくくなり、外周部２２における欠肉をさらに抑制することができる。 Further, when the convex portion 311 of the upper die 31 presses down the disk portion 21, the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion 22 tends to warp toward the outer peripheral side. By urging the second lower mold 33 upward by the elastic member 34, the normal force received by the outer peripheral portion 22 from the second lower mold 33 increases, and between the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion 22 and the second lower mold 33. The frictional force increases. Due to this frictional force, the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion 22 is less likely to warp outward. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the inner diameter of the outer peripheral portion 22 to expand, and it is possible to further suppress the lack of meat in the outer peripheral portion 22.

以上、本実施形態の円形材の製造方法について説明した。その他、本開示は上記の実施形態に限定されず、本開示の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の変更が可能であることは言うまでもない。 The method for producing the circular material of the present embodiment has been described above. In addition, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it goes without saying that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

例えば、上記の実施形態では、拘束工程において、第２下型３３が上型３１よりも先に予成形材２の外周部２２と接触する場合について説明した。しかしながら、上型３１が第２下型３３よりも先に外周部２２と接触してもよい。要するに、上型３１が下死点に到達する前に外周部２２が上型３１及び第２下型３３によって挟まれればよく、上型３１及び第２下型３３が外周部２２と接触する順序は問わない。 For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the second lower mold 33 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22 of the preformed material 2 before the upper mold 31 has been described in the restraint step. However, the upper die 31 may come into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22 before the second lower die 33. In short, the outer peripheral portion 22 may be sandwiched by the upper die 31 and the second lower die 33 before the upper die 31 reaches the bottom dead center, and the order in which the upper die 31 and the second lower die 33 come into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22. Does not matter.

上記の実施形態では、金型３が弾性部材３４を含む場合について説明した。しかしながら、金型３は、図８に示すように、弾性部材３４に代えて駆動装置３５を含んでいてもよい。駆動装置３５の上端部は、第２下型３３に接続される。駆動装置３５の下端部は、第１下型３２のフランジ部３２２に接続されていてもよいし、ボルスタプレート（図示略）に接続されていてもよい。駆動装置３５は、油圧制御により伸縮可能に構成されている。駆動装置３５は、例えば、油圧シリンダである。 In the above embodiment, the case where the mold 3 includes the elastic member 34 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the mold 3 may include a driving device 35 instead of the elastic member 34. The upper end of the drive device 35 is connected to the second lower mold 33. The lower end portion of the drive device 35 may be connected to the flange portion 322 of the first lower mold 32, or may be connected to the bolster plate (not shown). The drive device 35 is configured to be expandable and contractible by hydraulic control. The drive device 35 is, for example, a hydraulic cylinder.

このような構成の金型３により、駆動装置３５は第２下型３３を上下方向に自在に移動させることができる。よって、鍛造中に上型３１及び第２下型３３によって外周部２２を拘束する力を任意に設定することができ、かつ、第２下型３３を任意のタイミングで予成形材２の外周部２２に接触させることができる。 With the mold 3 having such a configuration, the drive device 35 can freely move the second lower mold 33 in the vertical direction. Therefore, the force for restraining the outer peripheral portion 22 can be arbitrarily set by the upper die 31 and the second lower die 33 during forging, and the outer peripheral portion of the preformed material 2 can be arbitrarily set for the second lower die 33 at an arbitrary timing. It can be brought into contact with 22.

例えば、予成形材２を第１下型３２に載置し、駆動装置３５を伸長させれば、上型３１よりも先に第２下型３３を外周部２２に接触させることができる。あるいは、第２下型３３が上型３１と同時に外周部２２に接触するように駆動装置３５を伸長制御してもよい。また、上記の実施形態と同様、第２下型３３が上型３１よりも後に外周部２２に接触するように駆動装置３５を伸長制御することもできる。第２下型３３が外周部２２に接触した後、この第２下型３３と上型３１とで外周部２２を拘束した状態で、上型３１の下降速度に応じて駆動装置３５を縮退させながら、上型３１を下死点に到達させる。これにより、上型３１及び第１下型３２によって予成形材２の円板部２１を曲げることができる。 For example, if the preformed material 2 is placed on the first lower mold 32 and the driving device 35 is extended, the second lower mold 33 can be brought into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22 before the upper mold 31. Alternatively, the drive device 35 may be extended and controlled so that the second lower die 33 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22 at the same time as the upper die 31. Further, as in the above embodiment, the drive device 35 can be extended and controlled so that the second lower mold 33 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22 after the upper mold 31. After the second lower mold 33 comes into contact with the outer peripheral portion 22, the drive device 35 is retracted according to the descending speed of the upper mold 31 while the outer peripheral portion 22 is restrained by the second lower mold 33 and the upper mold 31. However, the upper mold 31 reaches the bottom dead center. As a result, the disk portion 21 of the preformed material 2 can be bent by the upper die 31 and the first lower die 32.

上記の実施形態に係る製造方法において、鍛造工程で得られる円形材は、仕上げ鍛造品であってもよいし、鍛造荒地であってもよい。円形材が鍛造荒地である場合、この円形材は、仕上げ鍛造、機械加工等を経て最終製品となる。 In the manufacturing method according to the above embodiment, the circular material obtained in the forging step may be a finish forged product or a forged wasteland. When the circular material is a forged wasteland, the circular material becomes a final product after undergoing finish forging, machining, and the like.

円形材を成形する鍛造工程は、熱間で実施されてもよいし、冷間で実施されてもよい。鍛造工程を熱間で実施する場合、鍛造工程の前に予成形材を所定の温度に加熱すればよい。 The forging step of forming the circular material may be carried out hot or cold. When the forging step is carried out hot, the preformed material may be heated to a predetermined temperature before the forging step.

１：円形材
１１：湾曲円板部
１１１：外周縁
１２：外周部
２：予成形材
２１：円板部
２１１：円板部の外周縁
２２：外周部
３：金型
３１：上型
３２：第１下型
３３：第２下型
３４：弾性部材
３５：駆動装置 1: Circular material 11: Curved disk part 111: Outer peripheral edge 12: Outer peripheral part 2: Preformed material 21: Disc part 211: Outer peripheral edge of disk part 22: Outer peripheral part 3: Mold 31: Upper mold 32: 1st lower mold 33: 2nd lower mold 34: Elastic member 35: Drive device

Claims (3)

円形材の製造方法であって、
円板部と、
前記円板部の外周縁に接続され、前記円板部よりも厚肉である外周部と、を含む予成形材を準備する準備工程と、
上型と、第１及び第２下型と、を含む金型によって前記予成形材を鍛造する鍛造工程と、を備え、
前記鍛造工程は、
前記円板部を前記第１下型上に載置するとともに、前記外周部を前記第２下型に対向させた状態で前記上型を下降させ、前記外周部を第２下型及び前記上型で挟む拘束工程と、
前記拘束工程後、前記上型をさらに下降させて下死点に到達させ、前記上型及び前記第１下型によって前記予成形材の前記円板部を曲げる曲げ工程と、を含む、円形材の製造方法。 It is a manufacturing method of circular materials.
With the disk part
A preparatory step of preparing a preformed material including an outer peripheral portion connected to the outer peripheral edge of the disk portion and thicker than the disk portion.
It comprises a forging step of forging the preformed material with a die including an upper die and a first and second lower die.
The forging process is
The disk portion is placed on the first lower mold, and the upper mold is lowered with the outer peripheral portion facing the second lower mold, and the outer peripheral portion is placed on the second lower mold and the upper mold. Restraint process sandwiched between molds and
After the restraint step, the circular member includes a bending step of further lowering the upper die to reach the bottom dead center and bending the disk portion of the preformed material by the upper die and the first lower die. Manufacturing method. 請求項１に記載の円形材の製造方法であって、
前記金型はさらに、
前記第２下型を上方に向かって付勢する弾性部材を含む、円形材の製造方法。 The method for producing a circular material according to claim 1.
The mold is further
A method for manufacturing a circular material, which comprises an elastic member that urges the second lower mold upward. 請求項１に記載の円形材の製造方法であって、
前記金型はさらに、
前記第２下型を上下方向に移動させる駆動装置を含む、円形材の製造方法。
The method for producing a circular material according to claim 1.
The mold is further
A method for manufacturing a circular material, which comprises a driving device for moving the second lower mold in the vertical direction.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10119503A (en) * 1996-10-18 1998-05-12 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Wheel for railway rolling stock excellent in crack resistance and its manufacture
JP2005199319A (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-07-28 Jfe Steel Kk Press-forming method for metal plate
JP2019063846A (en) * 2017-10-04 2019-04-25 株式会社丸順 Metal mold for press working

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10119503A (en) * 1996-10-18 1998-05-12 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Wheel for railway rolling stock excellent in crack resistance and its manufacture
JP2005199319A (en) * 2004-01-16 2005-07-28 Jfe Steel Kk Press-forming method for metal plate
JP2019063846A (en) * 2017-10-04 2019-04-25 株式会社丸順 Metal mold for press working

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