JP2020146696A - Deflection evaluation device and deflection evaluation method for press molding died - Google Patents

Deflection evaluation device and deflection evaluation method for press molding died Download PDF

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JP2020146696A
JP2020146696A JP2019044198A JP2019044198A JP2020146696A JP 2020146696 A JP2020146696 A JP 2020146696A JP 2019044198 A JP2019044198 A JP 2019044198A JP 2019044198 A JP2019044198 A JP 2019044198A JP 2020146696 A JP2020146696 A JP 2020146696A
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displacement
wall portion
side wall
upper wall
shape
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政敏 澤村
Masatoshi Sawamura
政敏 澤村
岩田 徳利
Noritoshi Iwata
徳利 岩田
康宏 与語
Yasuhiro Yogo
康宏 与語
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc
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Abstract

To provide a deflection evaluation device for a press molding die that can efficiently perform verification of an analysis technique which accurately predicts a shape of a press molding product and acquisition of a database required therefor.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a deflection evaluation device for a press molding die including: a die 1 having an upper wall part (11) extending in a lateral direction, a side wall part (12) extending in a vertical direction from the upper wall part, and a cavity part provided on reverse sides of the upper wall part and the side wall part; a punch 2 fittable into a recessed part formed by the side wall part; displacement regulation means capable of regulating displacement of the upper wal part and/or the side wall part; driving means for driving the punch in the vertical direction; and displacement measurement means for measuring a displacement of the upper wall part and/or the side wall part. With the evaluation device of the present invention, evaluation information showing a correlation between the displacement of the upper wall part and/or the side wall part obtained by displacement measurement and a shape index value for a molding product obtained by shape measurement of the molding product can be efficiently generated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、プレス成形型のたわみ評価装置等に関する。 The present invention relates to a press forming type deflection evaluation device and the like.

自動車や家電製品等には、多くのプレス成形品(単に「成形品」もという。)が用いられている。成形品は、割れ、皺、かじり(傷)等がないことに加えて、所望の寸法精度を有することが求められる。成形品は、通常、成形型(単に「金型」ともいう。)から取り出すとき、スプリングバック(成形後の除荷ひずみ)により形状が変化する。そこで、想定形状からの変化を抑制するため、成形型の修正が数回程度行われるが、これは生産準備期間の長期化を招く。この傾向は、プレス成形時の面圧が高く、スプリングバック量も大きくなる高張力鋼板を用いる場合に顕著である。なお、高張力鋼板は、従来の軟鋼板に対して2〜3倍程度の強度を有し、自動車ボディの軽量化や安全性の向上を図るために最近多用されている。 Many press-molded products (also simply referred to as "molded products") are used in automobiles, home appliances, and the like. The molded product is required to have desired dimensional accuracy in addition to being free from cracks, wrinkles, galling (scratches) and the like. When a molded product is usually taken out of a molding die (also simply referred to as a "mold"), its shape changes due to springback (unloading strain after molding). Therefore, in order to suppress the change from the assumed shape, the molding die is modified several times, which leads to a long production preparation period. This tendency is remarkable when a high-strength steel sheet having a high surface pressure during press forming and a large springback amount is used. High-strength steel sheets have about 2 to 3 times the strength of conventional mild steel sheets, and have been widely used recently in order to reduce the weight of automobile bodies and improve safety.

成形型の設計段階で、CAE(Computer Aided Engineering)解析等により、成形品の形状予測を高精度に行うことができれば、成形型の修正回数が減り、生産準備期間の短縮が期待される。しかし、従来のCAE解析では、高張力鋼板の形状予測一致率が高々10〜40%程度に留まっていた。なお、形状予測一致率とは、例えば、成形品の実測寸法の測定点のうちで、CAEによる解析結果との差が±0.5mm以内となる測定点数の割合である。 If the shape of a molded product can be predicted with high accuracy by CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) analysis or the like at the mold design stage, it is expected that the number of times the mold is modified will be reduced and the production preparation period will be shortened. However, in the conventional CAE analysis, the shape prediction agreement rate of the high-strength steel sheet is at most about 10 to 40%. The shape prediction agreement rate is, for example, the ratio of the number of measurement points whose difference from the analysis result by CAE is within ± 0.5 mm among the measurement points of the measured dimensions of the molded product.

プレス成形品の形状が、成形型のキャビティ形状(ダイスとパンチにより形成される隙間形状、またはダイスが下死点にあるときの形状)から変化する要因の一つとして、プレス成形時に生じる成形型自体の変形(たわみ、ひずみ)の影響がある。特に、搬送性や材料費抑制等を考慮して肉抜き(空洞形成)されている金型ほど、その傾向が強くなる。 A molding die generated during press molding is one of the factors that change the shape of the press-molded product from the cavity shape of the molding die (the shape of the gap formed by the die and the punch, or the shape when the die is at the bottom dead center). It is affected by its own deformation (deflection, distortion). In particular, the tendency becomes stronger as the mold is lightened (hollowed) in consideration of transportability and reduction of material cost.

このような金型自体の変形(単に「型たわみ」ともいう。)を考慮したプレス成形方法やシミュレーション方法が提案されており、下記の文献に関連した記載がある。 A press forming method and a simulation method in consideration of such deformation of the die itself (also simply referred to as “mold deflection”) have been proposed, and there are descriptions related to the following documents.

特許第5014155号公報Japanese Patent No. 5014155 特許第4305645号公報Japanese Patent No. 4305645

上記の特許文献では、実測した型たわみ量を、プレス成形またはシミュレーションに活用することが提案されている。しかし、型たわみ量と成形品の形状(寸法変化)との関係は明らかにされていない。 In the above patent document, it is proposed to utilize the measured amount of mold deflection for press molding or simulation. However, the relationship between the amount of mold deflection and the shape (dimensional change) of the molded product has not been clarified.

本発明はこのような事情に鑑みて為されたものであり、型たわみ量と成形品の形状との相関を効率的に明らかにできるプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置等を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a press-molded deflection evaluation device or the like that can efficiently clarify the correlation between the amount of mold deflection and the shape of a molded product. To do.

《プレス成形型のたわみ評価装置》
(1)本発明は、横方向に延びる上壁部と該上壁部から縦方向に延びる側壁部と該上壁部および該側壁部の裏側に設けられた空洞部とを有するダイスと、該側壁部により形成される凹部へ嵌入し得るパンチと、該上壁部および/または該側壁部の変位を規制できる変位規制手段と、該パンチを縦方向へ駆動する駆動手段と、該上壁部および/または該側壁部の変位を測定する変位測定手段と、を備えるプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置である。
《Press molding type deflection evaluation device》
(1) The present invention comprises a die having an upper wall portion extending in the lateral direction, a side wall portion extending in the vertical direction from the upper wall portion, and a cavity portion provided on the upper wall portion and the back side of the side wall portion. A punch that can be fitted into the recess formed by the side wall portion, a displacement regulating means that can regulate the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion, a driving means that drives the punch in the vertical direction, and the upper wall portion. A press-molded deflection evaluation device including a displacement measuring means for measuring the displacement of the side wall portion and / or the side wall portion.

(2)本発明のプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置(単に「評価装置」という。)の場合、変位規制手段により、プレス成形時に生じるダイス(上壁部および/または側壁部)の変位(型たわみ量)を種々設定できる。変位を所定値または所定範囲内に設定したダイスを用いて、実際に試験片(板材)をプレス成形する。プレス成形時にダイスに生じる所定(特定)の変位は、変位測定手段により測定される。 (2) In the case of the press-molding type deflection evaluation device (simply referred to as "evaluation device") of the present invention, the displacement (mold deflection) of the die (upper wall portion and / or side wall portion) generated during press forming by the displacement controlling means. Amount) can be set in various ways. The test piece (plate material) is actually press-molded using a die whose displacement is set to a predetermined value or within a predetermined range. A predetermined (specific) displacement that occurs in the die during press forming is measured by a displacement measuring means.

得られたプレス成形品の形状(寸法)は、例えば、ダイスから取り出した後、計測機器等により計測される。変位規制手段によりダイスの変位を変更して、試験片のプレス成形、ダイスの所定変位の測定、成形品の計測を繰り返す。これにより、測定されたダイスの変位(型たわみ量)と、計測された成形品の形状(寸法)との相関を指標するデータ(評価情報)が得られる。 The shape (dimensions) of the obtained press-formed product is measured by, for example, a measuring device or the like after being taken out from a die. The displacement of the die is changed by the displacement regulating means, and the press molding of the test piece, the measurement of the predetermined displacement of the die, and the measurement of the molded product are repeated. As a result, data (evaluation information) for indexing the correlation between the measured displacement of the die (the amount of mold deflection) and the measured shape (dimensions) of the molded product can be obtained.

こうして本発明の評価装置によれば、複数のダイスを用意することなく、一つのダイスでも、上述した複数のデータの採取ができ、成形品形状の高精度な予測を行う解析手法の検証や、そのために必要となるデータベース(評価情報)の獲得を効率的に行える。 In this way, according to the evaluation device of the present invention, it is possible to collect the above-mentioned plurality of data with one die without preparing a plurality of dies, and to verify the analysis method for highly accurate prediction of the shape of the molded product. The database (evaluation information) required for that purpose can be efficiently acquired.

《プレス成形型のたわみ評価方法》
本発明は、プレス成形型のたわみ評価方法(単に「評価方法」という。)としても把握できる。すなわち本発明は、上述した評価装置を用いたプレス成形型のたわみ評価方法であって、前記駆動手段により、前記ダイスの上壁部に載置した平板状の試験片を前記パンチで押圧して成形品を得る成形工程と、前記変位測定手段により、該成形工程中における該上壁部および/または前記側壁部の変位を測定する変位測定工程と、該成形品の形状を計測する形状計測工程と、を備えるプレス成形型のたわみ評価方法でもよい。
《Press molding mold deflection evaluation method》
The present invention can also be grasped as a method for evaluating the deflection of a press forming mold (simply referred to as an "evaluation method"). That is, the present invention is a press-molding type deflection evaluation method using the above-mentioned evaluation device, in which a flat plate-shaped test piece placed on the upper wall portion of the die is pressed by the punch by the driving means. A molding step of obtaining a molded product, a displacement measuring step of measuring the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion during the molding process by the displacement measuring means, and a shape measuring step of measuring the shape of the molded product. A method for evaluating the deflection of a press-molded mold including the above may be used.

この評価方法は、さらに、変位測定工程により得られた上壁部および/または側壁部の変位(特に、最大値等の代表値または変位指標値)と、形状計測工程により得られた成形品の形状を指標する形状指標値との相関を示す評価情報を生成する情報生成工程を備えるとよい。 In this evaluation method, the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion (particularly, the representative value such as the maximum value or the displacement index value) obtained by the displacement measuring step and the molded product obtained by the shape measuring step are further evaluated. It is preferable to include an information generation step of generating evaluation information showing the correlation with the shape index value that indexes the shape.

なお、本発明は、上述した評価装置や評価方法の他に、上記の評価情報(データベース)自体またはそのデータ構造としても把握され得る。そのデータベースをCAE解析等に利用すれば、プレス成形品の形状予測精度が向上し得る。その結果、プレス成形型の設計効率の向上や型修正の低減が可能となる。 In addition to the above-mentioned evaluation device and evaluation method, the present invention can also be grasped as the above-mentioned evaluation information (database) itself or its data structure. If the database is used for CAE analysis or the like, the shape prediction accuracy of the press-formed product can be improved. As a result, it is possible to improve the design efficiency of the press forming mold and reduce the mold modification.

《その他》
(1)「手段」と「工程」は相互に読み替えることができる。例えば、「〜工程」を読み替えた「〜手段」は「物」(評価装置等)の構成要素となる。また、「〜手段」を読み替えた「〜工程」は「方法」(評価方法等)の構成要素となる。
<< Other >>
(1) "Means" and "process" can be read interchangeably. For example, "-means", which is a replacement of "-process", is a component of "thing" (evaluation device, etc.). In addition, "-process", which is a replacement of "-means", is a component of "method" (evaluation method, etc.).

本明細書でいう横方向、縦方向、奥行方向は、必ずしも直交座標系(XYZ)と対応している必要はないが、横方向:X軸方向、縦方向:Y軸方向、奥行方向:Z軸方向としてもよい。さらに、横方向:水平方向(左右方向)、縦方向:鉛直方向(上下方向)と考えてもよい。なお、奥行方向は、横方向および縦方向に直交する方向とする。 The horizontal direction, vertical direction, and depth direction referred to in the present specification do not necessarily correspond to the Cartesian coordinate system (XYZ), but the horizontal direction: X-axis direction, the vertical direction: Y-axis direction, and the depth direction: Z. It may be in the axial direction. Further, the horizontal direction: the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) and the vertical direction: the vertical direction (vertical direction) may be considered. The depth direction is a direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

(2)本明細書に記載した種々の数値または数値範囲に含まれる任意の数値を新たな下限値または上限値として「a〜b」のような範囲を新設し得る。特に断らない限り、本明細書でいう「a〜b」は下限値aおよび上限値bを含む。また、本明細書でいう「a〜bmm」はamm〜bmmを意味する。他の単位系についても同様である。 (2) A range such as "ab" can be newly established with any numerical value included in the various numerical values or numerical ranges described in the present specification as a new lower limit value or upper limit value. Unless otherwise specified, "ab" in the present specification includes a lower limit value a and an upper limit value b. Further, "a to bmm" as used herein means amm to bmm. The same applies to other unit systems.

評価装置(一例)とそれを用いたプレス成形時の様子を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows typically the state at the time of press molding using the evaluation apparatus (one example). パンチの変位とダイスの変位(型たわみ量/開き量)との関係(一例)を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship (example) of the displacement of a punch and the displacement of a die (the amount of mold deflection / the amount of opening). プレス成形品(一例)の形状変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the shape change of the press-molded article (example). 型たわみ量と成形品の形状指標値との関係(一例)を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship (example) between the mold deflection amount and the shape index value of a molded article. プレス成形品の形状指標値を例示する説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the shape index value of a press-formed product.

上述した本発明の構成要素に、本明細書中から任意に選択した一つまたは二つ以上の構成要素を付加し得る。本明細書で説明する内容は、評価装置のみならず、評価方法等にも適宜該当する。 One or more components arbitrarily selected from the present specification may be added to the components of the present invention described above. The contents described in the present specification appropriately apply not only to the evaluation device but also to the evaluation method and the like.

《プレス成形型》
成形型は、ダイスとパンチを少なくとも備え、さらにパッドを備えてもよい。ダイスは、横方向に延びる上壁部と、上壁部から縦方向に延びる側壁部と、上壁部および側壁部の裏側に空洞部とを有する。
《Press molding mold》
The mold may include at least a die and a punch, and may further include a pad. The die has an upper wall portion extending in the lateral direction, a side wall portion extending in the vertical direction from the upper wall portion, and a cavity portion on the back side of the upper wall portion and the side wall portion.

上壁部は、試験片を保持または把持する。例えば、パンチ側に横方向に張り出した把持部がある場合、その把持部とダイスの上壁部とにより、成形終了前後において、試験片の外周囲が挟持(保持)される。 The upper wall portion holds or grips the test piece. For example, when there is a grip portion that projects laterally on the punch side, the outer circumference of the test piece is sandwiched (held) by the grip portion and the upper wall portion of the die before and after the completion of molding.

側壁部は、成形品の外側形状を規定する凹部を形成する。凹部は、例えば、開溝状または筒状等である。凹部は、複数の側壁部の組み合わせにより形成されてもよいし、連続した一つの側壁部により形成されてもよい。例えば、開溝状の凹部なら、側壁部が対向するように一対のダイス(分割型)を並設することにより形成される。円筒状の凹部なら、一つのダイス(一体型)により形成可能であり、このときの側壁部は環状の周側面により構成される。 The side wall forms a recess that defines the outer shape of the part. The recess is, for example, an open groove shape or a tubular shape. The recess may be formed by a combination of a plurality of side wall portions, or may be formed by one continuous side wall portion. For example, an open groove-shaped recess is formed by arranging a pair of dies (divided type) side by side so that the side wall portions face each other. If it is a cylindrical recess, it can be formed by one die (integrated type), and the side wall portion at this time is composed of an annular peripheral side surface.

空洞部は、上壁部および/または側壁部に、所望範囲内の変位(たわみ、ひずみ)を生じ易くしている。この空洞部は、軽量化や材料費抑制等のために、一般的なプレス成形用の金型に設けられる肉抜部を模擬(反映)している。 The hollow portion tends to cause displacement (deflection, strain) within a desired range on the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion. This hollow portion simulates (reflects) a lightening portion provided in a general press forming die in order to reduce weight and reduce material costs.

空洞部は、ダイスの形態(特に凹部の形状)に応じて、環状、略円筒状、略方形筒状等となる。具体的にいうと、ダイスの縦方向(通常、上下方向)の断面において、空洞部は、例えば、L字状、コの字状、ロの字状等となる。例えば、開溝状の凹部を一対のダイスで形成する場合なら、空洞部も横方向に並設して形態となる。このとき、空洞部が奥行方向へ(例えば同一形状のまま)くり抜かれていると、ダイスの剛性が低下して、上壁部や側壁部が変形し易くなる。 The hollow portion has an annular shape, a substantially cylindrical shape, a substantially rectangular tubular shape, or the like, depending on the shape of the die (particularly the shape of the concave portion). Specifically, in the vertical (usually vertical) cross section of the die, the cavity has, for example, an L-shape, a U-shape, a B-shape, or the like. For example, when the open groove-shaped recess is formed by a pair of dies, the cavities are also arranged side by side in the lateral direction. At this time, if the hollow portion is hollowed out in the depth direction (for example, with the same shape), the rigidity of the die is lowered, and the upper wall portion and the side wall portion are easily deformed.

パンチは、ダイスの凹部に嵌入する凸部を有する。パンチがダイス内へ嵌入することにより、プレス形状に沿った隙間(キャビティ)が形成される。パンチの凸部は、ダイスの凹部に対応しており、例えば、円柱状、略角柱状等である。パンチは、ダイスの凹部に嵌入する凸部に加えて、上述したように、横方向に張り出した把持部を有してもよい。なお、パンチは、油圧シリンダーと油圧制御回路等からなる駆動手段により、縦方向に駆動される。 The punch has a convex portion that fits into the concave portion of the die. By fitting the punch into the die, a gap (cavity) along the press shape is formed. The convex portion of the punch corresponds to the concave portion of the die, and is, for example, a columnar shape, a substantially prismatic shape, or the like. The punch may have a laterally overhanging grip, as described above, in addition to the convex that fits into the recess of the die. The punch is driven in the vertical direction by a driving means including a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic control circuit.

パッドは、パンチと対向して配設され、ダイスの凹部内でパンチに従動して縦方向に移動し得る。パッドがあると、試験片(ワーク)はパンチとパッドに把持された状態でダイスの凹部に押し込まれ、安定的に成形され得る。また、パッドにより、成形品の底部が所望形状に成形され。なお、パッドは、パンチに所定の設定荷重の反力を発生させつつ下降することにより、パンチに従動する。 The pads are arranged to face the punch and can follow the punch in the recesses of the die to move in the vertical direction. With the pad, the test piece (work) can be pushed into the recess of the die while being held by the punch and the pad, and can be stably formed. In addition, the bottom of the molded product is molded into a desired shape by the pad. The pad follows the punch by descending while generating a reaction force of a predetermined set load on the punch.

《変位規制》
変位規制手段は、ダイスの上壁部および/または側壁部の変位を規制する。上壁部または側壁部は、パンチから印加される成形力に応じて弾性変形(わたみ、ひずみ)を生じる。変位規制手段により、その変形量が所定値または所定範囲内に規制される。これにより、低剛性なダイスを一つまたは一組用意するだけで、上壁部または側壁部に種々のたわみ量を生じさせつつ、試験片をプレス成形できる。
《Displacement regulation》
The displacement regulating means regulates the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion of the die. The upper wall portion or the side wall portion undergoes elastic deformation (deflection, strain) according to the molding force applied from the punch. The amount of deformation is regulated within a predetermined value or a predetermined range by the displacement regulating means. As a result, the test piece can be press-molded while causing various amounts of deflection in the upper wall portion or the side wall portion by preparing one or a set of low-rigidity dies.

変位規制手段は、例えば、上壁部の縦方向の変位を規制できる縦変位規制手段、または側壁部の横方向への変位を規制できる横変位規制手段である。このような変位規制手段は、例えば、上壁部や側壁部の裏面側(空洞部側)を支持する油圧シリンダーや、その油圧制御回路等により構成され得る。なお、変位規制手段には、変位を制御できる変位制御用油圧シリンダーを用いるとよい。 The displacement regulating means is, for example, a vertical displacement regulating means capable of regulating the vertical displacement of the upper wall portion, or a lateral displacement regulating means capable of regulating the lateral displacement of the side wall portion. Such a displacement regulating means may be composed of, for example, a hydraulic cylinder that supports the back surface side (cavity side) of the upper wall portion or the side wall portion, a hydraulic control circuit thereof, or the like. As the displacement regulating means, it is preferable to use a displacement control hydraulic cylinder capable of controlling the displacement.

また、各変位規制手段は、上壁部や側壁部の回転を許容できる構造であるとよい。これにより、プレス成形時にダイスに生じる回転変位(角変位)の把握も可能となる。例えば、上壁部や側壁部の裏側に当接する油圧シリンダーの先端部を、滑らかな曲面状(球状等)とするとよい。 Further, each displacement regulating means may have a structure capable of allowing rotation of the upper wall portion and the side wall portion. This makes it possible to grasp the rotational displacement (angle displacement) that occurs in the die during press forming. For example, the tip of the hydraulic cylinder that comes into contact with the back side of the upper wall portion or the side wall portion may have a smooth curved surface (spherical shape or the like).

また、縦変位規制手段は、横方向への移動を許容するスライダーを備えるとよい。横変位規制手段なら、縦方向への移動を許容するスライダーを備えるとよい。スライダーにより、変位を規制する方向とは異なる方向への移動抵抗(摩擦抵抗)が軽減される。スライダーは、例えば、油圧シリンダー等を支持するリニアガイドにより形成される。これにより、油圧シリンダーは先端部を上壁部や側壁部の裏側に当接させたまま、上壁部や側壁部の変位(規制方向とは異なる方向への変位)に追従し易くなる。具体的にいうと、縦変位規制手段なら、上壁部の横方向への変位(開き変位)に追従しつつ、縦方向の変位を所定範囲内に規制できる。 Further, the vertical displacement regulating means may include a slider that allows movement in the lateral direction. If it is a lateral displacement regulating means, it is preferable to provide a slider that allows movement in the vertical direction. The slider reduces movement resistance (friction resistance) in a direction different from the direction that regulates displacement. The slider is formed by, for example, a linear guide that supports a hydraulic cylinder or the like. As a result, the hydraulic cylinder can easily follow the displacement of the upper wall portion and the side wall portion (displacement in a direction different from the regulation direction) while keeping the tip portion in contact with the back side of the upper wall portion and the side wall portion. Specifically, the vertical displacement regulating means can regulate the vertical displacement within a predetermined range while following the lateral displacement (opening displacement) of the upper wall portion.

《変位測定》
変位測定手段は、上壁部および/または側壁部の変位を測定する。上述した変位規制手段により、一定方向の変位を拘束または規制できたとしても、成形中にダイスは種々の変形(変位)を生じる。そこで変位測定手段を設けることにより、成形中における型たわみ量を適確に把握できる。
《Displacement measurement》
The displacement measuring means measures the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion. Even if the displacement in a certain direction can be constrained or regulated by the displacement regulating means described above, the die undergoes various deformations (displacements) during molding. Therefore, by providing the displacement measuring means, the amount of mold deflection during molding can be accurately grasped.

変位測定手段は、例えば、上壁部や側壁部に、予め設定しておいた測定点の横方向への変位を測定する横変位測定手段や縦方向の変位を測定する縦変位測定手段である。測定点の配置や数、測定変位の方向等は任意である。また、変位測定手段は、上壁部や側壁部の傾き等の角度を測定する角度測定手段でもよい。一例を挙げると、縦変位規制手段により縦方向の変位が規制されている上壁部(左右端面等)に設けた所定の測定点について、その横方向の変位を横変位測定手段で測定してもよい。 The displacement measuring means is, for example, a lateral displacement measuring means for measuring the lateral displacement of a measurement point set in advance on the upper wall portion or the side wall portion, or a vertical displacement measuring means for measuring the vertical displacement. .. The arrangement and number of measurement points, the direction of measurement displacement, etc. are arbitrary. Further, the displacement measuring means may be an angle measuring means for measuring an angle such as an inclination of the upper wall portion or the side wall portion. As an example, the lateral displacement of a predetermined measurement point provided on the upper wall portion (left and right end faces, etc.) whose vertical displacement is regulated by the vertical displacement measuring means is measured by the lateral displacement measuring means. May be good.

変位測定手段は、例えば、近接センサー、レーザ変位計等により構成される。変位測定箇所(測定点)は、複数でも単数でもよい。成形品の形状精度に影響を及ぼす代表的な変位(型たわみ量の最大値等)が選択的に測定されてもよい。なお、本明細書でいうダイス(上壁部や側壁部)の変位(型たわみ量、型ひずみ量)は、特に断らない限り、弾性変位(変形量)である。 The displacement measuring means is composed of, for example, a proximity sensor, a laser displacement meter, or the like. The displacement measurement points (measurement points) may be plural or singular. A typical displacement (maximum value of mold deflection, etc.) that affects the shape accuracy of the molded product may be selectively measured. The displacement (amount of mold deflection, amount of mold strain) of the dice (upper wall portion and side wall portion) referred to in the present specification is an elastic displacement (deformation amount) unless otherwise specified.

《評価情報》
上述した評価装置を用いてプレス成形を行うと、成形時に生じるダイスの変位(型たわみ量)と、得られた成形品の形状との相関を明らかにできる。ダイスの変位や成形品の形状は、それらの指標値(変位指標値、形状指標値)により関連付けられるとよい。
<< Evaluation information >>
When press molding is performed using the evaluation device described above, it is possible to clarify the correlation between the displacement of the die (the amount of mold deflection) that occurs during molding and the shape of the obtained molded product. The displacement of the die and the shape of the molded product may be related by their index values (displacement index value, shape index value).

ダイスの変位指標値は、例えば、成形中に上壁部や側壁部に生じる各変位の最大値等である。なお、変位には、特に断らない限り、横方向や縦方向の直線的な変位に限らず、角変位も含まれる。 The displacement index value of the die is, for example, the maximum value of each displacement generated in the upper wall portion and the side wall portion during molding. Unless otherwise specified, the displacement is not limited to linear displacement in the horizontal and vertical directions, but also includes angular displacement.

成形品の形状指標値は、例えば、成形品の特定位置における変位量または変位角である。例えば、開溝状(断面U字状)の成形品なら、形状指標値として、開き量や開き角がある。開き量は、成形品の側壁部の所望形状からの直線的なズレ量(開溝内幅の拡大量)である。開き角は、成形品の上壁部(フランジ部)または側壁部の所望形状からの回転角(傾角)である。 The shape index value of the molded product is, for example, a displacement amount or a displacement angle at a specific position of the molded product. For example, in the case of a molded product having an open groove shape (U-shaped cross section), there are an opening amount and an opening angle as shape index values. The opening amount is a linear deviation amount (expansion amount of the opening groove inner width) from the desired shape of the side wall portion of the molded product. The opening angle is a rotation angle (tilt angle) from a desired shape of the upper wall portion (flange portion) or the side wall portion of the molded product.

こうして得られた評価情報は、成形品形状の高精度な予測を行う解析手法の検証やそのために必要となるデータベースの獲得等に利用され得る。 The evaluation information obtained in this way can be used for verification of an analysis method for predicting the shape of a molded product with high accuracy and acquisition of a database required for that purpose.

プレス成形型のたわみ評価装置を製作し、型たわみ量と試験片のプレス成形品の形状との相関(評価情報)を明らかにした。このような具体例に示しつつ、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。 A press-molded deflection evaluation device was manufactured, and the correlation (evaluation information) between the amount of die deflection and the shape of the press-formed product of the test piece was clarified. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to such specific examples.

《評価装置》
プレス成形型のたわみ評価装置S(単に「装置S」という。)と、それを用いて試験片wをプレス成形する様子を図1に示した。
<< Evaluation device >>
FIG. 1 shows a press-molding type deflection evaluation device S (simply referred to as “device S”) and a state in which the test piece w is press-molded using the device S.

装置Sは、ダイス1、パンチ2、パッド3、ベース4、縦変位規制手段5、横変位規制手段6、変位測定手段(図略)および油圧制御回路(図略)を備える。 The device S includes a die 1, a punch 2, a pad 3, a base 4, a vertical displacement regulating means 5, a lateral displacement regulating means 6, a displacement measuring means (not shown), and a hydraulic control circuit (not shown).

ダイス1は、左右対称に配設された一対の断面コの字状の金型からなり、それぞれ、上壁部11、側壁部12、下壁部13を有する。ダイス1は、一対の側壁部12がそれぞれの内表面12aを対面させて配設されている。これにより、上方に開口した開溝状の凹部が形成されている。また、上壁部11、側壁部12および下壁部13により囲まれて左右に開口している開溝状空間が、本発明でいう空洞部に相当する。 The die 1 is composed of a pair of dies having a U-shaped cross section arranged symmetrically, and has an upper wall portion 11, a side wall portion 12, and a lower wall portion 13, respectively. In the die 1, a pair of side wall portions 12 are arranged so that their inner surfaces 12a face each other. As a result, an open groove-shaped recess that opens upward is formed. Further, the open groove-like space surrounded by the upper wall portion 11, the side wall portion 12 and the lower wall portion 13 and opened to the left and right corresponds to the hollow portion referred to in the present invention.

パンチ2は、方形板状の基部21と、基部21の中央から下方へ突き出した方形板状の凸部22とを有する。 The punch 2 has a square plate-shaped base portion 21 and a square plate-shaped convex portion 22 protruding downward from the center of the base portion 21.

パッド3は、凸部22と対向して配設された方形板状の柱体からなる。パッド3は、凸部22との間で試験片wを挟持した後、パンチ2に対して所定の反力を保持しつつ、パンチ2と従動する。なお、ダイス1、パンチ2およびパッド3は、奥行方向(図1の紙面法線方向)に延在している。 The pad 3 is composed of a square plate-shaped pillar body arranged so as to face the convex portion 22. After sandwiching the test piece w with the convex portion 22, the pad 3 follows the punch 2 while holding a predetermined reaction force against the punch 2. The dice 1, the punch 2, and the pad 3 extend in the depth direction (the direction normal to the paper surface in FIG. 1).

ベース4には、一対のダイス1が設置される。ベース4は、パッド3を内包して、パッド3の上下動を許容する貫通穴を中央に有する。ダイス1の凹部とベース4の貫通穴は面一状に連なっている。 A pair of dice 1 are installed on the base 4. The base 4 includes the pad 3 and has a through hole in the center that allows the pad 3 to move up and down. The recess of the die 1 and the through hole of the base 4 are flush with each other.

縦変位規制手段5は、空洞部内に収容された変位制御用の油圧シリンダー51と、それを横方向へ滑らかに(低摩擦で)移動させるリニアガイド52とを備える。油圧シリンダー51は、上壁部11を裏側から支持し、その縦方向の変位を所定値または所定範囲に規制している。 The vertical displacement regulating means 5 includes a hydraulic cylinder 51 for displacement control housed in the cavity and a linear guide 52 for smoothly moving the hydraulic cylinder 51 in the lateral direction (with low friction). The hydraulic cylinder 51 supports the upper wall portion 11 from the back side, and regulates the displacement in the vertical direction to a predetermined value or a predetermined range.

横変位規制手段6は、空洞部内に収容された変位制御用の油圧シリンダー61と、それを支持する支持壁62とを備える。支持壁62は、下壁部13の上面側に固定されている。油圧シリンダー61は、側壁部12を裏側から支持し、その横方向の変位を所定値または所定範囲に規制している。 The lateral displacement regulating means 6 includes a hydraulic cylinder 61 for displacement control housed in the cavity and a support wall 62 for supporting the hydraulic cylinder 61. The support wall 62 is fixed to the upper surface side of the lower wall portion 13. The hydraulic cylinder 61 supports the side wall portion 12 from the back side, and regulates the lateral displacement thereof to a predetermined value or a predetermined range.

変位測定手段は、例えば、上壁部11の左右端面に予め設定しておいた特定点の横方向への変位xを測定するレーザ変位計からなる。 The displacement measuring means includes, for example, a laser displacement meter that measures the lateral displacement x of a specific point set in advance on the left and right end faces of the upper wall portion 11.

油圧制御回路は、パンチ2を駆動する油圧シリンダー(駆動手段/図略)、縦変位規制手段5の油圧シリンダー51、および横変位規制手段6の油圧シリンダー61へ油圧を供給する油圧回路と、その油圧を調圧する調整弁と、その調整弁を制御する制御装置(コンピューター)とからなる。 The hydraulic control circuit includes a hydraulic cylinder (driving means / omitted) for driving the punch 2, a hydraulic cylinder 51 for the vertical displacement regulating means 5, and a hydraulic circuit for supplying hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 61 for the lateral displacement regulating means 6. It consists of a regulating valve that regulates hydraulic pressure and a control device (computer) that controls the regulating valve.

《評価方法》
装置Sにより試験片wを、次のようにしてプレス成形した。先ず、縦変位規制手段5と横変位規制手段6により、上壁部11と側壁部12の変位を所望の範囲に規制する。具体的には、油圧シリンダー51と油圧シリンダー61に、その所望の変位に応じた油圧を印加する。このとき、油圧シリンダー51は、リニアガイド52により支持されており、上壁部11の横方向への変位に追従する。また、油圧シリンダー51の先端部は球状であるため、上壁部11の傾動は許容される。
"Evaluation method"
The test piece w was press-molded by the apparatus S as follows. First, the vertical displacement regulating means 5 and the lateral displacement regulating means 6 regulate the displacements of the upper wall portion 11 and the side wall portion 12 within a desired range. Specifically, hydraulic pressure corresponding to the desired displacement is applied to the hydraulic cylinder 51 and the hydraulic cylinder 61. At this time, the hydraulic cylinder 51 is supported by the linear guide 52, and follows the lateral displacement of the upper wall portion 11. Further, since the tip portion of the hydraulic cylinder 51 is spherical, tilting of the upper wall portion 11 is allowed.

次に、パンチ2を上端(上死点)まで上昇させておき、パッド3の上端面を、ダイス1の上壁部11の上面と面一状態とする。それらの面上に、板状の試験片wを載置する。なお、本実施例では、試験片wとして、高張力鋼板(強度590MPa/300×100×t2mm)を用いた。 Next, the punch 2 is raised to the upper end (top dead center) so that the upper end surface of the pad 3 is flush with the upper surface of the upper wall portion 11 of the die 1. A plate-shaped test piece w is placed on those surfaces. In this example, a high-strength steel plate (strength 590 MPa / 300 × 100 × t2 mm) was used as the test piece w.

その試験片wの上方から、パンチ2を下降させる。試験片wは、パンチ2の凸部22の下端面とパッド3の上端面とに挟持されて、ダイス1の凹部へ押し込まれていく。パンチ2が下死点に到達したとき(本実施例では「成形終了時」という。)、試験片wの中央は開溝状に成形される(成形工程)。このとき、試験片wの外周側はダイス1の上壁部11とパンチ2の基部21により把持された状態となる。 The punch 2 is lowered from above the test piece w. The test piece w is sandwiched between the lower end surface of the convex portion 22 of the punch 2 and the upper end surface of the pad 3, and is pushed into the concave portion of the die 1. When the punch 2 reaches the bottom dead center (referred to as "at the end of molding" in this embodiment), the center of the test piece w is molded into an open groove shape (molding step). At this time, the outer peripheral side of the test piece w is in a state of being gripped by the upper wall portion 11 of the die 1 and the base portion 21 of the punch 2.

ダイス1は、パンチ2により大きな荷重を受け、上壁部11と側壁部12は成形中に変形(型たわみ)を生じる。その一例として、例えば、上壁部11の横方向の変位xを連続的にレーザ変位計により計測した(変位測定工程)。このとき得られた左右の上壁部11の変位xと、パンチ2の変位(凸部22の下端面が試験片wに当接してからの変位)との関係を図2に示した。 The die 1 receives a large load from the punch 2, and the upper wall portion 11 and the side wall portion 12 are deformed (mold bending) during molding. As an example, for example, the lateral displacement x of the upper wall portion 11 was continuously measured by a laser displacement meter (displacement measurement step). FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the displacement x of the left and right upper wall portions 11 obtained at this time and the displacement of the punch 2 (displacement after the lower end surface of the convex portion 22 abuts on the test piece w).

その成形後、パンチ2を上昇させて、試験片wの成形品を取り出した。その成形品の形状を計測した(形状計測工程)。その結果を図3に示した。図3には、パンチ2が下死点にある成形終了時(二点点鎖線)と、油圧シリンダー51、61へ供給する油圧を変更して成形した成形品の断面形状(破線と実線)とで示した。その油圧を高圧にして型たわみ量を小さくしたとき(高拘束状態:破線)、成形品のスプリングバック(除荷後の変形)も小さかった。一方、その油圧を低圧にして型たわみ量を大きくしたとき(低拘束状態:実線)、成形品のスプリングバックも大きくなった。なお、本実施例では、成形品の基準形状(キャビティ形状)として、開溝内幅:46mm、下端面から上端面までの高さ:80mmとした。 After the molding, the punch 2 was raised to take out the molded product of the test piece w. The shape of the molded product was measured (shape measurement process). The result is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the cross-sectional shape (broken line and solid line) of the molded product formed by changing the hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic cylinders 51 and 61 is shown at the end of molding when the punch 2 is at the bottom dead center (dashed line). Indicated. When the hydraulic pressure was increased to a high pressure to reduce the amount of mold deflection (high restraint state: broken line), the springback (deformation after unloading) of the molded product was also small. On the other hand, when the hydraulic pressure was reduced to a low pressure to increase the amount of mold deflection (low restraint state: solid line), the springback of the molded product also increased. In this embodiment, the reference shape (cavity shape) of the molded product is an open groove inner width: 46 mm and a height from the lower end surface to the upper end surface: 80 mm.

《評価情報》
上述した上壁部11等の変位測定と、成形品の形状計測との対応を明確にすることにより、型たわみ量が成形品の形状に及ぼす影響を定量化できる。例えば、上壁部11の変位xの最大値(型たわみ量/変位指標値)と、成形品の開き量の最大値(形状指標値)との関係は、図4のような比例関係となる。なお、開き量は、所定高さ(例えば下端から67mm上方位置)において、基準形状である開溝内幅と、実際の成形品の開溝内幅との差(ズレ量)である。
<< Evaluation information >>
By clarifying the correspondence between the displacement measurement of the upper wall portion 11 and the like described above and the shape measurement of the molded product, the influence of the amount of mold deflection on the shape of the molded product can be quantified. For example, the relationship between the maximum value of the displacement x of the upper wall portion 11 (mold deflection amount / displacement index value) and the maximum value of the opening amount of the molded product (shape index value) is proportional as shown in FIG. .. The opening amount is the difference (deviation amount) between the open groove inner width, which is the reference shape, and the open groove inner width of the actual molded product at a predetermined height (for example, 67 mm above the lower end).

成形品の形状指標値として、上述した開き量の他、図5に示すように、側壁部に着目した開き角θ1や曲率ρ(1/r)、上壁部に着目した開き角θ2などを用いてもよい。 As the shape index value of the molded product, in addition to the above-mentioned opening amount, as shown in FIG. 5, the opening angle θ1 and the curvature ρ (1 / r) focusing on the side wall portion, the opening angle θ2 focusing on the upper wall portion, and the like are used. You may use it.

S プレス成形型のたわみ評価装置
1 ダイス
11 上壁部
12 側壁部
2 パンチ
5 縦変位規制手段
6 横変位規制手段
S Press molding type deflection evaluation device 1 Die 11 Upper wall part 12 Side wall part 2 Punch 5 Vertical displacement controlling means 6 Lateral displacement controlling means

Claims (6)

横方向に延びる上壁部と該上壁部から縦方向に延びる側壁部と該上壁部および該側壁部の裏側に設けられた空洞部とを有するダイスと、
該側壁部により形成される凹部へ嵌入し得るパンチと、
該上壁部および/または該側壁部の変位を規制できる変位規制手段と、
該パンチを縦方向へ駆動する駆動手段と、
該上壁部および/または該側壁部の変位を測定する変位測定手段と、
を備えるプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置。
A die having an upper wall portion extending in the lateral direction, a side wall portion extending in the vertical direction from the upper wall portion, and a cavity portion provided on the upper wall portion and the back side of the side wall portion.
A punch that can be fitted into the recess formed by the side wall
Displacement regulating means capable of regulating the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion, and
A driving means for driving the punch in the vertical direction and
Displacement measuring means for measuring the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion, and
A press-molded deflection evaluation device equipped with.
前記変位規制手段は、前記上壁部の縦方向の変位を規制できる縦変位規制手段と前記側壁部の横方向への変位を規制できる横変位規制手段との少なくとも一方を備える請求項1に記載のプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置。 The first aspect of claim 1, wherein the displacement regulating means includes at least one of a vertical displacement regulating means capable of regulating the longitudinal displacement of the upper wall portion and a lateral displacement regulating means capable of regulating the lateral displacement of the side wall portion. Press molding type deflection evaluation device. 前記縦変位規制手段は、横方向への移動を許容するスライダーを備える請求項2に記載のプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置。 The press-molded deflection evaluation device according to claim 2, wherein the vertical displacement regulating means includes a slider that allows movement in the lateral direction. さらに、前記パンチと対向して配設され、該パンチに従動して縦方向に移動するパッドを備える請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のプレス成形型のたわみ評価装置。 The press-molded deflection evaluation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pad that is arranged to face the punch and moves in the vertical direction in accordance with the punch. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のたわみ評価装置を用いたプレス成形型のたわみ評価方法であって、
前記駆動手段により、前記ダイスの上壁部に載置した平板状の試験片を前記パンチで押圧して成形品を得る成形工程と、
前記変位測定手段により、該成形工程中における該上壁部および/または前記側壁部の変位を測定する変位測定工程と、
該成形品の形状を計測する形状計測工程と、
を備えるプレス成形型のたわみ評価方法。
A press-molded deflection evaluation method using the deflection evaluation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
A molding step of obtaining a molded product by pressing a flat plate-shaped test piece placed on the upper wall portion of the die with the punch by the driving means.
A displacement measuring step of measuring the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion during the molding process by the displacement measuring means.
A shape measurement process for measuring the shape of the molded product and
A method for evaluating the deflection of a press-molded mold.
さらに、前記変位測定工程により得られた前記上壁部および/または前記側壁部の変位と、前記形状計測工程により得られた前記成形品の形状を指標する形状指標値との相関を示す評価情報を生成する情報生成工程を備える請求項5に記載のプレス成形型のたわみ評価方法。 Further, evaluation information showing the correlation between the displacement of the upper wall portion and / or the side wall portion obtained by the displacement measuring step and the shape index value for indexing the shape of the molded product obtained by the shape measuring step. The method for evaluating the deflection of a press molding mold according to claim 5, further comprising an information generation step of generating the above.
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