JP2020135733A - Driver abnormality detector - Google Patents

Driver abnormality detector Download PDF

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JP2020135733A
JP2020135733A JP2019031732A JP2019031732A JP2020135733A JP 2020135733 A JP2020135733 A JP 2020135733A JP 2019031732 A JP2019031732 A JP 2019031732A JP 2019031732 A JP2019031732 A JP 2019031732A JP 2020135733 A JP2020135733 A JP 2020135733A
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尚太 宮口
Shota Miyaguchi
尚太 宮口
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Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a driver abnormality detector that can secure the safety of a driver and surroundings of a vehicle, by enabling detection of a state of the driver in which the driver is in a condition with difficulty to drive due to a disease or the like during driving in spite of being able to use an existing system.SOLUTION: In detecting a driver abnormality, a range of a frictional coefficient which can occur between an upper body of a driver and a steering wheel and a range of a residual in a face-down state. The frictional coefficient and the residual are estimated from a torque signal output from a steering motor and an angle signal output from a steering angle sensor. When the estimated frictional coefficient and the estimated residual are in the set range of the frictional coefficient and the set range of the residual, respectively, it is determined that the driver has a collapsed posture.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、ドライバーの異常検知装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a driver abnormality detection device.

近年、運転中にドライバーが、疾病等に起因して運転が困難な状態に陥った際の対策が注目されている。ドライバーが意識を失うと、自車だけでなく周囲の危険も高まる。そこで、ドライバーが運転できなくなるほどの、あらかじめ予測するのが困難な体調急変(ドライバー異常)が起きた際に、検知を行い、運転支援制御システムにより自動停止等の対処を行うことが検討されている。ドライバー異常が起きた際の判断基準の一つとして、姿勢崩れによる検知がある(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。 In recent years, attention has been paid to measures to be taken when a driver becomes difficult to drive due to an illness or the like while driving. When the driver loses consciousness, the danger not only to the vehicle but also to the surroundings increases. Therefore, when a sudden change in physical condition (driver abnormality) that is difficult to predict in advance occurs so that the driver cannot drive, it is considered to detect it and take measures such as automatic stop by the driving support control system. There is. One of the judgment criteria when a driver abnormality occurs is detection due to posture collapse (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

ドライバーの姿勢の検知は、研究や実用の両面で例があるが、次のような問題があった。従来においては、例えば、車内に近赤外光源および近赤外カメラと、これらを制御する制御ユニット等を設け、近赤外カメラによってドライバーの顔を撮影し、制御ユニットによってドライバーの顔の位置、顔の向きおよび目の開き具合等を、近赤外カメラによる撮像画像から解析し、その解析結果に基づき、ドライバーが正しい運転姿勢であるか否かを判定する技術が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。しかし、この技術をはじめとして、ドライバーの姿勢の検知には、上述の近赤外カメラ等の装置や、視覚センサ等の追加センサが必要であり、搭載にはコストがかかる。また、操舵軸のトルクセンサによって姿勢崩れを検出する方法も考えられるが、判定基準の設定が困難であり試行錯誤的である等の事情から、誤検出や検出漏れのおそれがあった。 There are examples of driver posture detection in both research and practical use, but there are the following problems. Conventionally, for example, a near-infrared light source, a near-infrared camera, a control unit for controlling these, and the like are provided in the vehicle, the driver's face is photographed by the near-infrared camera, and the position of the driver's face is determined by the control unit. A technique for analyzing the orientation of the face, the degree of opening of the eyes, etc. from an image captured by a near-infrared camera and determining whether or not the driver is in the correct driving posture based on the analysis result is disclosed (for example, See Patent Document 1). However, in order to detect the posture of the driver, including this technology, a device such as the near-infrared camera described above and an additional sensor such as a visual sensor are required, and the installation is costly. Further, a method of detecting the posture collapse by the torque sensor of the steering shaft is conceivable, but there is a risk of erroneous detection or detection omission due to circumstances such as difficulty in setting the judgment standard and trial and error.

特開2017−126287号公報JP-A-2017-126287

「ドライバー異常時対応システム(路肩退避型)基本設計書」,国土交通省自動車局 先進安全自動車推進検討会,平成30年3月"Basic Design Document for Driver Abnormality Response System (Road Shoulder Evacuation Type)", Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Advanced Safety Vehicle Promotion Study Group, March 2018

本発明は上記問題点を解決するものであり、既存のシステムを利用可能であるにもかかわらず、運転中に疾病等に起因して運転が困難な状態に陥ったドライバーの状態を検知可能とすることで、ドライバーの安全と車両周辺の安全とを確保することができる、ドライバー異常検知装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and makes it possible to detect the state of a driver who has become difficult to drive due to a disease or the like during driving even though an existing system can be used. By doing so, it is an object of the present invention to provide a driver abnormality detection device that can ensure the safety of the driver and the safety around the vehicle.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明のドライバー異常検知装置は、ドライバーの異常検知において、うつ伏せの状態でのドライバーの上体とステアリングホイールとの間に生じ得る摩擦係数の範囲および残差の範囲を設定し、操舵用モータから出力されるトルク信号と舵角センサから出力される角度信号とから、摩擦係数および残差を推定し、前記推定した摩擦係数および残差が、前記設定した摩擦係数の範囲内および残差の範囲内にある場合には、ドライバーの姿勢崩れがあると判定することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the driver abnormality detection device of the present invention has a range of friction coefficient and a range of residuals that can occur between the driver's upper body and the steering wheel in a prone state in the driver abnormality detection. Is set, the friction coefficient and the residual are estimated from the torque signal output from the steering motor and the angle signal output from the steering angle sensor, and the estimated friction coefficient and the residual are the set friction coefficient. When it is within the range of and within the range of the residual, it is determined that the driver's posture has collapsed.

本発明のドライバー異常検知装置において、ドライバーの姿勢崩れがあると判定した場合に警報音を発報する報知手段を備え、前記報知手段が所定時間解除されなければ、運転支援制御システムを起動させることが好ましい。 The driver abnormality detection device of the present invention is provided with a notification means for issuing an alarm sound when it is determined that the driver has a posture collapse, and if the notification means is not released for a predetermined time, the driving support control system is activated. Is preferable.

本発明によれば、既存のシステムを利用可能であるにもかかわらず、運転中に疾病等に起因して運転が困難な状態に陥ったドライバーの状態を検知可能とすることで、ドライバーの安全と車両周辺の安全とを確保することができる、ドライバー異常検知装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, the driver's safety can be detected by making it possible to detect the state of a driver who has fallen into a difficult state of driving due to a disease or the like while driving even though an existing system can be used. It is possible to provide a driver abnormality detection device that can ensure the safety around the vehicle and the vehicle.

図1は、本発明のドライバー異常検知装置の動作の一例を示すフロー図である。FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation of the driver abnormality detection device of the present invention.

以下、この発明の実施の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。ただし、本発明は、以下の例に限定および制限されない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to and limited to the following examples.

本発明のドライバー異常検知装置は、運転支援機能、あるいは、SAE J3016で定められる、若しくは「自動運転に係る制度整備大綱」(平成30年4月17日高度情報通信ネットワーク社会推進戦略本部 官民データ活用推進戦略会議)で定められる、レベル3以上の自動運転機能がある車両で用いることが好ましい。運転支援機能あるいは自動運転機能が作動中の状態において、本発明のドライバー異常検出装置を起動することが好ましい。 The driver abnormality detection device of the present invention has a driving support function, or is defined by SAE J3016, or "system development outline for automatic driving" (April 17, 2018, Advanced Information and Communication Network Social Promotion Strategy Headquarters Public-Private Data Utilization) It is preferable to use it in a vehicle having a level 3 or higher automatic driving function specified by the Promotion Strategy Council). It is preferable to activate the driver abnormality detection device of the present invention while the driving support function or the automatic driving function is operating.

また、本発明のドライバー異常検知装置は、特に、ドライバーがうつ伏せ状態(ヒトの上半身がステアリングホイールに接触している状態)であることをドライバー異常として検知可能とするものである。 Further, the driver abnormality detecting device of the present invention can detect, in particular, that the driver is in a prone state (a state in which the upper body of a human is in contact with the steering wheel) as a driver abnormality.

図1は、本発明のドライバー異常検知装置の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。本装置の動作フローに際しては、事前に、異常判定のために、ヒトの上半身がステアリングホイール上にうつ伏せ状態となっているときに生じうる摩擦係数の範囲、残差の範囲、および、摩擦推定にかける時間Tを設定しておく(オフライン処理)。前記摩擦係数は、クローン摩擦係数や粘性摩擦係数等である。また、前記残差は、摩擦モデルで算出されるトルクと実際のトルクセンサで計測されたと実測トルクとの差の平方和である。前記残差が大きければ、推定した摩擦係数は信頼できず、うつ伏せとはなっていないと判断できる。 FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the driver abnormality detection device of the present invention. In the operation flow of this device, the range of friction coefficient, the range of residuals, and the friction estimation that can occur when the upper body of a human is lying down on the steering wheel are determined in advance for abnormality determination. Set the time T to spend (offline processing). The friction coefficient is a clone friction coefficient, a viscous friction coefficient, or the like. The residual is the sum of squares of the difference between the torque calculated by the friction model and the measured torque measured by the actual torque sensor. If the residual is large, it can be determined that the estimated friction coefficient is unreliable and is not prone.

ステップS11では、手動運転であるか否かを判別する。手動運転であると判別されると(ステップS11、YES)、ステップS13に進み、EPS(電動パワーステアリング)用のアシストトルク(トルク信号)を操舵用モータから出力し、ステップS17に進む。一方、手動運転ではない(自動運転状態である)と判別されると(ステップS11、NO)、ステップS15に進み、摩擦特性を推定するためのトルク信号を、操舵用モータから出力し、ステップS17に進む。ステップS13およびステップS15において、操舵用モータから出力されるトルク信号は、車両の挙動への影響の問題がない程度の振幅の正弦波のトルク信号である。 In step S11, it is determined whether or not the operation is manual operation. If it is determined that the operation is manual operation (steps S11, YES), the process proceeds to step S13, the assist torque (torque signal) for EPS (electric power steering) is output from the steering motor, and the process proceeds to step S17. On the other hand, if it is determined that the operation is not manual operation (automatic operation state) (step S11, NO), the process proceeds to step S15, a torque signal for estimating friction characteristics is output from the steering motor, and step S17. Proceed to. In steps S13 and S15, the torque signal output from the steering motor is a sinusoidal torque signal having an amplitude that does not affect the behavior of the vehicle.

ステップS17では、トルクセンサから値(実測トルク)を取得し、メモリに保存し、ステップS19に進む。 In step S17, the value (measured torque) is acquired from the torque sensor, stored in the memory, and the process proceeds to step S19.

ステップS19では、時間T(前記オフライン処理で設定)の経過の有無を判別する。時間Tが経過と判別されると(ステップS19、YES)、ステップS21に進み、摩擦係数を推定する。一方、時間Tが経過していないと判別されると(ステップS19、NO)、ステップS17に戻る。摩擦係数の推定は、操舵角を検出する角度センサの信号を用いて、一括最小二乗法や、逐次最初二乗法を用いて行う。一括最小二乗法および逐次最初二乗法は、文献(足立修一,「システム同定の基礎」,東京電機大学出版局,2009年)記載の方法によるものである。 In step S19, it is determined whether or not the time T (set in the offline processing) has elapsed. When it is determined that the time T has elapsed (YES in step S19), the process proceeds to step S21 and the friction coefficient is estimated. On the other hand, if it is determined that the time T has not elapsed (step S19, NO), the process returns to step S17. The coefficient of friction is estimated by using the signal of the angle sensor that detects the steering angle and using the collective least squares method or the sequential first squares method. The collective least squares method and the sequential first squares method are based on the methods described in the literature (Shuichi Adachi, "Basics of System Identification", Tokyo Denki University Press, 2009).

摩擦係数が推定されるとステップS23に進む。ステップS23では、ステップS21で推定した摩擦係数が、前記オフライン処理で設定した摩擦係数の範囲内であるか否かを判別する。 When the friction coefficient is estimated, the process proceeds to step S23. In step S23, it is determined whether or not the friction coefficient estimated in step S21 is within the range of the friction coefficient set in the offline process.

ステップS23において、ステップS21で推定した摩擦係数が、前記オフライン処理で設定した摩擦係数の範囲内であると判別されると(ステップS23、YES)、ステップS25に進み、ステップS21で推定した摩擦係数と記録した速度とから推定トルクを算出し、実際のトルクセンサで計測された実測トルク(ステップS17で取得された値)との差の平方和(残差)を求め、ステップS27に進む。一方、ステップS21で推定した摩擦係数が、前記オフライン処理で設定した摩擦係数の範囲内ではないと判別されると(ステップS23、NO)、ステップS11に戻る。 In step S23, if it is determined that the friction coefficient estimated in step S21 is within the range of the friction coefficient set in the offline processing (steps S23, YES), the process proceeds to step S25, and the friction coefficient estimated in step S21 The estimated torque is calculated from the recorded speed, the sum of squares (residual) of the difference from the measured torque (value acquired in step S17) measured by the actual torque sensor, and the process proceeds to step S27. On the other hand, if it is determined that the friction coefficient estimated in step S21 is not within the range of the friction coefficient set in the offline process (steps S23, NO), the process returns to step S11.

ステップS27では、ステップS25で求めた残差が、前記オフライン処理で設定した残差の範囲内であるか否かを判別する。 In step S27, it is determined whether or not the residual obtained in step S25 is within the range of the residual set in the offline processing.

ステップS27において、ステップS25で求めた残差が、前記オフライン処理で設定した残差の範囲内であると判別(ステップS27、YES)、すなわち、推定した摩擦係数(ステップS21)および残差(ステップS25)の両方が前記オフライン処理で設定した範囲内に収まっていれば、ステップS29で、ステアリングホイールに異物が存在している、または、ドライバーの上半身が接触している(うつ伏せ状態である)と判別する。一方、ステップS25で求めた残差が、前記オフライン処理で設定した残差の範囲内ではないと判別されると(ステップS27、NO)、ステップS11に戻る。 In step S27, it is determined that the residual obtained in step S25 is within the range of the residual set in the offline processing (step S27, YES), that is, the estimated friction coefficient (step S21) and the residual (step). If both of S25) are within the range set in the offline process, it is determined that there is a foreign object on the steering wheel or the driver's upper body is in contact (in a prone state) in step S29. Determine. On the other hand, if it is determined that the residual obtained in step S25 is not within the range of the residual set in the offline processing (steps S27, NO), the process returns to step S11.

ステアリングホイールに異物が存在またはドライバーの上半身が接触していると判別すると(ステップS29)、車内(ドライバー、同乗者)向けに警報・報知を行う(ステップS31)。 When it is determined that a foreign object is present on the steering wheel or the upper body of the driver is in contact with the steering wheel (step S29), an alarm / notification is given to the inside of the vehicle (driver, passenger) (step S31).

ステップS31で、警報・報知を行い、ついで、ステップS33では、ステップS31の警報・報知に対するドライバーからの反応の有無を判別する。 In step S31, an alarm / notification is performed, and then in step S33, it is determined whether or not there is a reaction from the driver to the alarm / notification in step S31.

前記ドライバーからの反応としては、例えば、音声による反応(発話による正常状態の明示)、ハンドル操作による反応、車両を一旦停止するといったブレーキ操作による反応などを用いることができる。また、ステアリングホイールに異物が存在している場合、その異物を除去することでドライバーからの反応ありとする。 As the reaction from the driver, for example, a reaction by voice (clarification of the normal state by utterance), a reaction by a steering wheel operation, a reaction by a brake operation such as temporarily stopping the vehicle, or the like can be used. In addition, if foreign matter is present on the steering wheel, it is considered that there is a reaction from the driver by removing the foreign matter.

ステップS33において、ドライバーからの反応がないと判別されると(ステップS33、NO)、ステップS35に進み、同乗者および/または車外の交通参加者への報知を開始し、処理を終了する。 If it is determined in step S33 that there is no response from the driver (steps S33, NO), the process proceeds to step S35, starts notifying the passenger and / or the traffic participant outside the vehicle, and ends the process.

一方、ステップS33において、ドライバーからの反応があると判別されると(ステップS33、YES)、ステップS11に戻る。 On the other hand, if it is determined in step S33 that there is a reaction from the driver (step S33, YES), the process returns to step S11.

前記動作フローの処理終了後においては、手動運転の場合には自動運転に切り替えて、あるいは自動運転の場合にはその状態で、車両を路肩に停止させ、ドアロックを解除するとともに、登録している連絡先に自動通報するという処理を行うことが好ましい。警報音を発報してもドライバーが覚醒しなければ、疾病である(居眠りではない)と考えられるため、当該処理を行うことで、ドライバーに対して早期の救急救命措置を施すことができる。 After the processing of the operation flow is completed, in the case of manual driving, the vehicle is switched to automatic driving, or in the case of automatic driving, the vehicle is stopped on the shoulder, the door lock is released, and the vehicle is registered. It is preferable to perform a process of automatically reporting to existing contacts. If the driver does not awaken even after issuing the alarm sound, it is considered that the driver is ill (not dozing). Therefore, by performing this treatment, the driver can be given an early emergency lifesaving measure.

本発明のドライバー異常検知装置は、ステアリングホイールとドライバーの上半身等との間の摩擦特性に着目したものであり、ドライバーへの装置の装着や、車室内カメラやセンサの追加も不要であり、低コストで、安全性能を向上させることができるものである。本発明のドライバー異常検知装置は、コスト面とともに車体重量の面からも好適に採用することが可能である。 The driver abnormality detection device of the present invention focuses on the frictional characteristics between the steering wheel and the upper body of the driver, and does not require the device to be attached to the driver or the addition of a vehicle interior camera or sensor, and is low. It is possible to improve the safety performance at a cost. The driver abnormality detection device of the present invention can be suitably adopted not only in terms of cost but also in terms of vehicle weight.

Claims (2)

ドライバーの異常検知において、
うつ伏せの状態でのドライバーの上体とステアリングホイールとの間に生じ得る摩擦係数の範囲および残差の範囲を設定し、
操舵用モータから出力されるトルク信号と舵角センサから出力される角度信号とから、摩擦係数および残差を推定し、
前記推定した摩擦係数および残差が、前記設定した摩擦係数の範囲内および残差の範囲内にある場合には、ドライバーの姿勢崩れがあると判定することを特徴とする、ドライバー異常検知装置。
In driver anomaly detection
Set the range of coefficient of friction and the range of residuals that can occur between the driver's upper body and the steering wheel in a prone position.
The coefficient of friction and residuals are estimated from the torque signal output from the steering motor and the angle signal output from the rudder angle sensor.
A driver abnormality detection device, characterized in that, when the estimated friction coefficient and residual are within the range of the set friction coefficient and within the residual range, it is determined that the driver's posture has collapsed.
ドライバーの姿勢崩れがあると判定した場合に警報音を発報する報知手段を備え、
前記報知手段が所定時間解除されなければ、運転支援制御システムを起動させる、請求項1記載のドライバー異常検知装置。

Equipped with a notification means that issues an alarm sound when it is determined that the driver's posture has collapsed.
The driver abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the driving support control system is activated if the notification means is not released for a predetermined time.

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