JP2020115211A - Liquid crystal display device, polarization plate, and polarizer protective film - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display device, polarization plate, and polarizer protective film Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020115211A JP2020115211A JP2020039517A JP2020039517A JP2020115211A JP 2020115211 A JP2020115211 A JP 2020115211A JP 2020039517 A JP2020039517 A JP 2020039517A JP 2020039517 A JP2020039517 A JP 2020039517A JP 2020115211 A JP2020115211 A JP 2020115211A
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- XKPKPGCRSHFTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O XKPKPGCRSHFTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1 ABMFBCRYHDZLRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1C(O)=O DFFZOPXDTCDZDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 VAWFFNJAPKXVPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IVKNUIVDQMARCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazin-4-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CON=C1 IVKNUIVDQMARCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- FCJSHPDYVMKCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FCJSHPDYVMKCHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUBZKXFFIDEZKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-sulfonatobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC(C([O-])=O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 NUBZKXFFIDEZKG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/027—Thermal properties
- B32B7/028—Heat-shrinkability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
- B32B2307/736—Shrinkable
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- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、液晶表示装置内の偏光板に用いる偏光子保護フィルムに関する。 The present invention relates to a polarizer protective film used for a polarizing plate in a liquid crystal display device.
液晶表示装置（ＬＣＤ）に使用される偏光板は、通常ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）等にヨウ素を染着させた偏光子を２枚の偏光子保護フィルムで挟んだ構成であり、偏光子保護フィルムとしては通常トリアセチルセルロース（ＴＡＣ）フィルムが用いられている。近年、ＬＣＤの薄型化に伴い、偏光板の薄層化が求められるようになっている。しかし、このために保護フィルムとして用いられているＴＡＣフィルムの厚みを薄くすると、充分な機械強度を得ることが出来ず、また透湿性が悪化するという問題が発生する。また、ＴＡＣフィルムは非常に高価であり、安価な代替素材が強く求められている。 A polarizing plate used in a liquid crystal display device (LCD) is usually constituted by sandwiching a polarizer obtained by dyeing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or the like with iodine between two polarizer protective films. Is usually a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film. In recent years, as LCDs have become thinner, there has been a demand for thinner polarizing plates. However, if the thickness of the TAC film used as a protective film is thinned for this reason, sufficient mechanical strength cannot be obtained and the moisture permeability deteriorates. Further, the TAC film is very expensive, and there is a strong demand for an inexpensive alternative material.
そこで、偏光板の薄層化のため、偏光子保護フィルムとして厚みが薄くても高い耐久性が保持できるよう、ＴＡＣフィルムの代わりにポリエステルフィルムを用いることが提案されている（特許文献１〜３）。 Therefore, it has been proposed to use a polyester film instead of the TAC film as a polarizer protective film so as to maintain high durability even if the thickness is thin, for the purpose of thinning the polarizing plate (Patent Documents 1 to 3). ).
ポリエステルフィルムは、ＴＡＣフィルムに比べ耐久性に優れるが、ＴＡＣフィルムと異なり複屈折性を有するため、これを偏光子保護フィルムとして用いた場合、光学的歪みにより画質が低下するという問題があった。すなわち、複屈折性を有するポリエステルフィルムは所定の光学異方性（リタデーション）を有することから、偏光子保護フィルムとして用いた場合、斜め方向から観察すると虹状の色斑が生じ、画質が低下する。そのため、特許文献１〜３では、ポリエステルとして共重合ポリエステルを用いることで、リタデーションを小さくする対策がなされている。 The polyester film is superior in durability to the TAC film, but unlike the TAC film, it has birefringence. Therefore, when it is used as a polarizer protective film, there is a problem that image quality is deteriorated due to optical distortion. That is, since the polyester film having the birefringence has a predetermined optical anisotropy (retardation), when used as a polarizer protective film, rainbow-like color spots occur when observed from an oblique direction, and the image quality deteriorates. .. Therefore, in Patent Documents 1 to 3, measures are taken to reduce the retardation by using a copolyester as the polyester.
また、特許文献４には、バックライト光源として白色発光ダイオードを用い、更に偏光子保護フィルムとして一定のリタデーションを有する配向ポリエステルフィルムを用いることで、虹状の色むらを解決できることが開示されている。 Further, Patent Document 4 discloses that a white light emitting diode is used as a backlight light source and an oriented polyester film having a certain retardation is used as a polarizer protective film, whereby rainbow-like color unevenness can be solved. ..
特許文献５には、偏光子保護フィルムは、偏光板の製造時、あるいは得られた偏光板を液晶セルと複合させる工程など、多くの熱処理工程を通過するため、良好な寸法安定性を有すること具体的には１２０℃×３０分の非拘束熱処理後のポリエステルフィルムの収縮率が、フィルムＭＤ方向、ＴＤ方向のいずれにおいても５％以下であることが好ましいことが開示されている。 In Patent Document 5, the polarizer protective film has good dimensional stability because it undergoes many heat treatment steps such as the step of manufacturing a polarizing plate or the step of combining the obtained polarizing plate with a liquid crystal cell. Specifically, it is disclosed that the shrinkage ratio of the polyester film after the unrestrained heat treatment at 120° C. for 30 minutes is preferably 5% or less in both the MD direction and the TD direction of the film.
上述の通り、偏光子保護フィルムとして用いられるポリエステルフィルムは、種々の観点から改良が重ねられているが、本発明者らは、更なる改善の余地があることを見出した。即ち、本発明者らは、これまでに改良されたポリエステルフィルムを偏光子保護フィル
ムとして採用した偏光板をもう一つの偏光板とクロスニコルの関係となるように配置した場合に、僅かに光の漏れが生じ、視認性が悪化する場合があるという、新規な課題の存在を発見した。そこで、本発明は、上述の僅かな光の漏れを抑制することが可能な、ポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムを提供することを課題とする。
As described above, the polyester film used as the polarizer protective film has been improved from various viewpoints, but the present inventors have found that there is room for further improvement. That is, when the present inventors have arranged a polarizing plate using a polyester film improved so far as a polarizer protective film in a crossed Nicol relationship with another polarizing plate, the We discovered the existence of a new problem that leakage may occur and visibility may deteriorate. Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the polarizer protective film which consists of a polyester film which can suppress the above-mentioned slight light leak.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、ポリエステルフィルムの熱収縮率が最大となる方向とそのポリエステルフィルムの流れ方向又は幅方向とが成す角（即ち、フィルム流れ方向又はフィルム幅方向に対する熱収縮率が最大である方向の傾き）の絶対値が１５度以下となるように制御することにより上記課題が解決されることを見出した。斯かる知見に基づき、更なる検討を重ね、下記に代表される発明が提供される。
項１．
フィルム流れ方向又は幅方向とフィルムの熱収縮率が最大となる方向とが成す角の絶対値が１５度以下であるポリエステルフィルムである偏光子保護フィルム。
項２．
ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションが４０００〜３００００ｎｍであり、Ｎｚ係数が１．７以下である、項１に記載の偏光子保護フィルム。
項３．
ポリエステルフィルムの面配向度が０．１３以下である、項１又は２に記載の偏光子保護フィルム。
項４．
偏光子の両側に偏光子保護フィルムを積層した構成からなり、
少なくとも片側の偏光子保護フィルムが項１〜３のいずれかに記載の偏光子保護フィルムである、偏光板。
項５．
偏光子の片側に項１〜３のいずれかに記載の偏光子保護フィルムが積層された偏光板。
項６．
バックライト光源、２つの偏光板、及び前記２つの偏光板の間に配された液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記バックライト光源は連続した発光スペクトルを有する白色光源であり、
前記偏光板は偏光子の両側に偏光子保護フィルムを積層した構成であり、
入射光側に配される偏光板の偏光子保護フィルムの少なくとも一方、及び出射光側に配される偏光板の偏光子保護フィルムの少なくとも一方が、項１〜３のいずれかに記載の偏光子保護フィルムである、液晶表示装置。
項７．
前記入射光側に配される偏光板の入射光側の偏光子保護フィルム及び前記出射光側に配される偏光板の出射光側の偏光子保護フィルムが、項１〜３のいずれかに記載の偏光子保護フィルムである、項６に記載の液晶表示装置。
項８．
バックライト光源、２つの偏光板、及び前記２つの偏光板の間に配された液晶セルを有する液晶表示装置であって、
前記バックライト光源は連続した発光スペクトルを有する白色光源であり、
前記偏光板が項５に記載の偏光板である、液晶表示装置。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have made an angle formed by the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate of the polyester film is maximum and the flow direction or width direction of the polyester film (that is, film flow). It was found that the above problem can be solved by controlling so that the absolute value of (the inclination in the direction in which the heat shrinkage ratio with respect to the film width direction or the film width direction is the maximum) is 15 degrees or less. Based on such findings, further studies have been made to provide the invention represented by the following.
Item 1.
A polarizer protective film which is a polyester film in which the absolute value of the angle formed by the film flow direction or the width direction and the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate of the film is maximum is 15 degrees or less.
Item 2.
Item 2. The polarizer protective film according to Item 1, wherein the polyester film has a retardation of 4000 to 30,000 nm and an Nz coefficient of 1.7 or less.
Item 3.
Item 3. The polarizer protective film according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the polyester film has a degree of plane orientation of 0.13 or less.
Item 4.
It consists of a structure in which a polarizer protective film is laminated on both sides of the polarizer,
A polarizing plate, wherein the polarizer protective film on at least one side is the polarizer protective film according to any one of Items 1 to 3.
Item 5.
A polarizing plate in which the polarizer protective film according to any one of items 1 to 3 is laminated on one side of the polarizer.
Item 6.
A liquid crystal display device comprising a backlight light source, two polarizing plates, and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two polarizing plates,
The backlight light source is a white light source having a continuous emission spectrum,
The polarizing plate has a structure in which a polarizer protective film is laminated on both sides of a polarizer,
At least one of the polarizer protective film of the polarizing plate arranged on the incident light side and at least one of the polarizer protective film of the polarizing plate arranged on the outgoing light side are the polarizers according to any one of Items 1 to 3. A liquid crystal display device that is a protective film.
Item 7.
The polarizer protective film on the incident light side of the polarizing plate arranged on the incident light side and the polarizer protective film on the outgoing light side of the polarizing plate arranged on the outgoing light side are any of items 1 to 3. Item 7. The liquid crystal display device according to item 6, which is the polarizer protective film.
Item 8.
A liquid crystal display device comprising a backlight light source, two polarizing plates, and a liquid crystal cell arranged between the two polarizing plates,
The backlight light source is a white light source having a continuous emission spectrum,
A liquid crystal display device, wherein the polarizing plate is the polarizing plate according to Item 5.
本発明によれば、２枚の偏光板をクロスニコルの関係で配置した場合に、従来生じていた僅かな光の漏れを抑制することができる。また、好適な一実施形態に従えば、薄型化に適し、虹斑が生じないだけでなく、当該光の漏れに起因した視認性の悪化が軽減された、優れた視認性を有する液晶表示装置の提供が可能である。 According to the present invention, when two polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol relationship, it is possible to suppress the slight light leakage that has conventionally occurred. Further, according to a preferred embodiment, a liquid crystal display device having excellent visibility, which is suitable for thinning, does not cause iridescent spots, and reduces deterioration of visibility due to light leakage. Can be provided.
１．偏光子保護フィルム
本発明の偏光子保護フィルムは、ポリエステルフィルムであり、フィルムの流れ方向又は幅方向に対する熱収縮率が最大となる方向の傾き（以降、熱収縮率の傾きと簡略化して呼ぶことがある）の絶対値が１５度以下であることが好ましい。前記熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値は、好ましくは１２度以下であり、より好ましくは１０度以下であり、さらにより好ましくは８度以下であり、更に好ましくは６度以下であり、特に好ましくは４度以下、最も好ましくは２度以下である。熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値は小さいほど好ましいことから下限は０度である。
1. Polarizer Protective Film The polarizer protective film of the present invention is a polyester film, and the gradient in the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate is the maximum with respect to the flow direction or the width direction of the film (hereinafter, simply referred to as the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate). It is preferable that the absolute value of (is) is 15 degrees or less. The absolute value of the slope of the heat shrinkage rate is preferably 12 degrees or less, more preferably 10 degrees or less, even more preferably 8 degrees or less, further preferably 6 degrees or less, and particularly preferably It is 4 degrees or less, and most preferably 2 degrees or less. Since the smaller the absolute value of the slope of the heat shrinkage is, the more preferable, the lower limit is 0 degree.
上述する僅かな光の漏れが生じる正確なメカニズムは解明されていないが、次のように考えられる。通常、液晶表示装置の中には、２枚の偏光板がクロスニコルの関係となるように配置されている。２枚の偏光板をクロスニコル関係で配置すると、通常、光は２枚の偏光板を通過しない。しかし、偏光子保護フィルムが熱処理によって収縮すると、それに伴って偏光子にも収縮又は反り返りが僅かに生じ、結果として完全なクロスニコルの関係が崩れ、光りが漏れてしまうと考えられる。このような原理から、光の漏れは、偏光子保護フィルムの熱収縮率が最も大きい方向が、フィルム流れ方向又はフィルム幅方向に対して斜め方向である場合に顕著となる。尚、偏光子保護フィルム流れ方向は、通常、偏光子の偏光軸と並行又は垂直である。 Although the exact mechanism causing the above-mentioned slight light leakage has not been clarified, it is considered as follows. Usually, in a liquid crystal display device, two polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol relationship. When two polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicols relationship, light does not normally pass through the two polarizing plates. However, when the polarizer protective film is shrunk by heat treatment, the polarizer is also slightly shrunk or warped, and as a result, the perfect crossed Nicols relationship is broken and light is leaked. From such a principle, light leakage becomes remarkable when the direction in which the heat shrinkage of the polarizer protective film is the largest is the direction oblique to the film flow direction or the film width direction. The flow direction of the polarizer protective film is usually parallel or perpendicular to the polarization axis of the polarizer.
特許文献５には、ＭＤ方向、ＴＤ方向のいずれにおいても熱収縮率が５％以下であるポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムが開示されている。しかし、上述したメカニズムから明らかなように、ＭＤ方向の熱収縮率及びＴＤ方向の熱収縮率が小さくても、熱収縮率が最大となる方向がフィルム流れ方向又はフィルム幅方向に対して傾いている場合は、前記偏光の漏れの問題が生じる。 Patent Document 5 discloses a polarizer protective film made of a polyester film having a thermal shrinkage of 5% or less in both MD and TD directions. However, as is clear from the mechanism described above, even if the heat shrinkage in the MD direction and the heat shrinkage in the TD direction are small, the direction in which the heat shrinkage is maximum is inclined with respect to the film flow direction or the film width direction. If so, the problem of leakage of the polarized light arises.
また、特許文献５は、フィルム両端の部位についてもフィルム面内遅相軸とフィルムＴＤ方向とのなす角度及びそのばらつきを小さくし、液晶ディスプレイの色シフト及び色斑を防止することも開示する。しかし、フィルム面内遅相軸の向きと熱収縮率の傾きとは必ずしも並行ではないため、たとえフィルム面内遅相軸を制御したフィルムであったとしても、前記偏光の漏れの問題は生じる。 Patent Document 5 also discloses that the angle formed between the in-plane slow axis of the film and the film TD direction and its variation are reduced even at the ends of the film to prevent color shift and color spots in the liquid crystal display. However, since the direction of the in-plane slow axis and the gradient of the heat shrinkage ratio are not necessarily parallel to each other, even if the film has a controlled in-plane slow axis, the problem of leakage of the polarized light occurs.
本発明の偏光子保護フィルムに用いるポリエステルフィルムは、任意のポリエステル樹脂から得ることができる。ポリエステル樹脂の種類は、特に制限されず、ジカルボン酸とジオールとを縮合させて得られる任意のポリエステル樹脂を使用することができる。 The polyester film used for the polarizer protective film of the present invention can be obtained from any polyester resin. The type of polyester resin is not particularly limited, and any polyester resin obtained by condensing a dicarboxylic acid and a diol can be used.
ポリエステル樹脂の製造に使用可能なジカルボン酸成分としては、例えば、テレフタル
酸、イソフタル酸、オルトフタル酸、２，５−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、２，６−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、１，４−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、１，５−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、ジフェニルカルボン酸、ジフェノキシエタンジカルボン酸、ジフェニルスルホンカルボン酸、アントラセンジカルボン酸、１，３−シクロペンタンジカルボン酸、１，３−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、１，４−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、ヘキサヒドロテレフタル酸、ヘキサヒドロイソフタル酸、マロン酸、ジメチルマロン酸、コハク酸、３，３−ジエチルコハク酸、グルタル酸、２，２−ジメチルグルタル酸、アジピン酸、２−メチルアジピン酸、トリメチルアジピン酸、ピメリン酸、アゼライン酸、ダイマー酸、セバシン酸、スベリン酸、ドデカジカルボン酸等が挙げられる。
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid component that can be used for producing the polyester resin include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1 ,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenylcarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, diphenylsulfonecarboxylic acid, anthracenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid , Hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, 3,3-diethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, adipic acid, 2-methyladipic acid, trimethyl Examples thereof include adipic acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, dimer acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid and dodecadicarboxylic acid.
ポリエステル樹脂の製造に使用可能なジオール成分としては、例えば、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ヘキサメチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、１，２−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、１，４−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、デカメチレングリコール、１，３−プロパンジオール、１，４−ブタンジオール、１，５−ペンタンジオール、１，６−ヘキサジオール、２，２−ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）プロパン、ビス（４−ヒドロキシフェニル）スルホン等が挙げられる。 Examples of the diol component that can be used for producing the polyester resin include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, decamethylene glycol, and 1 ,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexadiol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, etc. Can be mentioned.
ポリエステル樹脂を構成するジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分は、いずれも１種又は２種以上を用いることができる。ポリエステルフィルムを構成する好適なポリエステル樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレートなどが挙げられ、より好ましくはポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリエチレンナフタレートを挙げることができるが、これらは更に他の共重合成分を含んでも良い。これらの樹脂は透明性に優れるとともに、熱的、機械的特性にも優れており、延伸加工によって容易にリタデーションを制御することができる。特に、ポリエチレンテレフタレートは固有複屈折が大きく、フィルムの厚みが薄くても比較的容易に大きなリタデーションが得られるので、最も好適な素材である。 The dicarboxylic acid component and the diol component constituting the polyester resin may be used either individually or in combination of two or more. Suitable polyester resin constituting the polyester film includes, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and the like, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, but these are Further, other copolymerization component may be contained. These resins have excellent transparency as well as thermal and mechanical properties, and the retardation can be easily controlled by stretching. In particular, polyethylene terephthalate is the most suitable material because it has a large intrinsic birefringence and a large retardation can be relatively easily obtained even if the film is thin.
(熱収縮率)
ポリエステルフィルムの熱収縮率は全方向において５％以下であることが好ましい。ポリエステルフィルムの全方向における熱収縮率は以下のようにして測定される。
(Heat shrinkage rate)
The heat shrinkage of the polyester film is preferably 5% or less in all directions. The heat shrinkage rate in all directions of the polyester film is measured as follows.
ポリエステルフィルムを一辺２１ｃｍの正方形状に切り出し、２３℃、６５％ＲＨの雰囲気で２時間以上放置する。このポリエステルフィルム上にその中央を中心とする直径８０ｍｍの円を描き、二次元画像測定機（例えば、ＭＩＴＵＴＯＹＯ製ＱＵＩＣＫ ＩＭＡＧＥ）を使用して、フィルムの流れ方向を０度として５度間隔で直径を測定する。ここで、フィルム流れ方向を０度として、テンター内でフィルムを上面から見た際に時計回り（右回り）を正の角度、反時計回り（左回り）を負の角度とする。−９０度〜８５度の範囲で測定すれば全方位についての直径が測定できる。 A polyester film is cut into a square shape having a side of 21 cm and left in an atmosphere of 23° C. and 65% RH for 2 hours or more. A circle with a diameter of 80 mm centered on the center is drawn on this polyester film, and a two-dimensional image measuring device (for example, QUICK IMAGE made by MITUTOYO) is used to set the diameter at 5 degree intervals with the film flowing direction as 0 degree. taking measurement. Here, the film flow direction is 0 degree, and clockwise (clockwise) is a positive angle and counterclockwise (counterclockwise) is a negative angle when the film is viewed from above in the tenter. The diameter in all directions can be measured by measuring in the range of -90 degrees to 85 degrees.
次いで、ポリエステルフィルムを８５℃で３０分間、水中で加熱処理した後、フィルム表面に付着した水分を拭き取り、風乾してから２３℃、６５％ＲＨの雰囲気中で２時間以上放置する。その後、上記と同様に円の直径を５度間隔で測定する。熱処理前の直径をLo、熱処理後の同方向の直径をLとし、下記の式に従って、各方向の熱収縮率が求められる
。
Then, the polyester film is heat-treated in water at 85° C. for 30 minutes, wiped off water adhering to the film surface, air-dried, and then left in an atmosphere of 23° C. and 65% RH for 2 hours or more. Then, the diameter of the circle is measured at intervals of 5 degrees in the same manner as above. Let Lo be the diameter before heat treatment and L be the diameter in the same direction after heat treatment, and obtain the heat shrinkage ratio in each direction according to the following formula.
熱収縮率（％）＝((L０− L)/ L０)×100 Heat shrinkage (%) = ((L 0 - L) / L 0) × 100
５度間隔で３６０度測定した熱収縮率をグラフで表示すると、例えば、図１のようになる。図１では、円の中心は熱収縮率０％であり、円の中心からの距離が長くなるに従い熱収縮率は大きくなることを示す。また、円周はフィルム流れ方向を０度とした角度を示す
。よって、９０度はフィルム幅方向と平行する。
When the heat shrinkage ratio measured at 5° intervals at 360° is displayed in a graph, for example, it becomes as shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows that the center of the circle has a heat shrinkage of 0%, and the heat shrinkage increases as the distance from the center of the circle increases. Further, the circumference indicates an angle with the film flow direction as 0 degree. Therefore, 90 degrees is parallel to the film width direction.
上記の測定方法で求められる熱収縮率は、その最大値が５％以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは３％以下、さらにより好ましくは１％以下、最も好ましくは０．５％以下である。熱収縮率の下限は特に制限されないが、例えば０．０１％以上である。 The maximum value of the heat shrinkage rate determined by the above measuring method is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, even more preferably 1% or less, and most preferably 0.5% or less. .. The lower limit of the heat shrinkage ratio is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.01% or more.
（熱収縮率の傾き）
上記の通り、熱収縮率は、５度間隔で測定されるが、熱収縮率が最大となる方向は、次の手順に従って、１度の精度で求められる。即ち、熱収縮率の測定結果（−９０度〜８５度の範囲の熱収縮率の結果）を図２のように横軸をフィルム流れ方向を０度とした角度、縦軸をその角度における熱収縮率としてプロットする。この際、−１８０度〜−９５度、及び９０度〜１７５度の値も補間する(−９０度の熱収縮率が９０度の熱収縮率に対応し
、０度の熱収縮率が−１８０度の熱収縮率に対応する)。次に、各プロットを結ぶ近似曲
線を引き、熱収縮率が最大となる方向を精度1度で読み取り、これをαと定義する。なお
、−９０度≦α≦９０度である。
(Slope of heat shrinkage rate)
As described above, the heat shrinkage rate is measured at intervals of 5 degrees, but the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate is maximized is obtained with an accuracy of 1 degree according to the following procedure. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the measurement result of the heat shrinkage ratio (result of the heat shrinkage ratio in the range of −90° to 85°) shows the angle at which the horizontal axis indicates the film flow direction as 0° and the vertical axis indicates the heat at that angle. Plot as shrinkage. At this time, values of -180 degrees to -95 degrees and 90 degrees to 175 degrees are also interpolated (a heat shrinkage rate of -90 degrees corresponds to a heat shrinkage rate of 90 degrees, and a heat shrinkage rate of 0 degree is -180 degrees. Corresponding to the heat shrinkage rate of degree) Next, an approximate curve connecting the plots is drawn, the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate is maximum is read with an accuracy of 1 degree, and this is defined as α. Note that −90 degrees≦α≦90 degrees.
熱収縮率が最大となる方向αが−４５度〜４５度の範囲にある場合は、その値を熱収縮率の傾きとする。また、熱収縮率が最大となる方向αが４５度以上及び−４５度以下の場合は、フィルム流れ方向ではなく、フィルム幅方向を基準に傾いていると解し、α−９０度（αが４５度以上の場合）、９０度＋α（αが−４５度以下の場合）を熱収縮率の傾きとする。熱収縮率の最大値と最小値との差が0.1％以下の場合には、全ての方向で熱収縮
率がほぼ等しく、熱収縮率に傾きが存在しないため、熱収縮率の傾きは0度とみなす。
When the direction α that maximizes the heat shrinkage is in the range of −45 degrees to 45 degrees, the value is taken as the slope of the heat shrinkage. When the direction α in which the heat shrinkage rate is maximum is 45 degrees or more and −45 degrees or less, it is understood that the film is inclined not in the film flow direction but in the film width direction, and α−90° (α is The slope of the thermal shrinkage is defined as 90°+α (when α is −45° or less). When the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the heat shrinkage is 0.1% or less, the heat shrinkage is almost the same in all directions and there is no slope in the heat shrinkage, so the slope of the heat shrinkage is 0 degree. To consider.
（光漏れ評価方法）
光漏れは、２枚の偏光板をクロスニコルの関係で配置し、これらを透過する５５０ｎｍ〜６００ｎｍの波長の光の最大透過率を測定する。光の透過率の測定は、任意の分光光度計を用いて行うことができる。測定される最大透過率は、好ましくは、０．０２％以下であり、より好ましくは０．０１５％以下である。
(Light leak evaluation method)
For light leakage, two polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol relationship, and the maximum transmittance of light having a wavelength of 550 nm to 600 nm that transmits these is measured. The light transmittance can be measured using any spectrophotometer. The maximum transmittance measured is preferably 0.02% or less, more preferably 0.015% or less.
次に、虹斑抑制の観点から、ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーション、及びＮｚ係数、及び面配向度について説明する。 Next, the retardation, the Nz coefficient, and the plane orientation degree of the polyester film will be described from the viewpoint of suppressing iris.
（リタデーション）
偏光子保護フィルムに用いられるポリエステルフィルムは、４０００〜３００００ｎｍのリタデーションを有することが好ましい。リタデーションが４０００ｎｍ以上であれば、液晶表示装置を斜め方向から観察したとき生じ得る虹斑が抑えられ、良好な視認性を確保することができる。ポリエステルフィルムの好ましいリタデーションは４５００ｎｍ以上、より好ましくは５０００ｎｍ以上、更に好ましくは６０００ｎｍ以上、より更に好ましくは８０００ｎｍ以上、一層好ましくは１００００ｎｍ以上である。ここで、４０００〜３００００ｎｍとは、下限値として４０００ｎｍを含み、上限値として３００００ｎｍを含むことを意味するが、含まない範囲も想定される。
(Retardation)
The polyester film used for the polarizer protective film preferably has a retardation of 4000 to 30,000 nm. When the retardation is 4000 nm or more, rainbow spots that may occur when the liquid crystal display device is observed from an oblique direction is suppressed, and good visibility can be secured. The preferred retardation of the polyester film is 4500 nm or more, more preferably 5000 nm or more, even more preferably 6000 nm or more, even more preferably 8000 nm or more, still more preferably 10000 nm or more. Here, 4000-30000 nm means that the lower limit value includes 4000 nm and the upper limit value includes 30000 nm, but a range that does not include is also envisioned.
ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションの上限は、特に制限されないが、例えば、３００００ｎｍである。それ以上のリタデーションを有するポリエステルフィルムを用いても更なる視認性の改善効果は実質的に得られず、リタデーションの上昇に伴ってフィルムの厚みも相当に厚くなり、工業材料としての取り扱い性が低下する恐れがあるためである。 The upper limit of the retardation of the polyester film is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30,000 nm. Even if a polyester film having a retardation of more than that is used, the effect of further improving visibility is not substantially obtained, and the thickness of the film becomes considerably thicker as the retardation increases, and the handling property as an industrial material decreases. This is because there is a risk of
配向ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションの値は、次の手順で求められる。分子配向計（例えば、王子計測器株式会社製、ＭＯＡ−６００４型分子配向計）を用いてフィルムの配向軸方向を求める。配向軸方向の屈折率（ｎｙ）及び配向軸方向とフィルム面内で直
交する方向の屈折率（ｎｘ）を測定波長５８９ｎｍで測定する。これら二軸方向の屈折率の差（異方性）の絶対値（｜ｎｙ−ｎｘ｜）を求め、それにフィルムの厚みを掛けて、リタデーションの値は求められる。フィルムのリタデーションは、例えば、ＫＯＢＲＡ−２１ＡＤＨ（王子計測機器株式会社）等の市販の自動複屈折測定装置を用いて測定することができる。また、フィルムの屈折率は、例えば、アッベ屈折率計（アタゴ社製、ＮＡＲ−４Ｔ）等の市販される測定器を用いて測定できる。
The retardation value of the oriented polyester film is obtained by the following procedure. The orientation axis direction of the film is determined using a molecular orientation meter (for example, MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). The refractive index (ny) in the orientation axis direction and the refractive index (nx) in the direction orthogonal to the orientation axis direction in the film plane are measured at a measurement wavelength of 589 nm. The absolute value (|ny-nx|) of the difference (anisotropy) in the refractive index in these biaxial directions is obtained, and it is multiplied by the film thickness to obtain the retardation value. The retardation of the film can be measured by using a commercially available automatic birefringence measuring device such as KOBRA-21ADH (Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.). The refractive index of the film can be measured using a commercially available measuring device such as an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T manufactured by Atago Co.).
（Ｎｚ係数）
偏光子保護フィルムに用いるポリエステルフィルムは、上述のリターデーションの範囲であることに加えて、｜ｎｙ−ｎｚ｜／｜ｎｙ−ｎｘ｜で表されるＮｚ係数が１．７以下であることが好ましい。Ｎｚ係数は次のようにして求めることができる。分子配向計（王子計測器株式会社製、ＭＯＡ−６００４型分子配向計）を用いてフィルムの配向軸方向を求め、配向軸方向とこれに直交する方向の二軸の屈折率（ｎｙ、ｎｘ、但しｎｙ＞ｎｘ）、及び厚さ方向の屈折率（ｎｚ）をアッベ屈折率計（アタゴ社製、ＮＡＲ−４Ｔ、測定波長５８９ｎｍ）によって求める。こうして求めたｎｘ、ｎｙ、ｎｚを、｜ｎｙ−ｎｚ｜／｜ｎｙ−ｎｘ｜で表される式に代入して、Ｎｚ係数を求めることができる。
(Nz coefficient)
The polyester film used for the polarizer protective film preferably has an Nz coefficient represented by |ny-nz|/|ny-nx| of 1.7 or less in addition to the above retardation range. .. The Nz coefficient can be obtained as follows. The orientation axis direction of the film is obtained by using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.), and biaxial refractive indices (ny, nx, in the orientation axis direction and a direction orthogonal to the orientation axis direction). However, ny>nx) and the refractive index (nz) in the thickness direction are determined by an Abbe refractometer (NAR-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., measurement wavelength 589 nm). The Nz coefficient can be obtained by substituting the thus obtained nx, ny, and nz into the expression represented by |ny-nz|/|ny-nx|.
ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションが４０００ｎｍ〜３００００ｎｍであっても、Ｎｚ係数が１．７を超えると、一対の偏光板の両方においてポリエステルフィルムを偏光子保護フィルムとして用いた場合に（例えば、入射光側に配される偏光板の入射光側の偏光子保護フィルム及び出射光側に配される偏光板の出射光側の偏光子保護フィルムがポリエステルフィルムである場合）、液晶表示装置を斜め方向から観察した際に、依然として、角度によっては虹斑が生じる場合がある。このような虹斑の発生を抑制するという観点からＮｚ係数はより好ましくは１．６５以下、さらに好ましくは１．６３以下である。Ｎｚ係数の下限値は、１．２である。これは、１．２未満のフィルムを得ることは製造技術的に難しいためである。また、フィルムの機械的強度を保つためには、Ｎｚ係数の下限値は１．３以上が好ましく、より好ましくは１．４以上、さらに好ましくは１．４５以上である。 Even if the retardation of the polyester film is 4000 nm to 30000 nm, if the Nz coefficient exceeds 1.7, when the polyester film is used as a polarizer protective film in both of the pair of polarizing plates (for example, it is arranged on the incident light side). When the polarizer protective film on the incident light side of the polarizing plate and the polarizer protective film on the outgoing light side of the polarizing plate arranged on the outgoing light side are polyester films), when observing the liquid crystal display device from an oblique direction In addition, iris may still occur depending on the angle. The Nz coefficient is more preferably 1.65 or less, and further preferably 1.63 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of such iris. The lower limit of the Nz coefficient is 1.2. This is because it is difficult to obtain a film of less than 1.2 in terms of manufacturing technology. Further, in order to maintain the mechanical strength of the film, the lower limit of the Nz coefficient is preferably 1.3 or more, more preferably 1.4 or more, and further preferably 1.45 or more.
（面配向係数）
ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーション値及びＮｚ係数を上記の特定範囲に制御することに加え、（ｎｘ＋ｎｙ）／２−ｎｚで表される面配向係数を特定値以下にすることにより、より確実に一対の偏光板の両方に偏光子保護フィルムとしてポリエステルフィルムを用いた場合の虹斑を解消することができる。ここで、ｎｘ、ｎｙ及びｎｚの値は、Ｎｚ係数と同様の方法で求められる。配向ポリエステルフィルムの面配向度は０．１３以下が好ましく、より好ましくは０．１２５以下、さらに好ましくは０．１２以下である。面配向度を０．１３以下にすることで、液晶表示装置を斜め方向から観察した場合に角度によって観察される虹斑を完全に解消することができる。面配向度は０．０８以上が好ましく、より好ましくは０．１以上である。面配向度が０．０８未満では、フィルム厚みが変動し、リタデーションの値がフィルム面内で不均一になる場合がある。
(Plane orientation coefficient)
In addition to controlling the retardation value and Nz coefficient of the polyester film within the above-mentioned specific ranges, by setting the plane orientation coefficient represented by (nx+ny)/2-nz to a specific value or less, the pair of polarizing plates can be more reliably formed. It is possible to eliminate the rainbow spots when a polyester film is used as a polarizer protective film for both. Here, the values of nx, ny, and nz are obtained by the same method as the Nz coefficient. The plane orientation degree of the oriented polyester film is preferably 0.13 or less, more preferably 0.125 or less, still more preferably 0.12 or less. By setting the degree of plane orientation to 0.13 or less, it is possible to completely eliminate the iris that is observed depending on the angle when the liquid crystal display device is observed from an oblique direction. The degree of plane orientation is preferably 0.08 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more. If the degree of plane orientation is less than 0.08, the film thickness may fluctuate and the retardation value may become non-uniform within the film plane.
（リタデーション比）
ポリエステルフィルムは、そのリタデーション（Ｒｅ）と厚さ方向リタデーション（Ｒｔｈ）の比（Ｒｅ／Ｒｔｈ）が、好ましくは０．２以上、より好ましくは０．５以上、さらに好ましくは０．６以上である。上記リタデーションと厚さ方向リタデーション（Ｒｔｈ）の比（Ｒｅ／Ｒｔｈ）が大きいほど、複屈折の作用は等方性を増し、観察角度による虹状の色斑の発生が生じ難くなるためである。完全な１軸性（１軸対称）フィルムでは上記リタデーションと厚さ方向リタデーションの比（Ｒｅ／Ｒｔｈ）は２となる。しかし、後述するように完全な１軸性（１軸対称）フィルムに近づくにつれ配向方向と直行する方向の機械的強度が著しく低下する。そこで、リタデーションと厚さ方向のリタデーション
の比（Ｒｅ／Ｒｔｈ）の上限は、好ましくは１．２以下、より好ましくは１以下である。観察角度による虹状の色斑発生を完全に抑制するためには、上記リタデーションと厚さ方向のリタデーションの比（Ｒｅ／Ｒｔｈ）が２である必要は無く、１．２以下で十分である。また、上記比率が１．０以下であっても、液晶表示装置に求められる視野角特性（左右１８０度、上下１２０度程度）を満足することは十分可能である。
(Retardation ratio)
The polyester film has a ratio (Re/Rth) of its retardation (Re) to thickness direction retardation (Rth) of preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.5 or more, and still more preferably 0.6 or more. .. This is because the larger the ratio (Re/Rth) of the retardation and the thickness direction retardation (Rth), the more isotropic the birefringence action becomes, and the occurrence of iridescent color spots depending on the observation angle is less likely to occur. In a perfect uniaxial (uniaxially symmetric) film, the ratio (Re/Rth) between the retardation and the thickness direction retardation is 2. However, as will be described later, the mechanical strength in the direction orthogonal to the orientation direction is significantly reduced as the film approaches a perfect uniaxial (uniaxially symmetric) film. Therefore, the upper limit of the ratio of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction (Re/Rth) is preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1 or less. The ratio (Re/Rth) of the retardation to the retardation in the thickness direction does not need to be 2 in order to completely suppress the generation of iridescent color spots due to the observation angle, and 1.2 or less is sufficient. Even if the above ratio is 1.0 or less, it is sufficiently possible to satisfy the viewing angle characteristics (about 180 degrees left and right, about 120 degrees up and down) required for the liquid crystal display device.
（厚み斑）
ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションの変動を抑制する為には、フィルムの厚み斑が小さいことが好ましい。この観点から、ポリエステルフィルムの厚み斑は５％以下であることが好ましく、４．５％以下であることがさらに好ましく、４％以下であることがよりさらに好ましく、３％以下であることが特に好ましい。フィルムの厚み斑は、次の手順で測定することができる。フィルムロールからＴＤ方向にフィルムを４０ｍｍ幅に切出す。切り出したサンプルをアンリツ製接触式連続厚み計（送り出し速度：１．５ｍ/min、サンプリング周期：100ms）により連続的にＴＤ方向の厚みを測定し、平均値、最大値、最小
値を求める。厚みムラは、以下の式で算出した値の絶対値とした。
厚み斑＝（（測定結果の最大値）−（測定結果の最小値））/（測定結果の平均値）×１
００（％）
(Thickness unevenness)
In order to suppress the fluctuation of the retardation of the polyester film, it is preferable that the thickness unevenness of the film is small. From this viewpoint, the thickness unevenness of the polyester film is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 4.5% or less, further preferably 4% or less, and particularly preferably 3% or less. preferable. The thickness unevenness of the film can be measured by the following procedure. A film is cut into a 40 mm width from the film roll in the TD direction. The cut-out sample is continuously measured in thickness in the TD direction with an Anritsu contact type continuous thickness meter (feeding speed: 1.5 m/min, sampling period: 100 ms) to obtain an average value, a maximum value and a minimum value. The thickness unevenness was the absolute value of the value calculated by the following formula.
Thickness unevenness = ((maximum value of measurement result)-(minimum value of measurement result))/(average value of measurement result) x 1
00 (%)
（フィルム厚み）
ポリエステルフィルムの厚みは、特に制限されないが、通常１５〜３００μｍであり、好ましくは１５〜２００μｍである。フィルム厚みが１５μｍ未満では、フィルムの力学特性の異方性が顕著となり、裂け、破れ等を生じる場合がある。特に好ましい厚みの下限は２５μｍである。一方、偏光子保護フィルムの厚みの上限は、３００μｍを超えると偏光板の厚みが厚くなりすぎてしまい好ましくない。偏光子保護フィルムとしての実用性の観点から、厚みの上限は２００μｍが好ましい。特に好ましい厚みの上限は一般的なＴＡＣフィルムと同等程度の１００μｍである。
(Film thickness)
The thickness of the polyester film is not particularly limited, but is usually 15 to 300 μm, preferably 15 to 200 μm. When the film thickness is less than 15 μm, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the film becomes remarkable, and tearing or tearing may occur. The particularly preferable lower limit of the thickness is 25 μm. On the other hand, if the upper limit of the thickness of the polarizer protective film exceeds 300 μm, the thickness of the polarizing plate becomes too thick, which is not preferable. From the viewpoint of practicality as a polarizer protective film, the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 200 μm. A particularly preferable upper limit of the thickness is 100 μm, which is equivalent to that of a general TAC film.
（光透過率）
ポリエステルフィルムは、偏光子に含まれるヨウ素色素等の光学機能性色素の劣化を抑制する観点から、波長３８０ｎｍの光線透過率が２０％以下であることが望ましい。３８０ｎｍの光線透過率は１５％以下がより好ましく、１０％以下がさらに好ましく、５％以下が特に好ましい。前記光線透過率が２０％以下であれば、光学機能性色素の紫外線による変質を抑制することができる。光線透過率は、フィルムの平面に対して垂直方法に測定したものであり、分光光度計（例えば、日本分光製分光光度計Ｖ−７１００）を用いて測定することができる。
(Light transmittance)
The polyester film preferably has a light transmittance of 20% or less at a wavelength of 380 nm from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of an optical functional dye such as an iodine dye contained in the polarizer. The light transmittance at 380 nm is more preferably 15% or less, further preferably 10% or less, and particularly preferably 5% or less. When the light transmittance is 20% or less, deterioration of the optically functional dye due to ultraviolet rays can be suppressed. The light transmittance is measured by a method perpendicular to the plane of the film and can be measured using a spectrophotometer (for example, a spectrophotometer V-7100 manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
配向ポリエステルフィルムの波長３８０ｎｍの透過率は、配合する紫外線吸収剤の種類及び濃度、並びにフィルムの厚みを適宜調節することで２０％以下に制御することができる。本発明で使用される紫外線吸収剤には、公知の紫外線吸収剤を適宜選択して使用することができる。具体的な紫外線吸収剤としては、有機系紫外線吸収剤と無機系紫外線吸収剤が挙げられるが、透明性の観点から有機系紫外線吸収剤が好ましい。 The transmittance of the oriented polyester film at a wavelength of 380 nm can be controlled to 20% or less by appropriately adjusting the type and concentration of the ultraviolet absorber to be blended and the thickness of the film. As the ultraviolet absorber used in the present invention, a known ultraviolet absorber can be appropriately selected and used. Specific UV absorbers include organic UV absorbers and inorganic UV absorbers, and organic UV absorbers are preferred from the viewpoint of transparency.
有機系紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾール系、ベンゾフェノン系、及び環状イミノエステル系等、並びにこれらの任意の組み合わせが挙げられるが特に限定されない。耐久性の観点からはベンゾトアゾール系、又は環状イミノエステル系が特に好ましい。２種以上の紫外線吸収剤を併用した場合には、別々の波長の紫外線を同時に吸収させることができるので、より紫外線吸収効果を改善することができる。 Examples of the organic UV absorber include, but are not particularly limited to, benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, and cyclic iminoester-based, and any combination thereof. From the viewpoint of durability, benzotoazole type or cyclic iminoester type is particularly preferable. When two or more kinds of ultraviolet absorbers are used in combination, ultraviolet rays having different wavelengths can be simultaneously absorbed, so that the ultraviolet ray absorbing effect can be further improved.
ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤、及びアクリロニトリル系紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、２−［２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−（メタクリロ
イルオキシメチル）フェニル］−２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール、２−［２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−（メタクリロイルオキシエチル）フェニル］−２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール、２−［２’−ヒドロキシ−５’−（メタクリロイルオキシプロピル）フェニル］−２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール、２，２’−ジヒドロキシ−４，４’−ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、２，２’，４，４’−テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、２，４−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−６−（５−クロロベンゾトリアゾール−２−イル）フェノール、２−（２’−ヒドロキシ−３’−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−５’−メチルフェニル）−５−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、２−（５−クロロ（２Ｈ）−ベンゾトリアゾール−２−イル）−４−メチル−６−（ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル）フェノール、２，２’−メチレンビス（４−（１，１，３，３−テトラメチルブチル）−６−（２Ｈ−ベンゾトリアゾール−２−イル）フェノール等が挙げられる。環状イミノエステル系紫外線吸収剤としては、例えば、２，２’−（１，４−フェニレン）ビス（４Ｈ−３，１−ベンズオキサジノン−４−オン）、２−メチル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−ブチル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン、２−フェニル−３，１−ベンゾオキサジン−４−オン等が挙げられる。これらの紫外線吸収剤は、１種のみを使用してもよく、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the benzophenone-based UV absorber, the benzotriazole-based UV absorber, and the acrylonitrile-based UV absorber include 2-[2′-hydroxy-5′-(methacryloyloxymethyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole and 2- [2′-Hydroxy-5′-(methacryloyloxyethyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[2′-hydroxy-5′-(methacryloyloxypropyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2,2′ -Dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)phenol, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(5-chloro(2H)-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl- 6-(tert-butyl)phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol, etc. may be mentioned. Examples of the cyclic imino ester-based ultraviolet absorber include 2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(4H-3,1-benzoxazinone-4-one) and 2-methyl-3,1-benzo. Oxazin-4-one, 2-butyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, 2-phenyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, etc. These UV absorbers are only one kind. May be used, or two or more may be used in combination.
ポリエステルフィルムに紫外線吸収剤を配合する場合、配向ポリエステルフィルムを３層以上の多層構造とし、フィルムの最外層以外の層（即ち、中間層）に紫外線吸収剤を添加することが好ましい。 When the ultraviolet absorber is blended with the polyester film, it is preferable that the oriented polyester film has a multilayer structure of three layers or more and the ultraviolet absorber is added to a layer other than the outermost layer of the film (that is, an intermediate layer).
（その他の成分等）
配向ポリエステルフィルムには、紫外線吸収剤以外に、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で、各種の添加剤を含有させることも好ましい様態である。添加剤として、例えば、無機粒子、耐熱性高分子粒子、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属化合物、リン化合物、帯電防止剤、耐光剤、難燃剤、熱安定剤、酸化防止剤、ゲル化防止剤、界面活性剤等が挙げられる。また、高い透明性を奏するためにはポリエステルフィルムに実質的に粒子を含有しないことも好ましい。「粒子を実質的に含有させない」とは、例えば無機粒子の場合、ケイ光Ｘ線分析で無機元素を定量した場合に５０ｐｐｍ以下、好ましくは１０ｐｐｍ以下、特に好ましくは検出限界以下となる含有量を意味する。
(Other ingredients, etc.)
It is also a preferable mode that the oriented polyester film contains various additives in addition to the ultraviolet absorber, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. As additives, for example, inorganic particles, heat-resistant polymer particles, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, phosphorus compounds, antistatic agents, light stabilizers, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, antioxidants, gelation inhibitors , Surfactants and the like. Further, in order to achieve high transparency, it is also preferable that the polyester film contains substantially no particles. "Substantially free of particles" means, for example, in the case of inorganic particles, a content of 50 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppm or less, particularly preferably a detection limit or less when the inorganic element is quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis. means.
（易接着層）
本発明においては、偏光子との接着性を改良のために、ポリエステルフィルムの少なくとも片面に、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂又はポリアクリル樹脂の少なくとも１種類を主成分とする易接着層を有することが好ましい。ここで、「主成分」とは易接着層を構成する固形成分のうち５０質量％以上である成分をいう。易接着層の形成に用いる塗布液は、水溶性又は水分散性の共重合ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂及びポリウレタン樹脂の内、少なくとも１種を含む水性塗布液が好ましい。これらの塗布液としては、例えば、特許第３５６７９２７号公報、特許第３５８９２３２号公報、特許第３５８９２３３号公報、特許第３９００１９１号公報、特許第４１５０９８２号公報等に開示された水溶性又は水分散性共重合ポリエステル樹脂溶液、アクリル樹脂溶液、及びポリウレタン樹脂溶液等が挙げられる。
(Easy adhesion layer)
In the present invention, in order to improve the adhesiveness with the polarizer, it is preferable to have an easy-adhesion layer containing at least one type of polyester resin, polyurethane resin or polyacrylic resin as a main component on at least one surface of the polyester film. .. Here, the "main component" refers to a component that is 50% by mass or more of the solid components that form the easy-adhesion layer. The coating liquid used for forming the easy-adhesion layer is preferably an aqueous coating liquid containing at least one of a water-soluble or water-dispersible copolyester resin, an acrylic resin and a polyurethane resin. Examples of these coating solutions include water-soluble or water-dispersible compounds disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3567927, Japanese Patent No. 3589232, Japanese Patent No. 3589233, Japanese Patent No. 3900191 and Japanese Patent No. 4150982. Examples include polymerized polyester resin solutions, acrylic resin solutions, polyurethane resin solutions, and the like.
易接着層は、上記塗布液を未延伸フィルム又は縦方向の１軸延伸フィルムの片面又は両面に塗布した後、１００〜１５０℃で乾燥し、さらに横方向に延伸して得ることができる。最終的な易接着層の塗布量は、０．０５〜０．２ｇ／ｍ２に管理することが好ましい。塗布量が０．０５ｇ／ｍ２未満であると、得られる偏光子との接着性が不十分となる場合がある。一方、塗布量が０．２ｇ／ｍ２を超えると、耐ブロッキング性が低下する場合がある。ポリエステルフィルムの両面に易接着層を設ける場合は、両面の易接着層の塗布量は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、それぞれ独立して上記範囲内で設定することができる。 The easy-adhesion layer can be obtained by applying the above-mentioned coating solution to one side or both sides of an unstretched film or a uniaxially stretched film in the longitudinal direction, drying at 100 to 150°C, and further stretching in the lateral direction. The final coating amount of the easy adhesion layer is preferably controlled to 0.05 to 0.2 g/m 2 . When the coating amount is less than 0.05 g/m 2 , the adhesiveness to the obtained polarizer may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the coating amount exceeds 0.2 g/m 2 , the blocking resistance may decrease. When the easy-adhesion layers are provided on both sides of the polyester film, the coating amount of the easy-adhesion layers on both sides may be the same or different, and can be independently set within the above range.
易接着層には易滑性を付与するために粒子を添加することが好ましい。微粒子の平均粒径は２μｍ以下であることが好ましい。粒子の平均粒径が２μｍを超えると、粒子が被覆層から脱落しやすくなる。易接着層に含有させる粒子としては、例えば、酸化チタン、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、シリカ、アルミナ、タルク、カオリン、クレー、リン酸カルシウム、雲母、ヘクトライト、ジルコニア、酸化タングステン、フッ化リチウム、フッ化カルシウム等の無機粒子や、スチレン系、アクリル系、メラミン系、ベンゾグアナミン系、シリコーン系等の有機ポリマー系粒子等が挙げられる。これらは、単独で易接着層に添加されてもよく、２種以上を組み合わせて添加することもできる。 It is preferable to add particles to the easy-adhesion layer in order to impart slipperiness. The average particle size of the fine particles is preferably 2 μm or less. When the average particle size of the particles exceeds 2 μm, the particles are likely to fall off the coating layer. As the particles to be contained in the easy-adhesion layer, for example, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, silica, alumina, talc, kaolin, clay, calcium phosphate, mica, hectorite, zirconia, tungsten oxide, lithium fluoride, Examples thereof include inorganic particles such as calcium fluoride and organic polymer particles such as styrene-based, acrylic-based, melamine-based, benzoguanamine-based, and silicone-based particles. These may be added to the easy-adhesion layer alone or in combination of two or more.
粒子の平均粒径は、走査型電子顕微鏡（ＳＥＭ）で粒子の写真を撮り、最も小さい粒子１個の大きさが２〜５ｍｍとなるような倍率で、３００〜５００個の粒子の最大径（最も離れた２点間の距離）を測定し、その平均値を計算して得ることができる。 The average particle diameter of the particles is determined by taking a photograph of the particles with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the maximum diameter of 300 to 500 particles (at a magnification such that the size of the smallest particle is 2 to 5 mm). The distance can be obtained by measuring the distance between the two points that are farthest apart and calculating the average value.
塗布液は、公知の方法を用いて塗布することができる。例えば、リバースロール・コート法、グラビア・コート法、キス・コート法、ロールブラッシュ法、スプレーコート法、エアナイフコート法、ワイヤーバーコート法、パイプドクター法等が挙げられる。これらの方法を単独であるいは組み合わせて行うことができる。 The coating solution can be applied using a known method. Examples thereof include a reverse roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a kiss coating method, a roll brushing method, a spray coating method, an air knife coating method, a wire bar coating method and a pipe doctor method. These methods can be performed alone or in combination.
ポリエステルフィルムには、偏光子との接着性を良好にするためにコロナ処理、コーティング処理や火炎処理等を施したりすることも可能である。 The polyester film may be subjected to corona treatment, coating treatment, flame treatment or the like in order to improve the adhesiveness to the polarizer.
（機能層）
ポリエステルフィルムの偏光子が配置される面とは反対側の面に、写り込み防止やギラツキ抑制、キズ抑制等を目的として、種々の機能層、すなわちハードコート層、防眩層、反射防止層、低反射層、低反射防止層、及び反射防止防眩層、帯電防止層からなる群より選択される１種以上の機能層を配向ポリエステル表面に設けることも好ましい様態である。種々の機能層を設けるに際して、配向ポリエステルフィルムはその表面に易接着層を有することが好ましい。その際、反射光による干渉を抑える観点から、易接着層の屈折率を、機能層の屈折率と配向ポリエステルフィルムの屈折率の相乗平均近傍になるように調整することが好ましい。易接着層の屈折率の調整は、公知の方法を採用することができ、例えば、バインダー樹脂に、チタンやジルコニウム、その他の金属種を含有させることで容易に調整することができる。
(Functional layer)
On the surface opposite to the surface on which the polarizer of the polyester film is arranged, various functional layers, that is, a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, an antireflection layer, for the purpose of preventing glare, suppressing glare, and suppressing scratches, etc. It is also a preferred embodiment to provide the oriented polyester surface with at least one functional layer selected from the group consisting of a low reflection layer, a low antireflection layer, an antireflection antiglare layer, and an antistatic layer. When providing various functional layers, the oriented polyester film preferably has an easy-adhesion layer on its surface. At that time, from the viewpoint of suppressing interference due to reflected light, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer so as to be close to the geometric mean of the refractive index of the functional layer and the refractive index of the oriented polyester film. The refractive index of the easy-adhesion layer can be adjusted by a known method. For example, the binder resin can be easily adjusted by incorporating titanium, zirconium, or another metal species.
（ポリエステルフィルムの製造方法）
偏光子保護フィルムとして用いるポリエステルフィルムは、一般的なポリエステルフィルムの製造方法に従って製造することができる。例えば、ポリエステル樹脂を溶融し、シート状に押出し成形された無配向ポリエステルをガラス転移温度以上の温度において、ロールの速度差を利用して縦方向に延伸した後、テンターにより横方向に延伸し、熱処理を施す方法が挙げられる。一軸延伸フィルムでも、二軸延伸フィルムであっても良い。
(Method for producing polyester film)
The polyester film used as the polarizer protective film can be manufactured according to a general method for manufacturing a polyester film. For example, a polyester resin is melted, and a non-oriented polyester extruded and molded into a sheet shape is stretched in the longitudinal direction by utilizing a speed difference of rolls at a temperature of a glass transition temperature or higher, and then stretched in a lateral direction by a tenter, A method of applying heat treatment may be mentioned. It may be a uniaxially stretched film or a biaxially stretched film.
(熱収縮率の傾き低減)
フィルム流れ方向又は幅方向に対する熱収縮率が最大となる方向の傾きの絶対値を１５度以下に制御する手段は特に制限されないが、次の点に留意することが好ましい。即ち、テンター内の熱処理工程後の冷却区間では、熱固定で除去しきれなかった延伸に伴う収縮応力と冷却に伴う熱応力が存在する。また、端部のフィルムはクリップで拘束されているのに対して中央部のフィルムは比較的伸縮可能であることから、冷却区間でフィルム流れ方向と幅方向における応力の分布に偏りが存在する。これらが主な原因となり、熱収縮率の傾きが発生する。このような事情を踏まえ、以下に熱収縮率の傾きを低減する具体的な手段を例示する。
(Reduction of heat shrinkage gradient)
The means for controlling the absolute value of the inclination in the direction in which the heat shrinkage ratio is maximum with respect to the film flow direction or the width direction is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to note the following points. That is, in the cooling section after the heat treatment step in the tenter, there are shrinkage stress due to stretching and thermal stress due to cooling that could not be completely removed by heat setting. Further, since the film at the end is constrained by the clip, while the film at the center is relatively expandable and contractible, there is a bias in the distribution of stress in the film flow direction and the width direction in the cooling section. These are the main causes, and the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate occurs. In view of such circumstances, specific means for reducing the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio will be exemplified below.
（熱収縮率の傾きの低減方法１）
熱固定後の冷却区間で、クリップ間隔をフィルム流れ方向に狭め、テンター冷却区間でのフィルムの流れ方向の応力を均一にでき、熱収縮率の傾きを低減することが出来る。よって、熱収縮率の傾きを低減するには、クリップ間隔を狭める温度帯を適切に調整することが好ましい。フィルム組成やフィルム製造条件によって異なるため、特に限定されないが、温度が高すぎる場合、流れ方向に対して左側端部（フィルムを上から見た場合）のフィルムは熱収縮率の傾きが正の方向に大きくなる（右側端部は負の方向に大きくなる）。また、温度が低すぎる場合、フィルムの熱収縮量が小さ過ぎ、平面性不良となるため好ましくない。このように、クリップ間隔を狭める温度を適正な範囲に設定することでテンター冷却区間での流れ方向の応力を均一にして、熱収縮率の傾きを低減させることが出来る。
(Method 1 for reducing the gradient of heat shrinkage rate)
In the cooling section after heat fixing, the clip interval can be narrowed in the film flow direction, the stress in the film flow direction in the tenter cooling section can be made uniform, and the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate can be reduced. Therefore, in order to reduce the gradient of the thermal contraction rate, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the temperature band in which the clip interval is narrowed. There is no particular limitation because it depends on the film composition and film manufacturing conditions, but if the temperature is too high, the film at the left end (when the film is viewed from above) with respect to the flow direction has a positive thermal shrinkage gradient. (The right end grows in the negative direction). Further, if the temperature is too low, the amount of heat shrinkage of the film is too small, resulting in poor flatness, which is not preferable. As described above, by setting the temperature for narrowing the clip interval in an appropriate range, the stress in the flow direction in the tenter cooling section can be made uniform, and the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate can be reduced.
熱収縮率の傾きを低減するには、フィルム流れ方向にクリップ間隔を狭める緩和率も重要である。フィルム組成やフィルム製造条件によって異なるため、特に限定されないが、緩和率は、０．０１〜３％が好ましく、０．０５〜１．５％がより好ましい。緩和率が高すぎる場合、フィルムが縮みきらず、平面性不良となるため好ましくない。また、緩和率が低すぎる場合、熱収縮率の傾きの低減効果が低くなる。ここにおける緩和率とは、図３に示すようなクリップの中心間距離を用いて、下記の式で計算することが出来る。
緩和率＝（（（緩和前のクリップ間距離）―（緩和後のクリップ間距離））／（緩和前のクリップ間距離））×１００（％）
幅方向の熱収縮率が高すぎる場合には、熱収縮率の傾きが大きくなる傾向がある。そのため、テンターレールパターンを調整し、フィルム幅方向にクリップ間隔を狭める緩和率と温度を適切に調整することがより好ましい。このように、クリップ間隔をフィルム流れ方向に狭める温度帯と緩和率を適当な範囲に設定すること、及び、必要に応じてテンターレールパターンを幅方向の収縮率が大きくなり過ぎないように適切に調整することでテンター冷却区間での流れ方向の応力を均一にして、熱収縮率の傾きを低減させることが出来る。
In order to reduce the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate, the relaxation rate that narrows the clip interval in the film flow direction is also important. The relaxation rate is preferably 0.01 to 3%, and more preferably 0.05 to 1.5%, although it is not particularly limited because it depends on the film composition and the film production conditions. If the relaxation rate is too high, the film does not shrink, resulting in poor flatness, which is not preferable. Further, if the relaxation rate is too low, the effect of reducing the slope of the thermal contraction rate becomes low. The relaxation rate here can be calculated by the following formula using the distance between the centers of the clips as shown in FIG.
Relaxation rate = (((distance between clips before relaxation)-(distance between clips after relaxation))/(distance between clips before relaxation)) x 100 (%)
If the heat shrinkage in the width direction is too high, the slope of the heat shrinkage tends to be large. Therefore, it is more preferable to adjust the tenter rail pattern and appropriately adjust the relaxation rate and the temperature for narrowing the clip interval in the film width direction. In this way, the temperature band for narrowing the clip interval in the film flow direction and the relaxation rate are set to appropriate ranges, and the tenter rail pattern is appropriately adjusted so that the shrinkage rate in the width direction does not become too large, if necessary. By adjusting, the stress in the flow direction in the tenter cooling section can be made uniform, and the gradient of the thermal shrinkage can be reduced.
（熱収縮率の傾きの低減方法２）
熱固定後の冷却区間で、フィルム端部をクリップから分離し、クリップによる拘束から開放してテンター冷却区間での幅方向の応力を均一にすることができる。また、巻き取り工程の張力を適正な値に調整することにより、テンター冷却区間での流れ方向の応力を均一にすることができる。このようにして、テンター冷却区間での流れ方向の応力を均一にすることにより熱収縮率の傾きを低減することが出来る。
(Method 2 for reducing the slope of heat shrinkage rate)
In the cooling section after heat setting, the film end can be separated from the clip to release the restraint by the clip and make the stress in the width direction uniform in the tenter cooling section. Further, by adjusting the tension in the winding step to an appropriate value, the stress in the flow direction in the tenter cooling section can be made uniform. In this way, by making the stress in the flow direction in the tenter cooling section uniform, it is possible to reduce the slope of the thermal contraction rate.
フィルム端部をクリップから分離する方法は特に限定されないが、従来公知である方法を用いれば良い。具体的には、クリップからフィルムを切断する方法、及び、クリップを開放する方法を挙げることができる。グリップからフィルムを切断する方法は、任意であり、例えば、シェア刃を用いた切断又はレーザーを用いた溶断を挙げることができる。これらの方法を組み合わせて実施することもできる。クリップからフィルムを切断する場合は、フィルム両端のクリップに近接する位置で行うことが望ましい。 The method for separating the film end portion from the clip is not particularly limited, but a conventionally known method may be used. Specifically, a method of cutting the film from the clip and a method of releasing the clip can be mentioned. The method of cutting the film from the grip is arbitrary, and examples thereof include cutting with a shear blade and fusing with a laser. It is also possible to implement these methods in combination. When the film is cut from the clip, it is desirable to cut the film at positions on both ends of the film which are close to the clip.
フィルム端部をクリップから分離する際のフィルム温度は、５０℃〜３００℃であることが望ましい。フィルムの融点Ｔｍに対してフィルム温度が高い程、フィルムの平面性を維持することが難しく、また、フィルムのガラス転移温度Ｔｇに対してフィルム温度が低すぎる場合、熱収縮率の傾きが低減し難くなる。そのため、（ガラス転移温度Ｔｇ−２０℃）よりも高く、（融点Ｔｍ−１０℃）よりも低い温度でフィルムをクリップから切断分離することが望ましい。ここでのフィルム温度は、放射温度計による測定値である。 The film temperature at the time of separating the film end portion from the clip is preferably 50°C to 300°C. The higher the film temperature is with respect to the melting point Tm of the film, the more difficult it is to maintain the flatness of the film, and when the film temperature is too low with respect to the glass transition temperature Tg of the film, the slope of the heat shrinkage rate decreases. It will be difficult. Therefore, it is desirable to cut and separate the film from the clip at a temperature higher than (glass transition temperature Tg-20°C) and lower than (melting point Tm-10°C). The film temperature here is a value measured by a radiation thermometer.
フィルム端部をクリップから分離する場合には巻き取り工程での張力を適切に調整することが好ましい。適切な張力はフィルム組成、厚み、及びフィルム製造条件によって異なるため、特に限定されないが、０．０１〜３ｋｇ／ｍｍ２が好ましく、より好ましくは０．１〜２ｋｇ／ｍｍ２である。張力が高すぎる場合、流れ方向に対して左側端部のフィルムは熱収縮率の傾きが正の方向に大きくなる（右側端部は負の方向に大きくなる）。また、張力が低すぎる場合、流れ方向に対して左側端部のフィルムは熱収縮率の傾きが負の方向に大きくなる（右側端部は正の方向に大きくなる）。ただし、これら傾向は流れ方向を基準に角度を評価した場合であって、幅方向を基準とした場合は正負が逆の傾向となる。 When the film end is separated from the clip, it is preferable to properly adjust the tension in the winding step. The appropriate tension is not particularly limited because it depends on the film composition, thickness, and film production conditions, but is preferably 0.01 to 3 kg/mm 2 , and more preferably 0.1 to 2 kg/mm 2 . If the tension is too high, the film at the left end with respect to the flow direction will have a positive slope of heat shrinkage in the positive direction (the right end will increase in the negative direction). If the tension is too low, the film at the left end with respect to the flow direction has a large negative thermal shrinkage slope (the right end has a large positive slope). However, these tendencies are when the angle is evaluated based on the flow direction, and when the width direction is referred to, the positive and negative tend to be opposite.
幅方向の熱収縮率が高すぎる場合、熱収縮率の傾きは大きくなる。そのため、フィルム端部をクリップから分離する前のレールパターンを調整し、上述のようにフィルム幅方向にクリップ間隔を狭める緩和率及び温度を調整することが好ましい。このように、張力を適当な範囲に設定することでテンター冷却区間での流れ方向の応力を均一にして、熱収縮率の傾きを低減させることが出来る。 If the heat shrinkage in the width direction is too high, the slope of the heat shrinkage becomes large. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the rail pattern before separating the film end portion from the clip and adjust the relaxation rate and the temperature for narrowing the clip interval in the film width direction as described above. In this way, by setting the tension in an appropriate range, the stress in the flow direction in the tenter cooling section can be made uniform, and the gradient of the thermal contraction rate can be reduced.
（熱収縮率の傾きの低減方法３）
低減方法２と同様の考え方で、テンター出口のフィルム温度を所定温度（即ち、ガラス転移温度Ｔｇ−２０℃）よりも高く、且つ、所定温度（融点Ｔｍ−７０℃）よりも低くすることでも熱収縮率の傾きを低減することが出来る。この場合、効果が室温に左右されるため、室温を制御することが望ましい。
(Method 3 for reducing the slope of heat shrinkage rate)
In the same way as in the reduction method 2, the temperature of the film at the exit of the tenter is set higher than a predetermined temperature (that is, glass transition temperature Tg-20°C) and lower than a predetermined temperature (melting point Tm-70°C). The slope of the contraction rate can be reduced. In this case, since the effect depends on the room temperature, it is desirable to control the room temperature.
（熱収縮率の傾きの低減方法４）
テンター熱固定後の冷却工程の温度設定を調整することでも熱収縮率の傾きを低減可能である。例えば、図４に示すように熱固定温度〜テンター出口温度を、テンター長手方向に沿って、−１５/Ｘ〜−１００/Ｘ（℃／ｍ）となるようなに設定することが好ましい。ここで、Ｘはテンター出口幅（ｍ）を示す。よって、例えば、テンター出口幅が２ｍの場合は、テンター長手方向に１ｍ進むごとに、−７．５℃〜−５０℃の範囲で温度降下させることが好ましい。上記温度は、テンター出口幅あたりの温度を示すため、以下、これを単位幅あたりの温度設定と呼ぶ。
(Method 4 of reducing the gradient of heat shrinkage rate)
It is also possible to reduce the slope of the heat shrinkage rate by adjusting the temperature setting in the cooling step after fixing the tenter heat. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, it is preferable to set the heat setting temperature to the tenter outlet temperature so as to be −15/X to −100/X (° C./m) along the tenter longitudinal direction. Here, X shows the tenter exit width (m). Therefore, for example, when the tenter outlet width is 2 m, it is preferable to lower the temperature in the range of −7.5° C. to −50° C. each time the tenter lengthwise direction advances by 1 m. Since the above temperature indicates the temperature per exit width of the tenter, this is hereinafter referred to as the temperature setting per unit width.
また、テンター出口温度は通常Ｔｇ以下に設定することが好ましい。単位幅あたりの温度設定が、長手方向に−１００/Ｘ（℃／ｍ）以下の場合、熱収縮率の傾きが１５度を超
えるため好ましくなく、−１５/Ｘ（℃／ｍ）以上の場合、熱収縮率の傾きは十分に低減
出来るものの、テンター設備投資が過大となるため好ましくない。
Further, the temperature at the exit of the tenter is usually preferably set to Tg or lower. When the temperature setting per unit width is -100/X (°C/m) or less in the longitudinal direction, it is not preferable because the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio exceeds 15 degrees, and when it is -15/X (°C/m) or more Although the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio can be sufficiently reduced, it is not preferable because the tenter facility investment becomes excessive.
（熱収縮率の傾きの低減方法５）
熱収縮率の傾きがあるフィルムでも、一度巻き取ったロールを、例えば、８０℃〜１２０℃、１０秒〜９０分間、オフラインアニール処理することで、熱収縮率の傾きを低減することが出来る。オフラインアニール処理の場合、アニール処理の温度、時間を十分確保して調節することが好ましい。また、従来公知のテンター出口〜巻き取りロールの間でインラインアニール処理をすることも望ましい。この場合も、上記オフラインアニール処理と同様にアニール処理の温度、時間を十分確保することが好ましく、エアーキャンロールを使用することは、熱処理効率や平面性維持の点でより望ましい。
(Method 5 of reducing the gradient of heat shrinkage rate)
Even with a film having a thermal shrinkage gradient, the once-rolled roll can be subjected to an off-line annealing treatment at 80° C. to 120° C. for 10 seconds to 90 minutes to reduce the thermal shrinkage gradient. In the case of off-line annealing, it is preferable that the temperature and time of annealing are sufficiently secured and adjusted. It is also desirable to perform in-line annealing between the conventionally known tenter outlet and the winding roll. In this case as well, it is preferable to secure sufficient temperature and time for the annealing treatment as in the case of the above-mentioned off-line annealing treatment, and it is more desirable to use the air can roll in terms of heat treatment efficiency and flatness maintenance.
これらの低減方法１〜５は、いずれかの方法を単独で実施してもよいし、組み合わせて実施しても構わない。これらの方法により、熱収縮率の傾きを１５度以下にすることができる。 Any of these reducing methods 1 to 5 may be performed alone or in combination. By these methods, the gradient of the thermal shrinkage can be set to 15 degrees or less.
ポリエステルフィルムは、縦延伸、横延伸された後、熱処理工程を経て、両縁部を裁断してミルロールにし、必要に応じてスリットすることでスリットロールとなる。両縁部と
は、フィルムの幅全体の長さを１００％とし、フィルム両端から好ましくは１％〜１０％の範囲、より好ましくは１％〜５％の範囲のことである。なお、ここでいう両端とは、上記低減方法２について説明した切断前のフィルム両端と同じである。このうち、ミルロールを３等分した際の両側の領域は、は、特に熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値が大きくなる傾向にあるため、この領域の熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値を１５度以下に制御することが好ましい。
The polyester film is longitudinally stretched and transversely stretched, and then subjected to a heat treatment step, both edges thereof are cut into mill rolls, and slits are made by slitting as necessary. The term “both edges” means that the length of the entire width of the film is 100%, and the range from both ends of the film is preferably 1% to 10%, more preferably 1% to 5%. In addition, the both ends here are the same as the both ends of the film before cutting described in the above-described reduction method 2. Among these, in the regions on both sides when the mill roll is divided into three equal parts, the absolute value of the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate tends to be particularly large. Therefore, the absolute value of the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate in this region is 15 degrees or less. It is preferable to control it.
上述する特定のリタデーション及びＮｚ係数を有する配向ポリエステルフィルムは、製膜時の条件（例えば、延伸倍率、延伸温度、フィルムの厚み等）を調節することにより得ることができる。例えば、延伸倍率が高いほど、延伸温度が低いほど、フィルムの厚みが厚いほど高いリタデーションが得られ易い。一方、延伸倍率が低いほど、延伸温度が高いほど、フィルムの厚みが薄いほど、低いリタデーションが得られ易い。 The oriented polyester film having the above-mentioned specific retardation and Nz coefficient can be obtained by adjusting the conditions during film formation (for example, stretching ratio, stretching temperature, film thickness, etc.). For example, the higher the draw ratio, the lower the draw temperature, and the thicker the film, the higher the retardation is likely to be obtained. On the other hand, the lower the stretching ratio, the higher the stretching temperature, and the thinner the film, the lower the retardation is likely to be obtained.
具体的な製膜条件としては、例えば、縦延伸温度及び横延伸温度は、８０〜１４５℃が好ましく、より好ましくは９０〜１４０℃である。縦延伸倍率は１．０〜３．５倍が好ましく、より好ましくは１．０倍〜３．０倍である。また、横延伸倍率は２．５〜６．０倍が好ましく、より好ましくは３．０〜５．５倍である。 As specific film forming conditions, for example, the longitudinal stretching temperature and the transverse stretching temperature are preferably 80 to 145°C, and more preferably 90 to 140°C. The longitudinal stretching ratio is preferably 1.0 to 3.5 times, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0 times. The transverse stretching ratio is preferably 2.5 to 6.0 times, more preferably 3.0 to 5.5 times.
リタデーションを上述する特定の範囲に制御するためには、縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率の比率を制御することが好ましい。縦横の延伸倍率の差が小さすぎるとリタデーションを高くすることが難しくなり好ましくない。また、延伸温度を低く設定することもリタデーションを高くする上では好ましい。続く熱処理の温度は、１００〜２５０℃が好ましく、より好ましくは１８０〜２４５℃である。 In order to control the retardation within the above-mentioned specific range, it is preferable to control the ratio of the longitudinal stretching ratio and the transverse stretching ratio. If the difference between the stretching ratios in the length and width is too small, it is difficult to increase the retardation, which is not preferable. It is also preferable to set the stretching temperature low in order to increase the retardation. The temperature of the subsequent heat treatment is preferably 100 to 250°C, more preferably 180 to 245°C.
Ｎｚ係数を上述の特定の値にするためには、縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率の比率を制御することが好ましく、一軸延伸フィルムとすることが好ましい。また、Ｎｚ係数を下げるためには、ポリマーの分子量を上げる、結晶性を下げるために共重合成分を添加することも好ましい。更に、フィルムのＮｚ係数を特定の範囲に制御するためには、トータル延伸倍率、延伸温度を適宜設定することにより行うことが出来る。例えば、トータル延伸倍率が低いほど、延伸温度が高いほど、低いＮｚ係数を得ることが出来る。 In order to bring the Nz coefficient to the above-mentioned specific value, it is preferable to control the ratio of the longitudinal stretching ratio and the lateral stretching ratio, and it is preferable to use a uniaxially stretched film. It is also preferable to increase the molecular weight of the polymer in order to lower the Nz coefficient and to add a copolymerization component in order to lower the crystallinity. Furthermore, in order to control the Nz coefficient of the film within a specific range, the total stretching ratio and the stretching temperature can be appropriately set. For example, the lower the total stretching ratio and the higher the stretching temperature, the lower the Nz coefficient can be obtained.
面配向度を上述の特定値にするためは、トータル延伸倍率を制御することが好ましい。トータル延伸倍率が高すぎると、面配向度が高くなりすぎるため好ましくない。また延伸温度を制御することも面配向度を低くする上では好ましい。縦延伸倍率と横延伸倍率の差を大きくし、トータル延伸倍率を低く設定し、延伸温度を高く設定することで、Ｎｚ係数、面配向度を特定の値以下とすることが可能となる。 In order to set the degree of plane orientation to the above-mentioned specific value, it is preferable to control the total draw ratio. If the total draw ratio is too high, the degree of plane orientation becomes too high, which is not preferable. It is also preferable to control the stretching temperature in order to reduce the degree of plane orientation. By increasing the difference between the longitudinal stretching ratio and the lateral stretching ratio, setting the total stretching ratio low, and setting the stretching temperature high, it becomes possible to set the Nz coefficient and the degree of plane orientation to be below specific values.
延伸温度及び延伸倍率はフィルムの厚み斑に大きな影響を与えることから、厚み斑の観点からも製膜条件の最適化を行うことが好ましい。特にリタデーションを高くするために縦延伸倍率を低くすると、縦厚み斑が悪くなることがある。縦厚み斑は延伸倍率のある特定の範囲で非常に悪くなる領域があることから、この範囲を外したところで製膜条件を設定することが望ましい。 Since the stretching temperature and the stretching ratio have a great influence on the thickness unevenness of the film, it is preferable to optimize the film forming conditions also from the viewpoint of the thickness unevenness. In particular, if the longitudinal stretching ratio is lowered in order to increase the retardation, the unevenness in the longitudinal thickness may be deteriorated. Since there is a region where the vertical thickness unevenness becomes extremely bad in a certain range of the draw ratio, it is desirable to set the film forming conditions outside this range.
配向ポリエステルフィルムへの紫外線吸収剤の配合は、公知の方法を組み合わせて実施できる。例えば、混練押出機を用いて、乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤とポリマー原料とをブレンドして予めマスターバッチを作製し、フィルム製膜時に所定の該マスターバッチとポリマー原料を混合する方法等によって配合することができる。 The UV absorber may be added to the oriented polyester film by combining known methods. For example, using a kneading extruder, the dried ultraviolet absorber and the polymer raw material are blended to prepare a masterbatch in advance, and the masterbatch and the polymer raw material are mixed by a method of mixing the predetermined masterbatch and the polymer raw material during film formation. be able to.
上記マスターバッチの紫外線吸収剤濃度は紫外線吸収剤を均一に分散させ、且つ経済的に配合するために５〜３０質量％の濃度にするのが好ましい。マスターバッチを作製する
条件としては混練押出機を用い、押し出し温度はポリエステル原料の融点以上、２９０℃以下の温度で１〜１５分間で押し出すことが好ましい。２９０℃以上では紫外線吸収剤の減量が大きく、また、マスターバッチの粘度低下が大きくなる。１分以下の押し出しでは紫外線吸収剤の均一な混合が困難となる。この時、必要に応じて安定剤、色調調整剤、帯電防止剤を添加しても良い。
The concentration of the ultraviolet absorber of the masterbatch is preferably 5 to 30% by mass in order to uniformly disperse the ultraviolet absorber and to mix it economically. As a condition for producing the masterbatch, it is preferable to use a kneading extruder, and to extrude at a temperature of not lower than the melting point of the polyester raw material and not higher than 290° C. for 1 to 15 minutes. At 290°C or higher, the amount of the ultraviolet absorber is greatly reduced, and the viscosity of the masterbatch is greatly reduced. Extrusion for 1 minute or less makes it difficult to uniformly mix the ultraviolet absorber. At this time, if necessary, a stabilizer, a color tone adjusting agent, and an antistatic agent may be added.
３層以上の多層構造を有する配向ポリエステルフィルムの中間層への紫外線吸収剤の配合は、次のよう手法で実施することができる。外層用としてポリエステルのペレット単独、中間層用として紫外線吸収剤を含有したマスターバッチとポリエステルのペレットを所定の割合で混合し、乾燥したのち、公知の溶融積層用押出機に供給し、スリット状のダイからシート状に押出し、キャスティングロール上で冷却固化せしめて未延伸フィルムを作る。すなわち、２台以上の押出機、３層のマニホールド又は合流ブロック（例えば角型合流部を有する合流ブロック）を用いて、両外層を構成するフィルム層、中間層を構成するフィルム層を積層し、口金から３層のシートを押し出し、キャスティングロールで冷却して未延伸フィルムを作る。 The UV absorber can be compounded in the intermediate layer of the oriented polyester film having a multilayer structure of three or more layers by the following method. Polyester pellets alone for the outer layer, a masterbatch containing a UV absorber for the intermediate layer and polyester pellets are mixed at a predetermined ratio, dried, and then fed to a known melt-laminating extruder for slitting. An unstretched film is produced by extruding from a die into a sheet and then cooling and solidifying on a casting roll. That is, using two or more extruders, a three-layer manifold or a merging block (for example, a merging block having a square merging portion), the film layers constituting both outer layers and the film layer constituting the intermediate layer are laminated, A three-layer sheet is extruded from the die and cooled with a casting roll to produce an unstretched film.
光学欠点の原因となる、原料のポリエステル中に含まれている異物を除去するため、配向ポリエステルフィルムの製造過程において、溶融押し出しの際に高精度濾過を行うことが好ましい。溶融樹脂の高精度濾過に用いる濾材の濾過粒子サイズ（初期濾過効率９５％）は、１５μｍ以下が好ましい。濾材の濾過粒子サイズが１５μｍを超えると、２０μｍ以上の異物の除去が不十分となりやすい。 In order to remove foreign matter contained in the raw material polyester, which causes optical defects, it is preferable to perform high-precision filtration during melt extrusion in the production process of the oriented polyester film. The filtration particle size (initial filtration efficiency 95%) of the filter material used for high-precision filtration of the molten resin is preferably 15 μm or less. When the filtration particle size of the filter material exceeds 15 μm, the removal of foreign matters of 20 μm or more tends to be insufficient.
１．偏光板
偏光板は、ヨウ素で染色されたポリビニルアルコール系フィルム等からなる偏光子の両側を２枚の偏光子保護フィルムで挟んだ構成であり、前記２枚の偏光子保護フィルムのうち少なくとも一方が、熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値が特定範囲のポリエステルフィルムであることが好ましい。また、一実施形態において、偏光板は、偏光子の一方の面に偏光子保護フィルムが積層された構成であることが好ましい。偏光子と偏光子保護フィルムは接着剤を介して積層され、通常、７０℃〜１２０℃の範囲で１０分〜６０分ほど熱処理して偏光板が得られる。
1. Polarizing plate The polarizing plate has a structure in which a polarizer made of a polyvinyl alcohol-based film or the like dyed with iodine is sandwiched between two polarizer protective films, and at least one of the two polarizer protective films is It is preferable that the absolute value of the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio is a polyester film in a specific range. In addition, in one embodiment, the polarizing plate preferably has a configuration in which a polarizer protective film is laminated on one surface of the polarizer. The polarizer and the polarizer protective film are laminated via an adhesive, and usually heat-treated in the range of 70° C. to 120° C. for 10 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain a polarizing plate.
（偏光子保護フィルムの配置）
液晶表示装置では、上記特定のポリエステルフィルムが、一対の偏光板の両方の偏光子保護フィルムとして使用されることが好ましい。一対の偏光板とは、液晶に対して入射光側に配置される偏光板と液晶に対して出射光側に配置される偏光板との組み合わせを意味する。即ち、当該ポリエステルフィルムは、入射光側の偏光板と出射光側の偏光板の両方の偏光板に用いられることが好ましい。当該ポリエステルフィルムは、各偏光板を構成する偏光子の少なくとも一方の面に積層されていれば良い。
(Arrangement of polarizer protective film)
In the liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the above-mentioned specific polyester film is used as both polarizer protective films of the pair of polarizing plates. The pair of polarizing plates means a combination of a polarizing plate arranged on the incident light side of the liquid crystal and a polarizing plate arranged on the outgoing light side of the liquid crystal. That is, it is preferable that the polyester film is used as both a polarizing plate on the incident light side and a polarizing plate on the outgoing light side. The polyester film may be laminated on at least one surface of a polarizer that constitutes each polarizing plate.
好適な一実施形態において、当該ポリエステルフィルムは、入射光側の偏光板の入射光側の偏光子保護フィルムとして使用され、且つ、出射光側の偏光板の出射光側の偏光子保護フィルムとして使用される。偏光板を構成する偏光子の一方の面のみに当該配向ポリエステルフィルムが積層される場合、他方の面には任意の偏光子保護フィルム（例えば、ＴＡＣフィルム等）を使用すること、又は、偏光子保護フィルムを設けないことが可能である。入射光側に配される偏光板の液晶セル側の偏光子保護フィルム及び出射光側に配される偏光板の液晶セル側（即ち、入射光側）の偏光子保護フィルムとして当該ポリエステルフィルムを採用すると、液晶セルの偏光特性を変化させてしまう可能性があるため、これらの位置の偏光子保護フィルムは、当該ポリエステルフィルム以外の偏光子保護フィルム（例えば、ＴＡＣフィルム、アクリルフィルム、ノルボルネン系フィルムに代表されるような複屈折が無いフィルム）を用いることが好ましい。これらのフィルムも熱収縮率の傾
きの絶対値は小さいほうが好ましい。
In a preferred embodiment, the polyester film is used as an incident light side polarizer protective film of an incident light side polarizing plate, and is also used as an outgoing light side polarizer protective film of an outgoing light side polarizing plate. To be done. When the oriented polyester film is laminated only on one surface of the polarizer constituting the polarizing plate, any polarizer protective film (for example, TAC film etc.) is used on the other surface, or the polarizer is used. It is possible not to provide a protective film. The polyester film is used as a polarizer protective film on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate arranged on the incident light side and as a polarizer protective film on the liquid crystal cell side (that is, the incident light side) of the polarizing plate arranged on the outgoing light side. Then, since there is a possibility that the polarization characteristics of the liquid crystal cell may be changed, the polarizer protective film at these positions may be a polarizer protective film other than the polyester film (for example, a TAC film, an acrylic film, a norbornene-based film). It is preferable to use a film having no birefringence as typified. Also in these films, it is preferable that the absolute value of the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate is small.
２．液晶表示装置
一般に、液晶表示装置は、バックライト光源に対向する側から画像を表示する側（視認側又は出射光側）に向かう順に、後面モジュール、液晶セル及び前面モジュールから構成されている。後面モジュール及び前面モジュールは、一般に、透明基板と、その液晶セル側表面に形成された透明導電膜と、その反対側に配置された偏光板とから構成されている。ここで、偏光板は、後面モジュールでは、バックライト光源に対向する側に配置され、前面モジュールでは、画像を表示する側（視認側又は出射光側）に配置されている。
2. Liquid Crystal Display Device In general, a liquid crystal display device includes a rear module, a liquid crystal cell, and a front module in order from the side facing the backlight light source to the side displaying an image (viewing side or emitted light side). The rear module and the front module are generally composed of a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the liquid crystal cell side surface thereof, and a polarizing plate arranged on the opposite side thereof. Here, the polarizing plate is arranged on the side facing the backlight light source in the rear module, and is arranged on the side displaying the image (viewing side or emitted light side) in the front module.
（バックライト光源）
液晶表示装置は少なくとも、バックライト光源、２つの偏光板、及び２つの偏光板の間に配された液晶セルを構成部材として含む。本発明の液晶表示装置は、これら以外の他の構成部材、例えば、カラーフィルター、レンズフィルム、拡散シート、反射防止フィルム等を適宜有しても構わない。
(Backlight source)
The liquid crystal display device includes at least a backlight light source, two polarizing plates, and a liquid crystal cell arranged between the two polarizing plates as constituent members. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention may appropriately have other constituent members other than these, for example, a color filter, a lens film, a diffusion sheet, an antireflection film, and the like.
バックライトの構成は、導光板や反射板等を構成部材とするエッジライト方式であっても、直下型方式であっても構わない。バックライト光源は、連続した幅広い発光スペクトルを有する白色光源であることが好ましい。ここで、連続した幅広い発光スペクトルとは、少なくとも４５０ｎｍ〜６５０ｎｍの波長領域、好ましくは可視光の領域において光の強度がゼロになる波長が存在しない発光スペクトルを意味する。このような連続した幅広い発光スペクトルを有する白色光源としては、例えば、白色ＬＥＤを挙げることができるが、これに限定されるものではない。 The structure of the backlight may be an edge light type using a light guide plate, a reflection plate or the like as a constituent member, or a direct type. The backlight light source is preferably a white light source having a continuous and wide emission spectrum. Here, the continuous broad emission spectrum means an emission spectrum in which there is no wavelength at which the light intensity becomes zero in a wavelength region of at least 450 nm to 650 nm, preferably in the visible light region. Examples of such a white light source having a continuous and wide emission spectrum include, but are not limited to, white LEDs.
本発明で使用可能な白色ＬＥＤには、蛍光体方式、すなわち化合物半導体を使用した青色光、もしくは紫外光を発する発光ダイオードと蛍光体を組み合わせることにより白色を発する素子や、有機発光ダイオード（Ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｌｉｇｈｔ−ｅｍｉｔｔｉｎｇ ｄｉｏｄｅ：ＯＬＥＤ）等が含まれる。蛍光体としては、例えば、イットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット系の黄色蛍光体やテルビウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット系の黄色蛍光体等を挙げることができる。白色ＬＥＤの中でも、化合物半導体を使用した青色発光ダイオードとイットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット系黄色蛍光体とを組み合わせた発光素子からなる白色発光ダイオードは、連続的で幅広い発光スペクトルを有していると共に発光効率にも優れるため、本発明のバックライト光源として好適である。白色ＬＥＤは消費電力が小さいため、それを利用した本発明の液晶表示装置は、省エネルギー化にも資する。 The white LED that can be used in the present invention includes a phosphor type, that is, an element that emits white light by combining a phosphor with a light emitting diode that emits blue light or ultraviolet light using a compound semiconductor, or an organic light emitting diode (Organic light). -Emitting diode (OLED) and the like are included. Examples of the phosphors include yttrium/aluminum/garnet-based yellow phosphors and terbium/aluminum/garnet-based yellow phosphors. Among white LEDs, a white light emitting diode composed of a blue light emitting diode using a compound semiconductor and a yttrium-aluminum-garnet-based yellow fluorescent material in combination has a continuous and wide emission spectrum and luminous efficiency. Since it is also excellent, it is suitable as the backlight light source of the present invention. Since the white LED has low power consumption, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention using the white LED also contributes to energy saving.
従来からバックライト光源として広く用いられている冷陰極管や熱陰極管等の蛍光管は、発光スペクトルが特定波長にピークを有する不連続な発光スペクトルを有する。よって、虹斑を抑制する効果を得ることは困難であるため、本発明の液晶表示装置の光源としては好ましくない。 A fluorescent tube such as a cold cathode tube or a hot cathode tube, which has been widely used as a backlight light source, has a discontinuous emission spectrum having an emission spectrum having a peak at a specific wavelength. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing rainbow spots, which is not preferable as the light source of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
以下、実施例を参照して本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は、下記実施例に限定されず、本発明の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適宜変更を加えて実施することも可能であり、それらは、いずれも本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples, and may be appropriately modified and implemented within a range compatible with the gist of the present invention. It is possible, and all of them are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
実施例における物性の評価方法は以下の通りである。
（１）熱収縮率とその傾き
スリットロールの各切り出し部から切り出されたポリエステルフィルムを一辺２１ｃｍの正方形状に切り出し、２３℃、６５％ＲＨの雰囲気で２時間以上放置した。このポリエ
ステルフィルムの中央を中心とする直径８０ｍｍの円を描き、二次元画像測定機（ＭＩＴＵＴＯＹＯ製ＱＵＩＣＫ ＩＭＡＧＥ）を使用して、フィルムの流れ方向を０度として５間隔で直径を測定した。ここで、フイルム流れ方向を０度として、フィルム上面において時計回り（右回り）を正の角度、反時計回り（左回り）を負の角度と設定した。直径を測定したため、−９０度〜８５度の範囲の測定で、全方向について測定された。次いで、このポリエステルフィルムを８５℃で３０分間、水中で加熱処理した後、フィルム表面に付着した水分を拭き取り、風乾してから２３℃、６５％ＲＨの雰囲気中で２時間以上放置した。その後、上記と同様に円の直径を５度間隔で測定した。熱処理前の直径をLo、熱処理後の同方向の直径をLとし、下記の式に従って、各方向の熱収縮率を求めた。
The evaluation methods of physical properties in the examples are as follows.
(1) Thermal Shrinkage Rate and Its Inclination The polyester film cut out from each cutout portion of the slit roll was cut into a square shape having a side of 21 cm, and left in an atmosphere of 23° C. and 65% RH for 2 hours or more. A circle having a diameter of 80 mm centered on the center of the polyester film was drawn, and the diameter was measured at 5 intervals by using a two-dimensional image measuring device (QUICK IMAGE manufactured by MITUTOYO) with the flow direction of the film being 0 degree. Here, with the film flow direction as 0 degree, clockwise (clockwise) on the upper surface of the film was set as a positive angle, and counterclockwise (counterclockwise) was set as a negative angle. Since the diameter was measured, it was measured in all directions in the range of -90 degrees to 85 degrees. Next, this polyester film was heat-treated in water at 85° C. for 30 minutes, wiped off moisture adhering to the film surface, air-dried, and then left in an atmosphere of 23° C. and 65% RH for 2 hours or more. Then, the diameter of the circle was measured at 5 degree intervals in the same manner as above. Letting the diameter before heat treatment be Lo and the diameter in the same direction after heat treatment be L, the heat shrinkage rate in each direction was determined according to the following formula.
熱収縮率（％）＝((L０− L)/ L０)×100 Heat shrinkage (%) = ((L 0 - L) / L 0) × 100
（熱収縮率の最大値）
全方向での熱収縮率のうち最大となる値を最大熱収縮率とする。各スリットロール（Ｌ、Ｃ、Ｒ）についてフィルム幅方向に３点サンプリング（中央、両端部の３点）して同様の評価を行い、３つの最大熱収縮率の平均値を熱収縮率の最大値として表１に記載した。なお、今回の実施例ではいずれのスリットロールも中央と両端部の３点とも最大熱収縮率は５％以下であった。
(Maximum value of heat shrinkage)
The maximum value of the heat shrinkage rates in all directions is defined as the maximum heat shrinkage rate. For each slit roll (L, C, R), the same evaluation was performed by sampling 3 points in the film width direction (3 points at the center and both ends), and the average of the 3 maximum heat shrinkage rates was taken as the maximum heat shrinkage rate. The values are shown in Table 1. In this example, the maximum heat shrinkage rate of all slit rolls was 5% or less at the three points of the center and both ends.
（熱収縮率の最大方向(α)の読み取り）
全方向の熱収縮率を求めた結果から、熱収縮率の傾きを次の通り測定した。得られた測定値（−９０度〜８５度）を図２のように横軸を角度、縦軸をその角度に対応する熱収縮率としてプロットし、−１８０度〜−９５度、９０度〜１７５度の値を補間した。(−９
０度の熱収縮率が９０度の熱収縮率に対応し、０度の熱収縮率が−１８０度の熱収縮率に対応する。) 次に、プロットを結ぶ近似曲線を引き熱収縮率が最大となる方向を精度1度で読み取り、αと定義した。但し、−９０度≦α≦９０度である。
(Reading in the maximum direction of heat shrinkage (α))
From the results of obtaining the heat shrinkage in all directions, the slope of the heat shrinkage was measured as follows. The obtained measured values (-90 degrees to 85 degrees) are plotted as an angle on the horizontal axis and a heat shrinkage rate corresponding to the angle on the vertical axis as shown in FIG. 2, and are -180 degrees to -95 degrees, 90 degrees to The 175 degree value was interpolated. (-9
A heat shrinkage of 0 degrees corresponds to a heat shrinkage of 90 degrees, and a heat shrinkage of 0 degrees corresponds to a heat shrinkage of -180 degrees. ) Next, an approximate curve connecting the plots was drawn, and the direction in which the heat shrinkage rate was the maximum was read with an accuracy of 1 degree, and defined as α. However, −90 degrees≦α≦90 degrees.
（熱収縮率の傾き）
熱収縮率が最大となる方向αが−４５度〜４５度の範囲にある場合には、その値を熱収縮率の傾きとした。また、熱収縮率が最大となる方向αが４５度以上及び−４５度以下の場合には、フィルム流れ方向ではなく、フィルム幅方向を基準に傾いていると解し、α−９０度（αが４５度以上の場合）、９０度＋α（αが−４５度以下の場合）を熱収縮率の傾きとした。以上の測定を各スリットロール（Ｌ、Ｃ、Ｒ）についてフィルム幅方向に３点サンプリング（中央、両端部の３点）して同様に行い、３つの熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値の平均を熱収縮率の傾きとして表１に記載した。尚、今回の実施例では、中央と両端部の３点とも熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値が１５度以下となっていた。
(Slope of heat shrinkage rate)
When the direction α that maximizes the heat shrinkage is in the range of −45 degrees to 45 degrees, the value was defined as the slope of the heat shrinkage. Further, when the direction α in which the heat shrinkage rate is the maximum is 45 degrees or more and −45 degrees or less, it is understood that the film is inclined not in the film flow direction but in the film width direction, and α−90 degrees (α Is 45 degrees or more) and 90 degrees+α (when α is −45 degrees or less) are defined as the slope of the heat shrinkage rate. The above measurement is similarly performed by sampling three points (three points at the center and both ends) in the film width direction for each slit roll (L, C, R), and averaging the absolute values of the slopes of the three heat shrinkage rates. The slope of the heat shrinkage ratio is shown in Table 1. In the present example, the absolute value of the gradient of the heat shrinkage rate was 15 degrees or less at the three points, the center and both ends.
（２）光漏れ評価方法
PVAフィルムからなる偏光子の片側に、トリアセチルセルロースフィルム（富士フイル
ム（株）社製、厚み８０μｍ）を張り合わせ、もう一方の面に後述する方法で作製したポリエステルフィルムを貼り合せた。張り合わせには接着剤を使用しオーブンで８５℃３０分間加熱処理をして、偏光板を製造した。なお、偏光子の偏光軸と、ポリエステルフィルムの主配向軸が互いに垂直になるように貼り合せた。こうして得られた２枚の偏光板を、クロスニコルに配置した。この際、２枚の偏光板を、それぞれのポリエステルフィルムが偏光子よりも外側に位置するように配置した。そして、日本分光製分光光度計Ｖ７１００を用いて、当該２枚の偏光板を透過する５５０ｎｍ〜６００ｎｍの波長の光の最大光線透過率を測定した。測定結果について、下記の通り評価した。
○ ：最大光線透過率が０．０２％以下
× ：最大光線透過率が０．０２％以上
(2) Light leakage evaluation method
A triacetyl cellulose film (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation, thickness 80 μm) was attached to one side of a polarizer made of a PVA film, and a polyester film produced by the method described below was attached to the other side. An adhesive was used for bonding and heat treatment was performed in an oven at 85° C. for 30 minutes to manufacture a polarizing plate. The polarizer was laminated so that the polarization axis of the polarizer and the main alignment axis of the polyester film were perpendicular to each other. The two polarizing plates thus obtained were arranged in crossed Nicols. At this time, the two polarizing plates were arranged so that each polyester film was located outside the polarizer. Then, using a JASCO spectrophotometer V7100, the maximum light transmittance of the light having a wavelength of 550 nm to 600 nm that passes through the two polarizing plates was measured. The measurement results were evaluated as follows.
◯: Maximum light transmittance of 0.02% or less ×: Maximum light transmittance of 0.02% or more
（３）リタデーション（Ｒｅ）
リタデーションとは、フィルム上の直交する二軸の屈折率の異方性（△Ｎｘｙ＝｜ｎｘ−ｎｙ｜）とフィルム厚みｄ（ｎｍ）との積（△Ｎｘｙ×ｄ）で定義されるパラメーターであり、光学的等方性及び異方性を示す尺度である。二軸の屈折率の異方性（△Ｎｘｙ）は、以下の方法により求めた。分子配向計（王子計測器株式会社製、ＭＯＡ−６００４型分子配向計）を用いてフィルムの配向軸方向を求め、配向軸方向が長辺となるように４ｃｍ×２ｃｍの長方形を切り出し、測定用サンプルとした。このサンプルについて、直交する二軸の屈折率（ｎｘ，ｎｙ）、及び厚さ方向の屈折率（Ｎｚ）をアッベ屈折率計（アタゴ社製、ＮＡＲ−４Ｔ、測定波長５８９ｎｍ）を用いて測定し、前記二軸の屈折率の差の絶対値（｜ｎｘ−ｎｙ｜）を屈折率の異方性（△Ｎｘｙ）とした。フィルムの厚みｄ（ｎｍ）は電気マイクロメータ（ファインリューフ社製、ミリトロン１２４５Ｄ）を用いて測定し、単位をｎｍに換算した。屈折率の異方性（△Ｎｘｙ）とフィルムの厚みｄ（ｎｍ）の積（△Ｎｘｙ×ｄ）より、リタデーション（Ｒｅ）を求めた。
(3) Retardation (Re)
Retardation is a parameter defined by the product (ΔNxy×d) of the anisotropy (ΔNxy=|nx−ny|) of biaxial refractive indexes on the film and the film thickness d (nm). Yes, it is a measure of optical isotropy and anisotropy. The biaxial refractive index anisotropy (ΔNxy) was determined by the following method. The orientation axis direction of the film is obtained using a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.), and a rectangle of 4 cm×2 cm is cut out so that the orientation axis direction becomes the long side, and for measurement It was used as a sample. With respect to this sample, the refractive index (nx, ny) of two orthogonal axes and the refractive index (Nz) in the thickness direction were measured using an Abbe refractometer (Nago-4T, manufactured by Atago Co., measurement wavelength 589 nm). The absolute value (|nx-ny|) of the difference between the biaxial refractive indexes was defined as the refractive index anisotropy (ΔNxy). The thickness d (nm) of the film was measured using an electric micrometer (Millitron 1245D manufactured by Fine Luff Co., Ltd.), and the unit was converted to nm. The retardation (Re) was obtained from the product (ΔNxy×d) of the anisotropy of refractive index (ΔNxy) and the film thickness d (nm).
（４）Ｎｚ係数
｜ｎｙ−ｎｚ｜／｜ｎｙ−ｎｘ｜で得られる値をＮｚ係数とした。ただし、ｎｙ＞ｎｘとなるように、ｎｙ及びｎｘの値を選択した。
(4) Nz coefficient The value obtained by |ny-nz|/|ny-nx| was taken as the Nz coefficient. However, the values of ny and nx were selected so that ny>nx.
（５）面配向度（△Ｐ）
（ｎｘ＋ｎｙ）／２−ｎｚで得られる値を面配向度（△Ｐ）とした。
(5) Degree of plane orientation (ΔP)
The value obtained by (nx+ny)/2-nz was defined as the plane orientation degree (ΔP).
（６）厚さ方向リタデーション（Ｒｔｈ）
厚さ方向リタデーションとは、フィルム厚さ方向断面から見たときの２つの複屈折△Ｎｘｚ（＝｜ｎｘ−ｎｚ｜）、△Ｎｙｚ（＝｜ｎｙ−ｎｚ｜）にそれぞれフィルム厚さｄを掛けて得られるリタデーションの平均を示すパラメーターである。リタデーションの測定と同様の方法でｎｘ、ｎｙ、ｎｚとフィルム厚みｄ（ｎｍ）を求め、（△Ｎｘｚ×ｄ）と（△Ｎｙｚ×ｄ）との平均値を算出して厚さ方向リタデーション（Ｒｔｈ）を求めた。
(6) Thickness direction retardation (Rth)
The thickness direction retardation means two birefringences ΔNxz (=|nx-nz|) and ΔNyz (=|ny-nz|) multiplied by the film thickness d, respectively, when viewed from the cross section in the film thickness direction. It is a parameter showing the average of the retardation obtained. The film thickness d (nm) and nx, ny and nz are obtained by the same method as the measurement of retardation, and the average value of (ΔNxz×d) and (ΔNyz×d) is calculated to calculate the thickness direction retardation (Rth). ) Was asked.
（７）虹斑観察
ＰＶＡとヨウ素からなる偏光子の片側に後述する方法で作成したポリエステルフィルムを偏光子の偏光軸とポリエステルフィルムの配向主軸が垂直になるように貼り付け、その反対側の面にＴＡＣフィルム（富士フィルム（株）社製、厚み８０μｍ）を貼り付けて偏光板を作成した。得られた偏光板を液晶を挟んで両側に一枚ずつ、各偏光板がクロスニコルの関係になるよう配置して液晶表示装置を作製した。各偏光板は、前記ポリエステルフィルムが液晶とは反対側（遠位）となるように配置された。液晶表示装置の光源には、青色発光ダイオードとイットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット系黄色蛍光体とを組み合わせた発光素子からなる白色ＬＥＤを光源（日亜化学、ＮＳＰＷ５００ＣＳ）に用いた。このような液晶表示装置の正面、及び斜め方向から目視観察し、虹斑の発生有無について、以下のように判定した。
Ａ： いずれの方向からも虹斑の発生無し。
Ａ’：斜め方向から観察したときに、角度によって極薄い虹斑が観察される。
Ｂ： 斜め方向から観察したときに、角度によって薄い虹斑が観察される。
Ｃ： 斜め方向から観察したときに、虹斑が観察される。
Ｄ： 正面方向及び斜め方向から観察したときに、虹斑が観察される。
(7) Observation of rainbow spots A polyester film prepared by the method described below is attached to one side of a polarizer made of PVA and iodine so that the polarization axis of the polarizer and the orientation main axis of the polyester film are perpendicular to each other, and the opposite surface. A TAC film (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd., thickness: 80 μm) was attached to the above to prepare a polarizing plate. A liquid crystal display device was manufactured by arranging the obtained polarizing plates one by one on both sides with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween so that the respective polarizing plates have a crossed Nicol relationship. Each polarizing plate was arranged such that the polyester film was on the opposite side (distal) from the liquid crystal. As a light source of the liquid crystal display device, a white LED composed of a light emitting element in which a blue light emitting diode and a yttrium-aluminum-garnet-based yellow phosphor were combined was used as a light source (NSPW500CS, Nichia). The liquid crystal display device was visually observed from the front and oblique directions, and the presence/absence of rainbow spots was determined as follows.
A: Iridescent spots did not occur from any direction.
A': When observed from an oblique direction, an extremely thin iris is observed depending on the angle.
B: When observed from an oblique direction, a thin iris is observed depending on the angle.
C: Iridescent spots are observed when observed from an oblique direction.
D: Iridescent spots are observed when observed from the front and oblique directions.
（８）引裂き強度
東洋精機製作所製エレメンドルフ引裂試験機を用いて、ＪＩＳ Ｐ−８１１６に従い、各フィルムの引裂き強度を測定した。引裂き方向はフィルムの配向主軸方向と平行となるように行ない、以下のように判定した。なお、配向主軸方向の測定は分子配向計（王子計測器株式会社製、ＭＯＡ−６００４型分子配向計）で測定した。
(8) Tear strength The tear strength of each film was measured according to JIS P-8116 using an Elemendorf tear tester manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho. The tearing direction was set to be parallel to the orientation main axis direction of the film, and the following judgment was made. In addition, the measurement of the orientation main axis direction was performed with a molecular orientation meter (MOA-6004 type molecular orientation meter manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.).
○：引裂き強度が５０ｍＮ以上
×：引裂き強度が５０ｍＮ未満
◯: Tear strength is 50 mN or more x: Tear strength is less than 50 mN
（製造例１−ポリエステルＡ）
エステル化反応缶を昇温し２００℃に到達した時点で、テレフタル酸を８６．４質量部及びエチレングリコール６４．６質量部を仕込み、撹拌しながら触媒として三酸化アンチモンを０．０１７質量部、酢酸マグネシウム４水和物を０．０６４質量部、トリエチルアミン０．１６質量部を仕込んだ。ついで、加圧昇温を行いゲージ圧０．３４ＭＰａ、２４０℃の条件で加圧エステル化反応を行った後、エステル化反応缶を常圧に戻し、リン酸０．０１４質量部を添加した。さらに、１５分かけて２６０℃に昇温し、リン酸トリメチル０．０１２質量部を添加した。次いで１５分後に、高圧分散機で分散処理を行い、１５分後、得られたエステル化反応生成物を重縮合反応缶に移送し、２８０℃で減圧下重縮合反応を行った。
(Production Example 1-Polyester A)
When the temperature of the esterification reaction vessel was raised to 200° C., 86.4 parts by mass of terephthalic acid and 64.6 parts by mass of ethylene glycol were charged, and 0.017 parts by mass of antimony trioxide as a catalyst were added while stirring. 0.064 parts by mass of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate and 0.16 parts by mass of triethylamine were charged. Then, the pressure and temperature were raised to carry out the pressure esterification reaction under the conditions of a gauge pressure of 0.34 MPa and 240° C., the esterification reaction vessel was returned to normal pressure, and 0.014 parts by mass of phosphoric acid was added. Furthermore, the temperature was raised to 260° C. over 15 minutes, and 0.012 parts by mass of trimethyl phosphate was added. Then, 15 minutes later, a dispersion treatment was performed with a high-pressure disperser, and after 15 minutes, the obtained esterification reaction product was transferred to a polycondensation reaction can and subjected to polycondensation reaction under reduced pressure at 280°C.
重縮合反応終了後、９５％カット径が５μｍのナスロン製フィルターで濾過処理を行い、ノズルからストランド状に押出し、予め濾過処理（孔径：１μｍ以下）を行った冷却水を用いて冷却、固化させ、ペレット状にカットした。得られたポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂（Ａ）の固有粘度は０．６２ｄｌ／ｇであり、不活性粒子及び内部析出粒子は実質上含有していなかった。（以後、ＰＥＴ（Ａ）と略す。） After completion of the polycondensation reaction, a 95% cut diameter was filtered through a Naslon filter having a diameter of 5 μm, extruded in a strand form from a nozzle, and cooled and solidified with cooling water which had been subjected to a filtering treatment (pore diameter: 1 μm or less) in advance. , Cut into pellets. The intrinsic viscosity of the obtained polyethylene terephthalate resin (A) was 0.62 dl/g, and substantially no inert particles or internal precipitation particles were contained. (Hereafter, abbreviated as PET(A).)
（製造例２−ポリエステルＢ）
乾燥させた紫外線吸収剤（２，２’−（１，４−フェニレン）ビス（４Ｈ−３，１−ベンズオキサジノン−４−オン）１０質量部、粒子を含有しないＰＥＴ（Ａ）（固有粘度が０．６２ｄｌ／ｇ）９０質量部を混合し、混練押出機を用い、紫外線吸収剤含有するポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂（Ｂ）を得た。（以後、ＰＥＴ（Ｂ）と略す。）
(Production Example 2-Polyester B)
10 parts by mass of a dried UV absorber (2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(4H-3,1-benzoxazinone-4-one), PET(A) containing no particles (intrinsic viscosity 0.62 dl/g) 90 parts by mass were mixed, and a polyethylene terephthalate resin (B) containing an ultraviolet absorber was obtained using a kneading extruder (hereinafter abbreviated as PET (B)).
（製造例３−接着性改質塗布液の調整）
常法によりエステル交換反応及び重縮合反応を行って、ジカルボン酸成分として（ジカルボン酸成分全体に対して）テレフタル酸４６モル％、イソフタル酸４６モル％及び５−スルホナトイソフタル酸ナトリウム８モル％、グリコール成分として（グリコール成分全体に対して）エチレングリコール５０モル％及びネオペンチルグリコール５０モル％の組成の水分散性スルホン酸金属塩基含有共重合ポリエステル樹脂を調製した。次いで、水５１．４質量部、イソプロピルアルコール３８質量部、ｎ−ブチルセルソルブ５質量部、ノニオン系界面活性剤０．０６質量部を混合した後、加熱撹拌し、７７℃に達したら、上記水分散性スルホン酸金属塩基含有共重合ポリエステル樹脂５質量部を加え、樹脂の固まりが無くなるまで撹拌し続けた後、樹脂水分散液を常温まで冷却して、固形分濃度５．０質量％の均一な水分散性共重合ポリエステル樹脂液を得た。さらに、凝集体シリカ粒子（富士シリシア（株）社製、サイリシア３１０）３質量部を水５０質量部に分散させた後、上記水分散性共重合ポリエステル樹脂液９９．４６質量部にサイリシア３１０の水分散液０．５４質量部を加えて、撹拌しながら水２０質量部を加えて、接着性改質塗布液を得た。
(Production Example 3-Adjustment of Adhesion Modification Coating Liquid)
The transesterification reaction and the polycondensation reaction are carried out by a conventional method to give 46 mol% of terephthalic acid as a dicarboxylic acid component (to the whole dicarboxylic acid component), 46 mol% of isophthalic acid and 8 mol% of sodium 5-sulfonatoisophthalate, A water-dispersible metal sulfonate-containing copolymer polyester resin having a composition of 50 mol% of ethylene glycol and 50 mol% of neopentyl glycol as a glycol component (based on the whole glycol component) was prepared. Next, after mixing 51.4 parts by mass of water, 38 parts by mass of isopropyl alcohol, 5 parts by mass of n-butyl cellosolve, and 0.06 parts by mass of a nonionic surfactant, the mixture is heated and stirred, and when reaching 77° C., the above. After adding 5 parts by mass of the water-dispersible metal sulfonate-containing copolyester resin and continuing stirring until the resin clumps out, the resin aqueous dispersion is cooled to room temperature to obtain a solid content concentration of 5.0% by mass. A uniform water-dispersible copolyester resin solution was obtained. Furthermore, after dispersing 3 parts by mass of aggregate silica particles (manufactured by Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd., Sylysia 310) in 50 parts by mass of water, 99.46 parts by mass of the above water-dispersible copolyester resin solution is mixed with Silysia 310. 0.54 parts by mass of the aqueous dispersion was added, and 20 parts by mass of water was added with stirring to obtain an adhesive modification coating liquid.
（偏光子保護フィルム１）
基材フィルム中間層用原料として粒子を含有しないＰＥＴ（Ａ）樹脂ペレット９０質量部と紫外線吸収剤を含有したＰＥＴ（Ｂ）樹脂ペレット１０質量部を１３５℃で６時間減圧乾燥（１Ｔｏｒｒ）した後、押出機２（中間層ＩＩ層用）に供給し、また、ＰＥＴ（Ａ）を常法により乾燥して押出機１（外層Ｉ層及び外層ＩＩＩ用）にそれぞれ供給し、２８５℃で溶解した。この２種のポリマーを、それぞれステンレス焼結体の濾材（公称濾過精度１０μｍ粒子９５％カット）で濾過し、２種３層合流ブロックにて、積層し、口金よりシート状にして押し出した後、静電印加キャスト法を用いて表面温度３０℃のキャスティ
ングドラムに巻きつけて冷却固化し、未延伸フィルムを作った。この時、Ｉ層、ＩＩ層、ＩＩＩ層の厚さの比は１０：８０：１０となるように各押し出し機の吐出量を調整した。
(Polarizer protective film 1)
After 90 parts by mass of PET(A) resin pellets containing no particles and 10 parts by mass of PET(B) resin pellets containing an ultraviolet absorber as a raw material for the base film intermediate layer were dried under reduced pressure at 135° C. for 6 hours (1 Torr). , Extruder 2 (for intermediate layer II layer), and PET (A) was dried by a conventional method and fed to Extruder 1 (for outer layer I layer and outer layer III) and melted at 285°C. .. These two types of polymers were respectively filtered with a stainless sintered filter medium (nominal filtration accuracy: 10 μm particles 95% cut), laminated with a type 2 three-layer confluent block, and extruded into a sheet form from a die. The film was wound around a casting drum having a surface temperature of 30° C. and cooled and solidified by using an electrostatic applied casting method to prepare an unstretched film. At this time, the discharge amount of each extruder was adjusted so that the thickness ratio of the I layer, the II layer, and the III layer was 10:80:10.
次いで、リバースロール法によりこの未延伸ＰＥＴフィルムの両面に乾燥後の塗布量が０．０８ｇ／ｍ２になるように、上記接着性改質塗布液を塗布した後、８０℃で２０秒間乾燥した。 Then, the above-mentioned adhesive property modification coating liquid was applied to both surfaces of this unstretched PET film by a reverse roll method so that the coating amount after drying was 0.08 g/m 2 , and then dried at 80° C. for 20 seconds. ..
この塗布層を形成した未延伸フィルムをテンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に４．０倍に延伸した。次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、その後、１３０℃まで冷却したフィルムをシェア刃で両端部から２％の位置で切断し、０．５ｋｇ／ｍｍ２の張力で巻き取り、両縁部を裁断除去することによって、フィルム厚み約５０μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなるミルロールを得た。このミルロールを３等分して、３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。なお、フィルム流れ方向に対して左に位置するスリットロールをＬ、右に位置するスリットロールをＲ、中央をＣとした。 The unstretched film on which this coating layer was formed was guided to a tenter stretching machine, guided to a hot air zone at a temperature of 125° C. while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, and stretched 4.0 times in the width direction. Next, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, the film was treated at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds, and then the film cooled to 130° C. was cut with a shear blade at a position of 2% from both ends, It was wound with a tension of 5 kg/mm 2 and both edges were cut and removed to obtain a mill roll made of a uniaxially oriented PET film with a film thickness of about 50 μm. This mill roll was divided into three equal parts to obtain three slit rolls (L, C, R). The slit roll located on the left side with respect to the film flow direction was L, the slit roll located on the right side was R, and the center was C.
（偏光子保護フィルム２）
未延伸フィルムの厚みを変更することにより、厚み約１００μｍとすること以外は偏光子保護フィルム１と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protection film 2)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 except that the thickness of the unstretched film was changed to about 100 μm.
（偏光子保護フィルム３）
熱固定後にシェア刃でカットしなかったこと以外は偏光子保護フィルム１と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 3)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 except that the film was not cut with a shear blade after heat setting.
（偏光子保護フィルム４）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、加熱されたロール群及び赤外線ヒーターを用いて１０５℃に加熱し、その後周速差のあるロール群で走行方向に２倍延伸した後、偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法で幅方向に４．０倍延伸し、その後、１４０℃まで冷却したフィルムをシェア刃で両端部から２％の位置で切断し、０．６５ｋｇ／ｍｍ２の張力で巻き取り、未延伸フィルムの厚みを調整することによりフィルム厚み約５０μｍの二軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 4)
An unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 is heated to 105° C. by using a heated roll group and an infrared heater, and then stretched 2 times in the traveling direction with roll groups having different peripheral speeds. After that, the film was stretched 4.0 times in the width direction in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1, and then the film cooled to 140° C. was cut with a shear blade at a position of 2% from both ends, and 0.65 kg/ Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of biaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 50 μm were obtained by winding the film with a tension of mm 2 and adjusting the thickness of the unstretched film.
（偏光子保護フィルム５）
フィルムをクリップから分離する方法として、シェア刃でカットする方法からクリップを開放する方法に変更したこと以外は偏光子保護フィルム１と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 5)
As a method of separating the film from the clip, three slit rolls (L, L, made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were formed in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 1 except that the method of cutting with a shear blade was changed to the method of opening the clip. C, R) was obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム６）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法で、走行方向に１．０倍、幅方向に３．５倍延伸して、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 6)
In the same manner as for the polarizer protective film 1, three slit rolls (L, C) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 75 μm were stretched 1.0 times in the running direction and 3.5 times in the width direction. , R) was obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム７）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法を用い、未延伸フィルムの厚みを変更し、横延伸倍率を３．８倍、延伸温度を１３５℃として、厚み約１００μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 7)
Using the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1, the thickness of the unstretched film was changed, the transverse stretching ratio was 3.8 times, the stretching temperature was 135° C., and three uniaxially oriented PET films each having a thickness of about 100 μm were formed. Slit rolls (L, C, R) were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム８）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法を用い、横延伸倍率を３．８倍、延伸温度を１３５℃として、厚み約５０μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 8)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film with a thickness of about 50 μm, using a method similar to that for the polarizer protective film 1, with a transverse stretching ratio of 3.8 times and a stretching temperature of 135° C. Got
（偏光子保護フィルム９）
熱固定後にシェア刃でカットしなかったこと以外は偏光子保護フィルム８と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 9)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 8 except that it was not cut with a shear blade after heat setting.
（偏光子保護フィルム１０）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法を用い、横延伸倍率を４．２倍、延伸温度を１３５℃として、厚み約５０μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 10)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film with a thickness of about 50 μm, using a method similar to that for the polarizer protective film 1, with a transverse stretching ratio of 4.2 times and a stretching temperature of 135° C. Got
（偏光子保護フィルム１１）
シェア刃で切断後の巻き取り張力を０．２ｋｇ／ｍｍ２とした以外は偏光子保護フィルム１０と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 11)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that the winding tension after cutting with a shear blade was 0.2 kg/mm 2 . ..
（偏光子保護フィルム１２）
熱固定後にシェア刃でカットしなかったこと以外は偏光子保護フィルム１０と同様にして一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 12)
Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained in the same manner as the polarizer protective film 10 except that it was not cut with a shear blade after heat setting.
（偏光子保護フィルム１３）
偏光子保護フィルム４と同様の方法で、走行方向に１．８倍、幅方向に２．０倍延伸し、また、シェア刃で切断後の巻き取り張力を０．２ｋｇ／ｍｍ２としたフィルム厚み約２７５μｍの二軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 13)
A film stretched 1.8 times in the running direction and 2.0 times in the width direction by the same method as the polarizer protective film 4, and the winding tension after cutting with a shear blade was 0.2 kg/mm 2. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a biaxially oriented PET film having a thickness of about 275 μm were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１４）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、９０℃〜７０℃の温度区間で流れ方向に０．２％クリップ間隔を狭めて、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 14)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, processing was performed at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds, and a 0.2% clip interval was narrowed in the flow direction in a temperature range of 90° C. to 70° C. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 75 μm were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１５）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、９０℃〜７０℃の温度区間で流れ方向に０．１％クリップ間隔を狭めて、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 15)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, and then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, processing is performed at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds, and a 0.1% clip interval is narrowed in the flow direction in a temperature range of 90° C. to 70° C. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 75 μm were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１６）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、１１０℃〜７０℃の温度区間で流れ方向に０．２％クリップ間隔を狭めて、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール
（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 16)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, and then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, processing was performed at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds, and a 0.2% clip interval was narrowed in the flow direction in a temperature section of 110° C. to 70° C. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 75 μm were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１７）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、１５０℃〜１００℃の温度区間で流れ方向に０．４％クリップ間隔を狭めて、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protection film 17)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, processing was performed at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds, and a 0.4% clip interval was narrowed in the flow direction in a temperature section of 150° C. to 100° C. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film having a film thickness of about 75 μm were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１８）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、単位幅あたりに−５５℃／ｍの温度設定で冷却し、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 18)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, the film was treated at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds and cooled at a temperature setting of −55° C./m per unit width to obtain a film thickness of about 75 μm. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム１９）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、単位幅あたりに−３５℃／ｍの温度設定で冷却し、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 19)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, the film was treated at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds and cooled at a temperature setting of −35° C./m per unit width to obtain a film thickness of about 75 μm. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained.
（偏光子保護フィルム２０）
偏光子保護フィルム１と同様の方法により作製された未延伸フィルムを、テンター延伸機に導き、フィルムの端部をクリップで把持しながら、温度１２５℃の熱風ゾーンに導き、幅方向に３．５倍延伸し、次に、幅方向に延伸された幅を保ったまま、温度２２５℃、３０秒間で処理し、単位幅あたりに−１２０℃／ｍの温度設定で冷却し、フィルム厚み約７５μｍの一軸配向ＰＥＴフィルムからなる３本のスリットロール（Ｌ，Ｃ，Ｒ）を得た。
(Polarizer protective film 20)
The unstretched film produced by the same method as that for the polarizer protective film 1 was introduced into a tenter stretching machine and, while gripping the end portion of the film with a clip, introduced into a hot air zone having a temperature of 125° C. and a width direction of 3.5. Double stretching, then, while maintaining the width stretched in the width direction, the film was treated at a temperature of 225° C. for 30 seconds and cooled at a temperature setting of −120° C./m per unit width to obtain a film thickness of about 75 μm. Three slit rolls (L, C, R) made of a uniaxially oriented PET film were obtained.
偏光子保護フィルム１〜２０について、熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値、熱収縮率の最大値、及び光漏れ評価の結果を表１に示す。 Table 1 shows the absolute value of the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio, the maximum value of the heat shrinkage ratio, and the result of the light leakage evaluation for the polarizer protective films 1 to 20.
表１において、「フィルム」とは、上記の偏光子保護フィルムを意味する。 In Table 1, "film" means the above-mentioned polarizer protective film.
また、偏光子保護フィルム１〜２０を用いて上述するように作製した液晶表示装置について虹斑観察及び引裂き強度を測定した結果を以下の表２に示す。 Table 2 below shows the results of rainbow spot observation and tear strength measurement of the liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above using the polarizer protective films 1 to 20.
表１に示された結果から、熱収縮率の傾きの絶対値が１５度以下であれば、２枚の偏光板がクロスニコルの関係になるように配置した場合の僅かな光の漏れを抑制することができることが示された。また、偏光子保護フィルム１〜２０の熱収縮率の最大値は全て１％未満であった。 From the results shown in Table 1, if the absolute value of the slope of the heat shrinkage ratio is 15 degrees or less, slight light leakage is suppressed when the two polarizing plates are arranged in a crossed Nicol relationship. It has been shown that it can be done. Further, the maximum values of the heat shrinkage rates of the polarizer protective films 1 to 20 were all less than 1%.
表２に示された結果から、配向ポリエステルフィルムのリタデーションが４０００以上であり、且つ、そのＮｚ係数が１．７以下である場合に、虹斑の発生が顕著に抑制されることが示された。また、この条件に加えて、配向ポリエステルフィルムの面配向度を０．
１３以下に制御することによって、より効果的に虹斑の発生を抑制することが可能であることが示された。
From the results shown in Table 2, it was shown that when the retardation of the oriented polyester film is 4000 or more and the Nz coefficient thereof is 1.7 or less, the occurrence of iris is significantly suppressed. .. In addition to this condition, the degree of plane orientation of the oriented polyester film is 0.
It was shown that by controlling to 13 or less, it is possible to more effectively suppress the occurrence of iris spots.
本発明によれば、２枚の偏光板をクロスニコルの関係になるように配置した場合に、僅かな光の漏れの発生が抑制され、優れた視認性を有する液晶表示装置を得るのに好適なポリエステルフィルムからなる偏光子保護フィルムを提供することができる。よって、本発明の産業上の利用可能性は極めて高い。 According to the present invention, when two polarizing plates are arranged so as to have a crossed Nicol relationship, it is suitable to obtain a liquid crystal display device in which the generation of slight light leakage is suppressed and which has excellent visibility. It is possible to provide a polarizer protective film made of a transparent polyester film. Therefore, the industrial applicability of the present invention is extremely high.
Claims (4)
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| JP2022072042A JP2022105524A (en) | 2013-09-10 | 2022-04-26 | Polarizer protective film, polarizing plate, and liquid crystal display device |
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| TWI649591B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2019-02-01 | 南韓商Ｓｋｃ股份有限公司 | Protective film for polarizing member, polarizing plate including the same, and display device having the same |
| TWI750280B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2021-12-21 | 日商東洋紡股份有限公司 | Liquid crystal display device, polarizer and polarizer protective film |
| JP2019066841A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | 東洋紡株式会社 | Polyester film and use of the same |
| CN111656231B (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2022-04-19 | 株式会社Lg化学 | Polarizing plate and display device |
| JP6979432B2 (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-12-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | Polarizer |
| WO2021200367A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 東洋紡株式会社 | Polyester film for protecting polarizer, polarizer, and liquid crystal display device |
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| JP2018185535A (en) | 2018-11-22 |
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