JP2020104026A - Sludge solubilization method and sludge solubilization device - Google Patents

Sludge solubilization method and sludge solubilization device Download PDF

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JP2020104026A
JP2020104026A JP2018242083A JP2018242083A JP2020104026A JP 2020104026 A JP2020104026 A JP 2020104026A JP 2018242083 A JP2018242083 A JP 2018242083A JP 2018242083 A JP2018242083 A JP 2018242083A JP 2020104026 A JP2020104026 A JP 2020104026A
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sludge
solubilization
viscosity
reduction rate
chemical
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JP7163172B2 (en
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一冬 田中
Kazufuyu Tanaka
田中　　一冬
小松　敏宏
Toshihiro Komatsu
敏宏 小松
智子 松崎
Tomoko Matsuzaki
智子 松崎
タントゥイ チャンティ
Thi Tan Thuy Trang
タントゥイ チャンティ
禎泰 伊藤
Sadayasu Ito
禎泰 伊藤
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Kubota Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

To provide a sludge solubilization method which enables effective solubilization treatment of sludge while restraining excessive addition of an alkaline agent in a preceding stage of anaerobic digestion treatment.SOLUTION: A sludge solubilization method comprises solubilization treatment of sludge as an object of anaerobic digestion treatment in a predetermined solubilization condition including addition of an agent, the solubilization treatment being performed in a preceding stage of the anaerobic digestion treatment of the sludge. The solubilization condition is adjusted so that a sludge viscosity decrease ratio R defined by the following mathematical expression: R=(Po-Pa)/Po where a viscosity of the raw sludge is Po and a viscosity of the sludge after solubilization is Pa is a target decrease ratio.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、汚泥可溶化方法及び汚泥可溶化装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a sludge solubilization method and a sludge solubilization apparatus.

下水処理における生物処理の前段で発生する初沈汚泥、生物処理で生じる余剰汚泥、嫌気性消化処理で生じる消化汚泥、さらにはこれらの混合汚泥を例えば嫌気性消化処理するような場合に、前段で可溶化処理が行なわれる。 Initial sludge generated in the first stage of biological treatment in sewage treatment, surplus sludge generated in biological treatment, digested sludge generated in anaerobic digestion treatment, and further, in the case where such mixed sludge is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment, Solubilization treatment is performed.

特許文献１には、所定の加温状態で汚泥に含まれる有機物の細胞膜を破壊して有機成分を効果的に減少させることを目的とする熱化学的に細胞を破壊する装置が開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a device for thermochemically destroying cells for the purpose of effectively destroying the cell membrane of the organic matter contained in sludge in a predetermined heating state to effectively reduce the organic components. ..

当該装置は、内側槽の周囲に環状槽を備えた反応器と、反応器に下水汚泥を供給する汚泥ポンプと、汚泥ポンプで搬送される下水汚泥に苛性ソーダを注入する計量ポンプと、苛性ソーダが注入された下水汚泥のｐＨ値を検出するｐＨ値測定装置を備えて構成され、ｐＨ値測定装置により検出された下水汚泥のｐＨ値に基づいて苛性ソーダの注入量を調整するべく計量ポンプがフィードバック制御されている。 The equipment is a reactor equipped with an annular tank around the inner tank, a sludge pump that supplies sewage sludge to the reactor, a metering pump that injects caustic soda into the sewage sludge carried by the sludge pump, and caustic soda injects. The metering pump is feedback-controlled to adjust the injection amount of caustic soda based on the pH value of the sewage sludge detected by the pH value measuring device. ing.

ＤＥ１０３４７４７６号DE 10347476

上述した従来のアルカリ薬剤添加装置では、アルカリ薬剤と汚泥の反応が進むと、弱酸性の溶解性物質が生成され、溶解性物質によりアルカリが中和されるようになる。そのため、アルカリ薬剤の添加直後はｐＨ値が上昇するが、直ぐにｐＨが低下するようになる。 In the conventional alkaline chemical addition device described above, when the reaction between the alkaline chemical and the sludge progresses, a weakly acidic soluble substance is generated, and the alkaline is neutralized by the soluble substance. Therefore, although the pH value increases immediately after the addition of the alkaline chemical, the pH value immediately decreases.

そのため、アルカリ薬剤を添加した後の汚泥のｐＨ値をアルカリ薬剤の添加量の指標とする場合には、アルカリ薬剤の添加量が過大になり、維持管理費が増大するという問題があった。特に、原汚泥のｐＨ値が低い汚泥に対してはアルカリ薬剤の添加量が過剰になりやすい傾向にある。また、ｐＨ計を用いる場合には定期的に消耗部品の交換が必要となり、設備の維持コストも嵩むようになる。 Therefore, when the pH value of the sludge after the addition of the alkaline chemical is used as an index of the amount of the alkaline chemical added, there is a problem that the amount of the alkaline chemical added becomes excessive and the maintenance cost increases. In particular, the amount of alkali chemicals added tends to be excessive in sludge having a low pH value. Further, when a pH meter is used, it is necessary to replace consumable parts on a regular basis, which increases the maintenance cost of the equipment.

また、嫌気性消化処理においては、投入される汚泥を全量可溶化しなくても嫌気性消化処理を良好に行なえ、原汚泥に対する汚泥の可溶化率の調整が重要であるとの知見を得ている。 In addition, in the anaerobic digestion process, it was found that the anaerobic digestion process can be well performed without completely solubilizing the input sludge, and it is important to adjust the solubilization ratio of the sludge to the original sludge. There is.

本発明の目的は、上述した問題点に鑑み、嫌気性消化処理の前段においてアルカリ薬剤の過剰な添加を抑制しながらも効果的に汚泥の可溶化処理が可能な汚泥可溶化方法及び汚泥可溶化装置を提供する点にある。 In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a sludge solubilization method and sludge solubilization that enable effective solubilization treatment of sludge while suppressing excessive addition of an alkaline chemical in the first stage of anaerobic digestion treatment. The point is to provide a device.

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明による汚泥可溶化方法の第一特徴構成は、汚泥を嫌気性消化処理する前段で実行され、嫌気性消化処理の対象となる汚泥を薬剤の添加を含む所定の可溶化条件で可溶化処理する汚泥可溶化方法であって、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、可溶化後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａとして、以下の数式で定義される汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ：
Ｒ＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａ）／Ｐｏ
が目標減少率となるように前記可溶化条件を調整する点にある。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the sludge solubilization method according to the present invention is performed before the anaerobic digestion treatment of sludge, and the sludge to be subjected to the anaerobic digestion treatment is added with a predetermined agent. In the sludge solubilization method of solubilizing under the solubilization conditions, the sludge viscosity reduction rate R defined by the following mathematical formula is defined as the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Pa of the sludge after solubilization:
R=(Po-Pa)/Po
Is to adjust the solubilization conditions so that the target reduction rate is obtained.

本願発明者は鋭意試験研究を重ねた結果、上述した数式で求まる汚泥粘度減少率Ｒを指標にして可溶化条件を調整することにより、薬剤の過剰投入などの過剰な可溶化条件で可溶化処理することなく、効率的に汚泥を可溶化することができるようになるという新知見を得ることができた。 The inventor of the present application has conducted extensive studies, and as a result, by adjusting the solubilization condition using the sludge viscosity reduction rate R obtained by the above-described mathematical expression as an index, the solubilization treatment is performed under excessive solubilization conditions such as excessive injection of a chemical agent. It was possible to obtain new knowledge that sludge can be efficiently solubilized without doing so.

同第二の特徴構成は、上述の第一の特徴構成に加えて、汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化処理する第１可溶化工程と、前記薬剤が添加された汚泥を所定温度に加温して可溶化処理する第２可溶化工程を含み、前記汚泥粘度減少率Ｒが、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第１可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａａとして、以下の数式で定義される第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１：
Ｒ１＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａａ）／Ｐｏ
及び
原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第２可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａｂとして、以下の数式で定義される第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２：
Ｒ２＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａｂ）／Ｐｏ
で定義され、前記第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１または前記第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が前記目標減少率となるように調整される前記可溶化条件に、前記第１可溶化工程における前記薬剤の添加量が含まれる点にある。 The second characteristic configuration is, in addition to the above-described first characteristic configuration, a first solubilization step of adding a chemical to sludge to perform a solubilization treatment, and heating the sludge to which the chemical is added to a predetermined temperature. And a second solubilization step of performing solubilization treatment, wherein the sludge viscosity reduction rate R is defined by the following mathematical formula as the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Paa of the sludge after the first solubilization step. Sludge viscosity reduction rate R1:
R1=(Po-Paa)/Po
And the viscosity Sl of the original sludge and the viscosity Pab of the sludge after the second solubilization step, the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 defined by the following mathematical formula:
R2=(Po-Pab)/Po
And the addition of the chemical agent in the first solubilization step to the solubilization condition adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 becomes the target reduction rate. The point is that the quantity is included.

汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化する第１可溶化工程と、その後に加熱して可溶化する第２可溶化工程を経て可溶化される。その際に、第１可溶化工程における第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１が目標減少率となるように薬剤の添加量が調整され、または、第２可溶化工程における第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が目標減少率となるように薬剤の添加量が調整されることにより、薬剤の過剰投入が回避され、効率的に可溶化できるようになる。 The sludge is solubilized through a first solubilization step in which a chemical is added to the sludge to solubilize it and a second solubilization step in which the sludge is heated and solubilized. At that time, the addition amount of the chemicals is adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 in the first solubilization step is the target reduction rate, or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 in the second solubilization step is the target. By adjusting the addition amount of the drug so that the reduction rate is achieved, it is possible to avoid the excessive injection of the drug and efficiently solubilize it.

同第三の特徴構成は、上述の第二の特徴構成に加えて、前記薬剤がアルカリ薬剤である点にあり、汚泥にアルカリ薬剤を添加することにより汚泥に含まれる有機物の細胞膜が破壊され、可溶化されるようになる。 The third characteristic configuration, in addition to the second characteristic configuration described above, is that the chemical agent is an alkaline chemical agent, by adding an alkaline chemical agent to the sludge, the cell membrane of organic matter contained in the sludge is destroyed, It becomes solubilized.

同第四の特徴構成は、上述の第三の特徴構成に加えて、前記可溶化条件に、さらに前記アルカリ薬剤と汚泥の混合強度が含まれる点にある。 The fourth characteristic constitution is that, in addition to the above-mentioned third characteristic constitution, the solubilization condition further includes a mixing strength of the alkali chemicals and sludge.

汚泥とアルカリ薬剤の混合強度を高めることにより、可溶化が促進されるようになる。混合強度とは汚泥に含まれる有機物とアルカリ薬剤との接触確率をいい、例えば回転撹拌羽根型攪拌機であれば、撹拌羽根の回転速度など、汚泥とアルカリ薬剤との撹拌状態を調整することにより混合強度を高めることができる。 Solubilization is promoted by increasing the mixing strength of sludge and alkaline chemicals. Mixing strength refers to the probability of contact between organic substances contained in sludge and alkaline chemicals.For example, in the case of a rotary stirring blade type stirrer, mixing is performed by adjusting the stirring state of sludge and alkaline chemicals such as the rotation speed of the stirring blades. Strength can be increased.

同第五の特徴構成は、上述の第一から第四の何れかの特徴構成に加えて、前記汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率の相関関係を予め求めておき、前記相関関係に基づいて前記汚泥の可溶化率が目標可溶化率となる前記汚泥粘度減少率を前記目標減少率に設定する点にある。 The fifth characteristic configuration is, in addition to any one of the first to fourth characteristic configurations described above, previously obtained a correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate, and based on the correlation. That is, the sludge viscosity reduction rate at which the sludge solubilization rate becomes the target solubilization rate is set to the target reduction rate.

本願発明者は、汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率との間に一定の相関関係があることを見出した。その結果、当該相間関係に基づいて汚泥粘度減少率を調整することにより、過剰な薬剤の投入などの過剰な可溶化処理を行なわずに汚泥の可溶化率を目標とする可溶化率に調整できるようになる。 The present inventor has found that there is a certain correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate. As a result, by adjusting the sludge viscosity reduction rate based on the interphase relationship, it is possible to adjust the sludge solubilization rate to a target solubilization rate without performing excessive solubilization treatment such as inputting an excessive amount of chemicals. Like

本発明による汚泥可溶化装置の第一の特徴構成は、汚泥を嫌気性消化処理する嫌気性消化処理装置の前段に配置され、嫌気性消化処理の対象となる汚泥を所定の可溶化条件で可溶化処理する汚泥可溶化装置であって、汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化する第１可溶化装置と、前記薬剤が添加された汚泥を所定温度に加温して可溶化する第２可溶化装置と、前記第１可溶化装置に薬剤を添加する薬剤添加装置と、第１可溶化装置の前段と第１可溶化装置または前記第２可溶化装置の後段に設置された粘度計と、を含み、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第１可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａａとして、以下の数式で定義される第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１：
Ｒ１＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａａ）／Ｐｏ
または原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第２可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａｂとして、以下の数式で定義される第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２：
Ｒ２＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａｂ）／Ｐｏ
が目標減少率となるように前記第１可溶化工程における前記薬剤の添加量を調整する制御部を備えている点にある。 The first characteristic configuration of the sludge solubilization apparatus according to the present invention is arranged in front of an anaerobic digestion treatment apparatus for anaerobic digestion of sludge, and the sludge to be subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment can be treated under predetermined solubilization conditions. A sludge solubilization device for solubilization, which is a first solubilization device for adding a chemical to a sludge to solubilize it, and a second solubilization for heating the sludge to which the chemical is added to a predetermined temperature to solubilize it. A device, a drug adding device for adding a drug to the first solubilizing device, and a viscometer installed at a stage before the first solubilizing device and at a stage subsequent to the first solubilizing device or the second solubilizing device. Including the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Paa of the sludge after the first solubilization step, the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1: defined by the following mathematical formula:
R1=(Po-Paa)/Po
Alternatively, as the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Pab of the sludge after the second solubilization step, the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 defined by the following mathematical formula:
R2=(Po-Pab)/Po
Is provided with a control unit that adjusts the addition amount of the chemical in the first solubilization step so that the target reduction rate becomes.

同第二の特徴構成は、上述の第一の特徴構成に加えて、前記第１可溶化装置は、汚泥と薬剤を撹拌する撹拌機構を備えた混合装置で構成され、前記制御部は、前記薬剤の添加量の調整に加えて前記撹拌機構による混合強度を調整する点にある。 In the second characteristic configuration, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the first solubilization device is configured by a mixing device including a stirring mechanism that stirs sludge and a chemical agent, and the control unit is The point is to adjust the mixing intensity by the agitation mechanism in addition to the adjustment of the addition amount of the chemicals.

同第三の特徴構成は、上述の第一または第二の特徴構成に加えて、前記制御部は、予め求めた前記汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率の相関関係に基づいて前記汚泥の可溶化率が目標可溶化率となる前記汚泥粘度減少率を前記目標減少率に設定するように構成されている点にある。 The third characteristic configuration, in addition to the first or second characteristic configuration described above, the control unit, based on the correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate obtained in advance of the sludge The sludge viscosity reduction rate at which the solubilization rate becomes the target solubilization rate is set to the target reduction rate.

以上説明した通り、本発明によれば、嫌気性消化処理の前段においてアルカリ薬剤の過剰な添加を抑制しながらも効果的に汚泥の可溶化処理が可能な汚泥可溶化方法及び汚泥可溶化装置を提供することができるようになった。 As described above, according to the present invention, a sludge solubilization method and a sludge solubilization apparatus capable of effectively solubilizing sludge while suppressing excessive addition of an alkaline chemical in the preceding stage of anaerobic digestion treatment are provided. It is now possible to provide.

汚泥可溶化装置の説明図Illustration of sludge solubilizer 汚泥粘度減少率と可溶化率の相関関係を示す特性図Characteristic diagram showing the correlation between sludge viscosity reduction rate and solubilization rate 汚泥可溶化方法のフローチャートFlow chart of sludge solubilization method

以下、本発明による汚泥可溶化方法及び汚泥可溶化装置を説明する。
［汚泥可溶化装置の構成］
図１には、汚泥可溶化装置１が示されている。汚泥可溶化装置１は、撹拌混合機構１２を備えた汚泥混合装置１０と、汚泥混合装置１０にアルカリ薬剤を投入する薬剤投入機構２０と、薬剤が投入された汚泥を搬送途中で所定時間加熱する熱交換器３０と、加熱された汚泥を所定時間貯留する貯留槽４０と、を備えて構成されている。 Hereinafter, the sludge solubilization method and the sludge solubilization apparatus according to the present invention will be described.
[Structure of sludge solubilizer]
FIG. 1 shows a sludge solubilization device 1. The sludge solubilization device 1 heats a sludge mixing device 10 having a stirring/mixing mechanism 12, a chemical injection mechanism 20 for introducing an alkaline chemical into the sludge mixing device 10, and a sludge in which the chemical is introduced for a predetermined time during transportation. The heat exchanger 30 and the storage tank 40 that stores the heated sludge for a predetermined time are provided.

更に、汚泥混合装置１０に原汚泥を供給する第１汚泥ポンプ２と、貯留槽４０に貯留された汚泥を嫌気性消化設備に搬送する第２汚泥ポンプ４を備えており、汚泥混合装置１０の上流に第１粘度計ＰＭ１が設けられ、汚泥混合装置１０と熱交換器３０の間に第２粘度計ＰＭ２が設けられ、さらに熱交換器３０の下流側に第３粘度計ＰＭ３が設けられている。 Further, the sludge mixing device 10 includes a first sludge pump 2 for supplying raw sludge and a second sludge pump 4 for transporting the sludge stored in the storage tank 40 to an anaerobic digestion facility. A first viscometer PM1 is provided upstream, a second viscometer PM2 is provided between the sludge mixing device 10 and the heat exchanger 30, and a third viscometer PM3 is provided downstream of the heat exchanger 30. There is.

第１汚泥ポンプ２によって汚泥混合装置１０に供給された原汚泥は、薬剤投入機構２０からアルカリ薬剤が添加されて数分の間、撹拌混合され、さらに熱交換器３０を介して数分の間約５０℃に加熱された後に貯留槽４０に投入され、貯留槽４０で貯留された後に第２汚泥ポンプ４によって消化設備に搬送される。 The raw sludge supplied to the sludge mixing device 10 by the first sludge pump 2 is agitated and mixed for several minutes after the alkaline chemical is added from the chemical injection mechanism 20, and further for several minutes via the heat exchanger 30. After being heated to about 50° C., it is put into the storage tank 40, stored in the storage tank 40, and then conveyed to the digestion equipment by the second sludge pump 4.

撹拌混合機構１２は回転軸に指示された撹拌羽根と回転軸を回転駆動するモータを備えて構成され、モータの回転数を調節することにより汚泥混合装置１０に供給された原汚泥とアルカリ薬剤との撹拌強度を調整可能に構成されている。 The stirring/mixing mechanism 12 is configured to include a stirring blade designated by a rotary shaft and a motor for rotationally driving the rotary shaft, and the raw sludge and the alkaline chemicals supplied to the sludge mixing device 10 by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor. The stirring strength of is adjustable.

下水処理における生物処理の前段で発生する初沈汚泥、生物処理で生じる余剰汚泥、嫌気性消化処理で生じる消化汚泥、さらにはこれらの混合汚泥で、所定の含水率（本実施形態では約９０〜９８％）に濃縮された汚泥が原汚泥となる。嫌気性消化設備ではメタン発酵菌により嫌気性条件下でメタン発酵が行なわれ、発生したメタンガスが再生エネルギーガスとして利用される。 The first settling sludge generated before the biological treatment in the sewage treatment, the surplus sludge generated in the biological treatment, the digested sludge generated in the anaerobic digestion treatment, and the mixed sludge of these, a predetermined water content (about 90 ~ in this embodiment). Sludge concentrated to 98%) becomes raw sludge. In the anaerobic digestion facility, methane fermentation is performed by methane-fermenting bacteria under anaerobic conditions, and the generated methane gas is used as a renewable energy gas.

薬剤投入機構２０は、アルカリ薬剤の薬剤貯留槽２２と、アルカリ薬剤の供給管２４と、供給管２４にアルカリ薬剤を送る薬剤ポンプ２６を備えている。アルカリ薬剤として苛性ソーダが好適に用いられる。汚泥とアルカリ薬剤が撹拌混合されることにより汚泥が可溶化、つまり汚泥に含まれる有機物細胞膜が破壊され、後段の嫌気性消化処理に適した性状の汚泥となる。 The drug injection mechanism 20 includes a drug reservoir 22 for an alkaline drug, a supply pipe 24 for the alkaline drug, and a drug pump 26 for sending the alkaline drug to the supply pipe 24. Caustic soda is preferably used as the alkaline chemical. By stirring and mixing the sludge and the alkaline chemicals, the sludge is solubilized, that is, the organic matter cell membrane contained in the sludge is destroyed, and the sludge has properties suitable for the subsequent anaerobic digestion treatment.

薬剤ポンプ２６を制御する制御部５０がさらに設けられ、第１から第３粘度計ＰＭ１，ＰＭ２，ＰＭ３の出力が制御部５０に入力されている。制御部５０はマイクロコンピュータなどの電子回路で構成され、各粘度計の出力に基づく所定の演算処理が行なわれ、その結果に基づいて薬剤ポンプ２６の回転数またはストローク数、つまりアルカリ薬剤の添加量が調整される。 A control unit 50 for controlling the drug pump 26 is further provided, and outputs of the first to third viscometers PM1, PM2, PM3 are input to the control unit 50. The control unit 50 is composed of an electronic circuit such as a microcomputer, performs a predetermined calculation process based on the output of each viscometer, and based on the result, the number of revolutions or the number of strokes of the drug pump 26, that is, the addition amount of the alkaline drug. Is adjusted.

［汚泥可溶化方法の詳細］
本発明による汚泥可溶化方法は、汚泥を嫌気性消化処理する前段で実行され、嫌気性消化処理へ投入される可溶化汚泥がメタン発酵されるのに必要な汚泥の可溶化率を維持するために嫌気性消化処理の対象となる汚泥を薬剤の添加を含む所定の可溶化条件で可溶化処理する汚泥可溶化方法で、主に上述の制御部５０により薬剤の添加処理が実行される。 [Details of sludge solubilization method]
The sludge solubilization method according to the present invention is performed before the anaerobic digestion treatment of sludge to maintain the solubilization rate of the sludge required for methane fermentation of the solubilized sludge fed to the anaerobic digestion treatment. In the sludge solubilization method, the sludge solubilization process is performed on the sludge to be subjected to the anaerobic digestion treatment under a predetermined solubilization condition including the addition of the chemical, and the chemical addition process is mainly performed by the control unit 50 described above.

つまり、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、可溶化後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａとして、以下の数式で定義される汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ：Ｒ＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａ）／Ｐｏが目標減少率となるように前記可溶化条件を調整するように処理される。原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏとは上述した第１粘度計ＰＭ１で測定された粘度である。また可溶化後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａとは上述した第２粘度計ＰＭ２または第３粘度計ＰＭ３で測定された粘度である。 That is, as the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Pa of the sludge after solubilization, the sludge viscosity reduction rate R:R=(Po-Pa)/Po defined by the following mathematical formula is set to the target reduction rate. Processed to adjust solubilization conditions. The viscosity Po of the raw sludge is the viscosity measured by the first viscometer PM1 described above. The viscosity Pa of the solubilized sludge is the viscosity measured by the second viscometer PM2 or the third viscometer PM3 described above.

更に具体的に説明すると、汚泥可溶化方法は、汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化処理する第１可溶化工程と、薬剤が添加された汚泥を所定温度に加温して可溶化処理する第２可溶化工程を含み、汚泥粘度減少率Ｒが、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第１可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａａとして、以下の数式で定義される第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１：Ｒ１＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａａ）／Ｐｏ、及び、原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第２可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａｂとして、以下の数式で定義される第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２：Ｒ２＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａｂ）／Ｐｏで定義され、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１または第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が目標減少率となるように調整される可溶化条件に、第１可溶化工程における薬剤の添加量が含まれる。また、可溶化条件に、アルカリ薬剤と汚泥の混合強度が含まれる。 More specifically, the sludge solubilization method includes a first solubilization step in which a chemical is added to the sludge to perform a solubilization treatment, and a sludge solubilization treatment in which the chemical-added sludge is heated to a predetermined temperature to perform a solubilization treatment. Including two solubilization steps, the sludge viscosity reduction rate R is defined as the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1:R1= defined by the following mathematical formulas, where the original sludge viscosity Po and the sludge viscosity Paa after the first solubilization step are defined. (Po-Paa)/Po, the viscosity Po of the original sludge, and the viscosity Pab of the sludge after the second solubilization step are defined as the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2:R2=(Po-Pab )/Po, and the solubilization conditions adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 is the target reduction rate include the addition amount of the drug in the first solubilization step. Be done. In addition, the solubilization conditions include the mixing strength of the alkaline chemicals and the sludge.

さらに、制御部５０の内部メモリには、予め求められた汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率の相関関係を示すテーブルデータが格納されており、制御部５０は、当該相関関係に基づいて汚泥の可溶化率が目標可溶化率となる汚泥粘度減少率を目標減少率に設定するように構成されている。 Further, the internal memory of the control unit 50 stores table data showing a correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate that are obtained in advance, and the control unit 50 uses the sludge based on the correlation. The sludge viscosity decrease rate at which the target solubilization rate is set to the target decrease rate is set.

汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化する第１可溶化工程と、その後に加熱して可溶化する第２可溶化工程を経て可溶化される。その際に、第１可溶化工程における第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１が目標減少率となるように薬剤の添加量が調整され、または、第２可溶化工程における第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が目標減少率となるように薬剤の添加量が調整されることにより、薬剤の過剰投入が回避され、効率的に可溶化できるようになる。ここで、熱交換器３０において加温温媒体の温度は一定であり、熱交換器３０を流通する第１可溶化工程を経た可溶化汚泥の熱交換器３０内の通過時間も一定であるため、第２可溶化工程における汚泥の可溶化の条件は一定である。従って、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１だけを指標としても第２可溶化工程を経た可溶化汚泥の可溶化率を目標とする可溶化率に維持することができる。 The sludge is solubilized through a first solubilization step in which a chemical is added to the sludge to solubilize it and a second solubilization step in which the sludge is heated and solubilized. At that time, the addition amount of the chemicals is adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 in the first solubilization step is the target reduction rate, or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 in the second solubilization step is the target. By adjusting the addition amount of the drug so that the reduction rate is achieved, it is possible to avoid the excessive injection of the drug and efficiently solubilize it. Here, the temperature of the heating medium in the heat exchanger 30 is constant, and the passage time of the solubilized sludge passing through the first solubilization step in the heat exchanger 30 in the heat exchanger 30 is also constant. The conditions for solubilizing sludge in the second solubilizing step are constant. Therefore, even if only the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 is used as an index, the solubilization rate of the solubilized sludge that has undergone the second solubilization step can be maintained at the target solubilization rate.

さらに、上述した汚泥とアルカリ薬剤の混合強度を高めることにより、可溶化が促進されるようになる。混合強度とは汚泥に含まれる有機物とアルカリ薬剤との接触確率をいい、例えば撹拌混合機構１２の撹拌羽根の回転数を調整し、汚泥とアルカリ薬剤との撹拌状態を調整することにより混合強度を高めることができる。 Further, by increasing the mixing strength of the above-mentioned sludge and alkaline chemicals, solubilization is promoted. The mixing strength refers to the contact probability between the organic matter contained in the sludge and the alkaline chemicals, for example, by adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring blade of the stirring and mixing mechanism 12 and adjusting the stirring state of the sludge and the alkaline chemicals. Can be increased.

本願発明者は、嫌気性消化処理には投入する汚泥の可溶化率が重要であること、及び、汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率との間に一定の相関関係があることを見出した。その結果、当該相間関係に基づいて汚泥粘度減少率を調整することにより、過剰な薬剤の投入などの過剰な可溶化処理を行なわずに汚泥の可溶化率を目標とする可溶化率に調性できるようになる。 The inventor of the present application has found that the solubilization rate of sludge to be input is important for anaerobic digestion treatment, and that there is a certain correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate. .. As a result, by adjusting the sludge viscosity reduction rate based on the interphase relationship, it is possible to adjust the sludge solubilization rate to the target solubilization rate without performing excessive solubilization treatment such as inputting excess chemicals. become able to.

薬液添加量を調整する薬剤ポンプ２６の回転数またはストローク数、及び、混合強度を調整する撹拌混合機構１２のモータの回転数の調整量は、計測された粘度減少率と目標粘度減少率との偏差量を基準とするフィードバック制御により決定される。 The rotation speed or stroke speed of the chemical pump 26 for adjusting the amount of added chemical liquid, and the rotation speed of the motor of the stirring/mixing mechanism 12 for adjusting the mixing strength are the measured viscosity reduction rate and the target viscosity reduction rate. It is determined by feedback control based on the deviation amount.

図２には、汚泥粘度減少率と可溶化率の相関関係を示す特性図が示されている。図中、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１が黒丸印で示され、第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が黒三角印で示されている。つまり、黒丸印により汚泥混合装置１０における可溶化率と汚泥粘度減少率の相関関係が示され、黒三角印により熱交換器３０における可溶化率と汚泥粘度減少率の相関関係が示されている。なお、汚泥の可溶化率はＣＯＤｃｒを指標として求める方法やＶＴＳを指標として求める方法など既知の方法で求めればよい。 FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the solubilization rate. In the figure, the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 is shown by a black circle, and the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 is shown by a black triangle. That is, the black circles show the correlation between the solubilization rate in the sludge mixing device 10 and the sludge viscosity reduction rate, and the black triangles show the correlation between the solubilization rate in the heat exchanger 30 and the sludge viscosity reduction rate. .. The solubilization rate of sludge may be obtained by a known method such as a method using CODcr as an index or a method using VTS as an index.

汚泥混合装置１０を通過した汚泥に対する第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１が、可溶化率２０％に対応した約５０％となるように薬剤の添加量が調整されると、その後熱交換器３０を通過した汚泥に対する第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が最終の目標可溶化率３５％に対応した約８０％になる。 When the addition amount of the chemicals is adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 with respect to the sludge that has passed through the sludge mixing device 10 is about 50% corresponding to the solubilization rate of 20%, it then passes through the heat exchanger 30. The second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 with respect to the sludge is about 80% corresponding to the final target solubilization rate of 35%.

制御部５０は、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１が過渡的な目標可溶化率２０％に対応した約５０％となるように薬剤の添加量を調整する、または第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が最終の目標可溶化率３５％に対応した約８０％となるように薬剤の添加量を調整するように構成されている。即ち、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１及び第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２の双方に基づいて薬剤の添加量を調整してもよいが、第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１及び第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２の何れか一方に基づいて薬剤の添加量を調整してもよい。 The control unit 50 adjusts the addition amount of the chemical so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 becomes about 50% corresponding to the transient target solubilization rate of 20%, or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 is the final value. The additive amount of the drug is adjusted to be about 80% corresponding to the target solubilization rate of 35%. That is, the addition amount of the chemical may be adjusted based on both the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 and the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2, but the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 and the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 may be adjusted. You may adjust the addition amount of a chemical|medical agent based on either one.

図３には、制御部５０により実行される汚泥可溶化制御の手順が示されている。制御部５０は、各粘度計ＰＭ１，ＰＭ２，ＰＭ３から検出された粘度データを入力すると（Ｓ１）、上述した数式に基づいて第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１、及び、第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２を算出し（Ｓ２）、それらが目標粘度減少率に達したか否かを判断し（Ｓ３）、達していなければ（Ｓ３，Ｎ）、薬液添加量を増加調整するとともに（Ｓ４）、混合強度を高めるべく撹拌混合機構１２のモータの回転数またはソレノイドのストローク数を高める。 FIG. 3 shows a procedure of sludge solubilization control executed by the control unit 50. When the control unit 50 inputs the viscosity data detected from each of the viscometers PM1, PM2, PM3 (S1), it calculates the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 and the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 based on the above-described mathematical formula. It is calculated (S2), it is judged whether or not they have reached the target viscosity reduction rate (S3), and if they have not been reached (S3, N), the chemical addition amount is adjusted to increase (S4) and the mixing strength is adjusted. In order to increase the number of rotations, the number of rotations of the motor of the stirring and mixing mechanism 12 or the number of strokes of the solenoid is increased.

目標粘度減少率に到達していれば（Ｓ３，Ｙ）、目標粘度減少率が予め設定された許容範囲を超過しているか否かが判断され、適正であれば（Ｓ６，Ｎ）、ステップＳ１に戻り、許容範囲を超過していれば（Ｓ６，Ｙ）、薬液添加量を減少調整するとともに（Ｓ４）、混合強度を弱めるべく撹拌混合機構１２のモータの回転数またはソレノイドのストローク数を低下させる。 If the target viscosity reduction rate has been reached (S3, Y), it is determined whether or not the target viscosity reduction rate exceeds a preset allowable range, and if it is appropriate (S6, N), step S1. Returning to step S6, if the allowable range is exceeded (S6, Y), the chemical addition amount is adjusted to be decreased (S4), and the rotation speed of the motor or solenoid stroke of the stirring/mixing mechanism 12 is decreased to weaken the mixing strength. Let

上述した実施形態は本発明の一態様であり、該記載により本発明が限定されるものではなく、薬剤添加量と混合強度の何れか一方のみを調整してもよく、アルカリ薬剤の種類、熱交換器の加温媒体の温度、貯留槽、制御部による制御態様などは本発明の作用効果が奏される範囲で適宜変更設計可能であることはいうまでもない。 The embodiment described above is one aspect of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the description, and it is possible to adjust only one of the added amount of the drug and the mixing strength, and It goes without saying that the temperature of the heating medium of the exchanger, the storage tank, the control mode by the control unit, and the like can be appropriately changed and designed within the range in which the effects of the present invention are exhibited.

１：汚泥可溶化装置
２：第１汚泥ポンプ
４：第２汚泥ポンプ
１０：汚泥混合装置
１２：撹拌混合機構
２０：薬剤投入機構
３０：熱交換器
４０：貯留槽
ＰＭ１：第１粘度計
ＰＭ２：第２粘度計
ＰＭ３：第３粘度計 1: Sludge solubilization device 2: First sludge pump 4: Second sludge pump 10: Sludge mixing device 12: Agitation mixing mechanism 20: Chemical injection mechanism 30: Heat exchanger 40: Storage tank PM1: First viscometer PM2: Second viscometer PM3: Third viscometer

Claims (8)

汚泥を嫌気性消化処理する前段で実行され、嫌気性消化処理の対象となる汚泥を薬剤の添加を含む所定の可溶化条件で可溶化処理する汚泥可溶化方法であって、
原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、可溶化後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａとして、以下の数式で定義される汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ：
Ｒ＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａ）／Ｐｏ
が目標減少率となるように前記可溶化条件を調整する汚泥可溶化方法。 A sludge solubilization method that is performed before anaerobic digestion of sludge and solubilizes sludge to be subjected to anaerobic digestion under predetermined solubilization conditions including addition of a chemical,
As the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Pa of the sludge after solubilization, the sludge viscosity reduction rate R defined by the following mathematical formula:
R=(Po-Pa)/Po
The sludge solubilization method in which the solubilization conditions are adjusted so that the target reduction rate is. 汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化処理する第１可溶化工程と、前記薬剤が添加された汚泥を所定温度に加温して可溶化処理する第２可溶化工程を含み、
前記汚泥粘度減少率Ｒが、
原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第１可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａａとして、以下の数式で定義される第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１：
Ｒ１＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａａ）／Ｐｏ
及び
原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第２可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａｂとして、以下の数式で定義される第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２：
Ｒ２＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａｂ）／Ｐｏ
で定義され、前記第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１または前記第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２が前記目標減少率となるように調整される前記可溶化条件に、前記第１可溶化工程における前記薬剤の添加量が含まれる請求項１記載の汚泥可溶化方法。 A first solubilization step of adding a chemical to sludge to perform a solubilization treatment, and a second solubilization step of heating the sludge to which the chemical is added to a predetermined temperature to perform a solubilization treatment,
The sludge viscosity reduction rate R is
As the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Paa of the sludge after the first solubilization step, the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1: defined by the following mathematical formula
R1=(Po-Paa)/Po
And the viscosity Sl of the original sludge and the viscosity Pab of the sludge after the second solubilization step, the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 defined by the following mathematical formula:
R2=(Po-Pab)/Po
And the addition of the chemical agent in the first solubilization step to the solubilization condition adjusted so that the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1 or the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 becomes the target reduction rate. The method for solubilizing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the amount is included. 前記薬剤がアルカリ薬剤である請求項２記載の汚泥可溶化方法。 The sludge solubilization method according to claim 2, wherein the chemical is an alkaline chemical. 前記可溶化条件に、さらに前記アルカリ薬剤と汚泥の混合強度が含まれる請求項３記載の汚泥可溶化方法。 The sludge solubilization method according to claim 3, wherein the solubilization conditions further include a mixing strength of the alkaline chemicals and sludge. 前記汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率の相関関係を予め求めておき、前記相関関係に基づいて前記汚泥の可溶化率が目標可溶化率となる前記汚泥粘度減少率を前記目標減少率に設定する請求項１から４の何れかに記載の汚泥可溶化方法。 The correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate is obtained in advance, and the sludge viscosity reduction rate at which the sludge solubilization rate becomes the target solubilization rate based on the correlation is set to the target reduction rate. The sludge solubilization method according to claim 1, which is set. 汚泥を嫌気性消化処理する嫌気性消化処理装置の前段に配置され、嫌気性消化処理の対象となる汚泥を所定の可溶化条件で可溶化処理する汚泥可溶化装置であって、
汚泥に薬剤を添加して可溶化する第１可溶化装置と、前記薬剤が添加された汚泥を所定温度に加温して可溶化する第２可溶化装置と、前記第１可溶化装置に薬剤を添加する薬剤添加装置と、第１可溶化装置の前段と第１可溶化装置または前記第２可溶化装置の後段に設置された粘度計と、を含み、
原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第１可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａａとして、以下の数式で定義される第１汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ１：
Ｒ１＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａａ）／Ｐｏ
または原汚泥の粘度Ｐｏ、第２可溶化工程後の汚泥の粘度Ｐａｂとして、以下の数式で定義される第２汚泥粘度減少率Ｒ２：
Ｒ２＝（Ｐｏ−Ｐａｂ）／Ｐｏ
が目標減少率となるように前記第１可溶化工程における前記薬剤の添加量を調整する制御部を備えている汚泥可溶化装置。 A sludge solubilization device that is disposed in the preceding stage of an anaerobic digestion treatment device that anaerobically digests sludge, and that solubilizes sludge that is the target of anaerobic digestion treatment under predetermined solubilization conditions,
A first solubilizing device that solubilizes sludge by adding a chemical agent, a second solubilizing device that solubilizes the sludge to which the chemical agent is added by heating to a predetermined temperature, and a chemical agent in the first solubilizing device And a viscometer installed before the first solubilizer and after the first solubilizer or the second solubilizer.
As the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Paa of the sludge after the first solubilization step, the first sludge viscosity reduction rate R1: defined by the following mathematical formula
R1=(Po-Paa)/Po
Alternatively, as the viscosity Po of the original sludge and the viscosity Pab of the sludge after the second solubilization step, the second sludge viscosity reduction rate R2 defined by the following mathematical formula:
R2=(Po-Pab)/Po
The sludge solubilization apparatus comprising a control unit that adjusts the amount of the chemical added in the first solubilization step so that the target reduction rate is. 前記第１可溶化装置は、汚泥と薬剤を撹拌する撹拌機構を備えた混合装置で構成され、
前記制御部は、前記薬剤の添加量の調整に加えて前記撹拌機構による混合強度を調整する請求項６記載の汚泥可溶化装置。 The first solubilizer comprises a mixing device having a stirring mechanism for stirring sludge and chemicals,
The sludge solubilization device according to claim 6, wherein the control unit adjusts the mixing intensity of the stirring mechanism in addition to the adjustment of the amount of the chemical added. 前記制御部は、予め求めた前記汚泥粘度減少率と汚泥の可溶化率の相関関係に基づいて前記汚泥の可溶化率が目標可溶化率となる前記汚泥粘度減少率を前記目標減少率に設定するように構成されている請求項６または７記載の汚泥可溶化装置。 The control unit sets the sludge viscosity reduction rate at which the sludge solubilization rate becomes the target solubilization rate to the target reduction rate based on the correlation between the sludge viscosity reduction rate and the sludge solubilization rate obtained in advance. The sludge solubilization device according to claim 6 or 7, which is configured to.
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