JP2020078821A - Manufacturing method of bevel gear - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of bevel gear Download PDF

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JP2020078821A
JP2020078821A JP2018213633A JP2018213633A JP2020078821A JP 2020078821 A JP2020078821 A JP 2020078821A JP 2018213633 A JP2018213633 A JP 2018213633A JP 2018213633 A JP2018213633 A JP 2018213633A JP 2020078821 A JP2020078821 A JP 2020078821A
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tooth
bevel gear
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JP7020377B2 (en
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賢司 市石
Kenji Ichiishi
賢司 市石
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

To reduce a stress concentration to a metal mold at manufacturing while securing a necessary tooth face length of a tooth.SOLUTION: An O-point is set at one end part of a tooth tip 21, a T-point is set on a face at an intermediate part of both end parts of the tooth tip 21 having a substantially-flat shape, a necessary tooth face length of a tooth face 22a is set, an end part of the tooth tip 21 side when securing the tooth-face length from a tooth bottom side is set as an S-point, a point intersecting with a perpendicular line from the O-point with respect to a linear line for connecting the T-point and the S-point is set as a P-point, a Q-point is set so that a distance between the O-point and the Q-point becomes 30 to 50% of the distance for connecting the O-point and the P-point when setting a point which is located on the linear line for connecting the O-point and the P-point, and at which stress generated at a mold by a 3D modeling/CAE analysis becomes the smallest as the Q-point, a spline curve for connecting the S-point and the Q-point is set, the setting of the spline curve is continuously performed from an inner end of a tooth 11 toward an outer end, and a shape of the tooth having a gradually-changing R-shape at the tooth tip 21 is regulated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

本発明は、ベベルギヤの製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a bevel gear.

近年、鍛造により形成されるベベルギヤが用いられている。ベベルギヤの歯形形状を鍛造で形成する際、歯先の形状が尖っていると、成形圧により金型に許容以上の応力がかかり、その状態を繰り返すことで破損に至ることがある。   In recent years, a bevel gear formed by forging has been used. When the tooth profile of the bevel gear is formed by forging, if the shape of the tooth tip is sharp, the molding pressure exerts an unacceptable stress on the die, which may be damaged by repeating the state.

従来、このような分野の技術として、特表2007−509761号公報がある。この公報に記載されたベベルギヤでは、歯先のRをなだらかに形成することで、応力集中を防ぐことができる。このベベルギヤは、金型への充満度を下げて欠肉させて形成している。   Conventionally, as a technique in such a field, there is Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-509771. In the bevel gear described in this publication, stress concentration can be prevented by forming the R of the tooth tip gently. This bevel gear is formed by reducing the filling degree of the mold and making it lack thickness.

特表2007−509761号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-509761

しかしながら、前述した従来のベベルギヤは、金型への充満度を下げて欠肉させた状態で製造することから、形状を制御することが難しい。また偏肉が発生するため、噛み合い率が変化することが考えられる。なお、金型に許容以上の応力がかかり、歯先部分に割れが発生しやすいが、金型の割れが早期に発生すると製造コストが高くなるという問題がある。   However, it is difficult to control the shape of the above-described conventional bevel gear, because the bevel gear is manufactured in a state in which the degree of filling the mold is reduced and the wall thickness is reduced. In addition, it is conceivable that the meshing ratio may change due to uneven thickness. It should be noted that the mold is subject to stress more than allowable and cracks are likely to occur at the tooth tip portion, but if cracks occur in the mold early, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases.

ここで、金型の応力を下げるために、歯先の形状をなだらかにして応力集中を防ぐことは有効である一方、歯先のRを大きくすると、製品の歯面長が小さくなり、噛み合い率が下がることから製品機能への悪影響が発生する。
本発明は、十分な長さの必要歯面長を担保しつつ、鍛造による製造時の金型への応力集中を低減したベベルギヤの製造方法を提供するものである。
Here, in order to reduce the stress of the mold, it is effective to make the shape of the tooth tip gentle to prevent stress concentration, while increasing the R of the tooth tip reduces the tooth surface length of the product and the engagement rate. As a result, the product function is adversely affected.
The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a bevel gear in which stress concentration on a mold during manufacturing by forging is reduced while ensuring a sufficient length of a necessary tooth surface.

本発明にかかるベベルギヤの製造方法は、金型を用いて、歯先が徐変R形状であるベベルギヤを製造するベベルギヤの製造方法であって、ベベルギヤの歯部は、複数の歯がピッチ方向に連続して配置されており、前記歯は、ピッチ方向に略平坦形状を有する歯先と、歯底と前記歯先の間に配置されるとともに、前記歯先を挟むように配置される歯面と、を有し、徐変R形状を形成前の歯において、略平坦形状の前記歯先の端部であるとともに、歯面の端部である箇所にO点を設定し、略平坦形状である前記歯先の両端部の中間の面上にT点を設定し、前記歯面における必要歯面長を設定し、歯底側から前記必要歯面長を確保した際の前記歯先側の端部をS点として設定し、前記T点と前記S点を結ぶ直線に対して、前記O点からの垂線が交わる点をP点として設定し、前記O点と前記P点を結ぶ直線上であって、3Dモデリング/CAE解析により型に発生する応力が最小となる点をQ点として設定する際に、前記O点とQ点の間の距離が、前記O点と前記P点とを結んだ距離の30〜50%となるようにQ点を設定し、前記S点と前記Q点と前記T点を結ぶスプライン曲線を設定し、前記スプライン曲線の設定を前記歯の内端から外端にかけて連続して行い、前記歯先が徐変R形状である歯の形状を規定する。
これにより、歯先が徐変R形状であるベベルギヤの形状を規定できる。
A manufacturing method of a bevel gear according to the present invention is a manufacturing method of a bevel gear in which a tooth tip has a gradually changing R shape by using a mold, and a tooth portion of the bevel gear has a plurality of teeth in a pitch direction. The teeth are continuously arranged, and the teeth are arranged between the tooth top having a substantially flat shape in the pitch direction, the tooth bottom and the tooth tip, and the tooth surface is arranged so as to sandwich the tooth tip. In the tooth before forming the gradually changing R shape, the point O is set at the end portion of the tooth tip of the substantially flat shape and the end portion of the tooth surface, and the substantially flat shape is obtained. A point T is set on an intermediate surface between both ends of a certain tooth tip, a required tooth surface length is set on the tooth surface, and the tooth tip side at the time of securing the required tooth surface length from the tooth bottom side. On the straight line connecting the O point and the P point, the point is set as the S point, and the point where the perpendicular line from the O point intersects with the straight line connecting the T point and the S point. When setting the point at which the stress generated in the mold is the minimum by 3D modeling/CAE analysis as the Q point, the distance between the O point and the Q point is defined by the O point and the P point. The Q point is set to be 30 to 50% of the connected distance, the spline curve connecting the S point, the Q point and the T point is set, and the setting of the spline curve is set from the inner end of the tooth to the outer side. It is performed continuously to the end, and the shape of the tooth whose tip is a gradually changing R shape is defined.
As a result, the shape of the bevel gear whose tooth tip has a gradually changing R shape can be defined.

これにより、十分な長さの必要歯面長を担保しつつ、鍛造による製造時の金型への応力集中を低減したベベルギヤの製造方法を提供することができる。   Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a bevel gear in which stress concentration on a die during manufacturing by forging is reduced while ensuring a sufficient tooth surface length that is sufficient.

ベベルギヤを示した図である。It is a figure showing a bevel gear. ベベルギヤの歯の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the tooth of a bevel gear. 先端に徐変R形状を規定する前の歯の断面の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the cross section of the tooth before defining the gradually changing R shape at the tip. 先端に徐変R形状を規定した後の歯の断面の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of the cross section of the tooth after defining the gradually changing R shape at the tip. ベベルギヤの歯に徐変R形状を規定する手順を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the procedure which prescribes the gradually changing R shape to the tooth of the bevel gear.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。図1に示すように、ベベルギヤ1は、金型を用いた鍛造により成形されるギヤである。ベベルギヤ1には、ピッチ方向に連続した複数の歯11が形成されている。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the bevel gear 1 is a gear formed by forging using a die. A plurality of teeth 11 continuous in the pitch direction are formed on the bevel gear 1.

ここで図2は、1つの歯11の断面図である。図3、図4は、歯11の歯先21と、歯先21を挟むように配置されている歯面22の拡大図である。すなわち、図3、図4は、図2の点線四角部の拡大図である。なお、図3は歯先21に徐変Rを設定していない状態の歯11の拡大図であり、図4は、図3に示した歯の状態から、徐変Rを設定した状態の歯11を示している。なお以下では、徐変Rを設定していない状態の歯11において、歯先21がピッチ方向に略平坦形状となっているものとして説明する。   Here, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one tooth 11. 3 and 4 are enlarged views of the tip 21 of the tooth 11 and the tooth surface 22 arranged so as to sandwich the tip 21. That is, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are enlarged views of the dotted line square portion of FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the tooth 11 in the state in which the gradual change R is not set in the tooth tip 21, and FIG. 4 is a tooth in the state in which the gradual change R is set from the state of the teeth shown in FIG. 11 is shown. In the following description, it is assumed that the tooth tip 21 of the tooth 11 in which the gradual change R is not set has a substantially flat shape in the pitch direction.

ここで、図3に示すように、歯先21に徐変Rを設定していない通常のベベルギヤを鍛造により作成する場合には、歯先21面に垂直方向の応力σ1、及び歯面22に垂直方向の応力σ2が発生する。そのため、歯先21の端部かつ歯面22の端部であるO点を起点として、金型が破損しやすい。   Here, as shown in FIG. 3, when a normal bevel gear in which the gradual change R is not set in the tooth tip 21 is created by forging, the stress σ1 in the direction perpendicular to the tooth tip 21 and the tooth surface 22 A vertical stress σ2 occurs. Therefore, the mold is likely to be damaged starting from the point O which is the end of the addendum 21 and the end of the tooth flank 22.

次に、鍛造によりベベルギヤ1を成形する際の歯先21の徐変R形状の規定方法について説明する。以下では、図2に示すように、歯11における所定の断面について説明している。   Next, a method of defining the gradually changing R shape of the tooth tip 21 when forming the bevel gear 1 by forging will be described. Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 2, a predetermined cross section of the tooth 11 will be described.

なお、歯先21に徐変Rを設定していないベベルギヤを、基準のベベルギヤとして用いる。すなわち基準のベベルギヤは、歯先21と歯面22の間の頂点を起点として、金型に対して高い応力がかかるベベルギヤである。例えば、図4に示すように、歯先21に徐変R形状を有する歯11は、基準のベベルギヤの歯の歯先21及び歯面22の一部を削った形状となる。   In addition, a bevel gear in which the gradual change R is not set on the tooth tip 21 is used as a reference bevel gear. That is, the reference bevel gear is a bevel gear that applies a high stress to the die, starting from the apex between the tooth tip 21 and the tooth surface 22. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the tooth 11 having the gradually changing R shape on the tooth tip 21 has a shape in which a part of the tooth tip 21 and the tooth surface 22 of the reference bevel gear tooth is shaved.

最初に、O点の設定を行う(ステップS1)。具体的には、図2、図3に示すように、基準のベベルギヤの歯先21と、一方の歯面22aとの間の頂点であって、鍛造を行った場合に金型の破損の起点となる点を第1のO点とする。言い換えると、第1のO点は、歯先21の略平坦の端部であるとともに、歯面22aの端部の箇所である。   First, the O point is set (step S1). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is the apex between the tooth tip 21 of the reference bevel gear and the one tooth surface 22a, and is the starting point of damage to the die when forging is performed. Is defined as the first O point. In other words, the first point O is a substantially flat end of the addendum 21 and an end of the tooth surface 22a.

また同様に、図2に示すように、歯先21と他方の歯面22bとの間の頂点であって、鍛造を行った場合に金型の破損の起点となる点を第2のO点とする。   Similarly, as shown in FIG. 2, a point between the tooth tip 21 and the other tooth surface 22b, which is the starting point of damage to the die when forging is performed, is the second O point. And

次に、T点の設定を行う(ステップS2)。例えば、第1のO点と第2のO点の中間であり、第1のO点と第2のO点から等距離であって、歯先21上の位置をT点として設定する。なお、T点の設定方法はこの方法に限られず、例えば図2に示すように歯11が線対称の形状であれば、その対称線上であって、かつ、歯先21上の点をT点として設定してもよい。ここでは、歯先21上において、両端部の略中央の位置にT点を設定したものとする。   Next, the T point is set (step S2). For example, the position on the addendum 21 which is midway between the first O point and the second O point and equidistant from the first O point and the second O point is set as the T point. The method of setting the T point is not limited to this method. For example, if the tooth 11 has a line-symmetrical shape as shown in FIG. You may set as. Here, it is assumed that the point T is set on the tooth tip 21 at substantially the center positions of both ends.

次に、S点の設定を行う(ステップS3)。図2、図4に示すように、S点の設定を行うために、歯面22には、必要歯面長の設定を行う。この必要歯面長は、歯11の歯元或いは歯元の近傍から設定した歯先21方向への長さであり、機能製品要件によって変更することができる。   Next, the S point is set (step S3). As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, in order to set the point S, the necessary tooth flank length is set on the tooth flank 22. This required tooth surface length is the length in the direction of the tooth top 21 set from the root of the tooth 11 or in the vicinity of the root, and can be changed according to functional product requirements.

ここで、必要歯面長を設定した際に、歯面22a上であって歯元から歯先21に向けて必要歯面長を示す線分を仮定したときに、この線分における歯先21側の端部をS点として設定する。また、S点とT点とを結んだ直線S−Tを設定する。   Here, when the required tooth surface length is set, when a line segment indicating the required tooth surface length from the tooth root to the tooth tip 21 is assumed on the tooth surface 22a, the tooth tip 21 in this line segment is assumed. The side end is set as the S point. Also, a straight line S-T connecting the S point and the T point is set.

次に、P点の設定を行う(ステップS4)。直線S−Tに対して、O点から垂線を引いて交わった点をP点として設定する。また、O点とP点を結んだ直線O−Pを設定する。   Next, the point P is set (step S4). A point that intersects the straight line S-T by drawing a perpendicular line from the point O is set as a point P. Further, a straight line OP connecting the points O and P is set.

応力最小となるQ点の設定を行う(ステップS5)。ここでQ点は直線O−P上に設定されるとともに、O点とQ点を結ぶ線分O−Qの距離が、線分O−Pの距離の30%〜50%となるようにQ点を設定する。   The Q point that minimizes the stress is set (step S5). Here, the Q point is set on the straight line OP, and the distance of the line segment O-Q connecting the O point and the Q point is set to 30% to 50% of the distance of the line segment O-P. Set the point.

このときQ点は、ベベルギヤ1の3Dモデリングを構築し、CAE(コンピュータ支援解析:Computer Aided Engineering)によって、金型を用いてベベルギヤ1を形成する際に型に発生する応力が最小となるQ点の位置を算出することにより、設定する。   At this time, the Q point is the Q point where the stress generated in the die when the bevel gear 1 is formed by using the die by CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) is minimized by constructing the 3D modeling of the bevel gear 1. It is set by calculating the position of.

S点、Q点、T点を結ぶスプライン曲線を設定する(ステップS6)。なお、S点とT点について正接させるようにして、スプライン曲線の設定を行う。   A spline curve connecting points S, Q, and T is set (step S6). The spline curve is set so that the points S and T are tangent.

ここで、ステップS1〜ステップS6の処理によるスプライン曲線の設定を、歯11における所定の断面だけでなく、ベベルギヤの歯11の内端から外端まで連続して実行する(ステップS7)。これにより、複数のスプライン曲線を設定する。そして、これらのスプライン曲線によって描かれる線の集合が、歯先21及び歯面22aの表面となるように、歯11の徐変R形状を規定する。なお例えば、内端は傘状であるベベルギヤの歯の大端であり、外端は小端である。   Here, the setting of the spline curve by the processing of steps S1 to S6 is continuously performed from the inner end to the outer end of the tooth 11 of the bevel gear, in addition to the predetermined cross section of the tooth 11 (step S7). Thereby, a plurality of spline curves are set. Then, the gradually changing R shape of the tooth 11 is defined so that the set of lines drawn by these spline curves is the surface of the tooth tip 21 and the tooth surface 22a. Note that, for example, the inner end is the large end of the bevel gear tooth having an umbrella shape, and the outer end is the small end.

その後、スプライン曲線の設定によって規定された徐変R形状の歯先21を有するベベルギヤを鍛造するものとして、金型を形成する。   After that, a die is formed as forging a bevel gear having a gradually changing R-shaped tip 21 defined by setting a spline curve.

これにより、噛み合う相手歯車との必要歯面長を担保しながら、鍛造製造時の金型にかかる応力の集中を低下させるという、相反する鍛造製造要件を両立した製品形状を提案することができる。言い換えると、鍛造により形成されたベベルギヤでは噛み合い率の低下を抑制することができ、また、鍛造の際の金型の割れが早期に発生することを抑制できるため、製造コストを低下させることができる。   As a result, it is possible to propose a product shape that satisfies the contradictory forging manufacturing requirements, such as reducing the concentration of stress applied to the die during forging manufacturing while ensuring the required tooth surface length with the mating gear that meshes. In other words, in the bevel gear formed by forging, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the meshing ratio, and it is possible to suppress early cracking of the mold during forging, so that it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost. ..

なお、本発明は上記実施の形態に限られたものではなく、趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更することが可能である。   The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

例えば、ステップS6において、スプライン曲線を設定することによって徐変R形状を設定するものとして説明したが、スプライン曲線に限られず他の曲線を用いても良い。また、本手法によって徐変R形状を規定して鍛造するものは、ベベルギヤに限られず、他の種類の歯車を製造する際に利用しても良い。   For example, in step S6, it is described that the gradually changing R shape is set by setting the spline curve, but the curve is not limited to the spline curve, and another curve may be used. Further, the method of forging by defining the gradually changing R shape by this method is not limited to the bevel gear, and may be used when manufacturing other types of gears.

なお例えば、上記のベベルギヤ1では、歯先21が略平坦形状であるものとして説明したが、実際に製品として用いる際には、歯先21の形状を製品中心軸と同軸の円錐形状とすることができる。この歯先21の円錐形状については略平坦形状に近似するものとして扱うことができ、上記の方法により、歯先21に徐変R形状を設定できる。   In the above bevel gear 1, for example, the tooth tip 21 has been described as having a substantially flat shape, but when actually used as a product, the shape of the tooth tip 21 should be a conical shape coaxial with the product center axis. You can The conical shape of the addendum 21 can be treated as an approximation to a substantially flat shape, and the gradually changing R shape can be set on the addendum 21 by the above method.

また、T点の設定について、歯先21上の中央位置として設定するものとして説明したがこれに限られない。例えば歯先21上において、第1のO点と第2のO点の中間の任意の位置を、T点として設定しても良い。   Further, the setting of the T point has been described as being set as the center position on the tooth tip 21, but the setting is not limited to this. For example, on the tooth tip 21, an arbitrary position between the first O point and the second O point may be set as the T point.

1 ベベルギヤ
11 歯
21 歯先
22 歯面
22a 第1の歯面
22b 第2の歯面
1 Bevel Gear 11 Tooth 21 Tooth Tip 22 Tooth Surface 22a First Tooth Surface 22b Second Tooth Surface

Claims (1)

金型を用いて、歯先が徐変R形状であるベベルギヤを製造するベベルギヤの製造方法であって、
ベベルギヤの歯部は、複数の歯がピッチ方向に連続して配置されており、
前記歯は、
ピッチ方向に略平坦形状を有する歯先と、
歯底と前記歯先の間に配置されるとともに、前記歯先を挟むように配置される歯面と、を有し、
徐変R形状を形成前の歯において、
略平坦形状の前記歯先の端部であるとともに、歯面の端部である箇所にO点を設定し、
略平坦形状である前記歯先の両端部の中間の面上にT点を設定し、
前記歯面における必要歯面長を設定し、歯底側から前記必要歯面長を確保した際の前記歯先側の端部をS点として設定し、
前記T点と前記S点を結ぶ直線に対して、前記O点からの垂線が交わる点をP点として設定し、
前記O点と前記P点を結ぶ直線上であって、3Dモデリング/CAE解析により型に発生する応力が最小となる点をQ点として設定する際に、前記O点とQ点の間の距離が、前記O点と前記P点とを結んだ距離の30〜50%となるようにQ点を設定し、
前記S点と前記Q点と前記T点を結ぶスプライン曲線を設定し、
前記スプライン曲線の設定を前記歯の内端から外端にかけて連続して行い、前記歯先が徐変R形状である歯の形状を規定する、
ベベルギヤの製造方法。
A bevel gear manufacturing method for manufacturing a bevel gear in which a tooth tip has a gradually changing R shape using a mold,
The tooth portion of the bevel gear has a plurality of teeth continuously arranged in the pitch direction,
The teeth are
A tooth tip having a substantially flat shape in the pitch direction,
While being arranged between the tooth bottom and the tooth tip, a tooth surface arranged so as to sandwich the tooth tip,
In the tooth before forming the gradually changing R shape,
The point O is set at the end of the tooth surface, which is the end of the tooth tip having a substantially flat shape,
The T point is set on the middle surface of both ends of the tooth tip which is a substantially flat shape,
A required tooth surface length in the tooth surface is set, and an end portion on the tooth tip side when the required tooth surface length is secured from the tooth bottom side is set as a point S,
A point where a perpendicular line from the O point intersects with a straight line connecting the T point and the S point is set as a P point,
When a point on the straight line connecting the O point and the P point that minimizes the stress generated in the mold by 3D modeling/CAE analysis is set as the Q point, the distance between the O point and the Q point However, the Q point is set to be 30 to 50% of the distance connecting the O point and the P point,
Setting a spline curve connecting the S point, the Q point and the T point,
The setting of the spline curve is continuously performed from the inner end to the outer end of the tooth to define the tooth shape whose tip has a gradually changing R shape.
Bevel gear manufacturing method.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001165280A (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-06-19 Univ Miyazaki Gear, and gear pairs
JP2003117630A (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-23 Honda Motor Co Ltd Forging die
JP2006026709A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Toyota Motor Corp Dividable die
JP2007509761A (en) * 2003-11-07 2007-04-19 ビショップ イノヴェーション リミテッド Method and apparatus for forging gear teeth
US20170335942A1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2017-11-23 Enplas Corporation Resin helical gear

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001165280A (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-06-19 Univ Miyazaki Gear, and gear pairs
JP2003117630A (en) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-23 Honda Motor Co Ltd Forging die
JP2007509761A (en) * 2003-11-07 2007-04-19 ビショップ イノヴェーション リミテッド Method and apparatus for forging gear teeth
JP2006026709A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Toyota Motor Corp Dividable die
US20170335942A1 (en) * 2014-12-05 2017-11-23 Enplas Corporation Resin helical gear

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