JP2020059988A - Construction method of solid and dense bank for suppression of soil runoff, and construction device - Google Patents

Construction method of solid and dense bank for suppression of soil runoff, and construction device Download PDF

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JP2020059988A
JP2020059988A JP2018190272A JP2018190272A JP2020059988A JP 2020059988 A JP2020059988 A JP 2020059988A JP 2018190272 A JP2018190272 A JP 2018190272A JP 2018190272 A JP2018190272 A JP 2018190272A JP 2020059988 A JP2020059988 A JP 2020059988A
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solid
soil
embankment
cultivator
tiller
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巌 北川
Iwao Kitagawa
巌 北川
和也 巽
Kazuya Tatsumi
和也 巽
康貴 塚本
Yasutaka Tsukamoto
康貴 塚本
中村 隆一
Ryuichi Nakamura
隆一 中村
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Hokkaido Research Organization
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Hokkaido Research Organization
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Abstract

To provide a method for suppression of soil runoff from a farm land and a construction device used therefor.SOLUTION: A construction method of a solid and dense bank in a soil layer for suppression of soil runoff from a farm land comprises: plowing, at a predetermined plowing depth, solid and dense unplowed soil 10 by a tiller attached to a tractor while advancing the tractor; lifting the tiller upward above the ground surface at a predetermined position in an advancing direction; advancing the tractor by a predetermined distance in such a state; and constructing a solid and dense bank 12 at a non-plowed part by lowering the tiller to the predetermined plowing depth and restarting plowing, wherein the solid and dense bank 12 at the non-plowed part has a length corresponding to the advanced distance while lifting the tiller and a width of the tiller, and is formed with the solid and dense unplowed soil 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

本発明は、土壌流亡抑制のために土層内に堅密土堤を構築する方法及び施工装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and a construction device for constructing a solid embankment in a soil layer in order to suppress soil runoff.

近年、集中豪雨が多発することから、傾斜農地において表面流水により表土が流出する土壌流亡が多発している。それにより、農業生産活動における支障や地域の公共用水域の水環境に悪影響が生じている。農業者は、肥沃な表土の流出を抑制して生産性を永続的に維持するために土壌流亡抑制対策を実施している。また、土壌流亡抑制は、地域の水源となる公共用水域の水質保全対策、河川や海などの水域の環境保全としても必要である。   In recent years, due to frequent heavy rainfall, soil runoff is frequently occurring in the sloping farmland where surface soil flows out due to surface runoff. This causes obstacles in agricultural production activities and adversely affects the water environment of local public water bodies. Farmers are implementing soil loss control measures to control fertile topsoil runoff and maintain productivity permanently. Soil runoff control is also necessary as a water quality conservation measure for public water bodies that serve as a water source in the region and as an environmental conservation for water bodies such as rivers and the sea.

土壌流亡抑制対策としては、農地を不耕起状態として作物栽培する不耕起栽培方法、等高線方向に耕耘や作物の栽培畝を配置する等高線栽培方法、作物や緑肥を作付けするなどして土壌面を裸地状態にしない被覆対策、圃場内に溝を堀って直接傾斜方向に水が流れないようにする集水方法、圃場の外側に流出する土砂を濾過する植生の緩衝帯対策、流出した土砂を沈殿させる沈砂地設置対策などがある。しかしながら、対応可能な時期や手間などの実行性、効果発現程度などの点でそれぞれ欠点があり、要求を満たしていないのが現状である。   As measures for controlling soil runoff, a no-tillage cultivation method in which agricultural land is cultivated in a no-till state, a contour cultivation method in which tillage and crop ridges are arranged in the contour direction, and a soil surface is prepared by planting crops and green manure. Measures to prevent the soil from being left bare, water collection methods to prevent water from flowing directly in the slope by digging trenches in the field, buffer measures for vegetation to filter sediment flowing out of the field, outflow There are measures such as setting up a sandy ground to settle sediment. However, the current situation is that the requirements are not satisfied because there are drawbacks in terms of the time and labor that can be dealt with, the workability, and the degree of effect manifestation.

斯かる土壌流亡抑制対策の具体例は特許文献1〜4及び非特許文献1〜4がある。
特許文献1は、土壌表面に有機質機材に添加した菌糸を含む資材を散布して菌糸の繁殖により土壌を拘束する土壌侵食防止工法を開示する。特許文献2は、柔細胞を主体とした植物体の一部で土壌表面を被覆する土壌流出防止方法を開示する。特許文献3は、水性樹脂エマルジョンと水溶性高分子とを含む土壌侵食防止剤を散布することを開示するが、資材の散布は耕耘することで効果がなくなり、長期的な対応ができない。特許文献4は、シートにより強制的に降雨や凍結融解の影響を緩和する方法を開示するが、シート類は、農地では作物栽培の耕耘作業等に支障がある。これらの従来技術は、コスト面と労力面から毎回の施工が困難である。
Specific examples of such soil loss suppression measures include Patent Documents 1 to 4 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4.
Patent Document 1 discloses a soil erosion prevention construction method in which a material containing hyphae added to an organic material is sprayed on the soil surface to restrain the soil by breeding hyphae. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for preventing soil outflow in which the soil surface is covered with a part of a plant mainly composed of parenchyma cells. Patent Document 3 discloses that a soil erosion inhibitor containing an aqueous resin emulsion and a water-soluble polymer is sprayed, but the spraying of the material loses its effect by plowing, and long-term measures cannot be taken. Patent Document 4 discloses a method for forcibly mitigating the effects of rainfall and freezing and thawing by using sheets, but sheets have an obstacle in cultivating work for crop cultivation in farmland. These conventional techniques are difficult to perform each time due to cost and labor.

非特許文献1は、土木的手法として圃場勾配緩和、承水路や排水路の設置、暗渠の設置、農地管理として畦畔の設置、等高線栽培、グリーンベルト等、耕耘・営農対策としてマルチング、カバークロップ、ミニマムティレッジ(省耕起・不耕起)、輪作、間作、有機物投入を開示する。実際の畑作地帯では、基盤整備事業での圃場勾配緩和、暗渠や排水路の整備が行われるが、費用負担が大きいため、全ての農地には適用できない。これら改善を行ったとしても土壌流亡の抜本的対策とならない。また、輪作や有機物投入の効果は限定的である。さらに、等高線栽培は、極緩傾斜地で実施できるが急傾斜地では機械作業が不可能なため実施できない。間作は有効であるが、輪作体系により畑作が行われるため地表面を植物で被覆できずに裸地になる時期がある。グリーンベルト、マルチング、カバークロップは最も効果的であるが、収益性とコスト面、輪作の作業体系の面から実施困難な場合が多い。ミニマムティレッジ(省耕起・不耕起)は湿潤気候の日本では雑草繁茂の課題から導入は極めて困難である。   Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of civil engineering to mitigate field gradients, install water channels and drainage channels, install underdrains, install ridges for farmland management, contour line cultivation, green belts, etc. , Minimum tilage (rotary and non-tillage), crop rotation, intercropping, and organic matter input. In the actual upland area, the field slope will be relaxed and the culvert and drainage will be constructed in the infrastructure development project, but this is not applicable to all farmlands due to the large cost burden. Even if these improvements are made, they will not be a drastic measure against soil loss. The effects of crop rotation and organic matter input are limited. Furthermore, contour culturing can be carried out on extremely gentle slopes, but cannot be carried out on steep slopes because mechanical work is not possible. Intercropping is effective, but there are times when the surface of the land cannot be covered with vegetation and becomes bare land due to upland cultivation by a rotation system. Greenbelts, mulching and cover crops are the most effective, but they are often difficult to implement due to their profitability, cost and work system. It is extremely difficult to introduce minimum tilage (saving tillage / no tillage) in wet climate Japan due to the problem of weed overgrowth.

実際的な営農での対策として、非特許文献3は、草生帯およびソバ栽培導入による営農的赤土流出防止対策を開示する。ソバ栽培導入とその残渣を活用したマルチ設置には有効であるが、実施に手間がかかることから大規模な農業地域での導入は難しい。非特許文献4は、テラス承水路等の導入による大規模傾斜畑圃場における土壌流出抑制を開示するが、テラス承水路は農業における潰れ地の発生や農作業の支障、雑草の発生・繁茂地点となる、耕耘後に再構築するまで効果が消失するなどの課題がある。   As a practical measure for farming, Non-Patent Document 3 discloses a farming red soil runoff prevention measure by introducing a herbaceous zone and buckwheat cultivation. It is effective for introducing buckwheat cultivation and mulch installation using the residue, but it is difficult to introduce it in a large-scale agricultural area because it takes time to implement. Non-Patent Document 4 discloses suppression of soil runoff in a large-scale sloping field field by introducing a terrace diversion channel, etc., but the terrace diversion channel becomes a crushed land occurrence in agriculture, an obstacle to agricultural work, and a weed generation / proliferation point. However, there is a problem that the effect disappears until it is rebuilt after tilling.

特開2004−360206号公報(土壌侵食防止工法)JP, 2004-360206, A (soil erosion prevention construction method) 特開2004−350547号公報(土壌侵食防止方法)JP-A-2004-350547 (soil erosion prevention method) 特開2016−204290号公報(凍結融解安定性に優れる土壌侵食防止剤)JP-A-2016-204290 (Soil erosion inhibitor with excellent freeze-thaw stability) 特開平10−60901号公報(土壌侵食防止用シート状物)Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-60901 (Soil erosion prevention sheet)

「沖縄県における農地からの赤土等流出防止に関する自治体の対策と農家の対応」http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/arp1982/21/3/21_3_232/_pdf"Measures of local governments and measures of farmers regarding prevention of red soil runoff from farmland in Okinawa Prefecture" http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/arp1982/21/3/21_3_232/_pdf 2011年3月発行「大雨から農地を守るために」(オホーツク総合振興局東部耕地出張所)http://www.okhotsk.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/file.jsp?id=225105Published in March 2011 "To protect farmland from heavy rain" (Okhotsk General Promotion Bureau, Eastern Farmland Branch) http://www.okhotsk.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/file.jsp?id=225105 2007年9月発行「草生帯およびソバ栽培導入による営農的赤土流出防止対策」https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjsidre2007/75/9/75_9_817/_pdf/-char/jaIssued in September 2007 "Agricultural red soil runoff prevention measures by introducing herbaceous belt and buckwheat cultivation" https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjsidre2007/75/9/75_9_817/_pdf/-char/en 「テラス承水路等の導入による大規模傾斜畑圃場における土壌流出抑制」http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/project/results/laboratory/nilgs/2015/nilgs15_s34.html"Soil runoff control in large-scale sloping field fields by introducing terrace diversion channels" http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/project/results/laboratory/nilgs/2015/nilgs15_s34.html

土壌流亡抑制の課題は、耕耘時や播種後から生育初期、収穫後、冬期の前後の時期に地表面が裸地になり、その時期に土壌流亡が発生することである。この時期に対応できる技術は提案されていない。   The problem of soil runoff control is that the soil surface becomes bare land around the time of tilling, sowing, early growth, harvest, and before and after winter, and soil runoff occurs at that time. No technology has been proposed for this period.

以上の現状に鑑み、本発明の目的は、上記の従来技術の問題点を解消できる農地の土壌流亡抑制のための方法及びそれに用いる施工装置を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing soil loss of agricultural land and a construction device used therefor, which can solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional techniques.

上記の目的を達成すべく、本発明は、以下の構成を提供する。
(1)本発明の一態様は、農地の土壌流亡を抑制するために土層内に堅密土堤を構築する方法であって、
牽引車両を前進させつつ前記牽引車両に装着された耕耘機により堅密な未耕耘土壌を所定の耕耘深度で耕耘し、
前進方向の所定の位置において前記耕耘機を地表面より上方に上昇させ、その状態で前記牽引車両を所定の距離だけ前進させた後、再度、前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度まで下降させて耕耘を再開することにより、不耕起部分の堅密土堤を構築し、
前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤は、前記耕耘機を上昇させた間の前進距離に相当する長さと前記耕耘機の幅とを有しかつ堅密な未耕耘土壌からなることを特徴とする。
(2)本発明の別の態様は、農地の土壌流亡を抑制するために土層内に堅密土堤を構築する方法であって、
牽引車両を前進させつつ前記牽引車両に装着された耕耘機により堅密な未耕耘土壌を所定の耕耘深度で耕耘し、
前進方向の所定の位置において前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度より浅い深度まで上昇させ、その状態で前記牽引車両を所定の距離だけ前進させつつ耕耘した後、再度、前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度まで下降させて耕耘することにより、浅耕部分の堅密土堤を構築し、
前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤は、前記耕耘機を上昇させた間の前進距離に相当する長さと前記耕耘機の幅とを有しかつ堅密な未耕耘土壌である下層と浅耕部分である上層とからなることを特徴とする。
(3)上記いずれかの態様において、前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤を、傾斜地に構築することを特徴とする。
(4)上記いずれかの態様において、前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤を構築する前又は構築した後に、耕耘機を用いて心土破砕又は土層改良を行うことにより、前記耕耘深度よりも深層まで堅密な未耕耘土壌を破砕した透水性の高い心土破砕溝を構築することを特徴とする。
(5)上記いずれかの態様において、前記耕耘機により前記耕耘深度で耕耘して前進する距離によって、前進方向において隣り合う2つの前記緊密土堤の間隔を設定することを特徴とする。
(6)上記いずれかの態様において、前記耕耘機の前進方向に形成される1つの耕耘列と、前進方向に垂直な方向における隣の耕耘列との間の空き幅を零又は所定の値に設定することを特徴とする。
(7)上記いずれかの態様において、前進方向において隣り合う2つの前記緊密土堤の間隔及び/又は前進方向に垂直な方向において隣り合う耕耘列の間の空き幅を増減することにより、地表面に堅密土堤によるドット及び/又はラインからなる文字及び/又は絵を表すことを特徴とする。
(8)上記いずれかの態様の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、前記耕耘機が、耕耘するために幅方向に均等に配置された複数の部品からなる耕耘部分を有し、
前記耕耘部分の複数の部品のうちの一部を取り外すか又は短くすることにより、前記耕耘機の幅の範囲内において、耕耘される部分と、前記不耕起部分の緊密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の緊密部分とを同時に構築可能とすることを特徴とする。
(9)上記いずれかの態様の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、前記耕耘機を昇降させるために伸縮可能な昇降用シリンダーと、地表面と接する接地タイヤ又は接地板とを有することを特徴とする。
(10)上記いずれかの態様の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、測位情報技術を用いた走行により取得した測位情報又は既存の数値標高モデルデータである地形データを取得する手段と、
前記地形データを基に測位及び地理情報解析システムにより、地形と自身の位置及び堅密土堤の適切な配置位置を含む解析結果を得るために解析する手段と、
前記堅密土堤を構築するために、走行位置に合わせて自動で前記耕耘機の上下及び/又は耕耘の深度を調整する手段と、を有することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following configurations.
(1) One aspect of the present invention is a method for constructing a solid embankment in a soil layer in order to suppress soil runoff in agricultural land,
While advancing the towing vehicle, cultivate the dense untilled soil by the tiller attached to the towing vehicle at a predetermined tilling depth,
Raise the cultivator above the ground surface at a predetermined position in the forward direction, advance the towing vehicle by a predetermined distance in that state, and then again lower the cultivator to the cultivating depth to cultivate the cultivator. By restarting, we will build a solid embankment of the no-till part,
The solid soil bank of the no-till portion has a length corresponding to the forward distance while the cultivator is raised and the width of the cultivator, and is composed of a solid uncultivated soil. To do.
(2) Another aspect of the present invention is a method of constructing a solid embankment in a soil layer in order to suppress soil runoff in an agricultural land,
While advancing the towing vehicle, cultivate the dense untilled soil by the tiller attached to the towing vehicle at a predetermined tilling depth,
Raise the cultivator to a depth shallower than the cultivating depth at a predetermined position in the forward direction, cultivate the tractor while advancing the towing vehicle by a predetermined distance in that state, and then lower the cultivator to the cultivating depth again. By cultivating and plowing, you can build a solid embankment in the shallow tillage area,
The solid soil bank of the shallow cultivated portion has a length corresponding to the advance distance while the cultivator is raised and the width of the cultivator, and the lower layer and the shallow cultivated portion which are dense uncultivated soil. And an upper layer that is.
(3) In any one of the above-mentioned aspects, it is characterized in that the solid soil bank of the non-tillage part or the solid soil bank of the shallow tillage part is constructed on an inclined land.
(4) In any of the above aspects, before or after constructing the solid soil bank of the non-tillage portion or the solid soil dam of the shallow tillage portion, crushing of subsoil or soil layer using a tiller It is characterized in that a submerged subsoil crushing groove having a high water permeability is constructed by crushing uncultivated soil that is dense to a depth deeper than the above-mentioned tillage depth by making improvements.
(5) In any one of the above aspects, the distance between the two close embankments adjacent to each other in the advancing direction is set by the distance that the plowing machine advances the plowing at the plowing depth.
(6) In any of the above aspects, the empty width between one tilling row formed in the forward direction of the tiller and an adjacent tilling row in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction is set to zero or a predetermined value. It is characterized by setting.
(7) In any one of the above aspects, by increasing or decreasing the space between the two close-packed embankments adjacent in the advancing direction and / or the space between adjacent tilling rows in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction, the ground surface In addition, it is characterized by representing a character and / or a picture consisting of dots and / or lines formed by a solid embankment.
(8) A construction device for use in the method for constructing a tightly packed embankment according to any one of the above aspects, including the cultivator, wherein the cultivator is a plurality of parts that are evenly arranged in the width direction for cultivating. Has a cultivated part consisting of
By removing or shortening a part of a plurality of parts of the cultivated part, within the width range of the cultivator, the part to be cultivated and the close levee of the non-till part or the shallow tillage. It is characterized in that it is possible to construct a close part and a close part at the same time.
(9) A construction device for use in the method for constructing a close embankment according to any one of the above aspects, including the cultivator, which is in contact with the elevating cylinder for elevating and lowering the cultivator, and the ground surface. It is characterized by having a ground tire or a ground plate.
(10) A construction device including the cultivator, which is used in the method for constructing a close embankment according to any one of the above aspects, wherein the positioning information acquired by traveling using positioning information technology or existing digital elevation model data is used. Means to acquire certain topographic data,
By means of a positioning and geographic information analysis system based on the terrain data, means for analyzing to obtain an analysis result including the terrain and its own position and an appropriate arrangement position of the solid embankment,
In order to construct the solid embankment, means for automatically adjusting the vertical and / or plowing depth of the tiller according to the traveling position is provided.

農地の土壌流亡抑制のために本発明により土層内に構築される堅密土堤は、農作業の耕耘管理を利用した技術であり、農業者が取り組み易いという特徴がある。特に、新たな高価な機材が不要であることから、低コストかつ簡潔に対策を講じることが可能である。従来の心土破砕溝などの透水性改善のための様々な技術に加え、さらに本発明により土壌流亡抑制の効果を上乗せすることができる。またさらに、ICT施工や精密農業などの技術革新により、トラクター等の牽引車の制御が高度化すれば、ドットやライン形状の不耕起部分を形成することが容易に実現できる。それにより、丘陵地でのパッチワーク模様が表現され、土壌の保全と美しい農地景観による地域振興が期待される。   The solid embankment constructed in the soil layer according to the present invention for suppressing soil loss of agricultural land is a technique that utilizes tillage management of agricultural work, and is characterized by being easy for farmers to work on. In particular, since no new expensive equipment is required, it is possible to take measures at low cost and simply. In addition to various techniques for improving water permeability such as conventional subsoil crushing ditches, the present invention can add the effect of suppressing soil loss. Furthermore, if control of a towing vehicle such as a tractor is advanced by technological innovations such as ICT construction and precision agriculture, it is possible to easily form a non-tilled part having a dot or line shape. As a result, the patchwork pattern in the hilly area is expressed, and it is expected that the soil will be preserved and the area will be promoted by the beautiful agricultural landscape.

図1(イ)〜(ニ)は、耕耘機による不耕起部分の堅密土堤の構築方法を説明する側方図である。1 (a) to 1 (d) are side views for explaining a method of constructing a solid embankment of a non-till part by a tiller. 図2(イ)〜(ニ)は、耕耘機による浅耕部分の堅密土堤の構築方法を説明する側方図である。2 (A) to 2 (D) are side views for explaining a method of constructing a solid embankment in a shallow tillage part using a tiller. 図3は、傾斜地に所定の長さで、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤をそれぞれ構築した例を示している。FIG. 3 shows an example in which (a) is a solid soil bank of a non-tillage part and (b) is a solid soil bank of a shallow tillage part with a predetermined length on a sloping land. 図4は、傾斜地に所定の長さで、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤をそれぞれ構築した例を示し、その土層内の透水性の抑制効果を示している。Fig. 4 shows an example in which (a) is a solid embankment in the no-till part and (b) is a solid embankment in the shallow tillage with a certain length on the sloping land. It shows the effect of suppressing the water permeability inside. 図5は、傾斜地に所定の長さで、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤をそれぞれ構築したさらに別の例を示し、その土層内の透水性の抑制効果及び深層への浸透効果を示している。FIG. 5 shows still another example in which (a) is a solid soil bank of a non-tillage part and (b) is a solid soil bank of a shallow tillage part with a predetermined length on a sloping land. It shows the effect of suppressing water permeability in the soil layer and the effect of penetrating deeper layers. 図6は、耕耘機Rにより構築した不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤の一例の平面図である。FIG. 6 is a plan view of an example of the solid soil bank of the non-tillage part or the solid soil bank of the shallow tillage part constructed by the cultivator R. 図7は、湾曲した地形の斜面に、不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤を構築した例を示す。FIG. 7 shows an example in which a solid embankment in the non-tillage portion or a solid embankment in the shallow tillage portion is constructed on the slope of a curved terrain. 図8は、堅密土堤の構築方法の別の例を示す。FIG. 8 shows another example of a method of constructing a solid embankment. 図9は、堅密土堤の構築方法のさらに別の例を示す。FIG. 9 shows still another example of the method for constructing a solid embankment. 図10は、牽引車両に装着される耕耘機の実施例を示す。FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a cultivator mounted on a towing vehicle. 図11は、牽引車両に装着される耕耘機のさらに別の実施例を示す。FIG. 11 shows still another embodiment of the cultivator mounted on the towing vehicle. 図12は、位置情報システムを用いた堅密土堤の構築方法の例を示す。FIG. 12 shows an example of a method for constructing a solid embankment using the position information system. 図13は、位置情報システムを利用して地形や位置に対応した不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤を構築するシステムの構成例を示す。FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of a system that uses a position information system to construct a solid tillage of a non-till part or a shallow tillage of a shallow tillage corresponding to a terrain or position. 図14は、不耕起部分の堅密土堤を構築することにより地表面にドットやラインによる文字や絵を表す例を示す。FIG. 14 shows an example in which characters or pictures are formed by dots or lines on the ground surface by constructing a solid embankment in the non-tillage portion.

以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図1(イ)〜(ニ)は、耕耘機による不耕起部分の堅密土堤の構築方法を説明する側方図である。先ず、(イ)に示すように、牽引車両Tを前進させつつ、牽引車両Tに装着した耕耘機Rによって、堅密な未耕耘土壌10を所定の耕耘深度Dで耕耘して耕耘層11を形成していく。次に、(ロ)に示すように、前進方向の所定の位置において、耕耘機Rを地表面より上方の位置に上昇させることにより、耕耘しない不耕起部分12の形成を開始し、その状態で、所定の距離だけ牽引車両Tを前進させる。これにより、堅密な未耕耘土壌10のままの不耕起部分が、耕耘機Rの幅(前進方向に垂直な方向の長さ)で形成されていく。不耕起部分の表面は、繁茂状態又は枯死状態の植物体14で被覆されている。続いて(ハ)に示すように、再度、耕耘機Rを所定の耕耘深度Dまで下降させて耕耘を再開する。これにより(ニ)に示すように、耕耘機Rを上昇させた間の前進距離に相当する長さBと、耕耘機Rの幅とを有する堅密な未耕耘土壌10からなる不耕起部分の堅密土堤12が構築される。堅密土堤12は、土層内の透水性を抑制する機能を有する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 (a) to 1 (d) are side views for explaining a method of constructing a solid embankment of a non-till part by a tiller. First, as shown in (a), while advancing the towing vehicle T, the tiller R attached to the towing vehicle T cultivates the solid untilled soil 10 at a predetermined tilling depth D to form the tilling layer 11. To form. Next, as shown in (b), at a predetermined position in the forward direction, by raising the cultivator R to a position above the ground surface, the formation of the no-till part 12 that does not cultivate is started, and its state Then, the towing vehicle T is moved forward by a predetermined distance. As a result, the non-tillage portion of the dense uncultivated soil 10 is formed with the width of the tiller R (the length in the direction perpendicular to the forward direction). The surface of the no-tillage portion is covered with the plant body 14 in the overgrown state or the dead state. Then, as shown in (C), the tiller R is again lowered to a predetermined tilling depth D to restart the tilling. As a result, as shown in (d), the non-tillable portion composed of the dense uncultivated soil 10 having the length B corresponding to the forward distance while the cultivator R is raised and the width of the cultivator R. A solid embankment 12 is constructed. The solid soil bank 12 has a function of suppressing water permeability in the soil layer.

ここでの土層内の透水性は、主として地表面に平行な方向への透水性であり、土壌流亡が生じる場合の土壌の移動方向に相当する。   The water permeability in the soil layer here is mainly the water permeability in the direction parallel to the ground surface, and corresponds to the moving direction of the soil when soil runoff occurs.

図2(イ)〜(ニ)は、耕耘機による浅耕部分の堅密土堤の構築方法を説明する側方図である。先ず、(イ)に示すように、牽引車両Tを前進させつつ、牽引車両Tに装着した耕耘機Rによって、堅密な未耕耘土壌10を所定の耕耘深度Dで耕耘して耕耘層11を形成していく。次に、(ロ)に示すように、前進方向の所定の位置において、耕耘機Rを地表面より下方でかつ耕耘深度Dより浅い深度まで上昇させ、浅く耕耘する浅耕部分11’の形成を開始する。(ハ)に示すように、その状態で所定の距離だけ牽引車両Tを前進させつつ耕耘する。これにより、所定の深度までの堅密な未耕耘土壌10とその上の浅耕部分11’とからなる浅耕部分の堅密土堤13が、耕耘機Rの幅(前進方向に垂直な方向の長さ)で形成されていく。所定の距離だけ前進させた後、(ニ)に示すように、再度、耕耘機Rを所定の耕耘深度Dまで下降させ、さらに牽引車両Tを前進させつつ耕耘する。これにより、耕耘機Rの前進距離に相当する長さB’と耕耘機Rの幅を有し、下層が堅密な未耕耘土壌10であり上層が浅耕部分11’である堅密土堤13が構築される。堅密土堤13は、土層内の透水性を抑制する機能を有する。   2 (A) to 2 (D) are side views for explaining a method of constructing a solid embankment in a shallow tillage part using a tiller. First, as shown in (a), while advancing the towing vehicle T, the tiller R mounted on the towing vehicle T cultivates the dense untilled soil 10 at a predetermined tilling depth D to form the tilling layer 11. To form. Next, as shown in (b), at a predetermined position in the forward direction, the cultivator R is raised below the ground surface and to a depth shallower than the cultivating depth D to form a shallow cultivated portion 11 'to be cultivated shallowly. Start. As shown in (c), the tow vehicle T is cultivated while advancing the tow vehicle T by a predetermined distance in that state. As a result, the solid levee 13 at the shallow tillage portion consisting of the solid uncultivated soil 10 up to a predetermined depth and the shallow tillage portion 11 ′ above the width of the tiller R (direction perpendicular to the forward direction). Length). After advancing by a predetermined distance, as shown in (d), the cultivator R is again lowered to the predetermined cultivating depth D, and the towing vehicle T is further advanced and cultivated. As a result, the solid levee has a length B'corresponding to the forward distance of the cultivator R and a width of the cultivator R, and the lower layer is the solid uncultivated soil 10 and the upper layer is the shallow cultivated portion 11 '. 13 is built. The solid soil bank 13 has a function of suppressing water permeability in the soil layer.

図3は、傾斜地に所定の長さB、B’で、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13をそれぞれ構築した例を示している。堅密土堤12の地表面に存在する繁茂状態又は枯死状態の植物体14は、そのまま残存させている。これらの堅密土堤12、13により、土層内の透水性を抑制することができる。   FIG. 3 shows an example in which a fixed length embankment 12 of the no-till part and a solid embankment 13 of the shallow plow part are constructed in (a) with predetermined lengths B and B ′, respectively. Is shown. The plant body 14 in the overgrown state or withered state existing on the ground surface of the solid embankment 12 is left as it is. The solid embankment 12, 13 can suppress the water permeability in the soil layer.

図4は、傾斜地に所定の長さB、B’で、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13をそれぞれ構築した例を示し、その土層内の透水性の抑制効果を示している。降雨時に傾斜地の上方側から流下してくる水Wを不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13の上方に停滞させ、土壌中の水Wを深層に浸透させる機能を高める。これにより、地表の水Wの地中への浸透を促進して、土壌流亡の発生を抑制することができる。   FIG. 4 shows an example in which a solid soil embankment 12 of a non-till part is constructed in a predetermined length B and B ′ on a sloping land, and a solid embankment 13 of a shallow tillage part is constructed in (b). Shows the effect of suppressing the water permeability in the soil layer. The water W flowing down from the upper side of the sloping land at the time of rainfall is stagnated above the solid soil bank 12 in the no-till portion or the solid soil bank 13 in the shallow tillage portion, and the water W in the soil permeates into the deep layer. Enhance function. As a result, the penetration of water W on the ground surface into the ground can be promoted and the occurrence of soil runoff can be suppressed.

図5は、傾斜地に所定の長さB、B’で、(イ)は不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を、(ロ)は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13をそれぞれ構築したさらに別の例を示し、その土層内の透水性の抑制効果及び深層への浸透効果を示している。図5の例では、耕耘深度Dよりもさらに深層に心土破砕溝15が構築されている。心土破砕溝15は、堅密土堤12、13の構築前又は構築後に、耕耘機Rを用いて心土破砕又は土層改良を行うことによって堅密な未耕耘土壌10を破砕した透水性の高い部分である。心土破砕溝15は、地中に向かって延在している。降雨時に堅密土堤の上方側から流下してくる水Wを不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13の上方に停滞させると共に、心土破砕溝15を通して土壌中の水Wを深層に浸透させる機能を高めている。これにより、地表の水Wの地中への浸透を促進して、土壌流亡の発生を抑制することができる。   FIG. 5 shows the construction of a solid embankment 12 of non-tillage part (a) and a solid embankment 13 of shallow plow part (b) with predetermined lengths B and B'on an inclined land. Another example is shown, showing the effect of suppressing water permeability in the soil layer and the effect of permeating deep layers. In the example of FIG. 5, the subsoil crushing groove 15 is constructed in a deeper layer than the tilling depth D. The subsoil crushing groove 15 is a water permeable material obtained by crushing the dense uncultivated soil 10 by crushing the subsoil or the soil layer by using the tiller R before or after the solid embankment 12, 13 is constructed. Is the high part of. Subsoil crushing groove 15 extends toward the ground. The water W flowing down from the upper side of the solid embankment at the time of rainfall is stagnated above the solid soil embankment 12 of the non-till part or the solid embankment 13 of the shallow tillage part, and through the subsoil crushing groove 15. It enhances the function of allowing water W in the soil to penetrate deeply. As a result, the penetration of water W on the ground surface into the ground can be promoted and the occurrence of soil runoff can be suppressed.

図6は、耕耘機Rにより構築した不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13の一例の平面図である。ここでは、前進方向に沿った1つの耕耘列に複数の堅密土堤12、13が構築されている。さらに、前進方向とは垂直な方向に複数の耕耘列が構築されている。牽引車両Tの走行中に耕耘機Rを上下する操作により、所定の位置に所定の長さBの不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は所定の長さB’の浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築できる。例えば1つの耕耘列において、1つの堅密土堤12、13を構築した後、次の堅密土堤12、13の構築を開始するまでに、耕耘機Rを耕耘深度Dで前進させつつ耕耘する距離は、前進方向において隣り合う2つの堅密土堤12、13の間隔となる。   FIG. 6 is a plan view of an example of the solid soil bank 12 of the non-tillage part or the solid soil bank 13 of the shallow tillage part constructed by the cultivator R. Here, a plurality of solid embankments 12 and 13 are constructed in one plowing row along the forward direction. Furthermore, multiple plowing rows are constructed in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction. By operating the cultivator R up and down while the towing vehicle T is running, the non-tillable portion of the predetermined length B is fixed at a predetermined position. The solid embankment 12 or the shallow tillage portion of a predetermined length B'is fixed. The embankment 13 can be constructed. For example, in one tilling row, after constructing one solid soil bank 12, 13 and before starting the construction of the next solid soil bank 12, 13, the tiller R is moved forward at the tilling depth D while tilling. The distance is the distance between two solid embankments 12 and 13 that are adjacent to each other in the forward direction.

また、牽引車両Tの前進方向に沿った1つの耕耘列と、前進方向に垂直な方向における隣の耕耘列との間隔を増減することによって、所定の空き幅Cを設けた堅密土堤を構築できる。空き幅Cは、零又は所定の値とすることができる。   Further, by increasing or decreasing the interval between one plowing row along the forward direction of the towing vehicle T and the adjacent plowing row in the direction perpendicular to the forward direction, a solid embankment with a predetermined empty width C is provided. Can be built. The vacant width C can be zero or a predetermined value.

図7は、湾曲した地形の斜面に、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築した例を示す。このような地形の場合、堅密土堤12、13を斜面の中間地点と下部に構築することが望ましい。また、傾斜方向において隣り合う堅密土堤12、13の間隔は、斜面の傾斜や長さの程度により調整することが望ましい。最適には、急傾斜ほど、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12の長さB又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13の長さB’を小さくすると共に、これらの堅密土堤12、13を、斜面の上部に比較的近い位置から、より密な間隔で構築することが好ましい。   FIG. 7 shows an example in which a solid soil embankment 12 of a non-tillage portion or a solid soil embankment 13 of a shallow tillage portion is constructed on a slope of a curved terrain. In the case of such terrain, it is desirable to construct the solid embankment 12, 13 at the middle point and the lower part of the slope. Further, it is desirable to adjust the interval between the solid embankments 12 and 13 that are adjacent to each other in the inclination direction depending on the slope and the length of the slope. Optimally, the steeper the slope, the smaller the length B of the solid soil bank 12 in the no-till part or the length B ′ of the solid soil bank 13 in the shallow tillage part, and It is preferable to build the 13 closer together, closer to the top of the slope, with closer spacing.

図8は、堅密土堤12、13の構築方法の別の例を示す。この例では、GPS、GLONASSなどのGNSS、トータルステーション等の位置情報システムG又は既知の地形の数値情報を利用する。ここでは、牽引車両Tが位置情報システムGを搭載している。位置情報システムG又は既知の地形の数値情報により圃場の地形データが得られる。得られた地形データに基づいて圃場の起伏を示す等高線Eを把握し、例えば、等高線Eに対して概ね垂直な方向に牽引車両Tを走行させながら堅密土堤12、13を配置する。図示の例では、堅密土堤12、13が、ほぼ等高線Eに沿った配置となるように構築されている。   FIG. 8 shows another example of a method for constructing the solid embankment 12, 13. In this example, GPS, GNSS such as GLONASS, position information system G such as a total station, or numerical information of known terrain is used. Here, the towing vehicle T is equipped with a position information system G. The topographical data of the field can be obtained by the position information system G or the numerical information of the known topography. The contour line E indicating the ups and downs of the field is grasped on the basis of the obtained topographical data, and, for example, the solid dirt embankments 12 and 13 are arranged while the towing vehicle T is traveling in a direction substantially perpendicular to the contour line E. In the illustrated example, the solid embankment 12, 13 is constructed so as to be arranged substantially along the contour line E.

図9は、堅密土堤12、13の構築方法のさらに別の例を示す。この例では、GPS、GLONASSなどのGNSS、トータルステーション等の位置情報システムG又は既知の地形の数値情報を利用する。ここでは、牽引車両Tが位置情報システムGを搭載している。これらにより得られた地形データに基づいて圃場の起伏を示す等高線Eを把握し、例えば、等高線Eに対して概ね平行な方向に牽引車両Tを走行させながら堅密土堤12、13を配置する。その場合、牽引車両Tを直進させずに、等高線Eに沿ったカーブを描くように走行させることもできる。隣り合う耕耘列の間の空き幅Cも適宜変更することができる。   FIG. 9 shows still another example of the method for constructing the solid embankment 12, 13. In this example, GPS, GNSS such as GLONASS, position information system G such as a total station, or numerical information of known terrain is used. Here, the towing vehicle T is equipped with a position information system G. The contour line E indicating the ups and downs of the field is grasped on the basis of the topographical data obtained by these, and, for example, the solid dirt banks 12 and 13 are arranged while the towing vehicle T is traveling in a direction substantially parallel to the contour line E. . In that case, the towing vehicle T can be made to travel in a curve along the contour line E without traveling straight. The vacant width C between the adjacent plowing rows can also be changed as appropriate.

図10は、牽引車両Tに装着される耕耘機Rの実施例を示す。(イ)は、耕耘機Rの通常の状態を示している。この場合、耕耘するための複数のロータリー刃16が幅方向に均等に配置されて取り付けられている。(ロ)は中央部の一部のロータリー刃を取り外した例を示す。この場合、ロータリー刃の無い部分は未耕耘土壌10のままとなり不耕起部分の堅密土堤12が構築される。(ハ)は中央部の一部のロータリー刃を短くした例を示す。この場合、ロータリー刃の短い部分により浅耕部分の堅密土堤13が構築される。   FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the cultivator R mounted on the towing vehicle T. (A) shows the normal state of the cultivator R. In this case, a plurality of rotary blades 16 for plowing are evenly arranged and attached in the width direction. (B) shows an example in which a part of the rotary blade in the central portion is removed. In this case, the portion without the rotary blade remains as the uncultivated soil 10 and the solid soil bank 12 of the non-till portion is constructed. (C) shows an example in which a part of the rotary blade in the central part is shortened. In this case, the short section of the rotary blade constructs the solid soil bank 13 in the shallow tillage section.

図10に例示した構成は、ロータリー刃以外の部品を具備する耕耘部分にも適用可能である。耕耘機Rの耕耘部分をこのように変更することにより、耕耘機Rの幅の範囲内において、その一部に不耕耘部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築できる。この例では、牽引車両Tの前進方向と同じ方向に延在する堅密土堤12、13を中央に構築でき、その両側が耕耘層11となる。図示の例では、1本の堅密土堤12、13を構築できるが、耕耘機Rの複数箇所のロータリー刃を取り外すか又は短くすることにより、複数本の堅密土堤12、13を構築することもできる。   The configuration illustrated in FIG. 10 can also be applied to a cultivated part including components other than the rotary blade. By changing the cultivating portion of the cultivator R in this way, within the range of the width of the cultivator R, a solid levee 12 of the non-cultivating portion or a solid levee 13 of the shallow tilling portion is constructed in that part. it can. In this example, the solid soil bank 12, 13 extending in the same direction as the forward direction of the towing vehicle T can be constructed in the center, and both sides thereof serve as the tilling layer 11. In the illustrated example, one solid earth bank 12, 13 can be constructed, but by removing or shortening rotary blades at a plurality of places of the cultivator R, a plurality of solid earth bank 12, 13 is constructed. You can also do it.

図11は、牽引車両Tに装着される耕耘機Rのさらに別の実施例を示す。(イ)では、耕耘機Rに伸縮自在の昇降用シリンダー17と、その下端に地表面と接する昇降用の接地タイヤ18と設けている。(ロ)では、昇降用シリンダー17と、その下端に地表面と接する接地板19を設けている。(ハ)は、(イ)に示す耕耘機Rを用いて、昇降用シリンダー17の収縮状態で所定の耕耘深度Dの耕耘層11を形成している状況を示す。(ニ)は、(イ)に示す耕耘機Rを用いて、昇降用シリンダー17の伸張状態で不耕起部分の緊密土堤12を構築している状況を示す。(ロ)に示す耕耘機Rを用いる場合も同様である。   FIG. 11 shows still another embodiment of the cultivator R mounted on the towing vehicle T. In (a), the cultivator R is provided with an elevating cylinder 17 that can expand and contract, and an elevating ground tire 18 that contacts the ground surface at its lower end. In (b), an elevating cylinder 17 and a ground plate 19 in contact with the ground surface are provided at the lower end thereof. (C) shows a situation in which the cultivator R shown in (A) is used to form the cultivating layer 11 having a predetermined cultivating depth D in the contracted state of the lifting cylinder 17. (D) shows a situation in which the tiller R shown in (a) is used to construct the close-filled embankment 12 of the non-tillage portion with the elevating cylinder 17 in the extended state. The same applies when the cultivator R shown in (b) is used.

図12は、位置情報システムGを用いた堅密土堤12、13の構築方法の例を示す。位置情報システムGは、牽引車両Tの搭載しているGPSやGLONASSなどのGNSSやトータルステーション又は既知の地形の数値情報などである。これらに基づいて圃場の地形を把握して、牽引車両Tに設けられた耕耘制御用トラクター操作システムにより自動で又は、位置情報システムを参考に手動で不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築する開始位置と終了位置を操作できる。(イ)は開始位置を示す。(ロ)は堅密土堤12の構築中を示す。   FIG. 12 shows an example of a method of constructing the solid embankment 12, 13 using the position information system G. The position information system G is a GNSS such as GPS or GLONASS mounted on the towing vehicle T, a total station, or numerical information of known terrain. Based on these, the topography of the field is grasped, and automatically by the tractor operation system for tillage control provided in the towing vehicle T, or manually with reference to the position information system. It is possible to operate the start position and the end position for constructing the solid soil bank 13 of the tilled part. (A) shows the start position. (B) shows that the solid embankment 12 is being constructed.

図13は、位置情報システムを利用して地形や位置に対応した不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築するシステムの構成例を示す。不耕起部分の堅密土堤12又は浅耕部分の堅密土堤13を構築する場合、牽引車両の走行中の耕耘機の上下の操作により所定の長さB、B’と幅で、又は、牽引車両の走行列の間隔を増減することにより所定の空き幅Cで構築できる。別の例として、耕耘機のロータリー刃16を変えることでも構築できる。   FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of a system that uses the position information system to construct a solid soil bank 12 of a non-till part or a solid soil bank 13 of a shallow tillage part corresponding to the topography and position. When constructing the solid soil bank 12 of the non-tillage part or the solid soil bank 13 of the shallow tillage part, the predetermined length B, B ′ and width are obtained by operating the tiller up and down while the towing vehicle is running. Alternatively, it can be constructed with a predetermined vacant width C by increasing or decreasing the distance between the traveling rows of the towing vehicle. As another example, it can be constructed by changing the rotary blade 16 of the tiller.

地形に合わせて最適な位置に堅密土堤12、13を構築すること、又は、事前に設定したドットやラインによる文字や絵を耕耘部分と不耕起部分により地表面に構築することは、例えば以下のように行うことができる。測位情報技術を用いてトラクター走行により取得した測位情報又は既存の数値標高モデルデータである地形データを自動収集するか手動入力する。地形データを測位及び地理情報解析システムにより解析する。解析結果は、地形と自身の位置及び堅密土堤の適切な配置位置を含み、それらは表示システムに逐次表示することができる。その後、トラクターの走行位置に合わせて耕耘制御用トラクター操作システムを介して自動で三点リンク、ヒッチ、昇降用シリンダーを操作することにより、耕耘機の上下や耕耘深度を調整することによって堅密土堤12、13を構築する。別の例として、表示システムへの表示を目視確認するオペレーターの操作又は指示を介して三点リンク、ヒッチ、昇降用シリンダーを手動操作することにより、耕耘機の上下や耕耘深度を調整することにより、堅密土堤12、13を構築する。この結果、最適な位置に堅密土堤12、13を構築できる、   To construct the solid embankments 12 and 13 at the optimum position according to the terrain, or to construct letters and pictures with preset dots and lines on the ground surface by the cultivated part and the no-till part, For example, it can be performed as follows. Positioning information acquired by tractor running using positioning information technology or topographical data that is existing digital elevation model data is automatically collected or manually input. Topographic data is analyzed by positioning and geographical information analysis system. The analysis results include the terrain and its location and the appropriate location of the solid bank, which can be displayed sequentially on the display system. After that, according to the traveling position of the tractor, the three-point link, the hitch, and the lifting cylinder are automatically operated via the tractor control tractor operation system to adjust the vertical direction of the cultivator and the cultivating depth. Build embankments 12 and 13. As another example, by manually operating the three-point link, the hitch, and the lifting cylinder via the operator's operation or instruction to visually confirm the display on the display system, by adjusting the vertical and tilling depth of the tiller. , Build the solid embankments 12, 13. As a result, it is possible to construct the solid embankment 12, 13 at the optimum position,

図14は、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築することにより地表面にドットやラインによる文字や絵を表す例を示す。不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を、耕耘機の上下の操作を調整することによって所定の長さBと幅で構築することにより、自由に地表面にドットやラインを配置し、文字や絵を表すことが可能である。浅耕部分の緊密土堤13の場合も、浅耕部分の深度によっては耕耘層と視覚的に区別することが可能であり、文字や絵を表すことが可能となる。   FIG. 14 shows an example in which characters and pictures are formed by dots and lines on the ground surface by constructing the solid soil bank 12 of the no-till part. By constructing the solid soil bank 12 of the non-till part with a predetermined length B and width by adjusting the up and down operation of the tiller, dots and lines can be freely arranged on the ground surface, and letters and It is possible to represent a picture. Also in the case of the close-filled embankment 13 in the shallow tillage portion, it is possible to visually distinguish it from the tillage layer depending on the depth of the shallow tillage portion, and it is possible to represent characters and pictures.

以上述べた通り、本発明では、牽引車両に装着したロータリー、ハロー、チゼル、カルチ、プラウなどの耕耘機を用いて堅密な未耕耘土壌を所定の耕耘深度で耕耘しながら前進しつつ農地を面的に耕耘する。農地の所定の位置において耕耘機を地表面より上方に、又は、より浅い深度まで上昇させることにより、耕耘しない不耕起部分又は浅耕部分の形成を開始し、その状態で所定の長さに亘って牽引車両を走行させ、その後、耕耘機を再度、所定の耕耘深度まで降下させて耕耘を再開する。これにより、全体的に堅密な未耕耘土壌からなる不耕起部分の緊密土堤、又は、部分的に緊密な未耕耘土壌を有する浅耕部分の堅密土堤が、所定の長さと耕耘機の幅とをもって構築される。   As described above, in the present invention, a rotary halo mounted on a towing vehicle, a harrow, a chisel, a cultivator, a plow, and the like are used to cultivate a farmland while advancing while cultivating a dense uncultivated soil at a predetermined cultivating depth. Plowing on the surface. By starting the cultivator above the ground surface at a predetermined position on the farmland, or by raising it to a shallower depth, the formation of a no-till part or shallow cultivated part that will not be cultivated is started, and in that state a predetermined length is obtained. The towing vehicle is driven over, and then the tiller is lowered again to a predetermined tilling depth to restart tilling. As a result, the close-fitting embankment of the non-tillage part consisting of the whole solid uncultivated soil or the solid embankment of the shallow-cultivation part having the partially dense uncultivated soil has a predetermined length and tillage. Built with the width of the machine.

構築された堅密土堤は、耕耘した土層内を傾斜に沿って流下してきた地表水を停止又は滞留させることにより、流水の流速を減衰させて地下浸透を促進させ、地表水の量を減少させる。地表水が減少する結果、土壌流亡を抑制することができる。このような緊密土堤は、極めて簡単に実施でき、かつ顕著な土壌流亡抑制効果を発揮することができる。   The constructed solid embankment stops or retains the surface water that has flowed along the slope in the cultivated soil layer, thereby reducing the flow velocity of the flowing water and accelerating infiltration into the ground, and reducing the amount of surface water. Reduce. As a result of the decrease in surface water, soil runoff can be suppressed. Such a close embankment can be implemented very easily and can exert a remarkable soil runoff control effect.

具体的には、特に土壌流亡が発生しやすい、農地表面が裸地又は裸地に近い条件となる時期又はその前に、汎用的な農業用トラクターなどの牽引車両に装着したロータリーなどの耕耘機を用いて堅密土堤を構築する。その時期は、例えば、収穫後、緑肥すき込み後、播種後から生育初期、収穫後から冬期、雪解け時から農作業時期までの時期である。   Specifically, a cultivator such as a rotary attached to a towing vehicle such as a general-purpose agricultural tractor at or before the time when the surface of the farmland is bare or close to bare, particularly when soil loss is likely to occur. To build a solid embankment. The period is, for example, after harvesting, after green manure piling, after sowing to early growth, after harvesting to winter, from thaw to agricultural work.

堅密土堤の構築において必要な場合は、地形データの収集と地理情報システムと地理解析システム等を活用する。それに替えて、それらを用いずに、牽引車両の走行と耕耘機の作業の簡単な操作により堅密土堤を構築することもできる。堅密土堤を配置する、農地のごく一部の所定の位置は、例えば、播種作業や農薬散布、機械除草などの農作業に支障とならない位置とすることが好ましい。   If necessary for the construction of a solid embankment, use topographic data collection and geographical information systems and geographical analysis systems. Alternatively, it is possible to construct a solid embankment without using them by simply operating the towing vehicle and the operation of the tiller. It is preferable that the predetermined position of a small part of the farmland where the solid embankment is arranged is a position that does not hinder farming operations such as sowing work, pesticide spraying, and mechanical weeding.

本発明により、従来対応できなかった裸地又は裸地に近い農地条件に対して、農作業の支障とならず、簡易にかつ高い自由度で実行できる土壌流亡抑制対策を実現できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to realize a soil runoff suppressing measure that can be easily and highly freely executed without hindering agricultural work against bare land or farmland conditions close to bare land, which cannot be conventionally coped with.

以下に、本発明の実施例及び比較例を示す。なお、説明の便宜のため、図面に用いた符号を用いる場合がある。   Examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be shown below. For convenience of description, the reference numerals used in the drawings may be used.

[実施例]
表1は、本発明の不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を、ロータリー耕耘機を用いて構築した場合における土壌流亡抑制効果を示している。第1の処理区では、先ず、心土破砕溝15を等高線方向に配置し、その後、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を配置した(図5参照)。第2の処理区では、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築せず心土破砕溝15のみを配置した。これらを対比することにより土壌流亡抑制効果を判断した。
[Example]
Table 1 shows the soil runoff suppressing effect when the solid soil bank 12 of the non-tillage part of the present invention is constructed by using a rotary tiller. In the first treatment area, first, the subsoil crushing groove 15 was arranged in the contour line direction, and then the solid soil bank 12 of the no-till portion was arranged (see FIG. 5). In the second treatment area, the solid soil bank 12 of the non-till part was not constructed and only the subsoil crushing groove 15 was arranged. The soil runoff control effect was judged by comparing these.

・試験場所:北海道美瑛町留辺蘂の傾斜8.5度の畑圃場
・土壌条件:灰色台地土
・圃場条件:2016年8月 心土破砕実施、エン麦播種
2016年10月 緑肥すき込みのためにロータリー耕耘機により耕耘し、第1の処理区では、地形に対応して不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築した。斜面190mの中間位置に、長さBが1m、幅が20mの不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築した。第2の処理区では、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築せず、心土破砕溝15のみを配置した。
・土壌流亡量測定期間:2016年10月〜2017年5月の融雪終了後まで
・ Test site: Field field with a slope of 8.5 degrees on Rubeshibe, Biei-cho, Hokkaido ・ Soil conditions: Gray upland soil ・ Field conditions: August 2016 Subsoil crushing, oats seeding
In October 2016, it was cultivated by a rotary tiller for the incorporation of green manure, and in the first treatment area, a solid soil bank 12 of a non-till part was constructed corresponding to the topography. At the middle position of the slope 190m, a solid soil bank 12 having a length B of 1 m and a width of 20 m was constructed in a non-till part. In the second treatment area, the solid soil bank 12 in the non-till part was not constructed, and only the subsoil crushing groove 15 was arranged.
・ Soil runoff measurement period: Until the end of snow melting from October 2016 to May 2017

Figure 2020059988
Figure 2020059988

土壌流亡率の削減率は、後述する比較例の場合の土壌流亡量の削減率を0%として算出した。心土破砕溝15のみの第2の処理区では、土壌流亡量の削減率が17%であったのに対し、第1の処理区では、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を一ヵ所に構築しただけで52%の土壌流亡量の削減率が得られた。この結果から、不耕起部分の堅密土堤12の土壌流亡抑制効果が高いことが判る。   The reduction rate of the soil runoff rate was calculated by setting the reduction rate of the soil runoff rate in the case of the comparative example described later to 0%. The reduction rate of soil runoff was 17% in the second treatment area with only subsoil fracturing ditches 15, whereas in the first treatment area, there was one solid soil bank 12 in the no-till part. The construction rate of 52% resulted in 52% reduction of soil runoff. From this result, it can be understood that the soil runoff suppressing effect of the solid embankment 12 in the no-till part is high.

[比較例]
表2は、比較例であり、本発明の不耕起部分の堅密土堤12を構築せず、かつ、心土破砕溝15も構築しない対照区の試験圃場の土壌流亡量の結果を示す。
・試験場所:北海道美瑛町瑠辺蘂の傾斜8.5度の畑圃場
・土壌条件:灰色台地土
・圃場条件:2016年8月 エン麦播種
2016年10月 ロータリー耕耘機により緑肥すき込みのため耕耘
・土壌流亡量測定期間:2016年10月〜2017年5月の融雪終了後まで
[Comparative example]
Table 2 is a comparative example, and shows the results of soil runoff in a test field of a control section in which the solid soil bank 12 of the no-till part of the present invention is not constructed and the subsoil crushing groove 15 is not constructed either. .
・ Test place: Field field with a slope of 8.5 degrees in Rubikan, Biei-cho, Hokkaido ・ Soil condition: Gray upland soil ・ Field condition: August 2016 Seeding of oats
October 2016 Tillage for cultivating green manure by rotary tiller-Soil runoff measurement period: Until the end of snowmelt from October 2016 to May 2017

Figure 2020059988
Figure 2020059988

B 不耕起部分の堅密土堤の長さ
B’ 浅耕部分の堅密土堤の長さ
C 空き幅
D 耕耘深度
E 等高線
G 位置情報システム
R 耕耘機
T 牽引車両
W 水
10 未耕耘土壌
11 耕耘層
11’ 浅耕部分
12 不耕起部分の堅密土堤
13 浅耕部分の堅密土堤
14 植物体
15 心土破砕溝
16 ロータリー刃
17 昇降用シリンダー
18 昇降用接地タイヤ
19 昇降用接地板
B Length of solid soil bank in non-tillage area B'Length of solid soil bank in shallow tillage area C Open space D Tillage depth E Contour line G Position information system R Tiller T Traction vehicle W Water 10 Untilled soil 11 Tillage layer 11 'Shallow tillage part 12 Dense tillage part of non-till part 13 Dense tillage part of shallow tillage part 14 Plant body 15 Subsoil crush groove 16 Rotary blade 17 Cylinder 18 for lifting and lowering Ground tire 19 for lifting and lowering Ground plate

Claims (10)

農地の土壌流亡を抑制するために土層内に堅密土堤を構築する方法であって、
牽引車両を前進させつつ前記牽引車両に装着された耕耘機により堅密な未耕耘土壌を所定の耕耘深度で耕耘し、
前進方向の所定の位置において前記耕耘機を地表面より上方に上昇させ、その状態で前記牽引車両を所定の距離だけ前進させた後、再度、前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度まで下降させて耕耘を再開することにより、不耕起部分の堅密土堤を構築し、
前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤は、前記耕耘機を上昇させた間の前進距離に相当する長さと前記耕耘機の幅とを有しかつ堅密な未耕耘土壌からなることを特徴とする堅密土堤の構築方法。
A method of constructing a solid embankment in a soil layer in order to control soil runoff in farmland,
While advancing the towing vehicle, cultivate the dense untilled soil by the tiller attached to the towing vehicle at a predetermined tilling depth,
Raise the cultivator above the ground surface at a predetermined position in the forward direction, advance the towing vehicle by a predetermined distance in that state, and then again lower the cultivator to the cultivating depth to cultivate the cultivator. By restarting, we will build a solid embankment of the no-till part,
The solid soil bank of the no-till portion has a length corresponding to the forward distance while the cultivator is raised and the width of the cultivator, and is composed of a solid uncultivated soil. How to build a solid embankment.
農地の土壌流亡を抑制するために土層内に堅密土堤を構築する方法であって、
牽引車両を前進させつつ前記牽引車両に装着された耕耘機により堅密な未耕耘土壌を所定の耕耘深度で耕耘し、
前進方向の所定の位置において前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度より浅い深度まで上昇させ、その状態で前記牽引車両を所定の距離だけ前進させつつ耕耘した後、再度、前記耕耘機を前記耕耘深度まで下降させて耕耘することにより、浅耕部分の堅密土堤を構築し、
前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤は、前記耕耘機を上昇させた間の前進距離に相当する長さと前記耕耘機の幅とを有しかつ堅密な未耕耘土壌である下層と浅耕部分である上層とからなることを特徴とする堅密土堤の構築方法。
A method of constructing a solid embankment in a soil layer in order to control soil runoff in farmland,
While advancing the towing vehicle, cultivate the dense untilled soil by the tiller attached to the towing vehicle at a predetermined tilling depth,
Raise the cultivator to a depth shallower than the cultivating depth at a predetermined position in the forward direction, cultivate the tractor while advancing the towing vehicle by a predetermined distance in that state, and then lower the cultivator to the cultivating depth again. By cultivating and plowing, you can build a solid embankment in the shallow tillage area,
The solid soil bank of the shallow cultivated portion has a length corresponding to the advance distance while the cultivator is raised and the width of the cultivator, and the lower layer and the shallow cultivated portion which are dense uncultivated soil. The method for constructing a solid embankment is characterized by consisting of the upper layer which is
前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤を、傾斜地に構築することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の堅密土堤の構築方法。   The method for constructing a solid embankment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid embankment in the non-tillage portion or the solid embankment in the shallow tillage portion is constructed on an inclined land. 前記不耕起部分の堅密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の堅密土堤の構築前又は構築後に、耕耘機を用いて心土破砕又は土層改良を行うことにより、前記耕耘深度よりも深層まで堅密な未耕耘土壌を破砕した透水性の高い心土破砕溝を構築することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の堅密土堤の構築方法。   Before or after construction of the solid soil bank of the non-till part or the solid soil bank of the shallow tillage part, by performing subsoil crushing or soil layer improvement using a tiller, a deeper layer than the tilling depth The method for constructing a solid embankment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a submerged subsoil crushing groove having a high water permeability is constructed by crushing an uncultivated soil that is extremely dense. 前記耕耘機により前記耕耘深度で耕耘して前進する距離によって、前進方向において隣り合う2つの前記緊密土堤の間隔を設定することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法。   The dense soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance between the two adjacent compact embankments in the advancing direction is set by the distance that the plowing machine moves the plowing depth at the plowing depth. How to build a bank. 前記耕耘機の前進方向に形成される1つの耕耘列と、前進方向に垂直な方向における隣の耕耘列との間の空き幅を零又は所定の値に設定することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法。   The empty width between one tilling row formed in the forward direction of the tiller and an adjacent tilling row in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction is set to zero or a predetermined value. 5. The method for constructing a close embankment according to any one of 5 to 5. 前進方向において隣り合う2つの前記緊密土堤の間隔及び/又は前進方向に垂直な方向において隣り合う耕耘列の間の空き幅を増減することにより、地表面に堅密土堤によるドット及び/又はラインからなる文字及び/又は絵を表現することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法。   By increasing or decreasing the space between the two adjacent close embankments in the advancing direction and / or the space between the adjacent tilling rows in the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction, dots and / or solid dots on the ground surface The method for constructing a close embankment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a character and / or a picture consisting of a line is expressed. 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、
前記耕耘機が、耕耘するために幅方向に均等に配置された複数の部品からなる耕耘部分を有し、
前記耕耘部分の複数の部品のうちの一部を取り外すか又は短くすることにより、前記耕耘機の幅の範囲内において、耕耘される部分と、前記不耕起部分の緊密土堤又は前記浅耕部分の緊密部分とを同時に構築可能とすることを特徴とする施工装置。
It is a construction device used for the construction method of the close embankment in any one of Claims 1-7, Comprising: The said tiller.
The cultivator has a cultivating portion composed of a plurality of parts evenly arranged in the width direction for cultivating,
By removing or shortening a part of a plurality of parts of the cultivated part, within the width range of the cultivator, the part to be cultivated and the close levee of the non-till part or the shallow tillage. A construction device that is capable of constructing a close part and a close part at the same time.
請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、
前記耕耘機を昇降させるために伸縮可能な昇降用シリンダーと、地表面と接する接地タイヤ又は接地板とを有することを特徴とする施工装置。
It is a construction device used for the construction method of the close embankment in any one of Claims 1-7, Comprising: The said tiller.
A construction device comprising: an elevating cylinder capable of expanding and contracting to elevate and lower the cultivator, and a ground tire or a ground plate in contact with the ground surface.
請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の緊密土堤の構築方法に用いられる、前記耕耘機を含む施工装置であって、
測位情報技術を用いた走行により取得した測位情報又は既存の数値標高モデルデータである地形データを取得する手段と、
前記地形データを基に測位及び地理情報解析システムにより、地形と自身の位置及び堅密土堤の適切な配置位置を含む解析結果を得るために解析する手段と、
前記堅密土堤を構築するために、走行位置に合わせて自動で前記耕耘機の上下及び/又は耕耘の深度を調整する手段と、を有することを特徴とする施工装置。
It is a construction device used for the construction method of the close embankment in any one of Claims 1-7, Comprising: The said tiller.
A means for acquiring the positioning information acquired by traveling using the positioning information technology or the terrain data that is the existing digital elevation model data,
By means of a positioning and geographic information analysis system based on the terrain data, means for analyzing to obtain an analysis result including the terrain and its own position and an appropriate arrangement position of the solid embankment,
In order to construct the solid embankment, means for automatically adjusting the vertical and / or plowing depth of the tiller according to the traveling position, and a construction apparatus.
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JPS6143803U (en) * 1984-08-27 1986-03-22 井関農機株式会社 Side drive rotary tiller
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JPS6143803U (en) * 1984-08-27 1986-03-22 井関農機株式会社 Side drive rotary tiller
JP2007068528A (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-03-22 Sugano Farm Mach Mfg Co Ltd Tilling work machine
JP2008017735A (en) * 2006-07-11 2008-01-31 Sugano Farm Mach Mfg Co Ltd Display device which display travel position along farm work working line made on contour line, and farm work method
JP2018045710A (en) * 2014-02-06 2018-03-22 ヤンマー株式会社 Accompanying travel work system
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