JP2020038216A - 免疫応答を調節するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
免疫応答を調節するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年11月26日付で出願された米国特許仮出願第61/909,229の35 U.S.C. §119(e)の下での恩典を主張するものであり、その内容は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所により授与された、助成金交付番号DK53056の下での政府支援によりなされた。政府は、本発明に対して一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、分子免疫学および細胞生物学に関する。具体的には、IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用を調節することによりIL-12の産生を増加させるための組成物、ならびに対象においてがんおよび感染性疾患を処置するために該組成物を使用する方法が、本明細書において記述される。IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用を調節することによりIL-12の産生を減少させるための組成物、ならびに対象において自己免疫疾患を処置するために該組成物を使用する方法も、本明細書において記述される。さまざまなサイトカインのレベルをモニタリングすることにより、対象における処置の効力を評価するための方法も、本明細書において提供される。
本明細書において引用される全ての刊行物は、各個々の刊行物または特許出願が具体的かつ個別的に参照により組み入れられることが示されたのと同じ程度に、参照によりその全体が組み入れられる。以下の記述は、本発明を理解するのに有用でありうる情報を含む。本明細書において提供される情報のいずれもが先行技術であり、または主張される本発明に関連しているということ、あるいは具体的または黙示的に言及されるいずれの刊行物も先行技術であるということを認めるものではない。
本明細書において引用される全ての参考文献は、全文記載されたものとして参照によりその全体が組み入れられる。他に定義されない限り、本明細書において用いられる技術的および科学的用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の当業者によって一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。Singleton et al., Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 3rd ed., J. Wiley & Sons (New York, NY 2001); March, Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure 5th ed., J. Wiley & Sons (New York, NY 2001); およびSambrook and Russel, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (Cold Spring Harbor, NY 2001)は、本出願において用いられる用語の多くに対する一般的な指針を当業者に提供する。
いくつかの局面において、本明細書において記述される組成物および方法は、(例えば、IgGに結合された抗原に応じて、またはIgGとFcRnとの間の結合を増加させるIgGにおける変異によって) IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用を増加させる/増大させることによりIL-12の産生を上方制御する/増加させる/増大させる。IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用は、樹状細胞によるIL-12の産生を引き起こすシグナルを生じさせる。本明細書において提供される組成物は、IL-12産生を増加させるようにIgGまたはその変種またはその断片を含む。本明細書において記述されるように、組成物は、IL-12産生を増加させるように、腫瘍抗原、細菌抗原、ウイルス抗原、寄生虫抗原またはそれらの組み合わせを含むが、これらに限定されない、抗原をさらに含むことができる。本明細書において用いられる場合、「IgG」は、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3および/またはIgG4を含むIgGのいずれかのアイソタイプを指すことができる。
いくつかの局面において、IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用を改変または阻害することによりIL-12の産生を減少させる/下方制御するための組成物が、本明細書において記述される。組成物は、FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を阻害する(低減または遮断する)剤を含む。そのような剤は、抗体(「抗体」は、抗体の抗原結合部分、例えばエピトープ結合ペプチドもしくは抗原結合ペプチド、パラトープ、機能的CDR; 組み換え抗体; キメラ抗体; トリボディ(tribody); ミディボディ(midibody); またはそれらの抗原結合誘導体、類似体、変種、部分、もしくは断片を含む)、タンパク質結合剤、小分子、組み換えタンパク質、ペプチド、アプタマー、アビマー(avimer)およびそれらのタンパク質結合誘導体、部分または断片を含むが、これらに限定されることはない。いくつかの態様において、組成物は、例えば、FcRnとWAVE2との間、またはFcRnとカルモジュリンとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達のような、FcRnを介した下流のシグナル伝達を阻害する剤を含む。
FcRnとIgGまたはその断片またはその変種との間の相互作用を調節する(増加させるまたは減少させる)ための剤の非経口剤形はまた、皮下、静脈内(ボーラス注射を含む)、筋肉内、および動脈内を含むが、これらに限定されない、さまざまな経路によって対象に投与することができる。非経口剤形の投与では、典型的には、汚染物質に対する患者の自然防御が回避されるので、非経口剤形は好ましくは、無菌であり、または患者への投与の前に滅菌可能である。非経口剤形の例としては、すぐに注射することができる溶液、注射用の薬学的に許容される媒体にすぐに溶解または懸濁することができる乾燥品、すぐに注射できる懸濁液、放出制御性の非経口剤形、および乳濁液が挙げられるが、これらに限定されることはない。
FcRnとIgGまたはその断片またはその変種との間の相互作用を調節する(増加させるまたは減少させる)ための剤は、加圧エアロゾル容器中に、適当な高圧ガス、例えば、プロパン、ブタン、またはイソブタンなどの炭化水素の高圧ガスと通常の補助剤とともに充填することができる。FcRnとIgGまたはその断片またはその変種との間の相互作用を調節するための剤は、噴霧器または霧吹きのような加圧されない形態で投与することもできる。FcRnとIgGまたはその断片またはその変種との間の相互作用を調節するための剤は、乾燥粉末の形態で、例えば、吸入具の使用により、気道に直接投与することもできる。
本明細書において記述される方法のいくつかの態様において、FcRnとIgGまたはその断片またはその変種との間の相互作用を調節する(増加させるまたは減少させる)ための剤は、放出制御手段または徐放手段により対象へ投与することができる。理想的には、医学的処置における最適にデザインされた放出制御性調製物の使用は、最小限の薬物物質が、最短の時間で、状態の治癒または制御のために利用されることを特徴とする。放出制御性製剤の利点には、以下のものが含まれる: 1) 薬物の活性の拡張; 2) 投薬頻度の低減; 3) 患者コンプライアンスの増加; 4) より少ない全薬物の使用; 5) 局所または全身の副作用の低減; 6) 薬物蓄積の最小化; 7) 血中レベル変動の低減; 8) 処置の効力の改善; 9) 薬物活性の増強または損失の低減; および10) 疾患または状態の制御速度の改善(Kim, Cherng-ju, Controlled Release Dosage Form Design, 2 (Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, Pa.: 2000))。放出制御性製剤は、化合物の作用の開始、作用の継続時間、治療ウィンドウ内の血漿レベル、およびピーク血中レベルを制御するために用いることができる。特に、放出制御性または長期放出性の剤形または製剤は、薬物の過小投薬(すなわち、最小治療レベル未満)からも、薬物の毒性レベルを超えることからも起こる可能性のある有害効果および安全性懸念を最小化しつつ、式(I)の化合物の最大の有効性が達成されることを確実にするために用いることができる。
その必要がある対象における処置の効力を判定するための方法が、本明細書において提供される。本方法は、対象からの試料を提供する段階、IL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetまたはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つまたは複数のレベルについて試料をアッセイする段階および処置が有効であるかどうか判定する段階を含む。
A. IL-12産生を増加させるための組成物であって、免疫グロブリンG (IgG)またはその変種またはその断片を含む該組成物。
B. IgGとFcRnとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を増加させる、項目Aの組成物。
C. 抗原に対する免疫応答を増加させる、項目Aの組成物。
D. 変種IgGが428位でのメチオニンのロイシンへの置換および434位でのアスパラギンのセリンへの置換を含む、項目Aの組成物。
E. FcRnを架橋結合できる単量体構造または多量体構造を作出するようにIgGまたはその変種またはその断片に結合された抗原をさらに含む、項目Aの組成物。
F. FcRnを架橋結合できる多量体構造を作出するようにIgGまたはその変種またはその断片と複合体化された抗原をさらに含む、項目Aの組成物。
G. 抗原が、腫瘍抗原、内因性抗原、細胞関連抗原、アポトーシス小体、微生物抗原、ウイルス抗原、寄生虫抗原またはそれらの組み合わせである、項目EまたはFの組成物。
H. 抗原が、タンパク質もしくはそのタンパク質模倣体、ペプチドもしくはそのペプチド模倣体、脂質またはそれらの組み合わせである、項目Gの組成物。
I. IgGまたはその変種またはその断片が、哺乳動物のものである、項目Aの組成物。
J. IgGまたはその変種またはその断片が、ヒトのものである、項目Aの組成物。
K. IL-12産生を減少させるための組成物であって、FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を阻害する剤を含む該組成物。
L. 剤が、ペプチド、タンパク質、小分子、核酸、アプタマー、オリゴヌクレオチド、抗体またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つまたは複数である、項目Kの組成物。
M. 核酸が、FcRnに特異的なsiRNAである、項目Lの組成物。
N. 抗体が、モノクローナル抗体またはその断片、ポリクローナル抗体またはその断片、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体および一本鎖抗体からなる群より選択される、項目Lの組成物。
O. 剤が、IgGおよびFcRnに対する結合部位を含む二重特異性剤である、項目Kの組成物。
P. 剤が、IgGの組み換えFc部分またはその生物学的に活性な部分またはそのタンパク質模倣体である、項目Kの組成物。
Q. IgGのFc部分またはその生物学的に活性な部分が哺乳動物のものである、項目Pの組成物。
R. IgGのFc部分またはその生物学的に活性な部分がヒトのものである、項目Pの組成物。
S. FcRnおよび/またはIgGを結合させかつIgGへのFcRnの結合を調節する剤と細胞を接触させる段階を含む、FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用を調節するための方法。
T. 剤が、FcRnおよびIgGの相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を増加させる、項目Sの方法。
U. 剤が、FcRnおよびIgGの相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を減少させる、項目Sの方法。
V. 剤が、IgGおよびFcRnに特異的な結合部位を含む、項目Sの方法。
W. 剤が、IgGまたはFcRnに特異的な結合部位を含む、項目Sの方法。
X. 剤が、IgGのFc部分に特異的な結合部位を含む、項目Sの方法。
Y. 剤が、IgGおよびFcRnに特異的な結合部位を含む二重特異性ポリペプチド剤を含む、項目Sの方法。
Z. 二重特異性ポリペプチド剤が、FcRnを特異的に結合させる抗体またはその抗原結合部分およびIgGを特異的に結合させる抗体またはその抗原結合部分を含む、項目Yの方法。
AA. (a) 免疫グロブリンG (IgG)またはその変種またはその断片を含む組成物を提供する段階; および
(b) 対象におけるがんを処置するように、がんを阻害するように、がんの転移を予防するように、またはがんの再発を予防するように、対象に該組成物の有効量を投与する段階
を含む、その必要がある対象において、がんを処置するため、がんを阻害するため、がんの転移を予防するため、またはがんの再発を予防するための方法。
BB. (a) 免疫グロブリンG (IgG)またはその変種またはその断片を含む組成物を提供する段階; および
(b) 対象における感染性疾患を処置するように、感染性疾患を阻害するように、または感染性疾患の重症度を低下させるように、対象に該組成物の有効量を投与する段階
を含む、その必要がある対象において、感染性疾患を処置するため、感染性疾患を阻害するため、または感染性疾患の重症度を低下させるための方法。
CC. 組成物が、IgGおよびFcRnの相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を増加させる、項目AAまたはBBの方法。
DD. 組成物が、抗原に対する免疫応答を増加させる、項目AAまたはBBの方法。
EE. 変種IgGが428位でのメチオニンのロイシンへの置換および434位でのアスパラギンのセリンへの置換を含む、項目AAまたはBBの方法。
FF. 組成物は抗原をさらに含み、
該抗原はIgGもしくはその変種もしくはその断片に結合されるか、または
該抗原はIgGもしくはその変種もしくはその断片と複合体化される、
項目AAまたはBBの方法。
GG. 抗原が、腫瘍抗原、微生物抗原、ウイルス抗原、寄生虫抗原またはそれらの組み合わせである、項目FFの方法。
HH. 抗原が、タンパク質もしくはそのタンパク質模倣体、ペプチドもしくはそのペプチド模倣体、脂質またはそれらの組み合わせである、項目FFの方法。
II. (a) FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を阻害する剤を含む組成物を提供する段階; および
(b) 対象における自己免疫疾患を処置するように、自己免疫疾患を阻害するように、または自己免疫疾患の重症度を低下させるように、対象に該組成物の有効量を投与する段階
を含む、その必要がある対象において、自己免疫疾患を処置するため、自己免疫疾患を阻害するため、または自己免疫疾患の重症度を低下させるための方法。
JJ. 剤が、IL-12の産生を低減または阻害する、項目IIの方法。
KK. 剤が、ペプチド、タンパク質、小分子、核酸、アプタマー、オリゴヌクレオチド、抗体またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つまたは複数である、項目IIの方法。
LL. 核酸が、FcRnに特異的なsiRNAである、項目KKの方法。
MM. 抗体が、モノクローナル抗体またはその断片、ポリクローナル抗体またはその断片、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体および一本鎖抗体からなる群より選択される、項目KK
の方法。
NN. 剤が、IgGおよびFcRnに対する結合部位を含む二重特異性剤である、項目IIの方法。
OO. 剤が、IgGの組み換えFc部分またはその生物学的に活性な部分またはそのタンパク質模倣体である、項目KKの方法。
PP. (a) FcRn抗体を含む組成物を提供する段階; および
(b) 対象におけるIL-12の発現を下方制御するように対象に該組成物の有効量を投与する段階
を含む、対象におけるIL-12の発現を下方制御するための方法。
QQ. (a) 免疫グロブリンG (IgG)もしくはその変種もしくはその断片を含む組成物の有効量が投与された、対象からの試料を提供する段階;
(b) 試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルをアッセイする段階; および
(c) 対象からの試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて高いならば、処置が有効であると判定する段階、または対象からの試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて低いならば、処置が有効ではないと判定する段階
を含み、
対象はがんまたは感染性疾患を有する、
その必要がある対象における処置の効力を判定するための方法。
RR. (a) FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を阻害する剤を含む組成物が投与された、対象からの試料を提供する段階;
(b) 試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルをアッセイする段階; および
(c) 対象からの試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて低いならば、処置が有効であると判定する段階、または対象からの試料中のIL-12、TNF-α、IFN-γ、GM-CSF、IL-3、IL-2、グランザイムB、Tbetもしくはそれらの組み合わせのいずれか1つもしくは複数のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて高いならば、処置が有効ではないと判定する段階
を含み、
対象は自己免疫疾患を有する、
その必要がある対象における処置の効力を判定するための方法。
SS. 試料が血液、血漿または組織である、項目QQまたはRRの方法。
マウスおよび腫瘍モデル
遺伝的背景C57BL/6の、FcRnを欠損した、Fcgrt-/- マウス(Roopenian et al., 2003)を最初に、The Jackson Laboratoryから購入した。FcgrtF1/F1マウスは、E. Sally Ward博士(テキサス大学南西医療センター)から親切にも贈与していただいた(Montoyo et al., 2009)。hFCGRT-hB2M-mFcgrt-/- マウスは、既述されている(Yoshida et al., 2004)。全ての手順は、ハーバード医学部門動物監視委員会(Harvard Medical Area Standing Committee on Animal)によって承認された。既述のプロトコルを用いてAOM、AOM/DSS、Apc min/+および肺転移腫瘍モデルを実施した(LeibundGut-Landmann et al., 2008; Meunier et al., 2009; Wirtz et al., 2007)。
炎症関連のCRCは、図8Dに概説の通りおよび既述(Wirtz et al., 2007)の通り、10 mg/kgのアゾキシメタン(AOM) (Sigma Aldrich)の単回腹腔内用量およびその後2回の、飲料水中1.5%のデキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS) (MP Biomedicals)の7日間にわたる投与により誘導された。最終のDSS過程の中止から2週後に、腫瘍組織量を評価した。腫瘍組織量は、既述(Grivennikov et al., 2012)のように、全腫瘍の直径の合計として計算された。骨髄キメラは、レシピエントの致死線量照射(2×6 Gy)と、その後、適切なドナー由来の骨髄細胞1×106個での再構成によって作出された。AOM/DSSによるキメラの処置は、再構成から8週後に開始された。非炎症関連のCRCは、10 mg/kg AOMの週1度8回の腹腔内注射によって誘導された。AOMの最終用量の投与から12週後に腫瘍組織量を評価した。未処置マウスでの5〜6ヶ月齢の時点で、ApcMin/+およびApcMin/+ Fcgrt-/- マウスにおける腫瘍組織量を評価した。全ての実験において、腫瘍評価14は、目に見える腫瘍(直径が1 mm超)を肉眼的に計数し、デジタルキャリパで各病変の最大の直径を測定することにより盲目的に行われた。
MLNおよびLI固有層からのCD8+ T細胞またはDCを、AOM/DSS処置過程21日目にドナーマウスから単離した(図8D参照)。細胞の単離は、既述(Baker et al., 2011)のように、連続的なコラゲナーゼ消化によって行った。CD8+ T細胞をその後、陰性の磁気選別(Miltenyi Biotec)を用いて精製した。DCをCD11c-マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec)での陽性の磁気選別により精製し、主としてCD8-CD11b+のDCを得た(図10I)。1×106個のCD8+ T細胞またはDCをCD8+ T細胞の場合には0日目および21日目に、ならびにDCの場合には-7日目および14日目に腹腔内注射によってレシピエントマウスに養子移入した。レシピエントマウスのMLNおよびLI固有層へ移入された細胞の適切な局在が、Ly5.1発現について遺伝的背景が同一のマウスを用いた別個の実験において検証された(図10J)。CD8+ T細胞の枯渇のため、マウスを最初に、連日、初回DC移入の3日前に始めて3用量の抗CD8抗体(クローン53-6.72, BWHBRI Antibody Core Facility) (またはアイソタイプ対照) 0.5 mgで腹腔内処置した(Kruisbeek, 1991)。その後、CD8+ T細胞の枯渇を実験終了まで3日ごとに抗CD8抗体(またはアイソタイプ) 0.5 mgの投与によって維持した。IL-12中和のため、マウスを最初に、連日、初回DC移入の3日前に始めて3腹腔内用量の抗IL-12p40抗体(クローンC17.8) (親切にもGiorgio Trinchieri博士, National Cancer Instituteから提供していただいた) (またはアイソタイプ対照) 0.5 mgで処置した。実験終了まで週2回の抗IL-12p40抗体(またはアイソタイプ) 0.5 mgの投与によって中和を維持した。
肺転移は、対数増殖期にあるOVAトランスフェクションB16黒色腫細胞(OVA-B16細胞, Kenneth Rock博士, University of Massachusetts Medical Schoolからの寛容な贈与) 0.5×106個の静脈内注射によって誘導された(Falo et al., 1995; 15 LeibundGut-Landmann et al., 2008)。肺結節の評価は、肺膨張および10%ホルマリン中での固定にしたがって行われた。DC免疫実験のため、DCを転移担持ドナーマウスの肺および流入領域リンパ節からのコラゲナーゼ消化によって単離し、DC 1×106個をレシピエントマウスの後足蹠中へ皮下注射した。2週間後、レシピエントに上記の通り、OVA-B16細胞を投与した。CD8+ T細胞防御実験のため、OVA特異的OT-I CD8+ T細胞を、5日間20 U/ml IL-2の存在下で、上記のように、IgG ICまたはIHH-IgG ICをパルスしたDCで刺激した後に、精製および24時間前にOVA-B16細胞を受けていたレシピエントマウスへT細胞1×106個の静脈内注射を行った。エクスビボ負荷DCによる免疫のため、LS-IgGを作出し、WT DCに含OVA IgG ICまたはLS-IgG ICをエクスビボで3時間負荷し、その後、皮下足蹠注射の前に徹底的に洗浄した。腫瘍抗原OVAに特異的なCD8+ T細胞の定量化のため、肺を既述(Olszak et al., 2012)のようにコラゲナーゼIIで消化し、単個細胞懸濁液を作出した。細胞を抗CD3、抗CD8およびSIINFEKL-H2-Kb四量体または対照LCMV-H2-Kb四量体(Beckman-Coulter)で染色した。フローサイトメトリーにより、CD3+CD8+ゲート内のSIINFEKL-H2-Kb四量体について陽性の細胞の頻度を評価した。
既刊の方法(Uronis et al., 2011)を用いて、微生物叢の分析を行った。手短に言えば、T-RFLP分析のため、試料を成体(8週齢)および離乳期前(2週齢)の同腹仔の糞便、近位LIまたは遠位LIから回収し、液体窒素中で急速凍結した。既述(Uronis et al., 2011)のように、T-RFLP分析のため試料を処理した。Sequentix Gelquestを用いて分析を行い、サイズ(断片の長さ)およびピーク高さ(存在量)を各TRFに割り当てた。PRIMER v6を用い、TRF存在量を全体で標準化し、平方根で変換した。標準化された変換存在量をBray Curtis類似度指数行列へコンパイルし、類似度分析(ANOSIM)を用いて、遺伝子型間での全群集組成の統計的に有意な差異について検定した。シャノン多様性(H)、マーガレフ豊かさ(d)およびピールー均等度(Pielou evenness)(J)指数を用いて多様性を測定し、スチューデントのt検定によって差異を評価した。qPCRのため、試料を7週齢の同腹仔の糞便、近位LIまたは遠位LIから回収し、液体窒素中で急速凍結した。試料を上記のように処理した。既刊のプライマーセットを用いてqPCRを行った(Arthur et al., 2012; Miyamoto et al., 2002; Periasamy and Kolenbrander, 2009; Rabizadeh et al., 2007; Shames et al., 1995)。
Kraft Family Blood Donor Center of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospitalから、ヒトロイコパック(leukopack)を入手した。1000 U/ml hGM-CSFおよび500 U/ml hIL-4中で5日間、既述(Zeissig et al., 2010)のようにhMoDCを得た。培養の最後の24時間の間に、100 U/ml IFN-γを添加した。上記のようにIgGおよびIHH-IgG刺激を行った。同じドナーから適合させた腫瘍組織および隣接正常組織の50試料を含む1セットのヒトCRC組織マイクロアレイを、BioMax USAから入手した。患者220名それぞれの複数のパンチ生検材料(punches)を含み、生存データを利用可能なもう一つのTMAが、既述されている(Karamitopoulou et al., 2011)。10 mMクエン酸塩, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% Tween (pH 6.0)中での熱によるエピトープ回復の後、Dako社のEnVision G2 Doublestain System, Rabbit/Mouse (DAB+/Permanent Red) Kitを用いて組織を染色した。一次抗体は抗hFCGRT (HPA012122, Sigma Aldrich)、抗hCD11c (Novocastra)および抗hCD8 (Dako)であり、これらの全てを50分の1で用いた。実験は、ブリガム・アンド・ウィメンズ病院調査委員会(Brigham and Women's Hospital Review Board)の承認の下で実施された。
フローサイトメトリー、RNA分析、IgG定量化、ChIP、ウエスタンブロッティング、ELISpotおよびインビトロ共培養実験は、本明細書に記述のようにおよび既述(Baker et al., 2011)のように行われた。
既述(Baker et al., 2011)のように、コラゲナーゼ消化を用いて脾臓、MLNまたは結腸から細胞を単離した。フローサイトメトリー染色に用いた全ての抗体は、以下: Ki-67 (BD Pharmingen)、グランザイムB (eBioscience)、FCGR4 (Sino Biologicals)を除いてBioLegendから購入した。グランザイムBに対する細胞内染色は、PMA (30 ng/ml)およびイオノマイシン(2 μg/ml) (Sigma)による4時間の再刺激ならびにGolgiStop (BD Pharmingen)の後にCytofix/Cytopermキット(BD Pharmingen)を用いて行った。
RNAは、RNeasy MicroKit (Qiagen)を用いフローサイトメトリーにより選別された細胞集団(CD8+ T細胞もしくはDC)から、またはRNeasy MiniKit (Qiagen)を用い急速凍結組織から直接的に単離された。RNAを、SuperScriptIII (Life Technologies)を用いて逆転写し、SYBR Green technology (Roche)を用いてqPCRにより定量化した。
サイトメトリービーズアレイ(BD Pharmingen)を用いて、プレートに結合させた抗CD3および抗CD28による再刺激24時間後にCD8+またはCD4+ T細胞活性化を評価した。ハプテンNIP (4-ヒドロキシ-3-ヨード-5-ニトロフェニル酢酸)に結合させたオボアルブミンおよびNIP特異的キメラIgG (IgG)、IHH-IgGまたはLS-IgGを用いて免疫複合体を形成させた。IHH-IgGは既述(Baker et al., 2011)のように、NIP特異的マウスFab断片およびヒトIgG1 Fc断片を含み、かつFcRnライゲーションに必要とされるFc領域中の3つの重要なアミノ酸における変異の導入によってFcRn結合ができなくされた、キメラIgGタンパク質の突然変異体である。QuikChange部位特異的変異誘発キット(Strategene)を用いて、ハプテンの4-ヒドロキシ-3-ヨード-5-ニトロフェニル酢酸(NIP)に特異的な、かつヒトIgG1 Fcを含んだ既述のキメラ抗体(Ober et al., 2001)の中に、FcRn結合を増強することが知られているM428L/N434S変異(Zalevsky et al., 2010)を導入することによりLS-IgGを作出した。単離されたDC 1×105個に、あらかじめ形成された免疫複合体(0.5 μg/mlのNIP結合OVA + 100 μg/mlの抗NIP IgGまたは抗NIP IHH-IgG)を2〜3時間パルスし、引き続いて徹底的な洗浄および精製OT-I CD8+ T細胞2×105個の添加により、インビトロでの交差提示アッセイ法を行った(Baker et al., 2011)。サイトカイン分泌を24時間または48時間後に、ELISA (BD Pharmingen)によって測定した。IL-12中和実験のため、表示された濃度のIL-12中和ヤギIgG (RnD Systems)またはヤギアイソタイプ対照IgG (RnD Systems)を、IgG ICパルス化後のDCに添加した。OT-I CD8+ T細胞の添加前に1時間、中和抗体の存在下でDCをインキュベートした。
アイソタイプ特異的ELISA (Southern Biotech)を用いて、未処置または処置マウスの血清中のIgGアイソタイプを定量化した。組織IgGの定量化のため、急速凍結組織をさっと溶かし、その後、プロテアーゼ阻害剤(Roche)を含有するPBS中でホモジナイズした。不溶性物質を遠心分離によって除去し、清澄化された上清中のタンパク質濃度をBCAアッセイ法(Thermo Scientific)によって評価した。等量のタンパク質をIgGアイソタイプELISAにおいて使用し、IgG濃度を総タンパク質mgに対して標準化した。ディスパーゼおよびコラゲナーゼ消化により単離され、精製された腫瘍上皮細胞から作出した溶解物を用いて、腫瘍特異的IgGを評定した(Baker et al., 2011; Olszak et al., 2012)。4℃でプロテインGセファロースビーズ(GE Healthcare Life Sciences)との終夜インキュベーションにより、腫瘍溶解物からIgGを枯渇させた。ウエスタンブロッティングのため、腫瘍上皮または正常腸上皮由来の溶解物10 μgを、還元条件の下でSDS-PAGEによって分離し、ニトロセルロース膜に転写した。膜ストリップを次に、10分の1希釈の、個々のマウス由来の血清または腸ホモジネートでプローブし、抗マウスIgG-HRPで発色させた。ブロットをECLウエスタンブロッティング試薬(Western Blotting Reagent) (GE Healthcare)で発色させた。ELISAのため、連続希釈の血清または組織ホモジネートの適用および抗マウスIgG-HRPでの発色の前に、コーティング緩衝液中10分の1希釈の腫瘍溶解物でプレートをコーティングした。OVA-B16転移担持マウス由来のOVA特異的IgG分泌B細胞を、CD19-マイクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotech)によるB細胞の単離後に製造元の使用説明書にしたがってELISpot (mAbTech)により定量化した。
転写因子の核移行を、表示された時間、IgG IC (FcRn結合IgGまたは非FcRn結合IHH-IgGおよびNIP-OVAで上記のように形成された)による単離DCの刺激後に評価した。NE-PER核および細胞質抽出キット(Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Kit) (Thermo Scientific)を用いて、核画分および細胞質画分を単離した。抗NF-κB p65抗体、抗IRF-1抗体および抗HDAC抗体は、全てCell Signaling Technologiesから購入した。ChIPは、Cell Signaling TechnologiesのSimpleChIP Plus Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads)によるICの刺激後に行った。
全てのデータは、平均±標準誤差として表した。特別の定めのない限り、データは、対応のない両側スチューデントのt検定を用いて分析した。独立した実験間の結果の有意性は、対でのスチューデントのt検定によって評価した。上記のように関連する場合、非正規分布データはマン・ホイットニー検定を用いて評価し、マウス生存実験はログランク検定またはカイ二乗検定を用いて評定した。ヒト生存分析はカプラン・マイヤー法で実施し、2つの曲線はログランク検定で比較した。次に、FcRn+CD11c+ 状態を単変量および多変量Cox回帰分析へ入力した。ハザード比(HR)および95%信頼区間(CI)を用いて、生存時間に及ぼすFcRn+CD11c+ 細胞数の予後作用について判定した。全ての分析は、GraphPad Prismソフトウェア(GraphPad Software, Inc.)を用いて行った。
散発性大腸がん(CRC)の大部分は、大腸腺腫症(APC)遺伝子の不活化を伴うことが多い、規定された一連の変異事象を受けて生じる(Walther et al., 2009)。本発明者らはしたがって、Apcの異常コピーを保有し、多数の小腸腺腫を自然発生するApcMin/+ マウスでのCRCの発生に、FcRnが寄与しうるかどうか調べることから始めた(Saleh and Trinchieri, 2011)。典型的には、ApcMin/+ マウスは、腫瘍抑制遺伝子の追加的欠失のような、さらなる損傷がなければ結腸病変を発生しない(Aoki et al., 2003; Saleh and Trinchieri, 2011)。しかし、FcRnが欠損している(Fcgrt-/-)マウスと交配させたApcMin/+ マウスは、そのApcMin/+ 同腹仔よりも顕著に多くのLI腫瘍を自然発生した(図1A)。重要なことには、高度異形成およびLPを通じた局所浸潤が、ApcMin/+ 動物ではなくApcMin/+Fcgrt-/- 動物由来の病変においてのみ検出された(図1Aおよび8A)。小腸(SI)における腫瘍の頻度においては差異が検出されなかった(図8B)が、小腸ではApcMin/+ マウスでの腫瘍発生は第2の遺伝的事象に依存しない(Aoki et al., 2003; Saleh and Trinchieri, 2011)。本発明者らは次に、反復投与で、結腸直腸悪性腫瘍の発生を駆動する、化学的発がん物質アゾキシメタン(AOM)の長期投与によって誘導されるCRCの発生におけるFcRnの役割について調べた(Meunier et al., 2009)。本発明者らは、AOM投与の標準レジメンに供されたFcgrt-/- マウスが、WT同腹仔よりも顕著に大量のかつ大きな腫瘍を発生させることを観察した(図1Bおよび8C)。これらのデータは、散発性CRCの発生に対する感受性を決定する際のFcRnの重要性を実証するものである。
FcRn駆動性の抗腫瘍免疫の性質をもっとよく理解しようとして、本発明者らは、切除した腫瘍と肉眼的に腫瘍のない隣接組織との両方でLPリンパ球(LPL)の免疫学的組成を調べた。CD4+ T細胞、ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞またはマクロファージの数に差異は示されなかった(図9A)が、顕著により多くの数のCD8+ T細胞がWT AOM/DSS処置マウスの腫瘍組織内および隣接組織内の両方において、そのFcgrt-/- 同腹仔と比較して常に見られた(図2A、2B, 上パネル、および図9B)。FcRn欠損マウスの腫瘍微小環境へのCD8+ T細胞浸潤のこの同一の欠陥がまた、ApcMin/+Fcgrt-/- 動物においてそのApcMin/+ 同腹仔と比較して(図9C)、およびAOMのみで処置されたFcgrt-/- マウスにおいて(図9D)認められた。さらに、AOM/DSS処置WT動物由来のさらに高率のCD8+ T細胞が、そのFcgrt-/- 同腹仔由来のものが発現するよりも細胞内グランザイムBまたは表面リソソーム関連膜タンパク質-1 (LAMP1) (図2A、2B, 下パネル)を発現した。本発明者らは、AOM/DSS処置マウスのLIから選別されたエフェクタCD8+CD44+CD62L- T細胞の抗CD3および抗CD28再刺激を用いてこれを確認した(図2C)。Fcgrt-/- 腫瘍担持マウス由来のCD8+ T細胞は、ごくわずかな量のインターフェロン-γ(IFN-γ)、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)およびインターロイキン-10 (IL-10)を分泌し、これらのうち後者のものは、効率的な細胞傷害性CD8+ T細胞媒介性の抗ウイルス免疫および抗腫瘍免疫に重要であることが最近になって示された(Mumm et al., 2011; Zhang and Bevan, 2011)。それぞれ、Ki-67およびアネキシンV染色によって評価した場合、CD8+ T細胞増殖またはアポトーシスの比率には差異が認められなかったが(図9E)、T細胞保持に関連したインテグリンCD103の上方制御(Le Floc'h et al., 2007)と、CD62L+CD8+ T細胞上の活性化関連CD44の発現の増加の両方が、Fcgrt-/-ではなくWT同腹仔のLPに浸潤しているCD8+ T細胞において観察された(図9F)。これらの差異が腸間膜リンパ節(MLN)では観察されなかったので、これは、腫瘍関連組織に特異的であって(図9F)、エフェクタ記憶(TEM)細胞表現型を担持する多数のCD8+CD44+CD62L+ 細胞の存在がヒトCRC患者での予後の改善に関連していたので、注目に値する(Pages et al., 2005)。これらのデータはしたがって、LIに帰巣された細胞傷害性T細胞の保持および活性化を促進させることにより抗腫瘍免疫を駆動させる際のFcRnの役割と最も一致している。
酸性のエンドソームおよびファゴソームpHがFcRnとIgGとの結合に有利に働く、CD8-CD11b+ DCにおけるFcRnは、IgG ICにより送達された抗原の交差提示と、その結果としての、FcRnを欠く、CD8+ T細胞の活性化を駆動するという本発明者らの最近の実証(Baker et al., 2011)に照らして、本発明者らは、DCによるFcRn依存性の交差プライミングがその抗腫瘍効果に必要であるかどうか判定しようとした。この機構が、ICを形成させるために腫瘍反応性IgGの存在を必要としうること、および腫瘍反応性IgGがヒトCRCにおいて以前に立証されていること(Auer et al., 1988; Kijanka et al., 2010)を考慮して、本発明者らは初めに、本発明者らのモデルにおけるこれらのエフェクタ分子の存在について確認した。AOM/DSS処置マウス由来のIgG枯渇させた腫瘍上皮溶解物を用いたELISA (図3Aおよび10A)およびウエスタンブロッティング(図10B)の両方のアッセイ法から、腫瘍反応性IgGが、非腫瘍担持対照は除いてAOM/DSS処置WTおよびFcgrt-/- 同腹仔のMLNおよびLI組織ホモジネート中にならびに血清中に存在していることが検証された。本発明者らはまた、WTおよびFcgrt-/- 同腹仔の両方の血清中で、死にかけている腫瘍細胞によって放出された、アポトーシス小体またはミトコンドリアを含むICの形成を促進しうる、抗ホスファチジルセリンIgGおよび抗カルジオリピンIgGの同程度の増加(Kepp et al., 2009)に気付いた(図10C)。さらに、腫瘍反応性IgG (図3Aおよび10A)も全IgG (図10D)もともに、AOM/DSS処置WTおよびFcgrt-/- マウスのMLNおよび腸組織の中に同様のレベルで存在していた。このように、FcRnは循環血中IgGを異化作用から防御するうえで極めて重要であり、本発明者らのFcgrt-/- マウスは予想通り全身的に低ガンマグロブリン血症状態であったが(図10D) (Roopenian et al., 2003)、全IgG (図10D)または腫瘍特異的IgG (図3A)のどちらの場合でも、組織IgGレベルを正常化するのに常在形質細胞による局所IgG産生で十分な可能性が高い、組織ではそうでなかった。このように、腫瘍発生に対するFcgrt-/- マウスの極端な感受性は、単純にFcRnに対するIgGリガンドの局所欠乏によるものとすることはできない。
抗原特異的な系におけるFcRnを介した腫瘍免疫監視機構の個々の構成要素を確認するため、および規定された単一の腫瘍抗原を、FcRnで可能とされる経路に標的化することの有効性を実証するため、本発明者らは、OVA抗原(OVA-B16)を発現する黒色腫細胞株(B16)による肺転移モデルを用いた(Falo et al., 1995)。FcRnは肺において高度に発現されることが分かっているので(Spiekermann et al., 2002)、本発明者らは初めに、WTマウスの肺はそのFcgrt-/- 同腹仔の肺と比べてCD8+ T細胞に富むことの検証をした(図11A)。これらのデータは、FcRnによって調節される粘膜CD8+ T細胞応答の範囲を、がんの影響を頻繁に受け(Siegel et al., 2012)、FcRn依存性の免疫応答(Yoshida et al., 2004)と腸との免疫学的クロストークの両方に関わることが知られている(Keely et al., 2011)第2の部位にまで広げる。OVA-B16の静脈内投与の後で、本発明者らは、WTおよびFcgrt-/- 同腹仔の両方由来の肺ホモジネートおよび血清中での抗OVA IgGの上昇を観察し(図11B、11C)、WTおよびFcgrt-/- マウスのLNおよび脾臓において等数の抗OVA IgG分泌B細胞を検出し(図11D)、それによってFcRn欠損動物で腫瘍抗原特異的IgGの局所産生に欠陥のないことが確認された。WTマウスはFcgrt-/- マウスよりもかなり少ない肺結節を発生し、Fcgrt-/- DCではなく、WT DCによる遠位部位での皮下ワクチン接種は、Fcgrt-/- レシピエントに肺転移性播種からの防御を付与した(図4Aおよび11E)。SIINFEKL/H2kb四量体染色を用いて、本発明者らは、OVA-B16腫瘍細胞を与えられているWTマウスの肺で、そのFcgrt-/- 同腹仔でよりもOVA腫瘍抗原特異性を有する高い比率の内因性CD8+ T細胞が生ずることを立証した(図4B)。DCに基づく、FcRnを介した腫瘍防御がCD8+ T細胞の活性化に依存していたことを確認するために、本発明者らは、WT CD8-CD11b+ DCで免疫し、OVA-B16を与えたFcgrt-/- レシピエントに枯渇性の抗CD8抗体を長期投与した。WT DCの移入はFcgrt-/- レシピエントにおいて転移性肺結節の発生を顕著に減少させたが、この防御はCD8+ T細胞の枯渇によって無効化された(図4C)。本発明者らは、ItgaxcreFcgrtF1/F1マウスが、そのFcgrtF1/F1同腹仔が発生させるよりも多くの数の肺結節を発生させ、腫瘍特異的CD8+ T細胞の増大の駆動であまり効率的ではないことを示すことにより、FcRnを介した腫瘍免疫監視機構の主要座がDCであることをさらに確認した(図4D)。これらの所見は、内因的に生じた腫瘍反応性IgGと内因的に派生した同種CD8+ T細胞の両方を、DCがFcRn依存性の腫瘍免疫監視機構に力を及ぼす機構の重要な構成要素と特定するものである。
既存の炎症の非存在下でLIに生じるFcRnを介した抗腫瘍免疫に関する本発明者らの発見は、FcRnが、がん発生の兆候前に腸免疫監視機構において積極的な役割を果たしている可能性のあることを示唆し、したがって本発明者らに、FcRnが恒常性の状況下でLIにおいてCD8+ T細胞活性化を調節するかどうかを調べるように導いた。AOM/DSS処置マウスにおける本発明者らの知見と同様に、および循環血中IgG濃度の周知の差異にもかかわらず(Roopenian et al., 2003)、定常状態下でWTおよびFcgrt-/- 同腹仔の両方のLIおよびMLN組織中に同様の量のIgGが存在していた(図5A)。これらの結果から、腫瘍発生に対するFcgrt-/- マウスの感受性は、恒常的な局所IgG欠損によるものでありえないことが確認された。しかしながら、これらの同等な組織IgG量にもかかわらず、WTマウスのLI LPはFcgrt-/- マウスにおいて観察されたものと比べて、さらに大量の、他のリンパ球サブセットではなく、CD8+ T細胞を含んでいた(図5B)。LI LPへのCD8+ T細胞浸潤の同様の欠損が、未処置ItgaxcreFcgrtF1/F1マウスにおいて、その同腹仔対照と比べて存在していた(図5C)。さらに、WTマウスのLI LP由来のCD8+ T細胞は、Fcgrt-/- 同腹仔から得られたT細胞と比べて再刺激により、もっと多くのIFN-γ、IL-10およびTNFを分泌し(図5D)、単離直後に評価した場合に、もっと多くの活性化および細胞傷害性に関連したサイトカインを発現した(図5E)。WTおよびFcgrt-/- レシピエントへの同種CD8+ T細胞の養子移入により、移入から10日後にWTマウスのLI LPにおいていっそう多くの数の移入T細胞が蓄積していたことだけでなく、これらはまた、顕著にいっそう多くの活性化マーカーCD44を上方制御していたことも示され(図12A)、Fcgrt-/- 腫瘍担持マウスにおける欠損CD8+CD44+CD62L+ T細胞に関する本発明者らの所見と一致するものであった(図9F)。対照的に、同種WTレシピエントに移入されたWTまたはFcgrt-/- ドナー由来のCD8+ T細胞は、LI LPへ等しく十分に帰巣し(図12B)、それによって、FcRnの効果が、T細胞に本来備わっているのではなく局所の腫瘍微小環境の範囲内であることが確認された。
IL-12は、CD8+ T細胞媒介性免疫の強力な促進因子であることが分かっており(Gerosa et al., 1996; Trinchieri, 2003)、Fcgrt-/- 同腹仔と比べてWTの粘膜組織からの、DC、特にCD8-CD11b+ サブセットにおいていっそう大量のIL-12を常に観察していたので、本発明者らは次に、IL-12分泌に及ぼす、IgG ICまたはFcRnを結合できないIgG IC (IHH-IgG IC)によるFcRnのライゲーションの効果について調べた。FcRn非結合性のIHH-IgG ICとではなく、FcRn結合性のIgG ICとの、未処置WTマウスのMLNおよび脾臓由来のWT CD8-CD11b+ DCのインキュベーションにより、IL-12p35転写産物の直接的誘導がもたらされた(図6A)。同様に、AOM/DSS処置マウスのMLNから単離された、Fcgrt-/- CD8-CD11b+ DCではなくWTのIgG IC刺激は、IL-12分泌の増加を引き起こした(図6B)。本発明者らは、IgG ICによるFcgrt-/- DCの刺激が、WT DCにおいて見られたよりもTh1細胞関連転写因子STAT-1 (Antonios et al., 2010)のかなり低いリン酸化をもたらすことを観察した(図6C)。本発明者らは、Stat1-/- マウスから単離されたCD8-CD11b+ DCをFcRn結合性のIgG ICおよびFcRn非結合性のIHH-IgG ICで処理し、IgG ICがSTAT-1の非存在下でIL-12p35を誘導できないことを観察することにより、STAT-1活性化がFcRn誘導性のIL-12産生の重要な構成要素であることを確認した(図6D)。本発明者らはさらに、(Liu et al., 2003; Murphy et al., 1995) IgG ICによるWT CD8-CD11b+ DCの刺激がFcgrt-/- DCにおいてまたはIHH-IgG ICによる刺激によって観察されたよりも顕著に高い、核移行およびインターフェロン調節因子-1 (IRF-1)とNF-κB p65の両方のIL-12p35プロモーター結合をもたらすことを示し(図6C、6E)、これがMYD88非依存性であることを確認した(図13A、13B)。DCにおけるFcRnのIgG ICライゲーションはしたがって、強力なTh1およびTc1細胞関連サイトカインIL-12の産生を直接誘導することができる。
マウスでの本発明者らの知見がヒトCRCの発生に関連していたことを断定的に確立するため、本発明者らは、FcRnおよびCD11cに対する免疫組織化学的染色を利用して50症例のヒトCRCおよび適合させた隣接正常組織においてFcRn発現DCの存在について評定した。図7Aおよび14Aに示されるように、FcRn+CD11c+ 細胞はCRC患者の腫瘍LI (上パネル)および隣接正常LI (下パネル)の両方の間質中に明らかに存在していた。さらに、CD8+ T細胞とのFcRn+ 間質細胞の直接的な相互作用が、腫瘍LI (上パネル)およびCRC隣接正常LI (下パネル)の両方において観察された(図7Bおよび14B)。重要なことには、FcRn+CD11c+ DCの頻度は、CRCに隣接した正常間質におけるCD8+ T細胞の存在との間に正の相関が認められた(図14C)。腫瘍微小環境中のFcRn+CD11c+ 細胞の存在が患者の生存に影響を与えるかどうか判定するために、本発明者らは、これらの細胞についてヒトCRC症例183例の、十分に特徴付けられた組織マイクロアレイを染色し、疾患の転帰に及ぼすその影響を分析した。カプラン・マイヤー生存曲線により、パンチあたり10個以上のFcRn+CD11c+ 細胞を有する患者は、10個未満のFcRn+CD11c+ 細胞を有する患者よりも70ヶ月にわたる経過観察で顕著に長い生存時間を有することが示された(図7C)。さらに、漸増数のFcRn+CD11c+ 細胞が、単変量比例ハザード分析において患者の生存にプラスの効果(p = 0.0333)、表示の臨床パラメータに応じて調整時には多変量分析において維持された効果(p = 0.0388)を有することが分かった(図14D)。まとめて、これらの研究は、FcRnを発現しているDCがCRCおよびCRCに関連した隣接微小環境の両方へ局在化し、腫瘍組織へのCD8+ T細胞の浸潤と相関し、CRC患者に対する予後の改善を予測することを実証するものである。
図15に示されるように、FcRn特異的モノクローナル抗体DVN24での遮断は、Th1サイトカインのレベルを減少させる。
Claims (2)
- (a) FcRnとIgGとの間の相互作用によって媒介されるシグナル伝達を阻害する抗FcRn抗体を含む組成物が投与される処置を受けた対象からの試料を提供する段階;
(b) 試料中のIL-12のレベルをアッセイする段階;および
(c) 対象からの試料中のIL-12のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて低い場合は、該処置が有効であることを指示し、または対象からの試料中のIL-12のレベルが参照試料中でのレベルと比べて高い場合は、該処置が有効ではないことを指示する段階
を含み、
対象は自己免疫疾患を有する、
その必要がある対象における処置の効力を評価するための方法。 - 抗体が、モノクローナル抗体もしくはその断片、ポリクローナル抗体もしくはその断片、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、および一本鎖抗体からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
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CN112142843A (zh) | 2013-12-24 | 2020-12-29 | 阿尔金克斯有限公司 | FcRn拮抗剂及使用方法 |
JP6983075B2 (ja) | 2015-06-02 | 2021-12-17 | ノヴォ ノルディスク アー/エス | 極性の組換え延長部を有するインスリン |
MA43348A (fr) | 2015-10-01 | 2018-08-08 | Novo Nordisk As | Conjugués de protéines |
WO2018185131A2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-11 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Oligomer extended insulin-fc conjugates |
MA56102A (fr) | 2019-06-07 | 2022-04-13 | Argenx Bvba | Formulations pharmaceutique d'inhibiteurs de fcrn appropriées pour une administration par voie sous-cutanée |
CN114129730A (zh) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-03-04 | 宁夏大学 | FcRn抑制剂在制备降低炎症反应和/或防治结核病的试剂或药物中的应用 |
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US20170002073A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
JP6998927B2 (ja) | 2022-02-04 |
WO2015081073A3 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
EP3074039A2 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
US20190169290A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
EP3074039A4 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
JP2016538297A (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
US20200024343A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
JP6620094B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 |
WO2015081073A2 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
ES2909014T3 (es) | 2022-05-04 |
US20210347887A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
CA2966352A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
EP3663763A1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
EP4053560A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
US10035858B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2022046594A (ja) | 2022-03-23 |
US20200040076A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
EP3663763B1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
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