JP2020024173A - Magnetic sensor device - Google Patents

Magnetic sensor device Download PDF

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JP2020024173A
JP2020024173A JP2018149587A JP2018149587A JP2020024173A JP 2020024173 A JP2020024173 A JP 2020024173A JP 2018149587 A JP2018149587 A JP 2018149587A JP 2018149587 A JP2018149587 A JP 2018149587A JP 2020024173 A JP2020024173 A JP 2020024173A
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bearing
magnetic
flux density
magneto
magnetic flux
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JP7170257B2 (en
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大輔 小林
Daisuke Kobayashi
大輔 小林
功一 長嶋
Koichi Nagashima
功一 長嶋
豊 新井
Yutaka Arai
豊 新井
利樹 杉山
Toshiki Sugiyama
利樹 杉山
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NSK Ltd
Tokyo Rigaku Kensa Co Ltd
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Tokyo Rigaku Kensa Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a magnetic sensor device capable of diagnosing a fatigue state of a mechanical element, such as a bearing, without disassembling.SOLUTION: A magnetic sensor device 10 includes: a sensor drive detection circuit 3; a magnetism-sensitive probe part 1 having at least two magnetic sensors 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E only in a row; and a flexible board 2 for mounting the magnetism-sensitive probe part 1 and the sensor drive detection circuit 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、機械要素を非分解で診断する技術に係り、特に、機械要素として、ずぶ焼入れ、浸炭焼入れないし浸炭窒化等の処理を施して用いられる深溝玉軸受または円筒、円錐ないし球面(自動調心)ころ軸受等の軸受の軌道輪の状態を非分解で診断する上で好適な診断技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a technology for diagnosing a mechanical element in a non-decomposed manner, and in particular, a deep groove ball bearing or a cylinder, a cone or a spherical surface (automatic adjustment) used as a mechanical element by performing treatment such as soaking quenching, carburizing quenching or carbonitriding. The present invention relates to a diagnostic technique suitable for diagnosing the state of a bearing ring of a bearing such as a roller bearing without decomposition.

機械要素の一例として、例えば軸受の軌道面の疲労が進展して疲労限界を迎えると、軌道面のはく離に至る。軌道面にはく離が生じた軸受は、音や振動が大きくなり、最終的には割れてしまうこともある。このような軸受の軌道面はく離に伴う振動を把握することで、軸受の破損を捕える技術は多く報告されている。一方で、市場のニーズとしては、軌道面はく離よりも前の段階で軸受の状態を把握できる技術が求められる。例えば特許文献1には、X線測定により軸受の組織状態を把握する技術が開示されている。   As an example of the mechanical element, for example, when the fatigue of the raceway surface of the bearing progresses and reaches the fatigue limit, the raceway surface is separated. A bearing having peeled off on the raceway surface may have large noise and vibration, and may eventually break. Many techniques have been reported for capturing the damage of the bearing by grasping the vibration accompanying the raceway of the bearing raceway. On the other hand, market needs call for a technology that can grasp the state of the bearing at a stage prior to track surface separation. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for grasping the structural state of a bearing by X-ray measurement.

特開2009−041993号公報JP 2009-041993 A

しかし、X線での軸受の組織状態の測定は、人体への影響を考慮して遮蔽空間でなくては測定ができず、また、測定に際して軸受を切断する必要がある。そのため、診断後の軸受を継続して使用することはできない。さらに、X線測定機は、基本的には大型で据え置く形態がほとんどであり、現場での測定技術としては不向きである。
そこで、本発明は、このような問題点に着目してなされたものであって、機械要素の疲労状態を非分解で診断し得る磁気センサ装置を提供することを課題とする。
However, the measurement of the tissue state of the bearing by X-ray cannot be performed unless the space is a shielded space in consideration of the influence on the human body, and the bearing must be cut off at the time of measurement. Therefore, the bearing after the diagnosis cannot be used continuously. Furthermore, most X-ray measuring machines are basically large and stationary, and are not suitable for on-site measurement techniques.
Then, this invention was made paying attention to such a problem, and makes it a subject to provide the magnetic sensor apparatus which can diagnose the fatigue state of a mechanical element in a non-decomposing manner.

ここで、本発明者は、転がり軸受において、その軌道輪の負荷圏では、転動体が軌道面を繰り返し通過することで、時間の経過とともに負荷を受けた軌道面表面下の材料組織が変化することに着目した(以下、この組織変化を本明細書では「軸受の疲労」とも呼称する。)。本発明者が軌道面の磁束密度を仔細に考察したところ、この材料組織の変化は磁性の変化を同時に伴い、軌道面またはその内部に、軸受の使用前と使用後とで異なる磁束密度が発生するという知見を得た。そして、その磁束密度の変化量は軸受の疲労の進行度合と相関があるという知見を得た。   Here, in the rolling bearing, in the rolling zone of the bearing ring, the rolling element repeatedly passes through the raceway surface, so that the material structure below the surface of the raceway surface that receives the load changes over time. (Hereinafter, this structural change is also referred to as "bearing fatigue" in the present specification.) When the present inventor considered the magnetic flux density of the raceway surface in detail, this change in the material structure was accompanied by a change in the magnetism, and different magnetic flux densities were generated on the raceway surface or before and after the use of the bearing. I got the knowledge to do it. And it was found that the amount of change in the magnetic flux density has a correlation with the degree of progress of the fatigue of the bearing.

ここで、上記特許文献1記載の技術では、軸受を分解する必要があるところ、磁束密度の変化により生じる磁力線は、軌道輪の端面(側面)や周面にも発生する。そこで、本発明は、このような知見に基づいて鋭意検討の結果完成されたものである。
特に、本発明は、軸受の軌道輪の端面もしくは周面に配置する、軸受診断用として好適な、所定構成の感磁プローブ部を有する磁気センサを設置することで、軌道輪の疲労状態を的確に捕え、これにより、軸受の測定部の磁束密度から、軸受を分解せずにその疲労の進行度を判定可能とする上で好適なものである。
Here, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, where the bearing needs to be disassembled, the lines of magnetic force generated by the change in the magnetic flux density are also generated on the end face (side face) and the peripheral face of the bearing ring. Therefore, the present invention has been completed as a result of intensive studies based on such knowledge.
In particular, according to the present invention, the fatigue state of the bearing ring is accurately determined by installing a magnetic sensor having a magneto-sensitive probe portion having a predetermined configuration, which is disposed on the end face or the peripheral surface of the bearing ring of the bearing and is suitable for bearing diagnosis. Thus, the present invention is suitable for making it possible to determine the degree of progress of fatigue of the bearing without disassembling the bearing from the magnetic flux density of the measurement part of the bearing.

すなわち、上記課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る磁気センサ装置は、二つ以上の磁気センサを一列に限って有する感磁プローブ部と、該感磁プローブ部の各磁気センサを駆動するとともに各磁気センサからの出力信号を検出可能に構成されたセンサ駆動検出回路と、前記感磁プローブ部および前記センサ駆動検出回路を搭載する基板と、を備えることを特徴とする。なお、本発明の一態様に係る磁気センサ装置において、前記基板が、可撓性を有することは好ましい。   That is, in order to solve the above problem, a magnetic sensor device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a magneto-sensitive probe unit having two or more magnetic sensors in a single line, and a magnetic sensor of the magneto-sensitive probe unit. It is characterized by comprising a sensor drive detection circuit configured to be driven and capable of detecting an output signal from each magnetic sensor, and a board on which the magneto-sensitive probe unit and the sensor drive detection circuit are mounted. Note that in the magnetic sensor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate preferably has flexibility.

本発明によれば、感磁プローブ部が、二つ以上の磁気センサを一列に限って有し、センサ駆動検出回路は、感磁プローブ部の各磁気センサを駆動するとともに各磁気センサからの出力信号を検出可能に構成されているので、軸受等の機械要素を分解せずに、当該機械要素の外面または外周面からその磁束密度を感磁プローブ部の磁気センサで容易に測定できる。そのため、機械要素の測定部の磁束密度から、機械要素の疲労状態を非分解で診断できる。   According to the present invention, the magneto-sensitive probe unit has two or more magnetic sensors in a single line, and the sensor drive detection circuit drives each magnetic sensor of the magneto-sensitive probe unit and outputs the magnetic sensor from each magnetic sensor. Since the signal is configured to be detectable, the magnetic flux density can be easily measured by the magnetic sensor of the magneto-sensitive probe unit from the outer surface or the outer peripheral surface of the mechanical element without disassembling the mechanical element such as a bearing. Therefore, the fatigue state of the mechanical element can be diagnosed in a non-decomposed manner from the magnetic flux density of the measuring section of the mechanical element.

従来、軸受等の機械要素の軌道面の疲労状態を把握する装置は、X線測定にしろ、その他の測定装置にしろ、機械要素を分解することが必須である。これに対し、本発明では、機械要素を分解しないで測定可能である。
すなわち、本発明は、軸受等の機械要素の疲労に伴う組織変化が磁束密度の変化を伴うことから、磁束密度の変化が現われる部位では、その変化に応じた磁力線が周囲に生じる点に着目した点にある。よって、本発明によれば、軸受等の機械要素を分解していない非分解状態であっても、機械要素の側面ないし周面にて磁力線を把握できる所定構成の感磁プローブ部を有する磁気センサ装置を配置することにより機械要素自体の磁束密度変化を測定し、機械要素の疲労状態を非分解で診断できるのである。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is indispensable to disassemble a mechanical element of an apparatus for grasping a fatigue state of a raceway surface of a mechanical element such as a bearing, whether it is X-ray measurement or another measuring apparatus. On the other hand, in the present invention, the measurement can be performed without disassembling the mechanical element.
In other words, the present invention focuses on the point where magnetic flux lines corresponding to the change occur around the portion where the change in the magnetic flux density appears, since the structural change accompanying the fatigue of the mechanical element such as the bearing involves the change in the magnetic flux density. On the point. Therefore, according to the present invention, even in a non-disassembled state in which a mechanical element such as a bearing is not disassembled, a magnetic sensor having a magneto-sensitive probe portion having a predetermined configuration capable of grasping a magnetic field line on a side surface or a peripheral surface of the mechanical element By arranging the device, the change in magnetic flux density of the machine element itself can be measured, and the fatigue state of the machine element can be diagnosed without decomposition.

また、本発明によれば、測定面に対して、磁気センサを直接接触あるいは近接させなくとも磁束密度の変化を測定可能なので、機械要素およびこれを備える装置のメンテナンスの時間が大幅に解消されるという効果もある。また、現在主流である振動測定では、軸受等の機械要素が破損してからでなければその疲労状態を判定ができないが、本発明では、軸受等の機械要素の破損前にその疲労状態を把握できるため、機械要素を定期的に交換するなど、効率的かつ安全に機械要素およびこれを備える装置を稼動できる。   Further, according to the present invention, the change in magnetic flux density can be measured without directly contacting or approaching the magnetic sensor to the measurement surface, so that the maintenance time of the mechanical element and the device including the same is greatly reduced. There is also the effect. Further, in the vibration measurement which is currently the mainstream, the fatigue state cannot be determined unless the mechanical element such as a bearing is damaged, but in the present invention, the fatigue state is grasped before the mechanical element such as a bearing is damaged. Therefore, the machine element and the device including the same can be operated efficiently and safely, for example, by periodically replacing the machine element.

上述のように、本発明によれば、機械要素の疲労状態を非分解で診断できる。   As described above, according to the present invention, a fatigue state of a mechanical element can be diagnosed without decomposition.

本発明の一態様に係る磁気センサ装置の一実施形態を示す模式的説明図(基板を屈曲させていない状態)であり、同図(a)はその平面図、(b)は正面図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is typical explanatory drawing (state in which the board | substrate is not bent) which shows one Embodiment of the magnetic sensor apparatus which concerns on one aspect of this invention, The figure (a) is the top view, (b) is a front view. . 図1の磁気センサ装置の一使用態様(基板を屈曲させた状態)を示す模式的説明図であり、同図(a)はその平面図、(b)は正面図である。FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic explanatory views showing one use mode (a state in which a substrate is bent) of the magnetic sensor device in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a front view. 本発明の一使用態様である磁気センサ装置での軸受測定を示す模式的説明図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view showing bearing measurement in the magnetic sensor device according to one aspect of the present invention. 図1の磁気センサ装置の感磁プローブ部の一使用態様を示す模式的説明図であり、同図(a)は磁気センサ付き軸受装置の軌道輪(この例では外輪)の測定面幅が狭い例、(b)は軌道輪の測定面幅が広い例を示している。FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory view showing one mode of use of a magneto-sensitive probe section of the magnetic sensor device of FIG. 1, and FIG. (B) shows an example in which the measurement surface width of the bearing ring is wide. 本発明の磁気センサ装置の他の使用態様(複数仕様)である磁気センサでの軸受測定を示す模式的説明図である。It is a typical explanatory view showing bearing measurement by a magnetic sensor which is another use mode (plural specifications) of the magnetic sensor device of the present invention. 使用後の軸受軌道輪(外輪)の磁束密度分布と磁力線を説明する模式図であり、同図(a)はその正面図、(b)は平面図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the magnetic flux density distribution and the line of magnetic force of the bearing raceway (outer race) after use, wherein FIG. (A) is a front view and (b) is a plan view. 軌道輪の端面から磁束密度を測定した試験(1)における外輪一周に亘って測定した磁束密度分布を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the magnetic flux density distribution measured over the circumference of the outer ring in the test (1) which measured the magnetic flux density from the end face of the raceway. 軌道輪の端面から磁束密度を測定した試験(2)における外輪一周に亘って測定した磁束密度分布を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the magnetic flux density distribution measured over the circumference of the outer ring in the test (2) which measured the magnetic flux density from the end face of the raceway.

以下、本発明に係る磁気センサ装置の一実施形態について、図面を適宜参照しつつ説明する。なお、図面は模式的なものである。そのため、厚みと平面寸法との関係、比率等は現実のものとは異なることに留意すべきであり、図面相互間においても互いの寸法の関係や比率が異なる部分が含まれている。また、以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術的思想を具体化するための装置や方法を例示するものであって、本発明の技術的思想は、構成部品の材質、形状、構造、配置等を下記の実施形態に特定するものではない。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a magnetic sensor device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The drawings are schematic. Therefore, it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the planar dimension, the ratio, and the like are different from the actual ones, and the drawings include portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios. The embodiments described below exemplify an apparatus and a method for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is based on the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of the component parts. Are not specified in the following embodiments.

図1に示すように、本実施形態は、磁気センサ装置10と、制御部4および表示部5とを備える。なお、本実施形態では、機械要素の一例として、転がり軸受を測定対象とした例であり、磁気センサ装置10は、転がり軸受の鋼製軌道輪の軌道面表面層または軌道輪内部の金属組織状態から疲労を診断する例で説明する。
制御部4は、センサ駆動検出回路3を制御するとともに必要な情報を取得可能に構成される。また、表示部5は、感磁プローブ部1の各磁気センサ1A〜Eから取得された信号等の情報を表示可能になっている。なお、この磁気センサ装置10で診断可能な機械要素の一例としての軸受は、強磁性体、常磁性体、反磁性体の何れであっても良い。
As shown in FIG. 1, the present embodiment includes a magnetic sensor device 10, a control unit 4, and a display unit 5. In the present embodiment, as an example of a mechanical element, a rolling bearing is an object to be measured. An example of diagnosing fatigue from will be described.
The control unit 4 is configured to control the sensor drive detection circuit 3 and to acquire necessary information. The display unit 5 is capable of displaying information such as signals acquired from the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1. The bearing as an example of a mechanical element that can be diagnosed by the magnetic sensor device 10 may be any of a ferromagnetic material, a paramagnetic material, and a diamagnetic material.

同図に示すように、本実施形態の磁気センサ装置10は、感磁プローブ部1、基板2およびセンサ駆動検出回路3を有する。本実施形態の感磁プローブ部1は、二つ以上(この例では5個)の磁気センサ1A、1B、1C、1D、1Eを有する。感磁プローブ部1は、本実施形態の例では、可撓性を有する基板2の帯状延在部に沿って一列に限って配置される。センサ駆動検出回路3は、感磁プローブ部1の各磁気センサ1A〜Eを駆動するとともに各磁気センサ1A〜Eからの出力信号を検出可能に構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic sensor device 10 of the present embodiment has a magneto-sensitive probe unit 1, a substrate 2, and a sensor drive detection circuit 3. The magneto-sensitive probe section 1 of the present embodiment has two or more (five in this example) magnetic sensors 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. In the example of the present embodiment, the magneto-sensitive probe units 1 are arranged in a single line along the strip-shaped extending portion of the flexible substrate 2. The sensor drive detection circuit 3 is configured to drive each of the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 and detect an output signal from each of the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E.

各磁気センサ1A、1B、1C、1D、1Eは磁束密度を計測するセンサである。本実施形態の磁気センサ装置10は、磁気センサ1A、1B、1C、1D、1Eとして、磁束密度の高さを示すMIセンサ(Magneto Impedance)を用いている。MIセンサによって3軸方向の磁束密度情報を検出できる。そのため、より精度ある疲労進行の診断が可能となる。
なお、この種の磁気センサは、磁石などの磁気発生手段を搭載していることが通常であるが、本実施形態の磁気センサ装置10においては、機械要素である転がり軸受の鋼製軌道輪自体の疲労部に生じる組織変化が磁束密度の変化を伴うため、磁気発生手段を搭載不要である。
Each of the magnetic sensors 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E is a sensor that measures a magnetic flux density. The magnetic sensor device 10 of the present embodiment uses an MI sensor (Magneto Impedance) that indicates the height of the magnetic flux density as the magnetic sensors 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, and 1E. The magnetic flux density information in three axial directions can be detected by the MI sensor. Therefore, a more accurate diagnosis of fatigue progress can be made.
It is to be noted that this type of magnetic sensor usually includes a magnet generating means such as a magnet. However, in the magnetic sensor device 10 of the present embodiment, the steel raceway itself of the rolling bearing as a mechanical element is used. Since the change in the structure that occurs in the fatigued portion of the steel sheet accompanies the change in the magnetic flux density, it is not necessary to mount the magnetism generating means.

基板2は、磁界への影響が小さい常磁性体製であり、感磁プローブ部1の相対位置が変動しない程度の剛性をもつ可撓性を有する基板によって構成されている。本実施形態の基板2は、転がり軸受20の形状として、例えばハブユニット軸受などにも対応することを想定しており、測定対象となる転がり軸受20の形状に合わせて、適切な位置に感磁プローブ部1の各磁気センサ1A〜1Eが配置されるように、可撓性を有するフレキシブル基板を採用している。基板2はプラスチック製のものを使用することができる。
そのため、感磁プローブ部1は、図2に示すように、必要に応じて屈曲して角度をつけて使用可能である。この例では、基板2をその帯状延在部の基端部の位置で感磁プローブ部1を90°屈曲させて使用する状態のイメージを示している。
The substrate 2 is made of a paramagnetic material having a small influence on the magnetic field, and is made of a flexible substrate having such rigidity that the relative position of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 does not change. The substrate 2 of the present embodiment is assumed to correspond to, for example, a hub unit bearing as the shape of the rolling bearing 20, and is provided with a magnetically sensitive magnet at an appropriate position according to the shape of the rolling bearing 20 to be measured. A flexible substrate having flexibility is adopted so that the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E of the probe unit 1 are arranged. The substrate 2 can be made of plastic.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the magneto-sensitive probe section 1 can be bent and used at an angle as necessary. In this example, an image is shown in which the magneto-sensitive probe section 1 is used by bending the magneto-sensitive probe section 90 at the position of the base end of the strip-shaped extending section.

図3に示すように、磁気センサは軸受の測定に用いることができ、転がり軸受20の負荷圏側に感磁プローブ部1を配置する。転がり軸受20は、負荷圏側において、軌道輪22の軌道面またはその内部の疲労により磁束密度を生じ、磁界分布に変動を生じさせる。その磁束密度強度は、自然に存在する外部磁束密度よりも十分に大きい。
感磁プローブ部1は、当該軌道輪22の軌道面またはその内部の磁束密度変動を検知して、転がり軸受20の軌道面またはその内部の疲労を検出できる。なお、転がり軸受20の疲労部を診断するためには、測定対象となる転がり軸受20の使用前の磁束密度の高さの状態を標準とする。
As shown in FIG. 3, the magnetic sensor can be used for measuring the bearing, and the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 is arranged on the load zone side of the rolling bearing 20. The rolling bearing 20 generates a magnetic flux density due to fatigue of the raceway surface of the raceway ring 22 or the inside thereof on the load zone side, thereby causing a fluctuation in the magnetic field distribution. Its magnetic flux density strength is sufficiently higher than the naturally existing external magnetic flux density.
The magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 can detect a change in the magnetic flux density on the raceway surface of the bearing ring 22 or on the inside thereof, thereby detecting fatigue on the raceway surface of the rolling bearing 20 or on the inside thereof. In order to diagnose the fatigued portion of the rolling bearing 20, the state of the magnetic flux density before use of the rolling bearing 20 to be measured is used as a standard.

ここで、本実施形態の例では、感磁プローブ部1が複数の磁気センサ1A〜Eを一列に有する例を示しているが、基板2上に感磁プローブ部1として配置したときに感磁する磁気センサは一つだけであっても、軌道輪の疲労部に生じる磁束密度の変化を測定可能である。そのため、本実施形態のように、感磁プローブ部1として、必ずしも複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eの全てが軌道面上に配置されている必要はない。   Here, in the example of the present embodiment, an example is shown in which the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 has a plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E in a line. Even if only one magnetic sensor is used, it is possible to measure the change in the magnetic flux density generated in the fatigued portion of the bearing ring. Therefore, as in the present embodiment, all of the plurality of magnetic sensors 1 </ b> A to 1 </ b> E do not necessarily need to be arranged on the track surface as the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1.

また、感磁プローブ部1として、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eを基板2上に配置する場合であっても、全ての磁気センサ1A〜1Eを感磁する磁気センサとして使用する必要はない。つまり、転がり軸受20の測定部に対する複数の感磁プローブ部1の配置位置(基板2の取り付け位置)は、周辺のスペースに合わせて適宜調整可能である。また、感磁プローブ部1から転がり軸受20までの対向距離は、転がり軸受20の残留磁束密度の影響を受けない程度の距離だけ離隔配置することが望ましい。本実施形態での離隔距離は、たとえば2mmとすることができる。   Further, even when a plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E are arranged on the substrate 2 as the magnetic sensing probe unit 1, it is not necessary to use all the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E as magnetic sensors for sensing the magnetic field. That is, the arrangement position of the plurality of magneto-sensitive probe units 1 with respect to the measurement unit of the rolling bearing 20 (the attachment position of the substrate 2) can be appropriately adjusted according to the surrounding space. Further, it is desirable that the opposing distance from the magneto-sensitive probe section 1 to the rolling bearing 20 is separated by a distance that is not affected by the residual magnetic flux density of the rolling bearing 20. The separation distance in the present embodiment can be, for example, 2 mm.

具体的には、例えば図1に示したように、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eを1×5列に配置した感磁プローブ部1の場合、図4(a)に配置例を示すように、転がり軸受20の軌道輪22の測定面幅が狭いときは、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eのうちの一つが、転がり軸受20の測定部に合うように感磁プローブ部1を配置すればよい。これにより、少なくとも一の磁気センサ(同図の例では、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eのうち、中央に位置する磁気センサ1C)により磁束密度の変化を測定可能である。   Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the case of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 in which a plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E are arranged in 1 × 5 rows, as shown in FIG. When the measurement surface width of the bearing ring 22 of the rolling bearing 20 is small, the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 may be arranged so that one of the plurality of magnetic sensors 1 </ b> A to 1 </ b> E matches the measuring unit of the rolling bearing 20. Thereby, the change in the magnetic flux density can be measured by at least one magnetic sensor (in the example of FIG. 1, the magnetic sensor 1C located at the center among the plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E).

また、図4(b)に示すように、転がり軸受20の軌道輪22の測定面に、ある程度の幅がある場合は、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eのうちの複数にて測定を実施し、同じ測定位置の各磁気感磁プローブ部1A〜1Eの測定値を平均化することで、ノイズを低減することもできる。なお、同図の例は、複数の磁気センサ1A〜1Eのうち、5つ総ての磁気センサ1A〜1Eにより測定を行っている例である。
ここで、鋼材のき裂発生検出などの場合、標準となる検体を用意する必要があるが、本実施形態のように、転がり軸受20の軌道輪22の疲労部を診断する場合、転がり軸受20の使用中も品質に変化がない箇所があれば、その位置を磁束密度変化を測定するための標準位置とすることができる。
Further, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the measurement surface of the race 22 of the rolling bearing 20 has a certain width, the measurement is performed by a plurality of the plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E. Noise can be reduced by averaging the measured values of the respective magnetically sensitive probes 1A to 1E at the same measurement position. Note that the example in the figure is an example in which measurement is performed by all five magnetic sensors 1A to 1E among the plurality of magnetic sensors 1A to 1E.
Here, in the case of detecting the occurrence of a crack in a steel material or the like, it is necessary to prepare a standard sample. However, as in the present embodiment, when diagnosing the fatigued portion of the race 22 of the rolling bearing 20, the rolling bearing 20 is used. If there is a portion where there is no change in quality even during use, the position can be used as a standard position for measuring a change in magnetic flux density.

例えば、転がり軸受20の外輪22が固定され、ラジアル方向に荷重がかかるような使用態様の場合、負荷圏の反対側が非負荷圏となる。そのため、図5に磁気センサ付き軸受装置の他の例を示すように、上述した磁気センサ装置10と同様の構成を有する、一対の磁気センサ装置10A,10Bを用意し、各感磁プローブ部1が、いずれか一方の鋼製軌道輪のいずれか一の端面に対して、同じ端面の周方向上で対向する位置に配置するように構成することができる。   For example, in a usage mode in which the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 20 is fixed and a load is applied in the radial direction, the opposite side of the load zone becomes the non-load zone. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, another example of a bearing device with a magnetic sensor, a pair of magnetic sensor devices 10A and 10B having the same configuration as the above-described magnetic sensor device 10 is prepared, and each of the magneto-sensitive probe units 1 is provided. However, it can be configured to be disposed at a position facing the one end face of any one of the steel races in the circumferential direction of the same end face.

つまり、同図に示すように、一対の磁気センサ装置10A,10Bのうち、第1の磁気センサ装置10Aの感磁プローブ部1は、負荷圏の磁束密度を測定するために、鋼製軌道輪の一の端面に対し周方向での負荷圏位置に配置され、第2の磁気センサ装置10Bの感磁プローブ部1は、非負荷圏の磁束密度を測定するために、軌道輪22の一の端面に対し周方向での非負荷圏に配置される。   That is, as shown in the figure, of the pair of magnetic sensor devices 10A and 10B, the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 of the first magnetic sensor device 10A is used to measure the magnetic flux density in the load zone. The magnetic sensing probe unit 1 of the second magnetic sensor device 10B is disposed at a position in the load zone in the circumferential direction with respect to the one end face, and measures the magnetic flux density of the non-load zone. It is located in the non-load zone in the circumferential direction with respect to the end face.

このように、非負荷圏側にも感磁プローブ部1を配置することで、非負荷圏側を標準位置とすることができる。一方で、転がり軸受20の軸受軌道輪全体に負荷がかかる場合、軌道輪全周が疲労するため、使用中の軸受からは標準位置を設定することができない。よって、このような使用態様の場合は、軸受以外の周辺にて磁束密度の変化が起きない場所を標準位置として設定する、もしくは周辺に磁束密度の変化を起こす磁性体などがなければ、空中を標準としてもよい。   By arranging the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 on the non-load zone as well, the non-load zone can be set as the standard position. On the other hand, when a load is applied to the entire bearing ring of the rolling bearing 20, the entire circumference of the bearing ring becomes fatigued, so that the standard position cannot be set from the bearing in use. Therefore, in the case of such a use mode, a place where the magnetic flux density does not change around the bearing is set as a standard position, or if there is no magnetic substance causing the change of the magnetic flux density in the surroundings, the air is used. It may be a standard.

[実施例1]
次に、上記磁気センサ装置10を用いて転がり軸受20を非分解で診断する手順について実施例に基づき説明する。
[Example 1]
Next, a procedure for diagnosing the rolling bearing 20 without disassembly using the magnetic sensor device 10 will be described based on an embodiment.

[疲労試験]
試験条件は、転がり軸受20として自動調心ころ軸受にて、疲労を加速させるために荷重を大きくし、以下の試験(1)および試験(2)を実施した。
疲労試験(1):転動体(ころ)を半数にした試験
疲労試験(2):転動体(ころ)の面を粗くした試験
[Fatigue test]
The test conditions were as follows. The following tests (1) and (2) were carried out by using a self-aligning roller bearing as the rolling bearing 20 and increasing the load in order to accelerate fatigue.
Fatigue test (1): Test with half of rolling elements (rollers) Fatigue test (2): Test with roughened surfaces of rolling elements (rollers)

疲労試験の後、まず、対象となる転がり軸受20が組み込まれた設備ないし装置から当該転がり軸受20を取り外した。次いで、当該転がり軸受20を各構成部品(外輪22、内輪21、転動体23)に分解した。疲労試験を実施した結果、疲労試験(1)の条件では、負荷圏軌道面には摩耗や変色が生じていた。
本実施例では、転がり軸受20の機能評価を完了した自動調心ころ軸受の外輪22にて磁束密度の測定を実施した。評価完了後の転がり軸受20を、外輪22、内輪21、転動体23に分解し、測定対象として外輪22単体を準備した。
After the fatigue test, first, the rolling bearing 20 was removed from the equipment or apparatus in which the rolling bearing 20 to be mounted was incorporated. Next, the rolling bearing 20 was disassembled into respective components (the outer ring 22, the inner ring 21, and the rolling elements 23). As a result of the fatigue test, under the conditions of the fatigue test (1), wear and discoloration occurred on the raceway surface of the load zone.
In the present embodiment, the measurement of the magnetic flux density was performed on the outer ring 22 of the self-aligning roller bearing in which the function evaluation of the rolling bearing 20 was completed. The rolling bearing 20 after the completion of the evaluation was disassembled into an outer ring 22, an inner ring 21, and a rolling element 23, and an outer ring 22 alone was prepared as a measurement target.

次いで、このように損傷レベルの異なる自動調心ころ軸受に対して、上記磁気センサ装置10を用い、負荷圏に位置した軌道面の磁束密度の測定を実施した。この例では、上述の感磁プローブ部1により、転がり軸受20の外輪22の磁極の方向およびその強さを測定した。なお、感磁プローブ部1の各磁気センサ1A〜1Eは、3軸方向の磁束密度を捕えることできるが、本実施例の測定結果は、測定面に対して垂直方向の磁束密度を示す。   Next, the magnetic sensor device 10 was used to measure the magnetic flux density of the raceway surface located in the load zone for the spherical roller bearings having different damage levels. In this example, the direction and strength of the magnetic poles of the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 20 were measured by the above-described magneto-sensitive probe unit 1. Each of the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E of the magneto-sensitive probe section 1 can detect the magnetic flux density in three axial directions, but the measurement result of the present embodiment indicates the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the measurement surface.

負荷圏、非負荷圏が存在する外輪22の磁束密度を軌道面の端面から測定した。この例では、感磁プローブ部1を軌道面の端面に接触させて一周に亘って測定を行った(感磁プローブ部1を固定した状態で軸受軌道輪を一周回する。)。得られた一周分の磁束密度分布から、当該転がり軸受20の外輪22が疲労しているか否かを判定した。なお、試験完了後の磁束密度特性を測定するため、測定前には脱磁や着磁を行ってはならない。   The magnetic flux density of the outer ring 22 having the load zone and the non-load zone was measured from the end face of the raceway surface. In this example, the magneto-sensitive probe 1 was brought into contact with the end face of the raceway surface, and the measurement was performed over one circumference (the bearing raceway is rotated once while the magneto-sensitive probe 1 is fixed). From the obtained magnetic flux density distribution for one round, it was determined whether or not the outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 20 was fatigued. In order to measure the magnetic flux density characteristics after the test is completed, demagnetization or magnetization should not be performed before the measurement.

ここで、軌道輪22は、負荷圏の軌道面が転動体23の荷重を繰り返し受けるため、時間の経過とともに疲労が進行(つまり材料組織が変化)する。具体的には、残留オーステナイト(非磁性層)の分解および、マルテンサイト組織のひずみの緩和(磁壁移動が容易になる)が生じる。
なお、軸受を一周測定せずに、負荷圏、非負荷圏に感磁プローブ部1を軸受端面(側面)に接触(あるいは近接)させ、それぞれの値を比較してもよい。本実施例においては、部品単体の状態にて、一周全体の磁束密度を把握するために、感磁プローブ部1の一つの磁気センサにて一周に亘って測定している。
Here, since the raceway surface of the bearing ring 22 repeatedly receives the load of the rolling elements 23, the fatigue progresses (that is, the material structure changes) with the passage of time. Specifically, decomposition of the retained austenite (nonmagnetic layer) and relaxation of the martensitic structure (to facilitate domain wall movement) occur.
Note that the magnetic sensing probe unit 1 may be brought into contact with (or close to) the bearing end surface (side surface) in the load zone and the non-load zone without measuring the bearing one round, and the respective values may be compared. In this embodiment, in order to grasp the magnetic flux density of the whole circumference in the state of the component alone, measurement is performed over one circumference by one magnetic sensor of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1.

軸受一周の磁束密度変化のイメージを図6に示す。負荷圏の軌道面には、その他の部位と比較して強いS極N極が生じるため、同図に示すような磁力線が生じている。なお、軌道面だけに限らず、外周面側にも磁力線が現われるため、軌道輪22の外周面からも同様の測定が可能である。さらに、図6(a)においてA側から軸受を見たイメージが同図(b)であるが、同図(b)に示すように、磁力線は軌道輪の端面にも発生しているため、軌道面に限らず軌道輪の端面からも測定が可能である。
測定の際は、軌道輪22の端面中央部に対向する位置に治具を用いて感磁プローブ部1を固定し、軸受の軌道輪22自体を回して測定を行った負荷圏の軌道面中央位置を180°とし、その対面の非負荷圏の軌道面中央位置を0°とする。
FIG. 6 shows an image of a change in magnetic flux density around the bearing. Since the S and N poles are stronger on the raceway surface of the load zone than on other parts, the lines of magnetic force shown in FIG. Since lines of magnetic force appear not only on the raceway surface but also on the outer peripheral surface side, the same measurement can be performed from the outer peripheral surface of the bearing ring 22. Further, FIG. 6 (b) is an image of the bearing viewed from the side A in FIG. 6 (a). As shown in FIG. 6 (b), since the magnetic force lines are also generated on the end face of the bearing ring, The measurement is possible not only from the raceway surface but also from the end surface of the raceway.
At the time of measurement, the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 is fixed using a jig at a position facing the center of the end face of the raceway 22, and the raceway 22 itself of the bearing is turned to measure the center of the raceway surface of the load zone. The position is set to 180 °, and the center position of the orbital surface of the non-load zone facing the position is set to 0 °.

実際に軌道輪の端面にて端面に感磁プローブ部1を接触させて測定した結果を図7および図8に示す。図7および図8では、負荷圏を180°の位置とし、その対面から測定を開始した結果となっている。
図7に示すように、疲労試験(1)の結果、負荷圏の軌道面の磁束密度が変化している。非負荷圏の軌道面と比較して、負荷圏の軌道面において磁束密度の変化が認められる。また、図8に示すように、疲労試験(2)の結果、疲労試験(1)と同様に負荷圏の軌道面にて磁束密度の変化が認められるが、疲労試験(2)よりも大きな磁束密度の変化となっている。
FIGS. 7 and 8 show the results of measurement in which the magneto-sensitive probe section 1 was actually brought into contact with the end face of the raceway ring. FIGS. 7 and 8 show a result in which the load zone is set at a position of 180 ° and measurement is started from the opposite side.
As shown in FIG. 7, as a result of the fatigue test (1), the magnetic flux density on the raceway surface of the load zone has changed. A change in magnetic flux density is observed on the track surface of the load zone as compared with the track surface of the non-load zone. As shown in FIG. 8, as a result of the fatigue test (2), a change in the magnetic flux density is recognized on the raceway surface of the load zone as in the fatigue test (1), but the magnetic flux density is larger than that in the fatigue test (2). The density has changed.

疲労試験(2)の外輪軌道面には摩耗、変色が認められることから、外輪22と転動体23とで疲労試験(1)よりも接触が多くあった。そのため、金属同士の接触は、疲労による材料変化よりも大きな磁束密度変化が生じさせ、測定値として大きく現われる。軌道輪の端面から疲労部を捕えるだけでなく、その損傷程度も把握可能である。
このように、本実施形態の磁気センサ装置10によれば、感磁プローブ部1が、二つ以上の磁気センサ1A〜1Eを一列に限って有するので、非分解状態の転がり軸受20の軌道輪22の外端面または外周面から、軌道輪22の磁束密度を感磁プローブ部1の磁気センサ1A〜1Eで容易に測定できる。
Since wear and discoloration were observed on the outer raceway surface of the fatigue test (2), there was more contact between the outer race 22 and the rolling elements 23 than in the fatigue test (1). Therefore, contact between metals causes a change in magnetic flux density greater than a change in material due to fatigue, and appears as a large measured value. It is possible to not only catch the fatigued part from the end face of the bearing ring, but also to grasp the degree of damage.
As described above, according to the magnetic sensor device 10 of the present embodiment, since the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 includes only two or more magnetic sensors 1A to 1E in one row, the race of the rolling bearing 20 in the non-disassembled state. The magnetic flux density of the bearing ring 22 can be easily measured by the magnetic sensors 1A to 1E of the magneto-sensitive probe unit 1 from the outer end surface or the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic ring 22.

そのため、転がり軸受20の軌道面を非破壊に、また、転がり軸受20を非分解で診断でき、磁束密度を捕えることで、転がり軸受20の疲労部を検出できる。また、疲労部だけでなく摩耗などの損傷部も検出できる。さらに、転がり軸受20の破損前に疲労状態を把握できる。
また、本実施形態の磁気センサ装置10によれば、転がり軸受20の破損前に軸受の状態を把握できるため、例えば、磁束密度情報に対応する磁束密度の値に閾値を設け、該閾値と、取得された軌道輪の磁束密度の値とを比較して、転がり軸受の疲労状態を判定することで、軸受を定期的に交換するなど、効率的かつ安全に装置を稼動できる。
Therefore, the raceway surface of the rolling bearing 20 can be diagnosed in a non-destructive manner, and the rolling bearing 20 can be diagnosed in a non-decomposed manner. By capturing the magnetic flux density, a fatigued portion of the rolling bearing 20 can be detected. Further, not only a fatigued part but also a damaged part such as abrasion can be detected. Further, the fatigue state can be grasped before the rolling bearing 20 is damaged.
Further, according to the magnetic sensor device 10 of the present embodiment, since the state of the bearing can be grasped before the rolling bearing 20 is damaged, for example, a threshold value is provided for the value of the magnetic flux density corresponding to the magnetic flux density information, By comparing the obtained value of the magnetic flux density of the bearing ring with the fatigue state of the rolling bearing, the device can be operated efficiently and safely, for example, by periodically replacing the bearing.

なお、本発明に係る磁気センサ装置は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しなければ種々の変形が可能である。
例えば、上記実施形態では、負荷圏とその他の部位との相対比較となるため、必ずしも軌道面を一周させる必要はなく、例えば、負荷圏とその対面の非負荷圏とを比較するだけでもよい。また、負荷圏の変化を捕らえられる手法であれば、対比する対象が非負荷圏でなくともよい。
The magnetic sensor device according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, since a relative comparison is made between the load zone and other parts, it is not always necessary to make a full circle around the track surface. For example, the load zone may be compared with a non-load zone facing the load zone. Also, as long as the change in the load zone can be captured, the object to be compared may not be the non-load zone.

また、例えば、上記実施形態では、機械要素の一例として、軸受を測定対象とする例で説明したが、本発明に係る磁気センサ装置は、これに限定されず、その作用機序からも明らかなように、「機械要素自体の磁束密度の変化に基づいて、当該機械要素の疲労状態を診断」可能であるから、強磁性体または常磁性体製の種々の機械要素の診断に適用可能であることは勿論である。   Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which a bearing is a measurement target is described as an example of a mechanical element. However, the magnetic sensor device according to the present invention is not limited to this, and is apparent from the mechanism of action. As described above, since it is possible to “diagnose the fatigue state of the mechanical element based on the change in the magnetic flux density of the mechanical element itself”, the present invention is applicable to diagnosis of various mechanical elements made of a ferromagnetic material or a paramagnetic material. Of course.

1 感磁プローブ部
1A、1B、1C、1D、1E 磁気センサ
2 基板
3 センサ駆動検出回路
4 制御部
5 表示部
6 信号線
10 磁気センサ装置
20 転がり軸受(機械要素)
21 内輪(軌道輪)
22 外輪(軌道輪)
23 転動体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Magnetic sensing probe part 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E Magnetic sensor 2 Substrate 3 Sensor drive detection circuit 4 Control part 5 Display part 6 Signal line 10 Magnetic sensor device 20 Rolling bearing (mechanical element)
21 Inner ring (track ring)
22 Outer ring (track ring)
23 rolling elements

Claims (2)

二つ以上の磁気センサを一列に限って有する感磁プローブ部と、
該感磁プローブ部の各磁気センサを駆動するとともに各磁気センサからの出力信号を検出可能に構成されたセンサ駆動検出回路と、
前記感磁プローブ部および前記センサ駆動検出回路を搭載する基板と、
を備えることを特徴とする磁気センサ装置。
A magneto-sensitive probe unit having only two or more magnetic sensors in a row,
A sensor drive detection circuit configured to drive each magnetic sensor of the magneto-sensitive probe unit and detect an output signal from each magnetic sensor;
A substrate on which the magneto-sensitive probe unit and the sensor drive detection circuit are mounted;
A magnetic sensor device comprising:
前記基板は、少なくとも前記感磁プローブ部を搭載する部分に可撓性を有する請求項1に記載の磁気センサ装置。   The magnetic sensor device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has flexibility at least in a portion where the magneto-sensitive probe unit is mounted.
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