JP2020018252A - Continuous superheated steam processing device - Google Patents
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本発明は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)による加熱・殺菌(ブランチング)、乾燥及び冷却(酸化防止)の各処理を連続的に実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、植物を、アクアガス、過熱水蒸気及び冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)を用いて、低侵襲的に加熱・殺菌(ブランチング)、乾燥及び冷却(酸化防止)処理することによって、植物の抗酸化成分の減耗抑制と変・退色の抑制及び一般生菌数の低減並びに効率的な水分の蒸発を図ることを可能とした連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に関するものである。 The present invention provides a continuous superheated steam for continuously performing each of heating, sterilization (branching), drying and cooling (antioxidation) treatments using aqua gas, superheated steam, and cooling gas (such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas). More particularly, the present invention relates to a treatment apparatus, and more specifically, heat and sterilize (branching), dry and cool (oxidize) plants in a minimally invasive manner using aqua gas, superheated steam and cooling gas (such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas). Prevention) A continuous superheated steam treatment system that can suppress the depletion of plant antioxidant components, suppress discoloration and discoloration, reduce the number of general viable bacteria, and efficiently evaporate water by treating. It is.
近年、食材・食品の機能性や安全性などに関する消費者の関心が高い状況となっている。しかし、その原料となる植物や葉物農産物の収穫時期は限られており、特に品質劣化が早い葉物原料を長期保存する乾燥技術について、種々検討されている。これらの収穫直後の葉物原料を、品質を損なわないで、1次加工処理を行い、長期貯蔵を行い、通年的に原料として供給するシステムを確立できれば、収穫期に左右されないで、特に、植物や葉物農産物の安定的な供給が可能となると考えられる。 In recent years, there has been a situation in which consumers are interested in functionality and safety of foods and foods. However, the harvest time of the plant or leaf agricultural product used as the raw material is limited, and in particular, various drying techniques for long-term preservation of the leaf raw material with rapid deterioration in quality have been studied. If we can establish a system to supply these raw materials immediately after harvesting without loss of quality, perform primary processing, store them for a long time, and supply them as raw materials year-round, we will not be affected by the harvest season, especially plants. And the stable supply of leafy agricultural products.
しかし、現実には、葉物原料の長期貯蔵技術や、通年的に食材として供給することを可能とする価格性能比の高い実用的・汎用的な技術は未だ十分に確立されておらず、植物や葉物農産物の鮮度や機能性を損なわずに、妥当な価格で、安定的に消費者に供給することは困難な状況となっている。 However, in practice, long-term storage technology for leaf materials and practical and general-purpose technologies with a high price-performance ratio that can be supplied as food throughout the year have not yet been fully established. It has been difficult to provide consumers with stable prices at reasonable prices without sacrificing the freshness or functionality of leaf and leaf agricultural products.
季節性の高い植物や農産物の通年利用については、生の原料では、貯蔵中の品質の劣化の問題があり、更に、従来の乾燥方法では、生の原料と比べて、価格的にも高コストで、成分的にも劣る、通風乾燥、凍結乾燥、減圧乾燥や過熱水蒸気乾燥などによる乾燥原料を使用する以外には、十分に利用できない状況にあり、特に、葉物原料の端境期には、輸入植物や農産物を使用せざるを得ない状況にある。 For the year-round use of seasonal plants and agricultural products, raw materials have a problem of quality deterioration during storage, and the conventional drying method has a higher cost than raw materials. However, it cannot be fully utilized except for the use of dry raw materials such as ventilation drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying and superheated steam drying, which are inferior in ingredients. They are forced to use plants and agricultural products.
他方、過熱水蒸気加熱は、高温高圧で、高カロリーで、しかも、熱エネルギー的に準安定な乾燥水蒸気を利用できるため、例えば、食品の調理手段、食品の調理設備などとして、広くその応用技術が提案されている(特許文献1〜2)。農産物の乾燥法としては、上記の通風乾燥、凍結乾燥、減圧乾燥や、過熱水蒸気乾燥などが用いられている。 On the other hand, superheated steam heating uses high-temperature, high-pressure, high-calorie, and metastable dry steam in terms of thermal energy, so that its application technology is widely used as, for example, food cooking means and food cooking equipment. It has been proposed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). As a method for drying agricultural products, the above-mentioned ventilation drying, freeze drying, drying under reduced pressure, and superheated steam drying are used.
一方、先行技術として、アクアガスによる加熱・殺菌・乾燥方法が開発、報告されている。すなわち、このアクアガス加熱技術については、過熱水蒸気加熱技術を応用した高品質調理、食材加工システムとして、これまでに、高圧下で水を沸騰させ、高温微細水滴と過熱水蒸気をノズルから混合して噴霧することにより発生させる新しい加熱媒体(過熱水蒸気+微細水滴)の発生方法と該加熱媒体による農産物のフード供給システムが開発されている(特許文献3)。 On the other hand, a heating, sterilization and drying method using aqua gas has been developed and reported as prior art. In other words, as for this aqua gas heating technology, as a high-quality cooking and food processing system applying superheated steam heating technology, water has been boiled under high pressure, and high-temperature fine water droplets and superheated steam are mixed and sprayed from a nozzle. A method for generating a new heating medium (superheated steam + fine water droplets) generated by the heating and a food supply system for agricultural products using the heating medium have been developed (Patent Document 3).
このアクアガスは、優れた加熱特性を有することから、調理前の生鮮野菜の表面殺菌処理やジャガイモなどの加工食材の酵素失活や澱粉のα化処理などにおいて、既存の湿熱加熱(茹で、蒸し)や、乾熱加熱(オーブン)の何れよりも、品質の面や殺菌効果の面でも優れていることから、その利用方法が提案され、一部、実用化されている。 Because this aqua gas has excellent heating characteristics, it can be used for existing wet heat heating (boiling and steaming) in the surface sterilization of fresh vegetables before cooking, enzyme inactivation of processed foods such as potatoes, and gelatinization of starch. Further, since it is superior in both quality and sterilization effect than any of dry heat heating (oven), a method of using it has been proposed and partially put to practical use.
アクアガスは、乾燥用の加熱媒体としては、過熱水蒸気よりも乾燥速度は遅く、効率の面からも今まで余り検討をされてこなかった。しかし、近年、高い機能性を有した農産物の加工素材として、乾燥素材としての割合が増えることで、機能性成分の保持や、劣化抑制のための新しい乾燥法が求められる傾向となってきた。 Aqua gas, as a heating medium for drying, has a lower drying rate than superheated steam, and has not been studied so far in terms of efficiency. However, in recent years, as the ratio of processed materials of agricultural products having high functionality as dry materials has increased, a new drying method for retaining functional components and suppressing deterioration has been required.
一般に、凍結乾燥法が、このような熱劣化の抑制を可能にした乾燥法としてよく知られているが、装置コストが高く、更に処理時間も長く、そのことが、冷凍乾燥処理後の食品素材のコスト高を誘引している。そこで、当技術分野においては、凍結乾燥法よりも安価で、効率的に乾燥を行うことができ、従来法よりも、乾燥素材としての品質が優れた製品を調製できる新しい処理技術の開発が強く要請されている。 In general, the freeze-drying method is well known as a drying method capable of suppressing such thermal deterioration, but the equipment cost is high and the processing time is long, which is the food material after the freeze-drying processing. Has led to higher costs. Therefore, in the technical field, the development of a new processing technology that can dry efficiently and is cheaper than the freeze-drying method and that can prepare a product having a superior quality as a dry material is stronger than the conventional method. Has been requested.
従来の乾燥処理において、脂溶性の機能性物質などを多く含む植物や葉物農産物の乾燥については、加熱時に生じる酸化による油脂成分や脂質含有素材の劣化については、これらが機能性成分の場合には、特に植物や葉物農産物の乾燥処理には用いることができないこと、また、減圧乾燥や、凍結乾燥については、コスト高や、処理時間などの経済的課題があること、また、最近は、過熱水蒸気による乾燥処理も試みられているが、安定的な過熱水蒸気の温度域(概ね150℃以上)では、低酸素状態であるが、温度自身高いこともあり、短時間処理でも熱劣化による品質や色、香りといった面での嗜好性も低下する傾向があること、などの問題点があり、その解決が求められていた。 In the conventional drying treatment, when drying plants and leafy agricultural products that contain a large amount of fat-soluble functional substances, etc., regarding the deterioration of fats and oils components and lipid-containing materials due to oxidation caused by heating, when these are functional components, Can not be used especially for the drying treatment of plants and leafy agricultural products, and vacuum drying and freeze drying have high costs and economic problems such as processing time, and recently, Drying treatment with superheated steam has also been attempted, but in a stable superheated steam temperature range (approximately 150 ° C. or higher), the oxygen content is low, but the temperature itself is high. There is a problem that the palatability in terms of color, fragrance and the like tends to decrease, and a solution has been required.
このような状況の中で、本発明者らは、上記従来技術に鑑みて、植物や葉物農産物を通年的に素材として供給するシステムを確立することを目標として鋭意研究を積み重ねた結果、旬の植物などの植物素材を、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理を実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を用いて低侵襲的に加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却処理することによって、植物に含まれる抗酸化成分の減耗抑制と、変・退色の抑制及び一般生菌数の低減並びに効率的な水分の蒸発を図ることが可能であり、長期間保存性及びその保存安定性などの優位性を付与した乾燥素材として、通年的に供給することが実現できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 Under these circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies with the aim of establishing a system for supplying plants and leafy agricultural products as raw materials annually, in view of the above-described conventional technology, and as a result, Plant materials such as plants are treated with aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas using a continuous superheated steam treatment device to perform heating, sterilization, drying, and cooling treatments in a minimally invasive manner. It is possible to suppress the consumption of antioxidant components, suppress discoloration and discoloration, reduce the number of general viable bacteria, and efficiently evaporate water, and have advantages such as long-term storage and storage stability. The present inventors have found that it can be supplied year-round as a dry material provided with, and have completed the present invention.
本発明は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理を実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を用いて、植物に旬の高品質維持などの優位性を付与して、その常温保存と常温輸送を可能とする、高品質の加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)植物を提供することを目的とするものである。また、本発明は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理を実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を用いて、高い歩留まり、長期間保存性及びその保存安定性などの優位性を付与した抗酸化成分高含有乾燥素材を製造し、供給することを可能とする、植物や葉物農産物の新しい加工処理手段を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention uses a continuous superheated steam treatment device for performing each treatment with aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas, giving the plant superiority such as maintaining high quality in season, and preserving the plant at room temperature and room temperature. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-quality heating / sterilizing, drying, and cooling (antioxidant) plant that can be transported. In addition, the present invention provides advantages such as high yield, long-term preservability, and preservation stability by using a continuous superheated steam processing device for performing each process using aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new processing means for plants and leafy agricultural products, which makes it possible to produce and supply a dry material having a high antioxidant content.
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成されるものである。
(1)アクアガス(過熱水蒸気+微細水滴)−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる加熱・殺菌−乾燥−酸化防止の各処理を実行するための、コンベア搬送タイプの連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置であって、
一端側の試料入口と他端側の試料出口に渡って連通したアクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理室の雰囲気を局所的に変更する機能を備え、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの各雰囲気が連続的であり、かつこれらの各処理室の雰囲気が無(低)酸素状態で外気に曝露されず連続しており、アクアガス処理、過熱水蒸気処理及び冷却(酸化防止)処理の複数の処理を任意に実行できるようにしたことを特徴とする前記連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置。
(2)前段の処理室をアクアガス(過熱水蒸気+微細水滴)雰囲気とし、その後段の処理室を過熱水蒸気雰囲気とし、前段処理室のアクアガスによる加熱・殺菌(ブランチング)工程と、後段処理室の過熱水蒸気による加熱乾燥及び/又は焼成工程を実行できるようにした、前記(1)に記載の装置。
(3)過熱水蒸気による乾燥処理工程の後段に、冷却による酸化防止処理を実行する冷却処理室を備えた、前記(1)又は(2)に記載の装置。
(4)窒素ガス又は炭酸ガス雰囲気下で、冷却処理を実施する、前記(1)又は(3)に記載の装置。
(5)アクアガス−過熱水蒸気雰囲気の境界に、過熱水蒸気を用いたエアカーテンを備えた、前記(1)又は(2)に記載の装置。
The present invention for solving the above problems is constituted by the following technical means.
(1) A continuous conveyor-type superheated steam treatment apparatus of a conveyer type for executing each processing of aqua gas (superheated steam + fine water droplets)-superheated steam-heating and sterilization by a cooling gas-drying-oxidation prevention,
It has a function to locally change the atmosphere of each processing chamber by aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas communicating between the sample inlet on one end side and the sample outlet on the other end, and each atmosphere of aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas Is continuous, and the atmosphere in each of these processing chambers is continuous without being exposed to the outside air in an oxygen-free (low) state, and a plurality of processings of aqua gas processing, superheated steam processing and cooling (antioxidation) processing are performed. The continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus, which can be arbitrarily executed.
(2) The pre-processing chamber is set to an aqua gas (superheated steam + fine water droplet) atmosphere, the subsequent processing chamber is set to a super-heated steam atmosphere, and a heating / sterilizing (branching) process using an aqua gas in the pre-processing chamber and a post-processing chamber The apparatus according to the above (1), wherein a heating drying and / or a baking step using superheated steam can be performed.
(3) The apparatus according to the above (1) or (2), further comprising a cooling treatment chamber for performing an oxidation prevention treatment by cooling, after the drying treatment step using superheated steam.
(4) The apparatus according to (1) or (3), wherein the cooling treatment is performed in a nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas atmosphere.
(5) The apparatus according to (1) or (2), further comprising an air curtain using superheated steam at a boundary between the aqua gas and the superheated steam atmosphere.
次に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明は、植物や葉菜などの植物素材を、速やかに、アクアガス処理室(アクアガス槽)−過熱水蒸気処理室(過熱水蒸気槽)−冷却処理室(冷却槽)の各処理室を具備した連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置で、低侵襲的、且つ迅速に加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)処理して、抗酸化成分の減耗抑制と、変・退色の抑制及び一般生菌数の低減並びに効率的な水分蒸発を図って、水分含有率10%以下の、常温安定性が高く、長期間の常温保存が可能な、抗酸化成分高含有の加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)植物や葉菜を供給することを特徴とするものである。
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the present invention, a plant material such as a plant or a leafy vegetable can be quickly converted into a continuous gas having respective processing chambers of an aqua gas processing chamber (aqua gas tank), a superheated steam processing chamber (superheated steam tank), and a cooling processing chamber (cooling tank). Low heat and sterilization, drying and cooling (anti-oxidation) treatment with low-invasive and rapid treatment by a superheated steam treatment device to suppress the depletion of antioxidant components, suppress discoloration and fading, and reduce the number of general viable bacteria. Heating / sterilizing, drying, cooling (antioxidant) plant with high antioxidant content, with high moisture stability, high stability at normal temperature and long-term storage at normal temperature It is characterized by supplying greens and leafy vegetables.
本発明は、加熱効率が高く、高品質の食材加熱加工が可能な、前記連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を用いた植物や葉物農産物の乾燥技術に関するものであり、機能性成分の存在を認めた植物や葉物農産物などの高付加価値乾燥素材の製造に関わるものであり、既存の通風乾燥や、一般的な過熱水蒸気による乾燥に比べて、酸化劣化などを抑制して、機能性成分やその活性を保持することを可能とするものであり、これらの乾燥処理後に、粉末化素材などとして、機能性食品などへの利用、加工を可能とするものである。 The present invention relates to a technology for drying plants and leaf agricultural products using the continuous superheated steam treatment device, which has a high heating efficiency and is capable of high-quality food heating, and has confirmed the presence of functional components. It is concerned with the production of high-value-added dry materials such as plants and leafy agricultural products.Compared to existing ventilation drying and drying using general superheated steam, it suppresses oxidative deterioration and reduces It enables the activity to be maintained, and after these drying treatments, it can be used as a powdered material or the like for functional foods and processed.
本発明者らは、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理を実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を用いた植物素材の乾燥処理を試みたところ、利用する農産物の種類や形状によっては、それほど、過熱水蒸気と変わらない時間で、品質的に優れた乾燥素材を調製できることが明らかになり、更に、植物や葉物農産物中の脂質成分や抗酸化成分の劣化が抑制されることや、色などについても、変色や退色が抑えられることが明らかになった。 The present inventors have tried drying treatment of plant material using a continuous superheated steam treatment device for performing each treatment with aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas, depending on the type and shape of the agricultural product to be used, It is clear that it is possible to prepare dried materials with excellent quality in the same time as superheated steam, and furthermore, the deterioration of lipid components and antioxidant components in plant and leaf agricultural products is suppressed, It was also found that discoloration and fading can be suppressed.
本発明で使用する過熱水蒸気槽としては、公知の通常の過熱水蒸気生成装置が例示されるが、これに限らず、例えば、蒸気生成装置が第1の過熱水蒸気生成装置と、第2の過熱水蒸気生成装置を備え、第1の過熱水蒸気生成装置により生成された100℃より高く、250℃以下の高温の過熱水蒸気が第2の過熱水蒸気生成装置により更に加熱され、250℃より高く、500℃以下の超高温の過熱水蒸気が生成され、これにより、通常の装置に比べて過熱水蒸気の温度を上げることができ、調理時間の短縮を図ることができる。 Examples of the superheated steam tank used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, a known ordinary superheated steam generator. For example, the superheated steam generator may include a first superheated steam generator, a second superheated steam generator, and a second superheated steam generator. A high-temperature superheated steam having a temperature higher than 100 ° C. and not higher than 250 ° C. generated by the first superheated steam generator is further heated by the second superheated steam generator, and higher than 250 ° C. and not higher than 500 ° C. Is generated, whereby the temperature of the superheated steam can be increased as compared with a normal apparatus, and the cooking time can be shortened.
前記過熱水蒸気生成装置として、例えば、試料を収容して加熱する試料加熱室と、過熱水蒸気を生成する過熱水蒸気生成装置と、前記過熱水蒸気を前記試料加熱室に導入する給気ダクトと、を備え、前記過熱水蒸気生成装置は、水を加熱して前記過熱水蒸気を生成する過熱水蒸気生成装置と、前記過熱水蒸気生成装置が生成した前記過熱水蒸気を加熱する第1の加熱部を有する第1の過熱水蒸気生成装置と、前記第1の過熱水蒸気生成装置を通過した前記過熱水蒸気を加熱する第2の加熱部を有する第2の過熱水蒸気生成装置と、を備え、前記第1の加熱部と前記第2の加熱部とが、独立して制御可能である過熱水蒸気生成装置が例示される。 The superheated steam generator includes, for example, a sample heating chamber for housing and heating a sample, a superheated steam generator for generating superheated steam, and an air supply duct for introducing the superheated steam into the sample heated chamber. A first superheat having a superheated steam generator that heats water to generate the superheated steam, and a first heating unit that heats the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator. A steam generator, and a second superheated steam generator having a second heating unit that heats the superheated steam that has passed through the first superheated steam generator, wherein the first heating unit and the second An example of a superheated steam generator in which the two heating units can be controlled independently is exemplified.
本発明で使用するボイラー蒸気による過熱水蒸気発生器を備えた過熱水蒸気槽として、前記タイプの適宜の過熱水蒸気生成装置を備えた適宜の過熱水蒸気処理装置を使用することが可能であり、過熱水蒸気処理装置の形状及び構造についても特に制限されるものではなく、通常のボイラー蒸気による過熱水蒸気発生器を備えた通常の過熱水蒸気槽であれば、任意に改良した適宜の装置を使用することができる。 As a superheated steam tank provided with a superheated steam generator by boiler steam used in the present invention, it is possible to use an appropriate superheated steam treatment device having an appropriate superheated steam generation device of the above-described type. There is no particular limitation on the shape and structure of the device, and any device that has been arbitrarily improved can be used as long as it is a normal superheated steam tank provided with a superheated steam generator using normal boiler steam.
本発明の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に配設する過熱水蒸気処理室(過熱水蒸気槽)としては、例えば、コンベア搬送タイプの過熱水蒸気オーブンを使用することができ、アクアガス処理室(アクアガス槽)としては、例えば、アクアガス(過熱水蒸気や微細水滴)オーブンを使用することができ、冷却処理室(冷却槽)としては、冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)で冷却する冷却手段を備えた処理室であれば、適宜使用することができる。 As the superheated steam processing chamber (superheated steam tank) provided in the continuous superheated steam processing apparatus of the present invention, for example, a conveyor-conveying type superheated steam oven can be used, and as the aqua gas processing chamber (aqua gas tank), For example, an aqua gas (superheated steam or fine water droplet) oven can be used, and the cooling processing chamber (cooling tank) is a processing chamber provided with cooling means for cooling with a cooling gas (nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas). If so, it can be used as appropriate.
一般に、コンベア搬送タイプの過熱水蒸気オーブンとしては、例えば、試料を搬送するコンベアと、該コンベアによって搬送される試料に上下から過熱水蒸気を噴出する上ノズル部及び下ノズル部と、コンベアの入口部及び出口部を除く部分及び前記上ノズル部及び下ノズル部を覆い、周囲が断熱材で覆われた高温加熱室とを有し、前記上ノズル部及び下ノズル部の蒸気噴射部が、搬送される試料の上下面全部に蒸気を直接噴射することを特徴とする過熱水蒸気を用いたオーブンが汎用されている。 Generally, as a conveyor transport type superheated steam oven, for example, a conveyor for transporting a sample, an upper nozzle portion and a lower nozzle portion for ejecting superheated steam from above and below the sample transported by the conveyor, and an inlet portion of the conveyor and A high-temperature heating chamber that covers a portion excluding an outlet portion and the upper nozzle portion and the lower nozzle portion, and has a high-temperature heating chamber whose periphery is covered with a heat insulating material, and the steam injection portions of the upper nozzle portion and the lower nozzle portion are conveyed; An oven using superheated steam, which is characterized by directly injecting steam onto the entire upper and lower surfaces of a sample, is widely used.
本発明では、好適には、前記コンベア搬送タイプの過熱水蒸気オーブン又はそれに適宜の改良を加えた過熱水蒸気オーブンであれば、これらに、アクアガス処理室(アクアガス槽)と冷却処理室(冷却槽)を配設した適宜の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置を使用することができる。前記アクアガス処理室には、アクアガス発生器を配設し、過熱水蒸気処理室には、ボイラー蒸気を用いた過熱水蒸気発生器を配設し、冷却処理室には、液化炭酸ガスを用いた冷却手段を配設するが、本発明では、前記アクアガス発生器、過熱水蒸気発生器及び冷却手段は、公知の装置を適宜使用することができる。 In the present invention, preferably, the conveyor-conveying-type superheated steam oven or a superheated steam oven obtained by appropriately improving the conveyor gas-heated oven includes an aqua gas processing chamber (aqua gas tank) and a cooling processing chamber (cooling tank). Appropriate continuous superheated steam treatment equipment provided can be used. The aqua gas processing chamber is provided with an aqua gas generator, the superheated steam processing chamber is provided with a superheated steam generator using boiler steam, and the cooling processing chamber is provided with cooling means using liquefied carbon dioxide gas. In the present invention, known devices can be appropriately used for the aqua gas generator, the superheated steam generator and the cooling means.
本発明の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置において、アクアガス(過熱水蒸気+微細水滴)、過熱水蒸気、冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)の各雰囲気は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気、過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの雰囲気の境目で接することになり、境界での雰囲気の変化は連続的となるが、試料への加熱強度(温度、時間)を定量化するためには雰囲気の変化は可能な限り速やかに行われるのが望ましい。そのために、本発明では、一実施の態様として、例えば、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気雰囲気境界において、仕切版を設置し、雰囲気間でのガス対流が制限されるようにする必要がある。仕切版は、処理室断面積の20%〜60%を占め、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気雰囲気境界の開口面積は、好適には、外気−アクアガス雰囲気境界の開口面積より大きくする。この場合、アクアガス及び過熱水蒸気雰囲気の圧力を制御(陽圧制御)することで低酸素状態を維持することが可能である。 In the continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus of the present invention, each atmosphere of aqua gas (superheated steam + fine water droplets), superheated steam, and cooling gas (such as nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas) is an atmosphere of aqua gas-superheated steam, superheated steam-cooling gas. The change of the atmosphere at the boundary is continuous, but the change of the atmosphere is performed as quickly as possible to quantify the heating intensity (temperature, time) to the sample. Is desirable. Therefore, in the present invention, as an embodiment, for example, it is necessary to install a partition plate at an aqua gas-superheated steam atmosphere boundary so that gas convection between the atmospheres is restricted. The partition occupies 20% to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the processing chamber, and the opening area of the boundary between the aqua gas and the superheated steam atmosphere is preferably larger than the opening area of the boundary between the outside air and the aqua gas atmosphere. In this case, it is possible to maintain a low oxygen state by controlling the pressure of the aqua gas and the superheated steam atmosphere (positive pressure control).
また、過熱水蒸気−冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)の境界については、本発明では、他の実施の態様として、雰囲気境界において、単位時間あたり一定容積の排気を行う。排気容積は、境界前後に設けた温度センサーがそれぞれ所定の温度に可能な限り近づくよう設定されるが、3種の処理槽内部が装置の入口及び出口に対して陽圧を維持できる範囲に限定される。この場合、処理室全体は陽圧となるように制御し、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気及び過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの連続相部分を排気することで、雰囲気境界を明確にすることが好適である。 As for another embodiment of the present invention, as for another embodiment of the boundary between the superheated steam and the cooling gas (nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas), a constant volume of air is exhausted per unit time at the boundary of the atmosphere. The exhaust volume is set so that the temperature sensors provided before and after the boundary each approach the specified temperature as much as possible, but is limited to the range where the inside of the three types of processing tanks can maintain positive pressure at the inlet and outlet of the device. Is done. In this case, it is preferable to control the entire processing chamber to have a positive pressure and exhaust the continuous phase portion of aqua gas-superheated steam and superheated steam-cooling gas to clarify the atmosphere boundary.
また、本発明では、他の実施の態様として、雰囲気の境界において、過熱水蒸気を用いたエアカーテンを設置することが好適である。この場合、過熱水蒸気槽加熱用の過熱水蒸気ノズルとは異なるエアブローノズルを過熱水蒸気雰囲気の両端2辺に、エアブローノズルを設置し、エアーではなく過熱水蒸気を噴出させる。前記エアブローノズルを設置した両端2辺の対面に排出口を設置し、噴出させた過熱水蒸気と噴流に巻き込まれた前段アクアガス雰囲気及び後段過熱水蒸気雰囲気、あるいは前段過熱水蒸気及び後段冷却ガス雰囲気は前記排出口から排出する。この場合、噴出させる過熱水蒸気の温度は、試料加熱用の過熱水蒸気と等温か、それ未満とし、噴出量は、加熱過熱水蒸気槽の過熱水蒸気の状態によって適宜決定する。また、エアブローノズルから噴出させるガスは隣接する処理槽で用いられる加熱媒体(あるいは冷却媒体)をバルブ操作により適宜選択することができ、それぞれの処理槽における加熱時間(あるいは冷却時間)を一定速度のコンベア上に有りながら可変できる。 In the present invention, as another embodiment, it is preferable to install an air curtain using superheated steam at the boundary of the atmosphere. In this case, an air blow nozzle different from the superheated steam nozzle for heating the superheated steam tank is provided on each of two sides of the superheated steam atmosphere to blow out superheated steam instead of air. Discharge ports are installed on both sides of the two sides where the air blow nozzle is installed. Discharge from exit. In this case, the temperature of the superheated steam to be jetted is equal to or lower than the temperature of the superheated steam for heating the sample, and the jetting amount is appropriately determined according to the state of the superheated steam in the heating superheated steam tank. Further, as for the gas ejected from the air blow nozzle, the heating medium (or cooling medium) used in the adjacent processing tank can be appropriately selected by a valve operation, and the heating time (or cooling time) in each processing tank is set to a constant speed. It can be changed while it is on the conveyor.
本発明のアクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの各処理において、アクアガスによる加熱・殺菌処理とは、植物や葉物農産物を、100℃以上に加熱された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を、これと同温度以上に加熱された準密閉空間の加熱室内に連続的に噴射させ、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させる工程、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気で上記加熱室内の空気を置換させて、湿度95%以上及び酸素濃度1%以下の組成を有し、90〜180℃の温度領域に保持されたガス成分で満たす工程、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気からなる加熱媒体で、被加熱・殺菌材料に、上記温度領域で、少なくとも10℃の温度差の連続振幅加熱を施して加熱・殺菌処理する工程、により、加熱処理することを意味する。 In each treatment of the aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas of the present invention, the heating / sterilizing treatment with aqua gas means that plants and leaf agricultural products are treated with hot water and / or steam heated to 100 ° C. or more at the same temperature. A step of continuously injecting into the heating chamber of the quasi-enclosed space heated as described above to generate fine water droplets and wet heat steam (superheated steam); A step of filling with a gas component having a composition of 95% or more and an oxygen concentration of 1% or less and held in a temperature range of 90 to 180 ° C .; In the above-mentioned temperature range, a step of performing a continuous amplitude heating with a temperature difference of at least 10 ° C. to perform a heating / sterilization treatment means a heating treatment.
本発明では、上記アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスを用いて、試料を低侵襲的に加熱・殺菌−乾燥−冷却処理するための装置として、少なくとも、試料である植物素材を外気と遮断して加熱する準密閉状態の加熱室、該加熱室を100℃を越える所定の温度に加熱する加熱手段、100℃以上に加熱された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を上記加熱室内に連続的に噴射させ、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させる水蒸気発生手段(アクアガス発生器)、並びに過熱水蒸気発生器及び冷却ガス発生手段、を構成要素として含む連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置が用いられる。 In the present invention, as an apparatus for minimally invasive heating / sterilization / drying / cooling treatment using the aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas, at least a plant material as a sample is heated and cut off from outside air. Heating chamber in a semi-closed state, heating means for heating the heating chamber to a predetermined temperature exceeding 100 ° C., hot water and / or water vapor heated to 100 ° C. or more are continuously jetted into the heating chamber, A continuous superheated steam processing apparatus including, as constituent elements, a steam generating means (aqua gas generator) for generating water droplets and wet heat steam (superheated steam), and a superheated steam generator and a cooling gas generating means.
本発明の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置では、アクアガス、過熱水蒸気、冷却ガス(例えば、窒素ガス又は炭酸ガスなど)の各雰囲気は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気、過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの境目で接することになり、境界での雰囲気の変化は連続的となる。 In the continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus of the present invention, each atmosphere of the aqua gas, the superheated steam, and the cooling gas (for example, nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas) comes into contact at the boundary of aqua gas-superheated steam, superheated steam-cooling gas. The change of the atmosphere at the boundary is continuous.
そして、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気の境界では、試料への加熱強度(湿度、時間)を定量化するために、雰囲気の変化を可能な限り速やかに行う必要がある。また、過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの境界については、温度差が150℃を越えること、過熱水蒸気が冷却処理室に多量に流入することによる結露、結氷を防ぐことや、冷却ガスが加熱処理室に逆流することを防ぐことが必要であり、上記加熱処理室以上に雰囲気の分離ないしは境界の明瞭化が重要である。 At the boundary between the aqua gas and the superheated steam, it is necessary to change the atmosphere as quickly as possible in order to quantify the heating intensity (humidity, time) to the sample. In addition, at the boundary between superheated steam and cooling gas, a temperature difference exceeding 150 ° C., preventing condensation and icing due to a large amount of superheated steam flowing into the cooling processing chamber, and cooling gas flowing back into the heating processing chamber Therefore, it is important to separate the atmosphere or clarify the boundary more than in the heat treatment chamber.
本発明では、前記したように、例えば、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気の雰囲気の境界において、例えば、仕切版を設置し、雰囲気間でのガス対流を制御する。その場合、仕切版は、好適には、処理室断面積の20%〜60%を占める。アクアガス−過熱水蒸気の雰囲気の境界の開口面積は、好適には、外気−アクアガスの雰囲気の開口面積より大きくするが、アクアガス及び過熱水蒸気の雰囲気の圧力を制御(陽圧制限)することで低酸素状態を維持することが可能となる。 In the present invention, as described above, for example, a partition plate is provided at the boundary between the atmospheres of aqua gas and superheated steam, and gas convection between the atmospheres is controlled. In that case, the partition plate preferably occupies 20% to 60% of the cross-sectional area of the processing chamber. The opening area of the boundary between the atmosphere of the aqua gas and the superheated steam is preferably larger than the opening area of the atmosphere of the outside air and the aqua gas. However, by controlling the pressure of the atmosphere of the aqua gas and the superheated steam (positive pressure limitation), the low oxygen content is reduced. The state can be maintained.
本発明では、他の実施の態様として、雰囲気の境界において、適切な容積分排気を行うことも可能である。この場合、処理室全体は陽圧となるように制御し、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気及び過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの連続相部分を排気することで雰囲気の境界を明瞭にすることが必要である。 In the present invention, as another embodiment, it is possible to perform an appropriate volume of exhaust at the boundary of the atmosphere. In this case, it is necessary to control the entire processing chamber to have a positive pressure, and to clarify the boundary of the atmosphere by exhausting the continuous phase portion of aqua gas-superheated steam and superheated steam-cooling gas.
更に、本発明では、他の実施の態様として、雰囲気の境界において、過熱水蒸気を用いたエアカーテンを設けることも可能である。この場合、例えば、処理室加熱用の過熱水蒸気ノズルとは異なるエアブローノズルを過熱水蒸気の雰囲気の両端2辺に設置し、エアではなく過熱水蒸気を噴出させるが、温度は、試料加熱用過熱水蒸気と等温か、それ未満とし、噴出量は、加熱処理室の過熱水蒸気の状態によって適宜決定する。 Further, in the present invention, as another embodiment, it is possible to provide an air curtain using superheated steam at the boundary of the atmosphere. In this case, for example, an air blow nozzle different from the superheated steam nozzle for heating the processing chamber is installed on each of two sides of the atmosphere of the superheated steam, and the superheated steam is ejected instead of the air. The temperature is equal to or less than the temperature, and the ejection amount is appropriately determined according to the state of superheated steam in the heat treatment chamber.
噴出させた過熱水蒸気と噴流に巻き込まれた前記アクアガス雰囲気及び後段の過熱水蒸気雰囲気、あるいは前段の過熱水蒸気雰囲気及び後段の冷却ガス雰囲気は、エアブローノズルを設置した2辺の対面に設置した排気口から適宜排出する。 The jetted superheated steam and the aqua gas atmosphere and the post-stage superheated steam atmosphere entrained in the jet, or the pre-stage superheated steam atmosphere and the post-stage cooling gas atmosphere are discharged from the exhaust ports installed on two sides of the air blow nozzle. Discharge as appropriate.
上記実施の態様において、コンベア上の試料の形状は様々であるため、エアカーテンは、縦方向のエアカーテンと横方向のエアカーテンを設置する。噴出方向が互いに交差するエアカーテンを同一面上に設置すると噴出蒸気が衝突し、雰囲気の境界が明瞭にならないため、好適には、カーテンの設置面を横方向に1cm〜2cmずらして設置する。ノズルのずらし幅は、エアブローノズルの特性に依存することを考慮して適宜設定する。 In the above embodiment, since the shape of the sample on the conveyor is various, the air curtain is provided with a vertical air curtain and a horizontal air curtain. If the air curtains whose ejection directions intersect each other are installed on the same plane, the ejected steam collides and the boundary of the atmosphere is not clear, so that the installation surface of the curtain is preferably shifted laterally by 1 cm to 2 cm. The nozzle shift width is appropriately set in consideration of the fact that it depends on the characteristics of the air blow nozzle.
ここで、本発明の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に配設したアクアガス加熱室(アクアガス槽)について説明すると、本発明では、100℃以上に加熱された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を、上記加熱室内に連続的に噴射させ、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させ、加熱室内部を常圧状態のまま微細水滴と水蒸気で充満させ、湿度95%以上、酸素濃度1.0%以下の組成を有し、90〜180℃の温度領域に保持されたガス成分で、加熱室内部の空気を置換し、該微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気で、加熱室内の被加熱材料に、上記温度領域で、少なくとも10℃の温度差の連続振幅加熱を施して加熱処理することが実行される。 Here, the aqua gas heating chamber (aqua gas tank) provided in the continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, hot water and / or steam heated to 100 ° C. or more are introduced into the heating chamber. Continuous spraying to generate fine water droplets and moist heat steam (superheated steam), and the inside of the heating chamber is filled with fine water droplets and water vapor at normal pressure, with a composition of 95% or more in humidity and 1.0% or less in oxygen concentration. Having a gas component held in a temperature range of 90 to 180 ° C., displacing the air in the heating chamber, and using the fine water droplets and moist heat steam, the material to be heated in the heating chamber has at least a temperature in the temperature range. Heat treatment is performed by performing continuous amplitude heating with a temperature difference of 10 ° C.
本発明の連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に配設した装置は、100℃以上に加熱された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を、これと同温度以上に加熱された準密閉空間の加熱室内に噴射ノズルを介して連続的に噴射させ、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させ、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気で、上記加熱室内の空気を置換させて、湿度95%以上及び酸素濃度1%以下の組成を有し、90〜180℃の温度領域に保持された微細水滴と高湿度の湿熱水蒸気を含む水蒸気ガス成分で満たし、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気で、試料に、上記温度領域で、少なくとも10℃の温度差の連続振幅加熱を施して加熱処理する。 The apparatus disposed in the continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus of the present invention is provided with an injection nozzle for heating hot water and / or steam heated to 100 ° C. or higher into a heating chamber of a semi-enclosed space heated to the same temperature or higher. The water in the heating chamber is replaced with fine water droplets and moist heat steam (superheated steam). It has a composition and is filled with a water vapor gas component containing fine water droplets held in a temperature range of 90 to 180 ° C. and high-humidity moist heat steam. Heat treatment is performed by performing continuous amplitude heating at a temperature difference of ° C.
ここで、本発明でいう「準密閉空間」とは、完全密閉ないし開放空間ではなく、100℃以上に加熱された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を該空間内に連続的に噴射させ、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させても、該水蒸気等を高温常圧状態のままで充満させることができる空間のことを意味している。本発明において、微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)とは、高湿度の湿熱水蒸気とその凝縮により部分的に生成する微細水滴との混合系を意味し、湿熱水蒸気とは、その高湿度の水蒸気部分を意味し、乾熱水蒸気とは、上記湿熱水蒸気の加熱室内での乾燥現象により部分的に生成する高乾燥水蒸気を意味する。 Here, the term “quasi-closed space” as used in the present invention is not a completely closed or open space, but continuously jets hot water and / or steam heated to 100 ° C. or higher into the space to form fine water droplets. This refers to a space in which even when moist heat steam (superheated steam) is generated, the steam or the like can be filled in a high-temperature and normal-pressure state. In the present invention, fine water droplets and wet heat steam (superheated steam) mean a mixed system of high humidity wet heat steam and fine water droplets partially generated by condensation thereof, and the wet heat steam is the high humidity steam. The term “dry heat steam” means high dry steam that is partially generated by the drying phenomenon of the above-mentioned wet heat steam in the heating chamber.
本発明では、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)で、被加熱材料に、90〜180℃の温度領域で、少なくとも10℃の温度差の連続振幅加熱を施して加熱処理するが、ここで、少なくとも10℃の温度差の連続振幅加熱とは、90〜180℃の温度範囲において、短時間に10℃を上回る温度差の振幅を有するノズル付近の温度変化が生起する条件で、連続的に加熱することを意味する。本発明では、例えば、10〜50℃の温度差の振幅で、連続的に、被加熱材料を加熱することができる。 In the present invention, the material to be heated is subjected to continuous amplitude heating with a temperature difference of at least 10 ° C. in a temperature range of 90 to 180 ° C. using the above-mentioned fine water droplets and wet heat steam (superheated steam). The continuous amplitude heating of a temperature difference of at least 10 ° C. means that a temperature change near a nozzle having an amplitude of a temperature difference exceeding 10 ° C. occurs in a short time within a temperature range of 90 to 180 ° C. It means heating. In the present invention, for example, the material to be heated can be continuously heated at an amplitude of a temperature difference of 10 to 50 ° C.
本発明では、加熱室を100℃を越える所定の温度に加熱すると共に、該加熱室に熱水及び/又は水蒸気を導入し、該加熱室を水の気体で置換し、酸素濃度を1.0%以下に低下させることにより形成した雰囲気で、試料を加熱する。本発明において、上記加熱室は、試料を外気と遮断して加熱することができる所定の準閉鎖系空間で構成され、好適には、例えば、試料を載せるためのプレート、一部にガラス窓部を形成した開閉可能なドア部を有する準密閉空間が例示される。加熱室は、好適には、ステンレス製の素材で形成される。本発明では、上記加熱室を100℃を越える所定の温度に加熱するが、この場合、好適には、該加熱室に導入する熱水及び/又は水蒸気の温度と同等又はそれ以上に加熱する。 In the present invention, the heating chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature exceeding 100 ° C., hot water and / or steam is introduced into the heating chamber, and the heating chamber is replaced with a water gas to reduce the oxygen concentration to 1.0%. The sample is heated in an atmosphere formed by reducing it to less than or equal to%. In the present invention, the heating chamber is constituted by a predetermined semi-closed system space capable of heating the sample while blocking the sample from the outside air. Preferably, for example, a plate for mounting the sample, and a glass window part in a part thereof A quasi-enclosed space having an openable and closable door portion formed with the above is exemplified. The heating chamber is preferably formed of a stainless steel material. In the present invention, the heating chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature exceeding 100 ° C. In this case, the heating chamber is preferably heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature of hot water and / or steam introduced into the heating chamber.
上記のように、本発明では、加熱室を所定の温度に加熱すると共に、該加熱室で微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気(過熱水蒸気)を発生させ、該加熱室内の空気を水の気体で置換する。この場合、上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気は、例えば、細管を通して所定の流速で送水された水を細管の外部からヒータで加熱し、細管の端部に設けられたノズルを介して加熱室に導入することで生成される。上記微細水滴と湿熱水蒸気は、100〜180℃、より好適には、95〜150℃に加熱された高温常圧の微細水滴と高湿度の湿熱水蒸気を含む水蒸気ガス成分であり、試料を、高いエネルギー効率で加熱する作用を有する。 As described above, in the present invention, the heating chamber is heated to a predetermined temperature, and fine water droplets and moist heat steam (superheated steam) are generated in the heating chamber, and the air in the heating chamber is replaced with water gas. In this case, for example, the fine water droplets and the moist heat steam are heated by a heater from the outside of the thin tube with water supplied at a predetermined flow rate through the thin tube, and introduced into a heating chamber via a nozzle provided at an end of the thin tube. Generated by The fine water droplets and moist heat steam are steam gas components including fine water droplets of high temperature and normal pressure heated to 100 to 180 ° C, more preferably 95 to 150 ° C and moist heat steam of high humidity. Has the effect of heating with energy efficiency.
本発明では、給水タンクの水を給水ポンプで汲み上げ、細管からなる導管を通して水蒸気発生蓄熱パネルに供給し、加熱ヒーターにより、例えば、105〜200℃の所定の温度に加熱し、そのまま、細管の先端に設置した水蒸気噴射ノズルから高速で熱水及び/又は水蒸気を噴射させる。この場合、水蒸気ノズルとしては、先端に微細噴射孔を形成してなる、熱水及び/又は水蒸気を微細化して噴出する機能を有するものであれば、適宜のものが用いられる。 In the present invention, the water in the water supply tank is pumped up by a water supply pump, supplied to a steam generating and storing panel through a conduit made of a thin tube, and heated to a predetermined temperature of, for example, 105 to 200 ° C. by a heater, and the tip of the thin tube is left as it is. Hot water and / or steam is injected at a high speed from a steam injection nozzle installed at In this case, as the steam nozzle, any suitable one can be used as long as it has a function of making hot water and / or steam fine and jetting the hot water and / or steam having a fine injection hole formed at the tip.
微細噴射孔の孔径、孔数、孔の穿設位置などは、任意に設定できる。水蒸気噴射ノズルからの熱水及び/又は水蒸気の噴射速度は、好適には、噴射ノズルの先端において160〜200m/s程度であるが、これらに制限されるものではなく、装置の大きさ、種類及び使用目的などに応じて、例えば、微細噴射孔の孔径、孔数などを変更することにより、任意に設定することができる。 The diameter, the number of holes, the positions of the holes, and the like of the fine injection holes can be arbitrarily set. The injection speed of the hot water and / or steam from the steam injection nozzle is preferably about 160 to 200 m / s at the tip of the injection nozzle, but is not limited thereto. Depending on the purpose of use and the like, for example, the diameter can be arbitrarily set by changing the hole diameter, the number of holes, and the like of the fine injection holes.
本発明では、例えば、上記微細噴射ノズルから噴射された水蒸気を加熱室に導入するが、その際に、噴射ノズルの先端に近接して設置した循環ファンに水蒸気を噴射して、循環ファンの回転による衝撃力と風力により所定の風向に水蒸気を移送すると共に、それらの風向に合わせて設置された加熱ヒーターに水蒸気を接触させて、水蒸気をその温度を低下させずに加熱室全体に導入し、該加熱室を所定の温度に保持された水の気体で置換し、湿度95%以上、酸素濃度1.0%以下、より好適には、湿度99.0%以上、酸素濃度1.0%以下のガス成分で加熱室を満たすことにより加熱室内に気体水雰囲気を形成する。 In the present invention, for example, the water vapor injected from the fine injection nozzle is introduced into the heating chamber. At this time, the water vapor is injected into the circulation fan installed near the tip of the injection nozzle to rotate the circulation fan. The steam is transferred to the predetermined wind direction by the impact force and the wind force, and the steam is brought into contact with the heaters installed in accordance with those wind directions, and the steam is introduced into the entire heating chamber without lowering the temperature, The heating chamber is replaced with water gas maintained at a predetermined temperature, and the humidity is 95% or more and the oxygen concentration is 1.0% or less, more preferably, the humidity is 99.0% or more and the oxygen concentration is 1.0% or less. By filling the heating chamber with this gas component, a gaseous water atmosphere is formed in the heating chamber.
微細噴射口から噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気は、循環ファンに衝突することで、更に微細化する。また、循環ファンにより形成された風向の風下に設置された加熱ヒーターは、その表面が噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気に、直接的に、かつ広面積で接触するように、好適には、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気をなるべく遮るような位置及び方向に設置する。それにより、加熱ヒーターによる熱を噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気に効率良く伝達し、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気の温度低下を、確実に防止することが可能となる。 The hot water and / or water vapor injected from the fine injection orifice is further miniaturized by colliding with the circulation fan. Further, the heating heater installed downstream of the wind direction formed by the circulation fan is preferably such that its surface is in direct contact with the jetted hot water and / or steam over a large area, It is installed in a position and in a direction that blocks the injected hot water and / or water vapor as much as possible. Thereby, the heat from the heater can be efficiently transmitted to the injected hot water and / or steam, and the temperature of the injected hot water and / or steam can be reliably prevented from lowering.
上記循環ファンは、好適には、例えば、加熱室内部の後面側の中央に設置され、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気を、加熱室内部の左側面部及び右側面部に位置するダクト内に設置された加熱ヒーターに直接接触するように移送する機能を有するものが例示されるが、これらに制限されるものではなく、同様の機能を有するものであれば同様に使用することができる。 The circulation fan is preferably installed, for example, in the center of the rear side inside the heating chamber, and installs the injected hot water and / or steam in ducts located on the left side and right side of the heating chamber. Examples include those having a function of transferring the heater so as to be in direct contact with the heated heater. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other heater having the same function can be used.
また、上記加熱ヒーターは、好適には、例えば、ヘアピン形状のシーズヒーターなどを多数設置して、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気との接触面積が増えるようにしたものが例示されるが、これらに制限されるものではなく、同様の機能を有するものであれば同様に使用することができる。上記循環ファンの回転数及び回転方向は、装置の大きさ、ダクトの位置、形状、加熱ヒーターの形状、設置位置などを考慮して、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気がダクト内に循環風として循環し得るように設定される。 In addition, the heater is preferably, for example, one in which a large number of hairpin-shaped sheathed heaters or the like are provided so that the contact area with the injected hot water and / or steam increases. The present invention is not limited to these, and any device having a similar function can be used similarly. The number of rotations and the direction of rotation of the circulating fan may vary depending on the size of the device, the position and shape of the duct, the shape of the heater, the installation position, and the like. Is set to be able to circulate as
加熱室は、気体水で置換された段階で、試料を該加熱室に導入し、上記気体水を熱媒体として利用して、所定の加熱処理を行う。加熱室に導入した試料は、所定の加熱処理を施した後、適宜のタイミングで加熱室の外に搬出され、被加熱材料に接触した気体水は、気体水排出口から系外に排出される。加熱室内に噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気は、まず、循環ファンに衝突し、微細化され、ダクトに移送され、ダクト内に設置した加熱ヒーターに接触し、所定の温度に加熱された後、加熱室内に導入された試料に接触し、熱媒体として利用された後、系外に排出される。 At the stage where the heating chamber is replaced with gaseous water, a sample is introduced into the heating chamber, and a predetermined heat treatment is performed using the gaseous water as a heat medium. After the sample introduced into the heating chamber is subjected to a predetermined heating treatment, the sample is carried out of the heating chamber at an appropriate timing, and the gaseous water in contact with the material to be heated is discharged from the gaseous water outlet to the outside of the system. . The hot water and / or steam injected into the heating chamber first collides with a circulation fan, is miniaturized, is transferred to a duct, contacts a heater installed in the duct, and is heated to a predetermined temperature. The sample comes into contact with the sample introduced into the heating chamber, is used as a heat medium, and is discharged out of the system.
加熱媒体の熱エネルギーは、試料の加熱処理の熱源として利用されるが、本発明では、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気は、そのまま、試料に接触するのではなく、一旦、ダクト内に設置された加熱ヒーターにより加熱された後に、試料に接触し、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気の熱量を低下させることなく、試料を加熱するので、試料を効率よく加熱することが可能となる。 The heat energy of the heating medium is used as a heat source for the heat treatment of the sample. In the present invention, the jetted hot water and / or water vapor is not directly brought into contact with the sample, but is temporarily set in a duct. After the sample is heated by the heated heater, the sample is heated without contacting the sample and reducing the calorific value of the jetted hot water and / or steam, so that the sample can be efficiently heated.
また、噴射された熱水及び/又は水蒸気は、高速で循環ファンに衝突し、その衝突により衝撃で水滴が分割されて、更に、微細化されると共に、更に、加熱ヒーターで加熱されるので、この微細化された高温の加熱媒体は、肉眼観察で完全に透明な高熱伝導率の高温の水粒子からなり試料の内部への浸透性が高く、一旦、試料の内部へ浸透して熱交換を行った加熱媒体に対し、後続の高温の加熱媒体が熱エネルギーをたえず供給するので、高熱伝導率を有する熱が連続的に内部へ移動し、加熱媒体が、効率よく試料の内部へ浸透し、短時間で試料を加熱することが可能となる。 Further, the injected hot water and / or water vapor collides with the circulation fan at high speed, and the collision divides water droplets by impact, further miniaturizes the water, and is further heated by the heater. This micronized high-temperature heating medium is composed of high-temperature water particles with high thermal conductivity that is completely transparent to the naked eye and has high permeability to the inside of the sample. Since the subsequent high-temperature heating medium constantly supplies thermal energy to the performed heating medium, heat having high thermal conductivity moves continuously to the inside, and the heating medium efficiently penetrates into the sample, The sample can be heated in a short time.
本発明において、上記噴出された熱水及び/又は水蒸気の水滴は、循環ファンに衝突することで更に微細化され、殺菌性の微細な水粒子として加熱室に充満する。この殺菌性の微細な水粒子のpHは、約5.2〜5.8であり、105℃以上の高温条件と協動して、加熱室内で高殺菌性雰囲気を形成する。したがって、本発明を、試料に適用した場合には、高殺菌性雰囲気下で、試料を加熱処理することができるので、加熱と同時に高殺菌効果を付与できる。 In the present invention, the jetted hot water and / or steam droplets are further miniaturized by colliding with a circulating fan, and filled into the heating chamber as sterile fine water particles. The bactericidal fine water particles have a pH of about 5.2 to 5.8 and form a highly bactericidal atmosphere in the heating chamber in cooperation with a high temperature condition of 105 ° C. or higher. Therefore, when the present invention is applied to a sample, the sample can be subjected to heat treatment in a highly sterilizing atmosphere, so that a high sterilizing effect can be imparted simultaneously with heating.
本発明では、前記したように、微細水滴を含有した100〜120℃程度の常圧の過熱水蒸気を用いた植物や葉物農産物の乾燥及びその素材、微細水滴を含有した100〜130℃程度の過熱水蒸気を用いた植物や葉物農産物の乾燥及びその素材、微細水滴を含有した100〜130℃程度の過熱水蒸気を用いた、機能性成分を有する植物や葉物農産物について、該機能性成分の酸化劣化を抑制した乾燥及びその素材、を提供することができる。 In the present invention, as described above, drying of plant and leaf agricultural products using superheated steam at normal pressure of about 100 to 120 ° C. containing fine water droplets and its material, about 100 to 130 ° C. containing fine water droplets Drying of plant and leaf agricultural products using superheated steam and its material, using superheated steam of about 100 to 130 ° C containing fine water droplets, for plants and leaf agricultural products having functional components, It is possible to provide the drying and the material thereof in which the oxidation deterioration is suppressed.
本発明による植物原料のアクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる乾燥技術では、低酸素状態、高熱効率で、植物原料を低侵襲的に加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)処理をすることが可能であり、それにより、植物の抗酸化成分の減耗抑制と、植物の変・退色の抑制と、植物の一般生菌数の低減・並びに高効率な水分の蒸発を図ることによる従来の植物乾燥物にみられない、品質及び外観共に良好かつ高品質の植物乾燥物を調製し、提供できるという顕著な作用効果が得られる点で、本発明は、既存の植物乾燥方法乾燥製品と本質的に区別性を有するものである。 According to the drying technology of the plant raw material using the aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas according to the present invention, it is possible to heat, sterilize, dry, and cool (antioxidize) the plant raw material in a low oxygen state, with a high thermal efficiency, and with a low invasiveness. Therefore, conventional plant dried products by suppressing the depletion of antioxidant components of plants, suppressing discoloration and fading of plants, reducing the number of general viable bacteria of plants, and evaporating water with high efficiency. The present invention is essentially distinguished from existing plant drying method dried products in that a remarkable effect is obtained that a plant dried product having good quality and appearance in both good quality and appearance, which is not seen in the above, can be provided and provided. It has the property.
本発明は、植物の水分を単に蒸発、乾燥させるだけではなく、低酸素状態、高熱効率の条件で、植物を低侵襲的に加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)処理をすることを可能とするものであり、特に、酸素濃度1%以下の低酸素条件で、抗酸化成分を含む植物素材を加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)する方法として好適に使用されるものであり、抗酸化成分高含有植物素材であれば、その植物の種類に制限されることなく、あらゆる種類の植物原料に好適に適用可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention not only evaporates and dries the water of a plant, but also enables low-invasive heating, sterilization, drying, and cooling (antioxidation) treatment of the plant under conditions of low oxygen and high thermal efficiency. In particular, it is preferably used as a method for heating / sterilizing, drying, and cooling (antioxidant) a plant material containing an antioxidant component under a low oxygen condition having an oxygen concentration of 1% or less, As long as it is a plant material having a high antioxidant content, it can be suitably applied to all kinds of plant raw materials without being limited to the kind of the plant.
本発明では、アクアガス加熱・殺菌処理後、過熱水蒸気乾燥及び冷却(酸化防止)処理を実施するアクアガス処理と過熱水蒸気乾燥及び冷却処理を併用する場合、実操業の面で、例えば、連続処理工程において、ラインで処理する場合に、アクアガス雰囲気と過熱水蒸気雰囲気及び冷却ガス雰囲気をセットにして組み込んだ連続処理で、乾燥操作の処理時間を大幅に短縮したり、乾燥操作の効率を大幅に高めたりすることが可能になる、という格別の効果が得られる。このように、アクアガス処理は、過熱水蒸気乾燥及び冷却処理と組み合わせることで、実操業の面では、これらの処理を併用した場合に、乾燥の操作を短時間に高効率に、かつ多角的に行うことが可能となるという実用上の利点がある。 In the present invention, when the aqua gas treatment and the superheated steam drying and cooling treatment for performing the superheated steam drying and cooling (antioxidation) treatment after the aqua gas heating / sterilization treatment are used in combination with the actual operation, for example, in the continuous treatment process When processing in a line, the continuous processing incorporating a set of aqua gas atmosphere, superheated steam atmosphere, and cooling gas atmosphere greatly reduces the processing time of the drying operation and greatly increases the efficiency of the drying operation. It is possible to obtain a special effect that it becomes possible. As described above, the aqua gas treatment is combined with the superheated steam drying and the cooling treatment. In terms of actual operation, when these treatments are used in combination, the drying operation is performed in a short time with high efficiency and versatility. There is a practical advantage that it becomes possible.
本発明は、上記構成を採用することにより、以下のような格別の効果を奏する。
1)迅速かつ効果的な連続処理により、食材の食味・色素・成分を高度に保持させることが可能である。
2)本発明装置は、一般食材はもとより、特に、機能性食材や香辛料、香味野菜の一次処理での利用に有効である。
3)連続処理における過熱水蒸気乾燥の後段に、低酸素条件を維持したまま冷却(酸化防止)処理を行う処理室を設けることで試料の品質の低下を抑制できる。
4)後段の冷却工程は、食品加工において過熱水蒸気が用いられる焼成用途においても、品質保持において顕著な効果を発揮する。
5)植物や農産物を抗酸化成分による抗酸化性能などの機能性を損なうことなしに、高い歩留まり、旬の高品質維持、簡便性の向上、長期間常温保存性及びその保存安定性などの優位性を付与した乾燥材料として供給することが可能である。
6)植物や農産物の高品質化加工及びその供給が可能となり、生産農家には作物の高付加価値化と出荷調整が、産地加工業者には産地振興が、そして、消費者には食の安心と安全確保と食生活の健全化が実現可能となる。
The present invention has the following special effects by adopting the above configuration.
1) By rapid and effective continuous processing, it is possible to highly retain the taste, pigment and components of foodstuffs.
2) The apparatus of the present invention is effective not only for general foods but also for primary processing of functional foods, spices and flavored vegetables.
3) By providing a processing chamber for performing a cooling (antioxidation) treatment while maintaining low oxygen conditions after the superheated steam drying in the continuous treatment, it is possible to suppress a decrease in sample quality.
4) The subsequent cooling step has a remarkable effect in maintaining quality even in baking applications where superheated steam is used in food processing.
5) Advantages of high yield, maintenance of high quality in season, improvement of simplicity, long-term storage stability at room temperature and its storage stability, without impairing the functionality such as antioxidant performance of plants and agricultural products by antioxidant components It can be supplied as a dry material with added properties.
6) High-quality processing and supply of plants and agricultural products are possible, making it possible for producers to increase the value of crops and adjust shipping, promote local producers to local processors, and provide consumers with food security. In addition, ensuring safety and healthy eating habits can be realized.
次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の例によって何ら限定されるものではない。 Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
実施例1
図1に、アクアガス槽−過熱水蒸気槽−冷却槽を備えた本発明のコンベア搬送タイプの連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置の一実施例を示す。前段アクアガス槽にアクアガス発生器を配設し、中段過熱水蒸気発生槽にボイラー蒸気からの過熱水蒸気発生器を配設し、後段冷却槽に液化炭酸ガスボンベなどからの冷却媒体による冷却手段を配設した。
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a conveyor-type continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus of the present invention including an aqua gas tank, a superheated steam tank, and a cooling tank. An aqua gas generator was installed in the first-stage aqua gas tank, a superheated steam generator from boiler steam was installed in the middle-stage superheated steam generation tank, and a cooling means using a cooling medium from a liquefied carbon dioxide gas cylinder was installed in the second-stage cooling tank. .
アクアガス槽及び過熱水蒸気槽への加熱媒体の供給は、加熱段温調バルブを介して実行し、冷却槽への冷却媒体の供給は、冷却段温調バルブを介して実行した。本実施例では、雰囲気の境界において、過熱水蒸気を用いたエアカーテンを設置した。過熱水蒸気槽の過熱水蒸気雰囲気の両端2辺に、エアブローノズルを設置し、その対面に排出口を設置し、噴出させた過熱水蒸気と、噴流に巻き込まれた前段アクアガス雰囲気及び後段過熱水蒸気雰囲気、あるいは前段過熱水蒸気雰囲気及び後段冷却ガス(窒素ガス又は炭酸ガス)雰囲気は、前記排出口からエアカーテンブロワにより排出させた。 The supply of the heating medium to the aqua gas tank and the superheated steam tank was performed through a heating stage temperature control valve, and the supply of the cooling medium to the cooling tank was performed through a cooling stage temperature control valve. In this example, an air curtain using superheated steam was installed at the boundary of the atmosphere. An air blow nozzle is installed on each of two sides of the superheated steam atmosphere of the superheated steam tank, and a discharge port is installed on the opposite side, and the jetted superheated steam and the first-stage aqua gas atmosphere and the second-stage superheated steam atmosphere entrained in the jet flow, or The first stage superheated steam atmosphere and the second stage cooling gas (nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas) atmosphere were discharged from the discharge port by an air curtain blower.
過熱水蒸気を用いたエアカーテンの噴出及び排出は、エアカーテンガス選択バルブ及びエアカーテンブロワを介して制御するエアカーテン制御手段で制御した。 The ejection and discharge of the air curtain using the superheated steam were controlled by an air curtain control means that controls the air curtain by using an air curtain gas selection valve and an air curtain blower.
以上詳述したように、本発明は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスを用いて加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)の各処理を実行するための連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置に係るものであり、本発明により、植物や葉物農産物を機能性を損なうことなしに、高い歩留まり、旬の高品質維持、簡便性の向上、長期間常温保存性及びその保存安定性などの優位性を付与した乾燥素材として供給することが可能な、乾燥植物や乾燥農産物の加工処理装置を提供することができる。そして、本発明により、植物や農産物の高品質化加工及びその供給が可能となり、生産農家には、作物の高付加価値化と出荷調整が、産地加工業者には、産地振興が、そして、消費者には、食の安心と安全確保と食生活の健全化が実現する。様々な機能性を有する植物や葉物農産物の素材化が可能であり、植物や葉物農産物の乾燥素材の品質の向上と、更に、システム化を図ることで、コスト低減が期待される。これらの植物や葉物農産物の乾燥素材は、植物や葉物農産物を原料にして長期保存できることから、多収穫時に処理して、通年供給することで、植物や葉物農産物の利用率の向上や自給率向上にも寄与できる。本発明は、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガス(酸化防止)による、抗酸化成分高含有による機能性を保持した、植物や葉物農産物の加熱・殺菌、乾燥、冷却(酸化防止)技術と、その製品を提供することを可能にするものとして有用である。 As described above in detail, the present invention relates to a continuous superheated steam processing apparatus for performing each of heating, sterilization, drying, and cooling (antioxidation) processes using aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas. Yes, the present invention imparts advantages such as high yield, maintenance of high quality in season, improvement of simplicity, long-term room temperature storage stability and its storage stability without impairing the functionality of plants and leafy agricultural products. It is possible to provide a processing device for a dried plant or a dried agricultural product, which can be supplied as a dried material. According to the present invention, high-quality processing and supply of plants and agricultural products can be realized and their supply can be achieved. For the elderly, the security and security of food and healthy eating habits are realized. Plants and leafy agricultural products having various functions can be made into materials, and cost reduction is expected by improving the quality of dried materials of plants and leafy agricultural products and further by systematization. These dried materials of plant and leaf agricultural products can be stored for a long period of time using the plant and leaf agricultural products as raw materials. It can also contribute to improving the self-sufficiency rate. The present invention relates to a heating / sterilizing, drying, cooling (antioxidation) technique for plants and leaf agricultural products, which retains functionality due to a high content of antioxidants by aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas (antioxidation), and its technology. It is useful as a product that can be provided.
Claims (5)
一端側の試料入口と他端側の試料出口に渡って連通したアクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスによる各処理室の雰囲気を局所的に変更する機能を備え、アクアガス−過熱水蒸気−冷却ガスの各雰囲気が連続的であり、かつこれらの各処理室の雰囲気が無(低)酸素状態で外気に曝露されず連続しており、アクアガス処理、過熱水蒸気処理及び冷却(酸化防止)処理の複数の処理を任意に実行できるようにしたことを特徴とする前記連続式過熱水蒸気処理装置。 A conveyer-type continuous superheated steam processing apparatus for performing each process of aqua gas (superheated steam + fine water droplets)-superheated steam-heating and sterilization by a cooling gas-drying-oxidation prevention,
It has a function to locally change the atmosphere of each processing chamber by aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas communicating between the sample inlet on one end side and the sample outlet on the other end, and each atmosphere of aqua gas-superheated steam-cooling gas Is continuous, and the atmosphere in each of these processing chambers is continuous without being exposed to the outside air in an oxygen-free (low) state, and a plurality of processings of aqua gas processing, superheated steam processing and cooling (antioxidation) processing are performed. The continuous superheated steam treatment apparatus, which can be arbitrarily executed.
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