JP2020006399A - Conjugate and conjugate manufacturing method - Google Patents

Conjugate and conjugate manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2020006399A
JP2020006399A JP2018129009A JP2018129009A JP2020006399A JP 2020006399 A JP2020006399 A JP 2020006399A JP 2018129009 A JP2018129009 A JP 2018129009A JP 2018129009 A JP2018129009 A JP 2018129009A JP 2020006399 A JP2020006399 A JP 2020006399A
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tube thickness
thickness
tubular portion
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enlarged
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JP7048093B2 (en
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拓郎 梅谷
Takuro Umetani
拓郎 梅谷
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Hinode Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a conjugate having a high joint strength in which a cast iron component and a steel component are joined by friction pressure-welding.SOLUTION: A conjugate 10 comprises a cast iron component 200, and a steel component 100 which is joined to the cast iron component 200 by friction pressure-welding. The steel component 100 includes a first circular tubular par 110 having a first pipe thickness T1, and the cast iron component 200 includes a second circular tubular part 210 having a second pipe thickness T2 which is larger than the first pipe thickness T1. The second circular tubular part 210 includes a residual part 211 which remains with at least the second pipe thickness T2 by friction pressure-welding. The first circular tubular part 110 includes a pipe thickness enlargement part 120 a pipe thickness of which is larger than the first pipe thickness T1 toward the residual part 211 side from a pipe thickness change position p0 at which a pipe thickness is changed by a portion which is plastically flowed during friction pressure-welding. The pipe thickness enlargement part 120 is joined to the residual part 211 with a pipe thickness larger than the first pipe thickness T1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

本発明は、鋳鉄製部材と鋼製部材とを摩擦圧接により接合した接合体、および接合体を製造する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a joined body in which a cast iron member and a steel member are joined by friction welding, and a method of manufacturing the joined body.

特許文献１には、球状黒鉛変形層の形成を防止若しくは抑制して高い接合強度を得ることが記載されている。そのため、特許文献１には、球状黒鉛鋳鉄と鉄鋼材料の摩擦圧接において球状黒鉛鋳鉄の圧接面に鉄基金属材、あるいはニッケル基金属材をインサートしたこと、球状黒鉛鋳鉄と鉄鋼材料の摩擦圧接において球状黒鉛鋳鉄の圧接面を凹形状としたこと、球状黒鉛鋳鉄と鉄鋼材料の摩擦圧接において球状黒鉛鋳鉄の圧接面に鉄基金属材、あるいはニッケル基金属材をインサートすると共に球状黒鉛鋳鉄の圧接面を凹形状としたことが記載されている。   Patent Document 1 describes that formation of a deformed spheroidal graphite layer is prevented or suppressed to obtain high bonding strength. For this reason, Patent Document 1 discloses that in friction welding between spheroidal graphite cast iron and a steel material, an iron-based metal material or a nickel-based metal material is inserted into the welding surface of the spheroidal graphite cast iron. The welding surface of spheroidal graphite cast iron has a concave shape, and in friction welding of spheroidal graphite cast iron and steel material, an iron-based metal material or nickel-based metal material is inserted into the welding surface of spheroidal graphite cast iron and the welding surface of spheroidal graphite cast iron Is described as having a concave shape.

特開２００２−１１３５８３号公報（要約）JP 2002-113583 A (abstract)

鋳鉄製部材と鋼製部材とを摩擦圧接により接合した、接合強度の高い接合体が求められている。   There is a demand for a joined body having a high joining strength in which a cast iron member and a steel member are joined by friction welding.

本発明の一態様は、鋳鉄製部材と、鋳鉄製部材に摩擦圧接により接合される鋼製部材とを備える接合体である。鋼製部材は、第１の管厚を有する第１の円管状部を含み、鋳鉄製部材は、第１の管厚よりも大きい第２の管厚を有する第２の円管状部を含む。第２の円管状部は、摩擦圧接により少なくとも第２の管厚で残存する残存部を含み、第１の円管状部は、摩擦圧接の際に塑性流動化した部分により管厚が変化する管厚変化位置から残存部の側に向けて、第１の管厚よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部を含む。管厚拡大部は、第１の管厚よりも大きい管厚で残存部に接合される。   One embodiment of the present invention is a joined body including a cast iron member and a steel member joined to the cast iron member by friction welding. The steel member includes a first tubular portion having a first tube thickness, and the cast iron member includes a second tubular portion having a second tube thickness greater than the first tube thickness. The second tubular portion includes a remaining portion remaining at least in a second tube thickness due to friction welding, and the first tubular portion includes a tube whose tube thickness changes due to a portion plastically fluidized during friction welding. Included is a tube thickness enlarged portion in which the tube thickness is larger than the first tube thickness from the thickness change position toward the remaining portion. The enlarged tube thickness portion is joined to the remaining portion with a thickness greater than the first thickness.

上記した接合体は、第１の管厚を有する第１の円管状部と、第１の管厚よりも大きい第２の管厚を有する第２の円管状部とを摩擦圧接することで、第２の円管状部の少なくとも第２の管厚で残存する残存部と、第１の円管状部の管厚変化位置から残存部の側に向けて管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部とが接合される。このため、管厚拡大部を、第１の管厚よりも大きい管厚で残存部に接合させることができる。したがって、鋳鉄製部材と鋼製部材との接合強度を向上させることができる。   The above-mentioned joined body frictionally welds a first tubular portion having a first tube thickness and a second tubular portion having a second tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness, A remaining portion of the second tubular portion remaining at least at the second tube thickness, and a tube thickness increasing portion in which the tube thickness increases from the tube thickness change position of the first tubular portion toward the remaining portion. Joined. For this reason, the enlarged tube thickness portion can be joined to the remaining portion with a larger tube thickness than the first tube thickness. Therefore, the joining strength between the cast iron member and the steel member can be improved.

管厚拡大部は、第１の円管状部を外周側から覆う第１の治具で塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、残存部に向かって管厚変化位置よりも手前の第１の位置から残存部の側に向けて、管厚変化位置の外径よりも外径が拡大する外径拡大部を含むことが好ましい。管厚拡大部が、管厚変化位置よりも手前の第１の位置から外径が拡大する外径拡大部を含むため、第１の位置から残存部の側に向けて管厚を厚肉化することができる。このため、管厚拡大部を第１の円管状部の管軸方向に拡張させることができる。したがって、接合強度を一層向上させるとともに、接合体の疲労強度を向上させることができる。   The tube thickness enlarged portion is formed by molding a portion plastically fluidized by a first jig that covers the first tubular portion from the outer peripheral side, so that the first jig that is closer to the remaining portion than the tube thickness change position is toward the remaining portion. It is preferable to include an outer diameter enlarged portion in which the outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter at the tube thickness change position from the position toward the remaining portion. Since the enlarged tube thickness portion includes an enlarged outer diameter portion whose outer diameter increases from the first position before the tube thickness change position, the thickness of the tube is increased from the first position toward the remaining portion. can do. For this reason, the tube thickness enlarged portion can be expanded in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion. Therefore, the joint strength can be further improved, and the fatigue strength of the joined body can be improved.

外径拡大部は、外径が滑らかに拡大するように成形される平坦な第１の斜面を含むことが好ましい。外径拡大部が平坦な第１の斜面を含むため、外径の急拡大を防止し、外径拡大部に対する応力集中を緩和することができる。したがって、接合体の疲労強度を一層向上させることができる。   It is preferable that the outer diameter enlarged portion includes a flat first inclined surface formed so that the outer diameter increases smoothly. Since the outer diameter enlarged portion includes the flat first slope, it is possible to prevent sudden increase in the outer diameter and reduce stress concentration on the outer diameter enlarged portion. Therefore, the fatigue strength of the joined body can be further improved.

管厚拡大部は、第１の円管状部を内周側から覆う第２の治具で塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、残存部に向かって管厚変化位置よりも手前の第２の位置から残存部の側に向けて、管厚変化位置の内径よりも内径が縮小する内径縮小部を含むことが好ましい。管厚拡大部が、管厚変化位置よりも手前の第２の位置から内径が縮小する内径縮小部を含むため、第２の位置から残存部の側に向けて管厚を厚肉化することができる。このため、管厚拡大部を第１の円管状部の管軸方向に拡張させることができる。したがって、接合強度を一層向上させるとともに、接合体の疲労強度を向上させることができる。   The enlarged tube thickness portion is formed by forming a plastically fluidized portion with a second jig that covers the first circular tube portion from the inner peripheral side, so that the second tubular portion is located in front of the tube thickness change position toward the remaining portion. It is preferable to include an inner diameter reduction portion in which the inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter at the tube thickness change position from the position toward the remaining portion side. Since the enlarged tube thickness portion includes an inner diameter reduced portion in which the inner diameter is reduced from the second position before the tube thickness change position, the thickness of the tube is increased from the second position toward the remaining portion. Can be. For this reason, the tube thickness enlarged portion can be expanded in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion. Therefore, the joint strength can be further improved, and the fatigue strength of the joined body can be improved.

内径縮小部は、内径が滑らかに縮小するように成形される平坦な第２の斜面を含むことが好ましい。内径縮小部が平坦な第２の斜面を含むため、内径の急縮小を防止し、内径縮小部に対する応力集中を緩和することができる。したがって、接合体の疲労強度を一層向上させることができる。   Preferably, the inner diameter reduction portion includes a flat second inclined surface formed so that the inner diameter is smoothly reduced. Since the inner diameter reduced portion includes the flat second slope, it is possible to prevent the inner diameter from being sharply reduced, and to alleviate stress concentration on the inner diameter reduced portion. Therefore, the fatigue strength of the joined body can be further improved.

管厚拡大部は、残存部に少なくとも第２の管厚で接合される部分を含むことが好ましい。残存部と管厚拡大部とが互いに少なくとも第２の管厚で接合されるため、接合領域を増加させるとともに、接合部周辺に対する応力集中を抑制することができる。したがって、接合強度および疲労強度に優れた接合体を提供することができる。   The enlarged tube thickness portion preferably includes a portion joined to the remaining portion with at least the second tube thickness. Since the remaining portion and the increased-tube-thickness portion are joined to each other with at least the second thickness, it is possible to increase the joining area and suppress the stress concentration around the joining portion. Therefore, a joined body excellent in joining strength and fatigue strength can be provided.

本発明の他の態様は、第１の管厚を有する第１の円管状部を含む鋼製部材と、第１の管厚よりも大きい第２の管厚を有する第２の円管状部を含む鋳鉄製部材とを摩擦圧接により接合することにより接合体を製造する方法である。接合することは、第２の円管状部に少なくとも第２の管厚で残存する残存部を形成することと、第１の円管状部の塑性流動化した部分により管厚が変化する管厚変化位置から残存部の側に向けて、第１の管厚よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部を形成することと、管厚拡大部を第１の管厚よりも大きい管厚で残存部に接合することとを含む。   Another aspect of the present invention provides a steel member including a first tubular portion having a first tube thickness, and a second tubular portion having a second tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness. This is a method of manufacturing a joined body by joining a cast iron member and a cast iron member by friction welding. The joining includes forming a remaining portion having at least a second tube thickness in the second tubular portion, and a tube thickness change in which the tube thickness changes due to the plastic fluidized portion of the first tubular portion. Forming a tube thickness enlarged portion having a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness from the position toward the remaining portion side, and forming the tube thickness enlarged portion with a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness; And bonding to the same.

管厚拡大部を形成することは、第１の円管状部を外周側から覆う第１の治具で塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、残存部に向かって管厚変化位置よりも手前の第１の位置から残存部の側に向けて、管厚変化位置の外径よりも外径が拡大する外径拡大部を形成することを含むことが好ましい。   Forming the enlarged tube thickness portion involves forming the plastically fluidized portion with the first jig that covers the first tubular portion from the outer peripheral side, so that the portion is located closer to the remaining portion than the tube thickness change position. It is preferable to include forming an outer diameter enlarged portion in which the outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter at the tube thickness change position from the first position toward the remaining portion side.

鋳鉄製部材と鋼製部材とを摩擦圧接により接合した、接合強度の高い接合体を提供することができる。   It is possible to provide a joined body having high joining strength in which a cast iron member and a steel member are joined by friction welding.

図１は、接合体を含む構造物の例を示す模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a structure including a joined body. 図２は、接合体の斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the joined body. 図３は、接合体の側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view of the joined body. 図４は、接合体の断面図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the joined body. 図５は、接合装置のブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the joining device. 図６は、接合手順その１を示す模式図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the first joining procedure. 図７は、接合手順その２を示す模式図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a joining procedure 2. 図８は、接合手順その３を示す模式図である。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a third joining procedure. 図９は、変形例に係る接合体を示す断面図である。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a joined body according to a modification. 図１０は、変形例に係る治具を示す模式図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a jig according to a modification. 図１１は、接合体を製造する方法の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of a method of manufacturing a joined body.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本願の開示する接合体および接合体を製造する方法の実施形態を詳細に説明する。なお、以下に示す実施形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。また、以下に示す実施形態では、「平坦」あるいは「円」といった表現を用いるが、厳密に「平坦」であったり、「円」であったりすることを要しない。すなわち、上記した各表現は、製造精度、設置精度などのずれを許容するものとする。   Hereinafter, embodiments of a joined body and a method of manufacturing the joined body disclosed in the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention is not limited by the embodiments described below. Further, in the embodiments described below, expressions such as “flat” and “circle” are used, but it is not necessary to be strictly “flat” or “circle”. That is, each of the above expressions allows deviations in manufacturing accuracy, installation accuracy, and the like.

まず、実施形態に係る接合体１０を含む構造物の例について図１を用いて説明する。図１は、接合体１０を含む構造物１の例を示す模式図である。なお、図１では、構造物１の一例として道路などに設置される標識を示しているが、これに限らず、接合体１０は街灯やポール、フェンスなどにも広く用いることができる。また、接合体１０は、建造物の柱や梁などにも広く用いることができる。   First, an example of a structure including the joined body 10 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a structure 1 including a joined body 10. Although FIG. 1 shows a sign installed on a road or the like as an example of the structure 1, the present invention is not limited to this, and the joined body 10 can be widely used for a streetlight, a pole, a fence, and the like. Further, the joined body 10 can be widely used for columns and beams of a building.

図１に示すように、接合体１０は、鋳鉄製部材２００と、鋳鉄製部材２００に摩擦圧接により接合される鋼製部材１００とを備える。鋼製部材１００は、円管状の第１の円管状部１１０を含む。第１の円管状部１１０の一端側には、交通標識を図案化した指示板３００が固定される。また、第１の円管状部１１０の他端側には、鋳鉄製部材２００が摩擦圧接により接合される。なお、図１では、鋼製部材１００が第１の円管状部１１０のみを含む場合を示しているが、鋼製部材１００が、たとえば、第１の円管状部１１０と、第１の円管状部１１０に連続する円柱状の部分とを含むこととしてもよい。   As shown in FIG. 1, the joined body 10 includes a cast iron member 200 and a steel member 100 joined to the cast iron member 200 by friction welding. The steel member 100 includes a first tubular portion 110 having a tubular shape. An indication plate 300 in which a traffic sign is designed is fixed to one end of the first tubular portion 110. A cast iron member 200 is joined to the other end of the first tubular portion 110 by friction welding. Although FIG. 1 shows a case where the steel member 100 includes only the first tubular portion 110, the steel member 100 may be, for example, a first tubular portion 110 and a first tubular portion. The portion 110 may include a columnar portion that is continuous.

鋳鉄製部材２００は、鋼製部材１００における第１の円管状部１１０に摩擦圧接により接合される第２の円管状部２１０を含む。また、鋳鉄製部材２００は、第２の円管状部２１０に連続するように一体的に形成された基部２５０を含む。基部２５０は、構造物１を地面上や地面中に固定するために用いられる。鋳鉄製部材２００は、ダクタイル鋳鉄製であり、形状自由度が高く、鋳造による一体成形が可能である。したがって、様々な形状の構造物１にも幅広く対応することができる。   The cast iron member 200 includes a second tubular portion 210 that is joined to the first tubular portion 110 of the steel member 100 by friction welding. Further, the cast iron member 200 includes a base 250 integrally formed so as to be continuous with the second tubular portion 210. The base 250 is used to fix the structure 1 on or in the ground. The cast iron member 200 is made of ductile cast iron, has a high degree of freedom in shape, and can be integrally formed by casting. Therefore, it is possible to widely correspond to structures 1 having various shapes.

次に、接合体１０について図２等を用いて詳細に説明する。図２は、接合体１０の斜視図である。なお、図２には、接合体１０の中心線Ｌ１を示している。また、図２には、中心線Ｌ１に沿うＸ軸を示している。Ｘ軸は、第２の円管状部２１０側が負方向、第１の円管状部１１０側が正方向である。かかるＸ軸は、他の図面においても示す場合がある。   Next, the joined body 10 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the joined body 10. FIG. 2 shows the center line L1 of the joined body 10. FIG. 2 shows the X-axis along the center line L1. The X axis has a negative direction on the second tubular portion 210 side and a positive direction on the first tubular portion 110 side. Such an X axis may be shown in other drawings.

図２に示すように、接合体１０は、第２の円管状部２１０の外径のほうが、第１の円管状部１１０の外径よりも大きい。また、第１の円管状部１１０は、第２の円管状部２１０に向けて管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部１２０を有する。管厚拡大部１２０は、第１の円管状部１１０の外周側から内周側にかけて形成されるが、図２では、外周側から目視可能な外径拡大部１２１を管厚拡大部１２０として示している。なお、管厚拡大部１２０の内周側の形状については図４等を用いて後述する。   As shown in FIG. 2, in the joined body 10, the outer diameter of the second tubular part 210 is larger than the outer diameter of the first tubular part 110. In addition, the first tubular portion 110 has a tube thickness increasing portion 120 in which the tube thickness increases toward the second tubular portion 210. The tube thickness enlarged portion 120 is formed from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the first circular tubular portion 110. In FIG. 2, the outer diameter enlarged portion 121 visible from the outer peripheral side is shown as the tube thickness enlarged portion 120. ing. In addition, the shape of the inner peripheral side of the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 will be described later with reference to FIG.

図３は、接合体１０の側面図である。図３に示すように、第２の円管状部２１０は、第１の円管状部１１０側に残存部２１１を含む。残存部２１１は、摩擦圧接により少なくとも接合前の第２の円管状部２１０の管厚で残存する部分である。図７等を用いて後述するとおり第２の円管状部２１０は摩擦圧接により摩擦圧接前よりも短くなるが、残存部２１１は、少なくとも接合前の第２の円管状部２１０の管厚で第１の円管状部１１０に接合される第２の円管状部２１０の部分のことを指す。   FIG. 3 is a side view of the joined body 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the second tubular portion 210 includes a remaining portion 211 on the first tubular portion 110 side. The remaining portion 211 is a portion that remains at least in the tube thickness of the second cylindrical portion 210 before joining by friction welding. As will be described later with reference to FIG. 7 and the like, the second tubular portion 210 is shorter than before the friction welding by the friction welding, but the remaining portion 211 has at least the thickness of the second tubular portion 210 before the welding. It refers to a portion of the second tubular portion 210 that is joined to one tubular portion 110.

図３に示すように、第１の円管状部１１０の管厚拡大部１２０は、第２の円管状部２１０側に外径拡大部１２１を含む。外径拡大部１２１は、残存部２１１の側に向けて外径が滑らかに拡大する形状の平坦な第１の斜面１２１ａを含む。ここで、「平坦」とは厳密に平面であることを要しない。つまり、第１の斜面１２１ａは、外径が滑らかに拡大するように形成された斜面であればよく、平面だけでなく、外径が急拡大しないように徐々に拡大する曲面を含むものとし、明らかな谷や山を省いた面であれば足りる。また、外径拡大部１２１は、第１の斜面１２１ａに連続し、残存部２１１の外径よりも径方向の外側へ突出した突起部１２１ｂを含む。   As shown in FIG. 3, the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 of the first tubular portion 110 includes an outer diameter enlarged portion 121 on the second tubular portion 210 side. The outer diameter expanding portion 121 includes a flat first slope 121 a having a shape whose outer diameter increases smoothly toward the remaining portion 211. Here, “flat” does not need to be strictly a plane. In other words, the first slope 121a may be any slope that is formed so that the outer diameter increases smoothly, and includes not only a flat surface but also a curved surface that gradually expands so that the outer diameter does not suddenly increase. It is enough if the valleys and mountains are omitted. Further, the outer diameter enlarged portion 121 includes a protrusion 121b that is continuous with the first slope 121a and protrudes outward in the radial direction from the outer diameter of the remaining portion 211.

このように、第２の円管状部２１０は接合前の管厚で残存する残存部２１１を含み、第１の円管状部１１０は、第２の円管状部２１０に向けて管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部１２０を含む。このため、管厚拡大部１２０を第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも大きい管厚で残存部２１１に接合させることができる。したがって、鋳鉄製部材２００と鋼製部材１００との接合強度（引張強度）を高めることができる。これにより、引張強度に優れた接合体１０を得ることができる。また、管厚拡大部１２０の外径拡大部１２１は、平坦な第１の斜面１２１ａを含むため、外径の急拡大を防止し、外径拡大部１２１に対する応力集中を緩和することができる。したがって、接合体１０の疲労強度を高めることができる。   As described above, the second tubular portion 210 includes the remaining portion 211 remaining at the tube thickness before joining, and the first tubular portion 110 increases in tube thickness toward the second tubular portion 210. Includes a tube thickness enlargement section 120. Therefore, the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 can be joined to the remaining portion 211 with a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness T1. Therefore, the joining strength (tensile strength) between the cast iron member 200 and the steel member 100 can be increased. Thereby, the joined body 10 excellent in tensile strength can be obtained. Further, since the outer diameter expanding portion 121 of the tube thickness expanding portion 120 includes the flat first slope 121a, it is possible to prevent a sudden increase in the outer diameter and reduce stress concentration on the outer diameter expanding portion 121. Therefore, the fatigue strength of the joined body 10 can be increased.

なお、図３には、突起部１２１ｂを有する接合体１０を示したが、突起部１２１ｂを第２の円管状部２１０の外径にあわせて削り取るなどして除去することとしてもよい。これにより、接合体１０の意匠性を高め、突起部（バリ）１２１ｂによる取扱時のケガを防止するとともに、接合体１０の省スペース化および軽量化を図ることができる。また、接合体１０の外周側を滑らかにすることで、応力が集中しにくい形状となり、疲労強度を高めることができる。   Although FIG. 3 shows the joined body 10 having the protrusion 121b, the protrusion 121b may be removed by shaving or the like in accordance with the outer diameter of the second tubular portion 210. Thereby, the design of the joined body 10 can be improved, injuries during handling by the protrusions (burrs) 121b can be prevented, and the space and the weight of the joined body 10 can be reduced. Further, by making the outer peripheral side of the joined body 10 smooth, a shape in which stress is unlikely to concentrate is obtained, and the fatigue strength can be increased.

図４は、接合体１０の断面図である。なお、図４は、中心線Ｌ１を含む平面で接合体１０を切断した断面図に相当する。図４に示すように、鋼製部材１００に含まれる第１の円管状部１１０は、厚さが「ｔ１」の第１の管厚Ｔ１を有する。鋳鉄製部材２００に含まれる第２の円管状部２１０は、第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも大きい第２の管厚Ｔ２を有する。第２の管厚Ｔ２の厚さは「ｔ２」であり、「ｔ２」と「ｔ１」との関係は「ｔ２＞ｔ１」である。   FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the joined body 10. FIG. 4 corresponds to a cross-sectional view of the joined body 10 cut along a plane including the center line L1. As shown in FIG. 4, the first tubular portion 110 included in the steel member 100 has a first tube thickness T1 with a thickness of “t1”. The second tubular portion 210 included in the cast iron member 200 has a second tube thickness T2 larger than the first tube thickness T1. The thickness of the second tube thickness T2 is “t2”, and the relationship between “t2” and “t1” is “t2> t1”.

図４に示すように、第１の円管状部１１０の内径は「ｄ１１」であり、外径は「ｄ１２」である。つまり、第１の管厚Ｔ１の厚さである「ｔ１」は、「ｔ１＝（ｄ１２−ｄ１１）／２」であらわされる。また、第２の円管状部２１０の内径は「ｄ２１」であり、外径は「ｄ２２」である。つまり、第２の管厚Ｔ２の厚さである「ｔ２」は、「ｔ２＝（ｄ２２−ｄ２１）／２」であらわされる。また、第２の円管状部２１０は、摩擦圧接により少なくとも第２の管厚Ｔ２で残存する残存部２１１を含む。すなわち、残存部２１１の厚みは、ｔ２以上である。つまり、残存部２１１の厚みはｔ２よりも大きくてもよい。   As shown in FIG. 4, the inner diameter of the first circular tubular portion 110 is “d11” and the outer diameter is “d12”. That is, “t1”, which is the thickness of the first tube thickness T1, is represented by “t1 = (d12−d11) / 2”. The inner diameter of the second tubular portion 210 is “d21”, and the outer diameter is “d22”. That is, “t2”, which is the thickness of the second tube thickness T2, is represented by “t2 = (d22−d21) / 2”. Further, the second cylindrical portion 210 includes a remaining portion 211 remaining at least with the second tube thickness T2 by friction welding. That is, the thickness of the remaining portion 211 is t2 or more. That is, the thickness of the remaining portion 211 may be larger than t2.

第１の円管状部１１０は、第２の円管状部２１０との摩擦圧接の際に、第２の円管状部２１０側の部分が塑性流動化し、塑性流動化した部分が第２の円管状部２１０との圧接により外周側および内周側に押し出されるように変形する。これにより、第１の円管状部１１０における第１の管厚Ｔ１が拡大する。したがって、第１の管厚Ｔ１は摩擦圧接前の厚さである「ｔ１」よりも増加する。   When the first tubular portion 110 is friction-welded with the second tubular portion 210, the portion on the second tubular portion 210 side plastically fluidizes, and the plastically fluidized portion becomes the second tubular portion. It is deformed so as to be pushed out to the outer peripheral side and the inner peripheral side by the pressure contact with the part 210. Thereby, the first tube thickness T1 in the first circular tubular portion 110 increases. Therefore, the first pipe thickness T1 is larger than “t1” which is the thickness before the friction welding.

このため、第１の円管状部１１０は、残存部２１１の側に向けて第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部１２０を含む。管厚拡大部１２０は、第１の円管状部１１０の外周側から内周側にかけて形成される。管厚拡大部１２０は、第１の円管状部１１０の外径が拡大する外径拡大部１２１と、内径が縮小する内径縮小部１２２とを含む。外径拡大部１２１は、図３において既に説明した第１の斜面１２１ａと、突起部１２１ｂとを含む。   For this reason, the first cylindrical portion 110 includes a tube thickness enlarged portion 120 whose tube thickness is larger than the first tube thickness T1 toward the remaining portion 211 side. The tube thickness increasing part 120 is formed from the outer peripheral side to the inner peripheral side of the first circular tubular part 110. The tube thickness expanding section 120 includes an outer diameter expanding section 121 in which the outer diameter of the first circular tubular section 110 is expanded, and an inner diameter reducing section 122 in which the inner diameter is reduced. The outer diameter enlarged portion 121 includes the first inclined surface 121a and the protrusion 121b already described in FIG.

また、内径縮小部１２２は、残存部２１１の内径よりも径方向の内側に突出した突起部１３０を含む。また、突起部１３０は、中心線Ｌ１に沿った向きについて残存部２１１から離れるようにカールした形状である。なお、突起部１３０を第２の円管状部２１０の内径にあわせて削り取るなどして除去することとしてもよい。このように、接合体１０における内周側を滑らかにすることで、応力が集中しにくい形状となり、疲労強度を高めることができる。   Further, the inner diameter reduction portion 122 includes a protrusion 130 projecting radially inward from the inner diameter of the remaining portion 211. The protrusion 130 has a shape curled away from the remaining portion 211 in the direction along the center line L1. Note that the protrusion 130 may be removed by shaving or the like in accordance with the inner diameter of the second circular tubular portion 210. In this way, by smoothing the inner peripheral side of the joined body 10, a shape in which stress is unlikely to concentrate is obtained, and the fatigue strength can be increased.

また、図４に示したように、管厚拡大部１２０を、残存部２１１に少なくとも第２の管厚Ｔ２で接合させることが望ましい。このように、残存部２１１と管厚拡大部１２０とを互いに少なくとも第２の管厚Ｔ２で接合させることで、接合領域を増加させるとともに、接合部周辺における断面の急変を抑制し、応力集中を抑制することができる。したがって、接合強度および疲労強度に優れた接合体１０を得ることができる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 4, it is desirable that the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 be joined to the remaining portion 211 with at least the second tube thickness T2. As described above, by joining the remaining portion 211 and the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 to each other with at least the second thickness T2, the joining region is increased, and a sudden change in the cross section around the joined portion is suppressed, and the stress concentration is reduced. Can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a joined body 10 having excellent joining strength and fatigue strength.

なお、管厚拡大部１２０を、第２の管厚Ｔ２よりも小さい厚みで残存部２１１に接合させることもできる。たとえば、管厚拡大部１２０を、管厚拡大部１２０における外周側が残存部２１１の外周までは届かない程度の外径としたり、内周側が残存部２１１の内周までは届かない程度の内径としたりすることもできる。   In addition, the expanded tube thickness portion 120 can be joined to the remaining portion 211 with a thickness smaller than the second tube thickness T2. For example, the expanded tube thickness portion 120 has an outer diameter such that the outer peripheral side of the expanded tube thickness portion 120 does not reach the outer periphery of the remaining portion 211, or the inner peripheral side has an inner diameter that does not reach the inner periphery of the remaining portion 211. You can also.

また、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分は、治具によって成形することが望ましい。具体的には、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分を第１の円管状部１１０の外周側から覆う治具で成形することとしてもよいし、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側から覆う治具で成形することとしてもよい。   Further, it is desirable that the plastically fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110 be formed by a jig. Specifically, the plastically fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110 may be formed by a jig that covers the outer peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110, or the first tubular portion 110 may be formed by a jig. It may be formed with a jig covering from the inner peripheral side.

なお、図４には、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分を第１の円管状部１１０の外周側から覆う治具で成形することによって得られた接合体１０を示している。ここで、図４に示した接合体１０では、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側については治具による成形を行っていない。なお、成形用の治具の詳細については図６等を用いて後述する。   FIG. 4 shows the joined body 10 obtained by molding the plastically fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110 with a jig that covers the outer peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110. . Here, in the joined body 10 shown in FIG. 4, the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110 is not formed by a jig. The details of the molding jig will be described later with reference to FIG.

図４に示したように、成形用の治具を用いない場合、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分により第１の管厚Ｔ１が変化し始める位置は、管厚変化位置ｐ０となる。ここで、管厚変化位置ｐ０は中心線Ｌ１に沿うＸ軸の座標を指す。一方、成形用の治具を用いた場合、塑性流動化した部分により第１の管厚Ｔ１が変化し始める位置を、残存部２１１に向かって管厚変化位置ｐ０よりも手前（Ｘ軸正方向側）である第１の位置ｐ１とすることができる。ここで、第１の位置ｐ１は、中心線Ｌ１に沿うＸ軸の座標を指す。つまり、成形用の治具を用いることで、管厚変化位置ｐ０よりも残存部２１１から離れた位置である第１の位置ｐ１から、第１の円管状部１１０を厚肉化することができる。すなわち、外周側における管厚拡大部１２０を第１の円管状部１１０の管軸方向について拡張することができる。したがって、第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０との接合強度を一層向上させるとともに、接合体１０の疲労強度を向上させることができる。また、外周側における管厚拡大部１２０を第１の円管状部１１０の管軸方向に拡大することで、外径の変化を緩やかにすることができる。したがって、外径の変化について山や谷が少ない滑らかな形状としやすいので、応力集中が発生しにくい形状の接合体１０を得ることができる。   As shown in FIG. 4, when the forming jig is not used, the position where the first tube thickness T1 starts to change due to the plastic fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110 is the tube thickness change position p0. Becomes Here, the tube thickness change position p0 indicates the coordinates of the X axis along the center line L1. On the other hand, when a molding jig is used, the position where the first pipe thickness T1 starts to change due to the plastic fluidized portion is set to the position before the pipe thickness change position p0 toward the remaining portion 211 (in the positive direction of the X axis). Side). Here, the first position p1 indicates the coordinates of the X axis along the center line L1. That is, by using the molding jig, the first tubular portion 110 can be made thicker from the first position p1, which is a position farther from the remaining portion 211 than the tube thickness change position p0. . That is, the tube thickness increasing portion 120 on the outer peripheral side can be expanded in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion 110. Therefore, the joining strength between the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 can be further improved, and the fatigue strength of the joined body 10 can be improved. In addition, by expanding the tube thickness expanding portion 120 on the outer peripheral side in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion 110, the change in the outer diameter can be moderated. Therefore, it is easy to form a smooth shape with few peaks and valleys with respect to changes in the outer diameter, and it is possible to obtain a joined body 10 having a shape in which stress concentration is unlikely to occur.

なお、図４に示した第１の円管状部１１０の外周側の形状を内周側の形状と同様にすることもできる。つまり、外周側の外径拡大部１２１において外径が拡大しはじめる位置を第１の位置ｐ１とし、第１の斜面１２１ａを省略し、突起部１２１ｂの形状を内周側の突起部１３０と同様の形状とすることもできる。第１の円管状部１１０における外周側および内周側のいずれにも成形用の治具を用いない場合であっても、管厚拡大部１２０は、第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも大きい管厚で残存部２１１に接合される。したがって、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０と鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０との接合強度を向上させることができる。   In addition, the shape on the outer peripheral side of the first cylindrical portion 110 shown in FIG. 4 can be made similar to the shape on the inner peripheral side. That is, the position at which the outer diameter starts to increase in the outer diameter expanding portion 121 on the outer peripheral side is defined as a first position p1, the first slope 121a is omitted, and the shape of the protrusion 121b is the same as that of the inner protrusion 130. The shape may be as follows. Even when the forming jig is not used on either the outer peripheral side or the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110, the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 has a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness T1. At the remaining portion 211. Therefore, the joining strength between the second cylindrical portion 210 made of cast iron and the first cylindrical portion 110 made of steel can be improved.

次に、図４に示した接合体１０を製造する方法について、図５〜図８を用いて説明する。図５は、接合装置５０のブロック図である。なお、図５に示した接合装置５０は、接合体１０（図４参照）を製造する装置の一例である。   Next, a method of manufacturing the joined body 10 shown in FIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the joining device 50. The joining device 50 shown in FIG. 5 is an example of an apparatus for manufacturing the joined body 10 (see FIG. 4).

接合装置５０は、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０と鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０とを摩擦圧接により接合することで接合体１０を製造する装置である。具体的には、接合装置５０は、制御部５１と、記憶部５２と、回転部５６と、直動部５７とを備える。   The joining device 50 is a device that manufactures the joined body 10 by joining a first tubular portion 110 made of steel and a second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron by friction welding. Specifically, the joining device 50 includes a control unit 51, a storage unit 52, a rotating unit 56, and a linear moving unit 57.

ここで、一般的に、鋳鉄製である第２の円管状部２１０の融点は、鋼製である第１の円管状部１１０の融点よりも低い。したがって、摩擦圧接中の第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０との接触部分の温度を、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０の融点よりも高く、かつ、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０の融点よりも低く保持すれば、接合状態が良好な接合体１０を製造することができる。具体的には、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０の融点を超えた部分は、摩擦圧接中に溶融し飛散するので、バリ等の突起が生じにくい。また、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０に摩擦圧接される鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０は融点を超えない程度に加熱されるので、塑性流動化しつつ管厚を拡大させることで接合前の管厚よりも大きい管厚で鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０に接合される。したがって、接合強度が高い接合体１０を製造することができる。   Here, generally, the melting point of the second tubular part 210 made of cast iron is lower than the melting point of the first tubular part 110 made of steel. Therefore, the temperature of the contact portion between the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 during the friction welding is higher than the melting point of the second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron, and If the melting point is maintained lower than the melting point of the first tubular portion 110, the joined body 10 having a good joined state can be manufactured. Specifically, the portion of the second cylindrical portion 210 made of cast iron that has exceeded the melting point is melted and scattered during the friction welding, so that projections such as burrs are less likely to occur. Further, since the first tubular portion 110 made of steel, which is friction-welded to the second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron, is heated to a temperature not exceeding the melting point, it is possible to increase the pipe thickness while plastically fluidizing. It is joined to the second circular tubular part 210 made of cast iron with a tube thickness larger than the tube thickness before joining. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture the joined body 10 having high joining strength.

回転部５６は、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０を保持するとともに、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０を中心線Ｌ１（図２参照）まわりに回転させる。直動部５７は、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０を保持するとともに、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０を中心線Ｌ１に沿って直動させる。回転中の鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０に対して鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０を押し付ける（押圧する）ことで両者が摩擦圧接され、接合体１０が製造される。   The rotating portion 56 holds the second circular tubular portion 210 made of cast iron, and rotates the second circular tubular portion 210 made of cast iron around the center line L1 (see FIG. 2). The linearly moving portion 57 holds the steel first tubular portion 110 and linearly moves the steel first tubular portion 110 along the center line L1. The first tubular portion 110 made of steel is pressed (pressed) against the rotating second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron, so that the two are friction-welded to produce the joined body 10.

制御部５１は、取得部５１ａと、指示部５１ｂとを備え、記憶部５２は、接合情報５２ａを記憶する。ここで、接合装置５０は、たとえば、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）、ＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）、ＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）、ＨＤＤ（Hard Disk Drive）、入出力ポートなどを有するコンピュータや各種の回路を含む。コンピュータのＣＰＵは、たとえば、ＲＯＭに記憶されたプログラムを読み出して実行することによって、制御部５１の取得部５１ａおよび指示部５１ｂとして機能する。また、取得部５１ａおよび指示部５１ｂの少なくともいずれか一つまたは全部をＡＳＩＣ（Application Specific Integrated Circuit）やＦＰＧＡ（Field Programmable Gate Array）等のハードウェアで構成することもできる。また、記憶部５２は、たとえば、ＲＡＭやＨＤＤに対応する。ＲＡＭやＨＤＤは、接合情報５２ａを記憶することができる。なお、接合装置５０は、有線や無線のネットワークで接続された他のコンピュータや可搬型記録媒体を介して上記したプログラムや各種情報を取得することとしてもよい。   The control unit 51 includes an acquisition unit 51a and an instruction unit 51b, and the storage unit 52 stores the joining information 52a. Here, the bonding device 50 includes, for example, a computer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), an input / output port, and various circuits. Including. The CPU of the computer functions as the acquisition unit 51a and the instruction unit 51b of the control unit 51, for example, by reading and executing a program stored in the ROM. In addition, at least one or all of the acquisition unit 51a and the instruction unit 51b may be configured by hardware such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The storage unit 52 corresponds to, for example, a RAM or an HDD. The RAM and the HDD can store the joining information 52a. The joining device 50 may acquire the above-described programs and various types of information via another computer or a portable recording medium connected via a wired or wireless network.

接合情報５２ａは、経過時間に応じた回転部５６の回転速度、経過時間に応じた直動部５７の移動量、摩擦の所要時間を示す摩擦時間等を予め定義した情報である。つまり、接合情報５２ａは、回転速度と経過時間との関係を示すシーケンス情報と、移動量と経過時間との関係を示すシーケンス情報とを含んだ情報である。ここで、接合情報５２ａは、摩擦圧接中の第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０との接触部分の温度を、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０の融点よりも高く、かつ、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０の融点よりも低く保持することができるように、予め行った実験等の知見に基づいて用意された情報である。したがって、接合装置５０が接合情報５２ａに基づいた動作を行うことで、接合強度が高い接合体１０を製造することができる。なお、移動量とともに、または、代わりに押圧力を用いることとしてもよい。   The joining information 52a is information in which the rotation speed of the rotating unit 56 according to the elapsed time, the amount of movement of the translation unit 57 according to the elapsed time, the friction time indicating the time required for friction, and the like are defined in advance. That is, the joint information 52a is information including sequence information indicating the relationship between the rotation speed and the elapsed time, and sequence information indicating the relationship between the movement amount and the elapsed time. Here, the joining information 52a indicates that the temperature of the contact portion between the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 during the friction welding is higher than the melting point of the second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron. In addition, the information is prepared based on the knowledge of an experiment conducted in advance so that the first cylindrical portion 110 made of steel can be kept lower than the melting point. Accordingly, the joining device 50 performs an operation based on the joining information 52a, so that the joined body 10 having high joining strength can be manufactured. The pressing force may be used together with or instead of the moving amount.

取得部５１ａは、記憶部５２から接合情報５２ａを読み出す。そして、取得部５１ａは、読み出した情報を指示部５１ｂへ出力する。指示部５１ｂは、接合情報５２ａに基づき、回転部５６に対して回転速度を指示するとともに、直動部５７に対して移動量を指示する。これにより、接合装置５０は、摩擦圧接中の第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０との接触部分の温度を、鋳鉄製の第２の円管状部２１０の融点よりも高く、かつ、鋼製の第１の円管状部１１０の融点よりも低く保持する。なお、接合情報５２ａを、成功例や失敗例に基づく実績に基づいて更新していくことしてもよい。これにより、より適切な接合情報５２ａを得ることができるので、回転部５６や直動部５７に対してより適切な回転速度や移動量を指示することが可能となる。   The acquisition unit 51a reads the joining information 52a from the storage unit 52. Then, the acquisition unit 51a outputs the read information to the instruction unit 51b. The instruction unit 51b instructs the rotation unit 56 on the rotation speed and also instructs the translation unit 57 on the amount of movement based on the joining information 52a. Thereby, the joining device 50 raises the temperature of the contact portion between the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 during the friction welding to be higher than the melting point of the second tubular portion 210 made of cast iron. And, it is kept lower than the melting point of the first circular tubular portion 110 made of steel. Note that the joining information 52a may be updated based on results based on a successful example or a failed example. As a result, more appropriate joining information 52a can be obtained, so that it is possible to instruct the rotating unit 56 and the linear moving unit 57 with more appropriate rotation speed and moving amount.

次に、接合装置５０が実行する接合手順について図６〜図８を用いて説明する。図６〜図８は、接合手順その１〜その３を示す模式図である。なお、図６〜図８では、模式図として、図２等に示した中心線Ｌ１を含む平面で切断した断面図を示している。また、図６には摩擦圧接開始前の状態を、図７には摩擦圧接開始時の状態を、図８には摩擦圧接完了時の状態をそれぞれ示している。   Next, a joining procedure performed by the joining device 50 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 are schematic views showing joining procedures 1 to 3. FIGS. 6 to 8 are schematic cross-sectional views cut along a plane including the center line L1 shown in FIG. 2 and the like. 6 shows a state before the start of friction welding, FIG. 7 shows a state at the start of friction welding, and FIG. 8 shows a state at the time of completion of friction welding.

図６に示すように、回転部５６は、第２の円管状部２１０を外周側から保持する。また、回転部５６は、中心線Ｌ１まわりに第２の円管状部２１０を回転向きＲＤまわりに回転させる。なお、回転向きＲＤを逆向きにしてもよい。直動部５７は、第１の円管状部１１０を外周側から保持する。また、直動部５７の先端側には、第１の円管状部１１０を外周側から覆う第１の治具５８が固定されている。そして、直動部５７は、移動向きＬＤ（第２の円管状部２１０に近づく向き）に移動する。なお、第１の円管状部１１０は、先端側が第１の治具５８から突出するように直動部５７に固定されることが好ましい。これにより、融点を超えることで飛散した第２の円管状部２１０の部分（飛散物）が第１の治具５８に付着することを防止することができる。   As shown in FIG. 6, the rotating part 56 holds the second tubular part 210 from the outer peripheral side. In addition, the rotating unit 56 rotates the second tubular part 210 around the center line L1 around the rotation direction RD. Note that the rotation direction RD may be reversed. The translation portion 57 holds the first tubular portion 110 from the outer peripheral side. In addition, a first jig 58 that covers the first tubular portion 110 from the outer peripheral side is fixed to the distal end side of the linear motion portion 57. Then, the linear moving portion 57 moves in the moving direction LD (the direction approaching the second tubular portion 210). It is preferable that the first cylindrical portion 110 is fixed to the linear motion portion 57 such that the distal end side protrudes from the first jig 58. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the portion (scattered matter) of the second tubular portion 210 scattered due to exceeding the melting point from attaching to the first jig 58.

図７に示すように、直動部５７の移動に伴って移動する第１の円管状部１１０は、回転部５６の回転に伴って回転する第２の円管状部２１０に接触する。これにより、摩擦圧接が開始される。摩擦圧接によって接触部分の温度は上昇して第２の円管状部２１０の融点を超えるので、第２の円管状部２１０における融点を超えた部分は遠心力によって飛散する。これにより、第２の円管状部２１０の全長は短くなっていくが、接合前の管厚である第２の管厚Ｔ２（図４参照）を少なくとも有する残存部２１１は残る。   As shown in FIG. 7, the first tubular part 110 that moves with the movement of the linear moving part 57 contacts the second tubular part 210 that rotates with the rotation of the rotating part 56. Thereby, the friction welding is started. Since the temperature of the contact portion rises due to friction welding and exceeds the melting point of the second tubular portion 210, the portion of the second tubular portion 210 that exceeds the melting point is scattered by centrifugal force. As a result, the overall length of the second tubular portion 210 becomes shorter, but the remaining portion 211 having at least the second tube thickness T2 (see FIG. 4) which is the tube thickness before joining remains.

図８に示すように、摩擦圧接完了時には、加熱された第１の円管状部１１０が、第１の治具５８の形状に沿って成形されている。ここで、第１の治具５８は、第１の円管状部１１０の外周側を断続的に覆う形状であってもよいが、第１の円管状部１１０の外周側を一周にわたって連続的に覆う形状であることが望ましい。   As shown in FIG. 8, when the friction welding is completed, the heated first tubular portion 110 is formed according to the shape of the first jig 58. Here, the first jig 58 may have a shape that intermittently covers the outer peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110, but continuously covers the outer peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110 over one round. Desirably, it has a covering shape.

なお、図８に示した第２の円管状部２１０および第１の円管状部１１０の形状は、図４に示した形状に対応している。つまり、第１の治具５８の内径が拡大し始める位置５８ａは、図４に示した第１の位置ｐ１に対応する。また、第１の治具５８の内径が滑らかに拡大する平坦面５８ｂは、図４に示した第１の斜面１２１ａに対応する。また、第１の治具５８の端面５８ｃに沿って図４に示した突起部１２１ｂが形成される。   The shapes of the second tubular portion 210 and the first tubular portion 110 shown in FIG. 8 correspond to the shapes shown in FIG. That is, the position 58a at which the inner diameter of the first jig 58 starts to increase corresponds to the first position p1 shown in FIG. Further, the flat surface 58b in which the inner diameter of the first jig 58 expands smoothly corresponds to the first slope 121a shown in FIG. Further, the protrusion 121b shown in FIG. 4 is formed along the end face 58c of the first jig 58.

図８に示すように、第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０とを摩擦圧接することで、第２の円管状部２１０には、少なくとも第２の管厚Ｔ２（図４参照）で残存する残存部２１１が形成される。また、第１の円管状部１１０には、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分により管厚が変化する管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）から残存部２１１の側に向けて第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部１２０が形成される。したがって、管厚拡大部１２０を第１の管厚Ｔ１よりも大きい管厚で残存部２１１に接合することが可能となり、接合強度を向上させた接合体１０を得ることができる。   As shown in FIG. 8, the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 are friction-welded to each other, so that the second tubular portion 210 has at least a second tube thickness T2 (FIG. 4). (See Reference), a remaining portion 211 is formed. Further, the first tubular portion 110 is moved from the tube thickness change position p0 (see FIG. 4) where the tube thickness changes due to the plastic fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110 toward the remaining portion 211 side. A tube thickness enlarged portion 120 is formed in which the tube thickness is larger than the first tube thickness T1. Therefore, it is possible to join the enlarged tube thickness portion 120 to the remaining portion 211 with a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness T1, and it is possible to obtain the joined body 10 with improved joint strength.

また、管厚拡大部１２０を形成する際に、第１の円管状部１１０を外周側から覆う第１の治具５８で塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、残存部２１１に向かって管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）よりも手前の第１の位置ｐ１（図４参照）から残存部２１１の側に向けて、管厚変化位置ｐ０の外径よりも外径が拡大する外径拡大部１２１を形成することができる。これにより、接合強度だけではなく疲労強度も向上させた接合体１０を得ることができる。   Further, when forming the enlarged tube thickness portion 120, a portion plastically fluidized by the first jig 58 covering the first cylindrical portion 110 from the outer peripheral side is formed, so that the tube is moved toward the remaining portion 211. An outer diameter whose outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the pipe thickness changing position p0 from the first position p1 (see FIG. 4) before the thickness changing position p0 (see FIG. 4) toward the remaining portion 211. An enlarged portion 121 can be formed. Thereby, it is possible to obtain the joined body 10 in which not only the joint strength but also the fatigue strength is improved.

次に、接合体１０の変形例について図９を用いて説明する。図９は、変形例に係る接合体１０Ａを示す断面図である。なお、接合体１０Ａは、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側の形状が、図４に示した接合体１０とは異なる。このため、以下では、図４との差異点について主に説明することとする。ここで、第２の治具５９は、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側を断続的に覆う形状であってもよいか、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側を一周にわたって連続的に覆う形状であることが望ましい。   Next, a modified example of the joined body 10 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a joined body 10A according to a modification. Note that the joined body 10A is different from the joined body 10 shown in FIG. 4 in the shape of the inner peripheral side of the first circular tubular portion 110. Therefore, in the following, the differences from FIG. 4 will be mainly described. Here, the second jig 59 may be shaped so as to intermittently cover the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110 or may be continuous over the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110 over one round. Desirably, the shape is such that it covers the entire surface.

図９に示すように、第１の円管状部１１０の内周側にも成形用の治具を用いることで、第１の円管状部１１０の塑性流動化した部分により第１の管厚Ｔ１が変化し始める内周側の位置を、残存部２１１に向かって管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）よりも手前（Ｘ軸正方向側）である第２の位置ｐ２とすることができる。ここで、第２の位置ｐ２は、中心線Ｌ１に沿うＸ軸の座標を指す。つまり、外周側だけでなく内周側にも成形用の治具を用いることで、管厚変化位置ｐ０よりも中心線Ｌ１に沿って残存部２１１から離れた位置である第２の位置ｐ２から、第１の円管状部１１０を厚肉化することができる。すなわち、内周側においても管厚拡大部１２０を第１の円管状部１１０の管軸方向について拡張することができる。したがって、第１の円管状部１１０と第２の円管状部２１０との接合強度を一層向上させるとともに、接合体１０の疲労強度を向上させることができる。また、内周側における管厚拡大部１２０を第１の円管状部１１０の管軸方向に拡大することで、内径の変化を緩やかにすることができる。したがって、内径の変化についても山や谷が少ない滑らかな形状とすることが可能となり、応力集中が発生しにくい形状の接合体１０Ａを得ることができる。   As shown in FIG. 9, by using a molding jig also on the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110, the first tube thickness T1 is reduced by the plastic fluidized portion of the first tubular portion 110. The position on the inner circumferential side where the change of the inner diameter starts to be the second position p2 which is closer to the remaining portion 211 than the tube thickness change position p0 (see FIG. 4) (on the X axis positive direction side). Here, the second position p2 indicates the coordinates of the X axis along the center line L1. In other words, by using a molding jig not only on the outer peripheral side but also on the inner peripheral side, the jig from the second position p2 which is a position away from the remaining portion 211 along the center line L1 from the tube thickness change position p0. The thickness of the first tubular portion 110 can be increased. That is, even on the inner peripheral side, the tube thickness expanding portion 120 can be expanded in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion 110. Therefore, the joining strength between the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210 can be further improved, and the fatigue strength of the joined body 10 can be improved. In addition, by expanding the tube thickness expanding portion 120 on the inner peripheral side in the tube axis direction of the first circular tubular portion 110, the change in the inner diameter can be made gentle. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a smooth shape with few peaks and valleys even with respect to the change in the inner diameter, and it is possible to obtain a joined body 10A having a shape in which stress concentration is unlikely to occur.

図９に示すように、第１の円管状部１１０の管厚拡大部１２０は、第２の円管状部２１０側に内径縮小部１２２を含む。内径縮小部１２２は、残存部２１１の側に向けて内径が滑らかに縮小する形状の平坦な第２の斜面１２２ａを含む。ここで、「平坦」とは厳密に平面であることを要しない。つまり、第２の斜面１２２ａは、内径が滑らかに縮小するように形成された斜面であればよく、平面だけでなく、内径が急縮小しないように徐々に縮小する曲面を含むものとし、明らかな谷や山を省いた面であれば足りる。また、内径縮小部１２２は、第２の斜面１２２ａに連続し、残存部２１１の内径よりも径方向の内側へ突出した突起部１２２ｂを含む。このように、内径縮小部１２２が平坦な第２の斜面１２２ａを含むため、内径の急縮小を防止し、内径縮小部１２２に対する応力集中を緩和することができる。したがって、接合体１０の疲労強度を一層向上させることができる。   As shown in FIG. 9, the thickened tube portion 120 of the first tubular portion 110 includes an inner diameter reduced portion 122 on the second tubular portion 210 side. The inner diameter reduction portion 122 includes a flat second inclined surface 122a whose inner diameter is smoothly reduced toward the remaining portion 211 side. Here, “flat” does not need to be strictly a plane. In other words, the second slope 122a may be a slope formed such that the inner diameter is smoothly reduced, and includes not only a flat surface but also a curved surface that is gradually reduced so that the inner diameter is not sharply reduced. If it is the side where the mountain is omitted, it is enough. In addition, the inner diameter reduction portion 122 includes a protrusion 122b that is continuous with the second slope 122a and protrudes radially inward from the inner diameter of the remaining portion 211. As described above, since the inner diameter reducing portion 122 includes the flat second inclined surface 122a, it is possible to prevent the inner diameter from being sharply reduced and alleviate stress concentration on the inner diameter reducing portion 122. Therefore, the fatigue strength of the joined body 10 can be further improved.

なお、図９には、突起部１２２ｂを有する接合体１０Ａを示したが、突起部１２２ｂを第２の円管状部２１０の内径にあわせて削り取るなどして除去することとしてもよい。これにより、接合体１０の内周側についても応力が集中しにくい形状となり、さらに疲労強度を高めることができる。   Although FIG. 9 shows the joined body 10A having the protrusion 122b, the protrusion 122b may be removed by shaving or the like in accordance with the inner diameter of the second tubular portion 210. Thereby, the inner peripheral side of the joined body 10 also has a shape in which stress is unlikely to be concentrated, and the fatigue strength can be further increased.

また、図９では、第１の円管状部１１０の外周側における第１の位置ｐ１と、内周側における第２の位置ｐ２とが中心線Ｌ１に沿って同様の位置となる場合を示した。しかしながらこれに限らず、第１の位置ｐ１および第２の位置ｐ２は、管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）よりも中心線Ｌ１に沿う向きについて第２の円管状部２１０から離れていれば、異なる位置であってもよい。たとえば、第２の位置ｐ２を第１の位置ｐ１よりも管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）に近い位置としたり、第２の位置ｐ２を第１の位置ｐ１よりも管厚変化位置ｐ０（図４参照）から遠い位置としたりすることとしてもよい。   Further, FIG. 9 shows a case where the first position p1 on the outer peripheral side of the first cylindrical portion 110 and the second position p2 on the inner peripheral side are at the same position along the center line L1. . However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first position p1 and the second position p2 may be farther from the second tubular portion 210 in the direction along the center line L1 than the tube thickness change position p0 (see FIG. 4). , Different positions. For example, the second position p2 is a position closer to the tube thickness change position p0 (see FIG. 4) than the first position p1, or the second position p2 is a tube thickness change position p0 (see FIG. 4) than the first position p1. (See FIG. 4).

次に、図９に示した接合体１０Ａの製造に用いる治具について図１０を用いて説明する。図１０は、変形例に係る治具を示す模式図である。なお、図１０は、直動部５７が第１の円管状部１１０の内周側にも挿入され、先端側には第１の円管状部１１０の内周側から覆う第２の治具５９が固定されている点が図８とは異なる。なお、第１の円管状部１１０は、先端側が第２の治具５９から突出するように直動部５７に固定されることが好ましい。これにより、融点を超えることで飛散した第２の円管状部２１０の部分（飛散物）が第２の治具５９に付着することを防止することができる。   Next, a jig used for manufacturing the joined body 10A shown in FIG. 9 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a jig according to a modification. In FIG. 10, the linear movement portion 57 is also inserted into the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110, and the second jig 59 that covers the distal end side from the inner peripheral side of the first tubular portion 110 is shown. Is different from FIG. It is preferable that the first circular tubular portion 110 is fixed to the linear motion portion 57 such that the distal end side protrudes from the second jig 59. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the portion (scattered matter) of the second tubular portion 210 scattered due to exceeding the melting point from adhering to the second jig 59.

図１０に示すように、摩擦圧接完了時には、加熱された第１の円管状部１１０が、第１の治具５８のみならず第２の治具５９の形状に沿って成形されている。なお、図１０に示した第２の円管状部２１０および第１の円管状部１１０の形状は、図９に示した形状に対応している。つまり、第２の治具５９の外径が縮小し始める位置５９ａは、図９に示した第２の位置ｐ２に対応する。また、第２の治具５９の外径が滑らかに縮小する平坦面５９ｂは、図９に示した第２の斜面１２２ａに対応する。また、第２の治具５９の端面５９ｃに沿って図９に示した突起部１２２ｂが形成される。   As shown in FIG. 10, when the friction welding is completed, the heated first tubular portion 110 is formed not only in the shape of the first jig 58 but also in the shape of the second jig 59. The shapes of the second tubular portion 210 and the first tubular portion 110 shown in FIG. 10 correspond to the shapes shown in FIG. In other words, the position 59a where the outer diameter of the second jig 59 starts to decrease corresponds to the second position p2 shown in FIG. Further, the flat surface 59b in which the outer diameter of the second jig 59 is smoothly reduced corresponds to the second inclined surface 122a shown in FIG. Further, the protrusion 122b shown in FIG. 9 is formed along the end face 59c of the second jig 59.

次に、図５に示した接合装置５０が実行する接合体１０，１０Ａを製造する方法の処理手順について図１１を用いて説明する。図１１は、接合体１０，１０Ａを製造する方法の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。   Next, a processing procedure of a method of manufacturing the joined bodies 10 and 10A executed by the joining apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of a method of manufacturing the joined bodies 10 and 10A.

図１１に示すように、接合装置５０の取得部５１ａは、記憶部５２から接合情報５２ａを読み出す（ステップＳ１０１）。また、接合装置５０は、第１の円管状部１１０および第２の円管状部２１０をそれぞれ保持する（ステップＳ１０２）。なお、ステップＳ１０１とステップＳ１０２の順序を逆にしてもよく、並行して行うこととしてもよい。   As illustrated in FIG. 11, the acquisition unit 51a of the joining device 50 reads the joining information 52a from the storage unit 52 (Step S101). Further, the joining device 50 holds the first tubular portion 110 and the second tubular portion 210, respectively (Step S102). Note that the order of step S101 and step S102 may be reversed or may be performed in parallel.

回転部５６は、接合情報５２ａに基づき、保持した第２の円管状部２１０を時間経過に応じた回転速度で回転させる（ステップ１０３）。また、直動部５７は、接合情報５２ａに基づき、保持した第１の円管状部１１０を時間経過に応じた移動量で直動させる（ステップ１０４）。そして、接合装置５０は、接合情報５２ａに基づく所望の圧接条件に従った摩擦圧接を実行した後、処理を終了する。   The rotating section 56 rotates the held second tubular section 210 at a rotation speed corresponding to the passage of time based on the joining information 52a (step 103). Further, the linear motion section 57 linearly moves the held first tubular section 110 by a moving amount according to the passage of time based on the joining information 52a (step 104). Then, after performing the friction welding according to the desired welding condition based on the welding information 52a, the welding device 50 ends the process.

さらなる効果や変形例は、当業者によって容易に導き出すことができる。このため、本発明のより広範な態様は、以上のように表しかつ記述した特定の詳細および代表的な実施例に限定されるものではない。したがって、添付の特許請求の範囲およびその均等物によって定義される総括的な発明の概念の精神または範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変更が可能である。   Further effects and modifications can be easily derived by those skilled in the art. Thus, the broader aspects of the present invention are not limited to the specific details and representative examples shown and described above. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

１ 構造物、 １０ 接合体、 ５０ 接合装置、 ５１ 制御部、 ５１ａ 取得部、 ５１ｂ 指示部、 ５２ 記憶部、 ５２ａ 接合情報、 ５６ 回転部、 ５７ 直動部、 ５８ 第１の治具、 ５９ 第２の治具、 １００ 鋼製部材、 １１０ 第１の円管状部、 １２０ 管厚拡大部、 １２１ 外径拡大部、 １２１ａ 第１の斜面、 １２１ｂ 突起部、 １２２ 内径縮小部、 １２２ａ 第２の斜面、 １２２ｂ 突起部、 １３０ 突起部、 ２００ 鋳鉄製部材、 ２１０ 第２の円管状部、 ２１１ 残存部、 ２５０ 基部、 ３００ 指示板、 Ｌ１ 中心線、 ｐ０ 管厚変化位置、 ｐ１ 第１の位置、 ｐ２ 第２の位置、 Ｔ１ 第１の管厚、 Ｔ２ 第２の管厚。   Reference Signs List 1 structure, 10 bonded body, 50 bonding device, 51 control unit, 51a acquisition unit, 51b instruction unit, 52 storage unit, 52a bonding information, 56 rotation unit, 57 translation unit, 58 first jig, 59th No. 2 jig, 100 steel member, 110 first tubular portion, 120 tube thickness enlarged portion, 121 outer diameter enlarged portion, 121a first slope, 121b protrusion, 122 inner diameter reduced portion, 122a second slope , 122b protruding portion, 130 protruding portion, 200 cast iron member, 210 second tubular portion, 211 remaining portion, 250 base portion, 300 indicating plate, L1 center line, p0 tube thickness change position, p1 first position, p2 Second position, T1 first tube thickness, T2 second tube thickness.

Claims (8)

鋳鉄製部材と、前記鋳鉄製部材に摩擦圧接により接合される鋼製部材とを備え、
前記鋼製部材は、第１の管厚を有する第１の円管状部を含み、
前記鋳鉄製部材は、前記第１の管厚よりも大きい第２の管厚を有する第２の円管状部を含み、
前記第２の円管状部は、摩擦圧接により少なくとも前記第２の管厚で残存する残存部を含み、
前記第１の円管状部は、摩擦圧接の際に塑性流動化した部分により管厚が変化する管厚変化位置から前記残存部の側に向けて、前記第１の管厚よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部を含み、
前記管厚拡大部は、前記第１の管厚よりも大きい管厚で前記残存部に接合される、接合体。 A cast iron member, comprising a steel member joined to the cast iron member by friction welding,
The steel member includes a first tubular portion having a first tube thickness,
The cast iron member includes a second tubular portion having a second pipe thickness larger than the first pipe thickness,
The second cylindrical portion includes a remaining portion remaining at least in the second tube thickness due to friction welding,
The first tubular portion has a pipe thickness greater than the first pipe thickness from a pipe thickness change position where the pipe thickness changes due to a portion plastically fluidized during friction welding toward the remaining portion. Includes an expanded tube thickness section,
The joined body, wherein the enlarged tube thickness portion is joined to the remaining portion with a tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness. 前記管厚拡大部は、前記第１の円管状部を外周側から覆う第１の治具で前記塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、前記残存部に向かって前記管厚変化位置よりも手前の第１の位置から前記残存部の側に向けて、前記管厚変化位置の外径よりも外径が拡大する外径拡大部を含む、請求項１に記載の接合体。   The pipe thickness enlarged portion is formed by molding the plasticized fluidized portion with a first jig that covers the first tubular portion from the outer peripheral side, so that the portion having a thickness greater than the position where the tube thickness changes toward the remaining portion. 2. The joined body according to claim 1, further comprising: an outer-diameter-enlarging portion whose outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the tube thickness change position from a first position on the front side toward the remaining portion. 3. 前記外径拡大部は、前記外径が滑らかに拡大するように成形される平坦な第１の斜面を含む、請求項２に記載の接合体。   The joined body according to claim 2, wherein the outer diameter enlarged portion includes a flat first inclined surface formed so that the outer diameter is smoothly enlarged. 前記管厚拡大部は、前記第１の円管状部を内周側から覆う第２の治具で前記塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、前記残存部に向かって前記管厚変化位置よりも手前の第２の位置から前記残存部の側に向けて、前記管厚変化位置の内径よりも内径が縮小する内径縮小部を含む、請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。   The pipe thickness enlarged portion is formed from the pipe thickness change position toward the remaining portion by forming the plastic fluidized portion with a second jig covering the first cylindrical portion from the inner peripheral side. The joining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: an inner diameter reducing portion in which an inner diameter is smaller than an inner diameter of the tube thickness changing position from the second position in front toward the remaining portion. body. 前記内径縮小部は、前記内径が滑らかに縮小するように成形される平坦な第２の斜面を含む、請求項４に記載の接合体。   The joined body according to claim 4, wherein the inner diameter reduction portion includes a flat second slope formed so that the inner diameter is smoothly reduced. 前記管厚拡大部は、前記残存部に少なくとも前記第２の管厚で接合される部分を含む、請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載の接合体。   The joined body according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the enlarged tube thickness portion includes a portion joined to the remaining portion with at least the second thickness of the tube. 第１の管厚を有する第１の円管状部を含む鋼製部材と、前記第１の管厚よりも大きい第２の管厚を有する第２の円管状部を含む鋳鉄製部材とを摩擦圧接により接合することにより接合体を製造する方法であって、
前記接合することは、前記第２の円管状部に少なくとも前記第２の管厚で残存する残存部を形成することと、
前記第１の円管状部の塑性流動化した部分により管厚が変化する管厚変化位置から前記残存部の側に向けて、前記第１の管厚よりも管厚が拡大する管厚拡大部を形成することと、
前記管厚拡大部を前記第１の管厚よりも大きい管厚で前記残存部に接合することとを含む、方法。 Friction between a steel member including a first tubular portion having a first tube thickness and a cast iron member including a second tubular portion having a second tube thickness larger than the first tube thickness A method of manufacturing a joined body by joining by pressure welding,
The joining includes forming a remaining portion that remains at least in the second tube thickness in the second tubular portion;
A tube thickness increasing portion in which the tube thickness is larger than the first tube thickness from the tube thickness change position where the tube thickness changes due to the plastic fluidized portion of the first tubular portion toward the remaining portion. Forming
Joining the enlarged tube thickness to the remaining portion with a tube thickness greater than the first tube thickness. 前記管厚拡大部を形成することは、前記第１の円管状部を外周側から覆う第１の治具で前記塑性流動化した部分を成形することにより、前記残存部に向かって前記管厚変化位置よりも手前の第１の位置から前記残存部の側に向けて、前記管厚変化位置の外径よりも外径が拡大する外径拡大部を形成することを含む、請求項７に記載の方法。   Forming the enlarged tube thickness portion includes forming the plastic fluidized portion with a first jig that covers the first cylindrical portion from the outer peripheral side, thereby forming the tube thickness toward the remaining portion. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: forming an outer diameter enlarged portion in which an outer diameter is larger than an outer diameter of the tube thickness change position from a first position before a change position toward the remaining portion. The described method.
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JPS5331548A (en) * 1976-09-06 1978-03-24 Komatsu Mfg Co Ltd Method of producing shaft with collar at intermediate portion thereof
JP2002336975A (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-26 Mitsubishi Automob Eng Co Ltd Method for friction-welding pipe members made of dissimilar materials
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