JP2019537498A - 光駆動イオンポンピング膜システム - Google Patents
光駆動イオンポンピング膜システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019537498A JP2019537498A JP2019513028A JP2019513028A JP2019537498A JP 2019537498 A JP2019537498 A JP 2019537498A JP 2019513028 A JP2019513028 A JP 2019513028A JP 2019513028 A JP2019513028 A JP 2019513028A JP 2019537498 A JP2019537498 A JP 2019537498A
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008062 neuronal firing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004424 polypyridyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003461 sulfonyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOCSUUGBCMTKJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate Chemical group CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCN AOCSUUGBCMTKJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSTNYACEWLNWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C2C(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 XSTNYACEWLNWPY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
bpy:2,2’−ビピリジン
bq:ビキノリン
PPA:ポリアリルアミン
ppy:フェニルピリジン
TPP:テトラフェニルポルフィリン
BPM:バイポーラ膜
PSBM:光酸増感バイポーラ膜
PFSA:ペルフルオロスルホン酸アイオノマー膜
PFSF:スルホニルフルオリドポリ(ペルフルオロスルホニルフルオリド)膜
AHA:Neosepta(登録商標)アニオン交換膜
cPFSA:PFSAに共有結合した光酸
iPFSA:PFSAにイオン会合した光酸
cPFSA|AHA:cPFSAおよびAHAの界面
X37:Sustainion(登録商標)ジオキシドX37アニオン交換膜
が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
、式中
が挙げられる。
式中
のいずれか1つによるものであり得る。
である。
式中
のいずれか1つである。
のいずれか1つによる光酸無機金属錯体であり得る。
、
、および
が挙げられる。
のいずれか1つによるものであり得る。
、
、および
が挙げられる。
が挙げられる。
が挙げられる。
式中、
が挙げられる。
式中
が含まれるがこれらに限定されない。
のいずれかによるものであり得る。
である。
であり得る。
であり得る。
、
、
、
、
、および
が挙げられる。
が挙げられる。
に限定されない。
によるものであり得る。
Claims (43)
- イオン交換またはイオン輸送(IX)プロセスに使用するためのイオンポンピング膜システム(100)であって、膜(110)に共有結合した光活性色素を有するイオン交換膜(110)を含み、光子源への曝露時に前記光活性色素が、再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受け、正に荷電したイオンを生成し、負に荷電したイオンを捕まえるように構成される、イオンポンピング膜システム(100)。
- 前記光子源が、太陽光、紫外線、可視光線、または近赤外線である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が前記イオン交換膜(110)の少なくとも表面に共有結合している、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。
- 前記イオン交換膜(110)が前記光活性色素でドープされている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記イオン交換膜に並置または取り付けられた第2の膜をさらに含み、前記膜システム(100)がバイポーラ膜である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記イオン交換膜がカチオン交換膜(110a)であり、前記第2の膜がアニオン交換膜(110b)である、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 脱塩チャンバー、請求項6に記載の膜システム、第2のカチオン交換膜、および第2のアニオン交換膜を含む脱塩システムであって、前記膜システム、前記第2のカチオン交換膜、および前記第2のアニオン交換膜が前記脱塩チャンバーに配設され、こうして前記膜が3つのチャンバーセクタに前記脱塩チャンバーを仕切るようにし、前記カチオン交換膜および前記アニオン交換膜は交互のパターンで配置され、前記IXプロセスの間、塩イオンを含有する流体が前記脱塩チャンバー内に配設され、前記イオン交換膜中の前記光活性色素の光励起により、前記再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応が生じ、正に荷電したイオンを生成し、負に荷電したイオンを捕まえ、前記第2のカチオン交換膜と前記第2のアニオン交換膜との間に配設された前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記塩イオンを輸送してそれぞれの膜を横断させることができ、それによって前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記流体から前記塩イオン含有量を低減する、脱塩システム。
- 前記イオン交換膜(110)が、前記光活性色素が共有結合しているポリマー膜(110c)を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記ポリマー膜(110c)が、ポリエチレンテレフタラート、ポリアクリル酸、ポリ(アクリル酸−ブチルメタクリラート)トリブロックコポリマー、ポリフェニレンオキシド、ポリスチレン、ポリイミド、ポリ乳酸、およびグルタルアルデヒドで架橋されたポリビニルアルコールからなる群から選択されるポリマー材料から合成される、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- カチオン交換膜(110a)およびアニオン交換膜(110b)をさらに含み、前記イオン交換膜(110c)が前記カチオン交換膜(110a)および前記アニオン交換膜(110b)に並置または取り付けられ、前記膜システム(100)がバイポーラ膜である、請求項8または9に記載のシステム。
- 脱塩チャンバー、請求項10に記載の膜システム、第2のカチオン交換膜、および第2のアニオン交換膜を含む脱塩システムであって、前記膜システム、前記第2のカチオン交換膜、および前記第2のアニオン交換膜が前記脱塩チャンバーに配設され、こうして前記膜が3つのチャンバーセクタに前記脱塩チャンバーを仕切るようにし、前記カチオン交換膜および前記アニオン交換膜は交互のパターンで配置され、前記IXプロセスの間、塩イオンを含有する流体が前記脱塩チャンバー内に配設され、前記イオン交換膜中の前記光活性色素の光励起により、前記再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応が生じ、正に荷電したイオンを生成し、負に荷電したイオンを捕まえ、前記第2のカチオン交換膜と前記第2のアニオン交換膜との間に配設された前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記塩イオンを輸送してそれぞれの膜を横断させることができ、それによって前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記流体から前記塩イオン含有量を低減する、脱塩システム。
- カチオン交換膜(110a)およびアニオン交換膜(110b)をさらに含み、前記イオン交換膜(110c)が前記カチオン交換膜(110a)および前記アニオン交換膜(110b)の間に配設される、請求項8または9に記載のシステム。
- 前記カチオン交換膜(110a)が前記アニオン交換膜(110b)に対して縁部方向に接続されて円筒形のIX管を形成し、前記イオン交換膜(110c)が前記カチオン交換膜(110a)および前記アニオン交換膜(110b)を縁部接続部で横断するように前記イオン交換膜(110c)が前記IX管内に配置され、前記イオン交換膜(110c)の光励起が、それぞれ前記カチオン交換膜(110a)または前記アニオン交換膜(110b)を横断させることによって前記IX管の外側から前記IX管の内側へ塩イオンを輸送可能にする、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 脱塩チャンバーおよび請求項13に記載の複数のIX管を含む脱塩システムであって、前記複数のIX管が、共に束ねられ、前記脱塩チャンバー内に配設され、前記IXプロセスの間、塩イオンを含有する流体が前記脱塩チャンバー内に配設され、各IX管の前記イオン交換膜(110c)中の前記光活性色素の光励起が、前記再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を生じ、正に荷電したイオンを生成し、負に荷電したイオンを捕まえ、これにより、それぞれカチオン交換膜(110a)またはアニオン交換膜(110b)を横断させることによって、前記IX管の外側から前記IX管の内側への前記流体中の前記塩イオンの輸送が可能になり、それによって各IX管の外側の前記流体から前記塩イオン含有量を低減させる、脱塩システム。
- 脱塩チャンバーおよび請求項12に記載の膜システム(100)を含む脱塩システムであって、前記イオン交換膜(110c)、カチオン交換膜(110a)およびアニオン交換膜(110b)は、前記膜が、前記脱塩チャンバーを3つのチャンバーセクタに仕切るように前記脱塩チャンバーに配設され、前記IXプロセスの間、塩イオンを含有する流体が前記脱塩チャンバー内に配設され、前記イオン交換膜(110c)中の前記光活性色素の光励起により、再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応が生じ、正に荷電したイオンを生成し、負に荷電したイオンを捕まえ、前記カチオン交換膜(110a)と前記第アニオン交換膜(110b)との間に配設された前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記塩イオンを輸送してそれぞれの膜を横断させることができ、それによって前記チャンバーセクタ中の前記流体から前記塩イオン含有量を低減する、脱塩システム。
- 前記光活性色素が、光酸、光塩基、または光酸もしくは光塩基無機金属錯体である、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が、光駆動イオン放出または捕捉を実行するように構成されている、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が光酸であり、前記光酸が、光子源への曝露時に前記光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて前記IXプロセスに使用するためのプロトンを生成するように再生可能および可逆的であり、前記光酸は再生時に水酸化物イオンを生成する、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が、以下の化合物:
のいずれか1つによる光酸である、請求項16に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が、ドナーコアと、前記ドナーコアに結合した少なくとも1つのアクセプタ成分とを含む光酸である、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光酸が、前記ドナーコアに結合した1個、2個、または3個のアクセプタ成分を含む、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- 前記アクセプタ成分が以下の構造:
式中
のいずれか1つによるものである、請求項20または21に記載のシステム。 - 前記ドナーコアが、以下の構造:
式中
のいずれか1つによるものである、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が複数の配位子を有する光酸量子ドットであり、前記配位子がヒドロキシル基またはスルホナート基を有する、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光酸量子ドットが以下の構造:
によるものである、請求項24に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が光塩基であり、前記光塩基が、前記光子源への曝露時に前記光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて前記IXプロセスに使用するための水酸化物イオンを生成するように再生可能および可逆的であり、前記光塩基は再生時にプロトンを生成する、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が、以下の化合物:
式中
のいずれか1つによる光塩基である、請求項16に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が、以下の構造:
または
のいずれか1つに記載の光酸無機金属錯体である、請求項16に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が、以下の化合物:
、
、
、
、
、または
のいずれか1つによる光酸無機金属錯体である、請求項28に記載のシステム。 - 前記光活性色素が、金属基と、プロトン化基で修飾されたジチオール配位子とを含む光酸無機金属錯体である、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記金属基が、Pt、Pd、またはNiである、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記プロトン化基が、−OHまたは−NH3 +である、請求項16に記載のシステム。
- 前記光活性色素が、以下の構造:
のいずれか1つによる光塩基無機金属錯体である、請求項16に記載のシステム。 - イオン交換またはイオン輸送(IX)プロセスに使用するためのイオン交換膜を調製する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)光活性色素を提供する工程、および
b)前記光活性色素を膜に添加し、こうしてカップリング反応を介して前記光活性色素が前記膜に共有結合し、前記イオン交換膜を形成するようにする工程を含み、
前記光活性色素が、光子源への曝露時に光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて前記IXプロセスに使用するための正に荷電したイオンまたは負に荷電したイオンを生成するように前記光活性色素は再生可能および可逆的であり、前記光活性色素は、再生時に反対電荷の第2のイオンを生成する、方法。 - 前記膜がポリマーフィルムまたはカチオン交換膜である、請求項34に記載の方法。
- イオン交換またはイオン輸送(IX)プロセスに使用するための請求項5に記載のバイポーラ膜を調製する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)光活性色素を提供する工程、
b)前記光活性色素をカチオン交換膜に添加し、こうしてカップリング反応を介して前記光活性色素が前記カチオン交換膜に共有結合し、色素増感膜を形成するようにする工程、
c)前記色素増感膜をアニオン交換膜に配置して、二層構造を形成する工程、および
d)前記二層構造を加熱加圧して前記バイポーラ膜を形成する工程、を含み、
前記光活性色素が、光子源への曝露時に光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて前記IXプロセスに使用するための正に荷電したイオンまたは負に荷電したイオンを生成するように前記光活性色素は再生可能および可逆的であり、前記光活性色素は、再生時に反対電荷の第2のイオンを生成する、方法。 - 前記二層構造が約95〜160℃の範囲の温度で約20〜40分間0〜2トンの印加圧力で加熱加圧される、請求項36に記載の方法。
- イオン交換またはイオン輸送(IX)プロセスに使用するための請求項10に記載のバイポーラ膜を調製する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)光活性色素を提供する工程、
b)前記光活性色素をポリマー膜に添加し、こうしてカップリング反応を介して前記光活性色素が前記ポリマー膜に共有結合し、色素増感膜を形成するようにする工程、
c)前記色素増感膜をアニオン交換膜にキャスティングする工程、
d)前記アニオン交換膜上にキャスティングされた前記色素増感膜にカチオン交換膜を配置して、こうして前記色素増感膜を、前記アニオン交換膜と前記カチオン交換膜との間に並置して三層構造を形成するようにする工程、
e)前記三層構造をアニールして、前記バイポーラ膜を形成する工程を含み、
前記光活性色素が、光子源への曝露時に光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて前記IXプロセスに使用するための正に荷電したイオンまたは負に荷電したイオンを生成するように前記光活性色素は再生可能および可逆的であり、前記光活性色素は、再生時に反対電荷の第2のイオンを生成する、方法。 - 前記色素増感膜が、ドクターブレード法を介して前記アニオン交換膜上にキャスティングされる、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 前記三層構造が、約95〜170℃の範囲の温度で約20〜40分間アニールされる、請求項38または39に記載の方法。
- 光子源への曝露時にイオンを発生させるための光活性色素であって、前記光活性色素が、再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて、正に荷電したイオンおよび負に荷電したイオンを生成するように構成され、前記光活性色素が、再生時に反対電荷の第2のイオンを生成し、前記光活性色素は、基材に対して共有結合できる、光活性色素。
- 前記基材がポリマーまたはイオン交換膜である、請求項41に記載の光活性色素。
- 塩イオンを含有する流体を脱塩する方法であって、前記方法が、
a)前記流体を、請求項7、11、15または16のいずれか一項に記載の脱塩システムに添加する工程であって、前記流体が、前記システムの脱塩チャンバーに配設され、前記膜と接触する工程、
b)前記色素増感膜を光子源に曝し、前記色素増感膜中の前記光活性色素が、再生可能および可逆的な光駆動解離または光駆動会合反応を受けて、正に荷電したイオンおよび負に荷電したイオンを生成し、前記塩イオンが前記流体から輸送可能になり、それによって前記流体の前記塩イオン濃度を低減させる工程を含む、方法。
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