JP2019179177A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display element Download PDF

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JP2019179177A
JP2019179177A JP2018069157A JP2018069157A JP2019179177A JP 2019179177 A JP2019179177 A JP 2019179177A JP 2018069157 A JP2018069157 A JP 2018069157A JP 2018069157 A JP2018069157 A JP 2018069157A JP 2019179177 A JP2019179177 A JP 2019179177A
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liquid crystal
alignment film
display element
crystal display
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JP6932104B2 (en
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吉田 英治
Eiji Yoshida
英治 吉田
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Citizen Watch Co Ltd
Citizen Fine Device Co Ltd
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Abstract

To provide a liquid crystal display element capable of imparting a certain pretilt angle and a high orientation property to a liquid crystal.SOLUTION: A deposition orientation film 103 having a column structure is formed on surfaces opposed to each other in a first electrode substrate 101 and a second electrode substrate 102, and an optical orientation film 104 is further formed on the surfaces. The column structure included in the deposition orientation film 103 imparts a certain pretilt angle to a liquid crystal 105 enclosed between the first electrode substrate 101 and the second electrode substrate 102, and the liquid crystal is oriented in accordance with anisotropy included in the optical orientation film 104.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、液晶表示素子に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element.

強誘電性液晶は、その強誘電性液晶分子(以下、単に液晶分子と言う)が有する自発分極の強さにより、基板間に印加される電界との相互作用が強いことから、一般的に使用されているネマティック液晶より極めて早い応答性を有し、ネマティック液晶を用いた今日の液晶表示素子において問題とされている動画のちらつき、画像処理速度において高い改善能力を示す。   Ferroelectric liquid crystals are generally used because of their strong interaction with the electric field applied between the substrates due to the strength of the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules (hereinafter simply referred to as liquid crystal molecules). It has a much faster response than conventional nematic liquid crystals, and exhibits a high improvement capability in moving image flicker and image processing speed, which are problems in today's liquid crystal display devices using nematic liquid crystals.

また、基板間隔(セルギャップ)を1μm以下に制御することにより、強誘電性液晶の特徴である螺旋構造が消失され、液晶分子は、強誘電性液晶層方向の略垂直方向に、左右にそれぞれ或る角度で安定する。その左右の2方向間をスイッチングすることによって、入射する光の偏光状態を変え、ポラライザーに光を透過させるか否かを決定させる。前述の状態において、液晶分子は駆動電圧のON、OFFをするだけのきわめて単純な駆動原理で光の偏光状態の制御が可能となる。   In addition, by controlling the substrate interval (cell gap) to 1 μm or less, the spiral structure that is characteristic of ferroelectric liquid crystal disappears, and the liquid crystal molecules are respectively left and right substantially in the direction perpendicular to the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer direction. Stable at a certain angle. By switching between the two left and right directions, the polarization state of incident light is changed, and the polarizer is made to decide whether or not to transmit light. In the above-described state, the liquid crystal molecules can control the polarization state of light by a very simple driving principle that simply turns the driving voltage on and off.

ところで、セルギャップの小さいSSFLCD(表面安定化強誘電性液晶表示素子)においては、自発分極による強い分子間の相互作用から、液晶層を所定の方向に配向させるための強い配向規制力が必要であり、配向膜からの相互作用が重要となる。   By the way, in the SSFLCD (surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display device) having a small cell gap, a strong alignment regulating force for aligning the liquid crystal layer in a predetermined direction is required due to strong intermolecular interaction due to spontaneous polarization. Yes, the interaction from the alignment film is important.

さらに、SSFLCDの配向においては、液晶の捩れ構造が発生し、液晶層間の間隔が広くなるが、その間隔を埋めるため、液晶層には、くの字の形状となる、いわゆる「シェプロン構造」が発生する。このシェプロン構造は、液晶分子の長軸方向に対し2方向のいずれかの変化を生じる。   Further, in the orientation of the SSFLCD, a twisted structure of liquid crystal occurs, and the interval between the liquid crystal layers is widened, but in order to fill the interval, the liquid crystal layer has a so-called “Shepron structure” that is shaped like a character. appear. This shepron structure causes a change in one of two directions with respect to the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules.

液晶を配向させる配向方法としては、基板上に配向膜を作成し、配向膜に異方性をもたせることが必要となる。一般的には、有機配向膜を使用したラビング処理方法、光感光性有機膜を用いた光配向膜法、有機あるいは無機材料を蒸着等の処理にて膜形成を行う蒸着法などが知られている。   As an alignment method for aligning the liquid crystal, it is necessary to create an alignment film on the substrate and to make the alignment film anisotropic. In general, a rubbing treatment method using an organic alignment film, a photo-alignment film method using a photosensitive organic film, a vapor deposition method for forming a film by a process such as vapor deposition of an organic or inorganic material, and the like are known. Yes.

しかしながら、自発分極を有し液晶分子間の相互作用が強い強誘電性液晶においては、上記配向方法においてはそれぞれ課題を有しており、利用するアプリケーション、例えば画像表示素子等において表示品位の低下、信頼性の問題等が懸念される。具体的には、ラビング処理方法においては、物理的な接触に伴うパーティクルの発生、キズやスジムラの発生が挙げられる。また、カラム構造を有し比較的密度の薄い膜になる蒸着配向膜においては、強誘電性液晶を配向させるためのいわゆるアンカリングエネルギーの不足、カラム構造内に液晶分子が入り込み所定の配向方向が得られないという懸念がある。また、プレティルト角を持たない光配向膜においては、プレティルト角の不足に拠るC1、C2配向の混在に伴うジグザグ欠陥の発生などが挙げられる。   However, in the ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization and strong interaction between liquid crystal molecules, each of the above-mentioned alignment methods has a problem, and the display quality deteriorates in the application to be used, for example, an image display element, There are concerns about reliability issues. Specifically, in the rubbing treatment method, generation of particles due to physical contact, generation of scratches and uneven stripes can be mentioned. In addition, in a vapor deposition alignment film having a column structure and a relatively low density, the so-called anchoring energy for aligning the ferroelectric liquid crystal is insufficient, the liquid crystal molecules enter the column structure and a predetermined alignment direction is present. There is a concern that it cannot be obtained. In addition, in a photo-alignment film having no pretilt angle, the generation of zigzag defects due to the mixture of C1 and C2 alignment due to insufficient pretilt angle can be mentioned.

特に表面安定化強誘電性液晶表示素子においては、膜に粗さが目立つ蒸着配向膜では配向力が乏しい。それを改善するための方法として、例えば特開平1-234824に記載されている方法においては、蒸着配向膜上に水平配向膜を形成することにより蒸着配向膜を平坦化することが提案されている。また、特許第2724838号に記載されている方法においては、蒸着配向膜上に有機配向膜を形成してラビング処理を行なうことが提案されている。   In particular, in the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element, the alignment force is poor in the vapor-deposition alignment film in which the roughness is conspicuous. As a method for improving this, for example, in the method described in JP-A-1-234824, it has been proposed to flatten the vapor deposition alignment film by forming a horizontal alignment film on the vapor deposition alignment film. . Further, in the method described in Japanese Patent No. 2724838, it is proposed that an organic alignment film is formed on the vapor deposition alignment film and a rubbing process is performed.

特開平1-234824JP-A-1-234824 特許第2724838号Japanese Patent No. 2724838

特許文献1、2に記載されている方法では、液晶に対し一定のプレティルト角を与えることができるが、以下に示すような問題がある。特許文献1に記載されている方法では、水平配向膜による配向力そのものの低下が生じる懸念があり、配向膜との強い相互作用が必要な強誘電性液晶などにおいては十分な配向力を得られない。特許文献2に記載されている方法では、有機配向膜に対するラビング処理の物理的な接触処理においてパーティクルの発生、スジムラの発生が懸念されることに加え、カラム構造を有する蒸着配向膜上においては、その表面粗さから有効なラビング処理効果が得られず、十分な配向力が得られない場合がある。これらの問題は、表面安定化強誘電性液晶表示素子において顕著であるが、その他の液晶表示素子においても同様に発生し得る。   The methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 can give a constant pretilt angle to the liquid crystal, but have the following problems. In the method described in Patent Document 1, there is a concern that the alignment force itself is lowered by the horizontal alignment film, and a sufficient alignment force can be obtained in a ferroelectric liquid crystal or the like that requires a strong interaction with the alignment film. Absent. In the method described in Patent Document 2, in addition to concerns about the generation of particles and the occurrence of uneven stripes in the physical contact process of the rubbing process to the organic alignment film, on the vapor deposition alignment film having a column structure, In some cases, an effective rubbing treatment effect cannot be obtained from the surface roughness, and a sufficient orientation force cannot be obtained. These problems are conspicuous in the surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element, but may occur in other liquid crystal display elements as well.

本発明は、以上の問題点に鑑みて成されたものであり、液晶に対し一定のプレティルト角と高い配向性を与えることが可能な液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element capable of giving a certain pretilt angle and high orientation to liquid crystals.

液晶に電圧を印加するための電極を有する第1電極基板と第2電極基板とが貼り合わされることにより生じた両基板間の隙間に液晶が封入された液晶表示素子であって、前記第1電極基板と前記第2電極基板のうち少なくとも一方には、前記液晶を配向させる第1配向膜と第2配向膜とが形成され、前記第1配向膜は、カラム構造を有する配向膜であり、前記第2配向膜は、光配向膜であり、且つ、前記第1配向膜の上に形成されている、液晶表示素子とする。   A liquid crystal display element in which liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between both substrates formed by bonding a first electrode substrate having an electrode for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal and a second electrode substrate, A first alignment film and a second alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal are formed on at least one of the electrode substrate and the second electrode substrate, and the first alignment film is an alignment film having a column structure, The second alignment film is a photo-alignment film and is a liquid crystal display element formed on the first alignment film.

前記液晶は、強誘電性液晶である液晶表示素子であっても良い。   The liquid crystal may be a liquid crystal display element that is a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

前記第1配向膜は、斜方蒸着法にて成膜されたものである液晶表示素子であっても良い。   The first alignment film may be a liquid crystal display element formed by oblique vapor deposition.

前記第2配向膜は、前記第1配向膜と同等以下の厚さを有する液晶表示素子であっても良い。   The second alignment film may be a liquid crystal display element having a thickness equal to or less than that of the first alignment film.

本発明によれば、液晶に対し一定のプレティルト角と高い配向性を与えることが可能な液晶表示素子を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the liquid crystal display element which can give a fixed pretilt angle and high orientation with respect to a liquid crystal can be provided.

本発明の実施形態に係る液晶表示素子の縦断面図1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る液晶表示素子の縦断面図1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

本発明の実施形態に係る液晶表示素子は、例えば強い配向規制力とシェプロン構造の制御のための一定のプレティルト角が必要な表面安定化強誘電性液晶表示素子であり、パーティクルやスジムラの発生を抑制し、且つ液晶に高い配向力と一定のプレティルト角を与えることを可能とする配向膜の構造有している。具体的には、カラム構造を有したSiO2蒸着膜から成る蒸着配向膜の上に、光感光性を持った有機膜から成る光配向膜が積層された配向膜の構造を有している。これにより、パーティクルやスジムラを発生させず、且つ液晶に高い配向力と一定のプレティルト角を与えることが可能となり、強誘電性液晶におけるジグザグ欠陥の発生を抑制することが出来る。   A liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment of the present invention is a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display element that requires a certain pretilt angle for controlling, for example, a strong alignment regulating force and a shepron structure, and generates particles and uneven stripes. It has a structure of an alignment film that can suppress and give a high alignment force and a constant pretilt angle to the liquid crystal. Specifically, it has a structure of an alignment film in which a photo-alignment film made of an organic film having photosensitivity is laminated on a vapor-deposition alignment film made of a SiO 2 vapor-deposition film having a column structure. Thereby, it becomes possible to give a high alignment force and a constant pretilt angle to the liquid crystal without generating particles and stripes, and to suppress the occurrence of zigzag defects in the ferroelectric liquid crystal.

本実施形態に係る液晶表示素子においては、一定のプレティルト角を第1層の蒸着配向膜から得るため、第1層の蒸着配向膜のカラム構造に所定の角度を有している。また、第1層の蒸着配向膜からプレティルト角を効果的に得るため、第1層の蒸着配向膜の上に形成される第2層の光配向膜は、第1層の蒸着配向膜と同等以下の膜厚を有している。更に、高い配向力を第2層の光配向膜から得るため、第2層の光配向膜は、例えば偏光UV等にて所定の方向に異方性が付与されている。   In the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment, in order to obtain a certain pretilt angle from the first layer of vapor deposition alignment film, the column structure of the first layer of vapor deposition alignment film has a predetermined angle. Further, in order to effectively obtain the pretilt angle from the vapor deposition alignment film of the first layer, the photo alignment film of the second layer formed on the vapor deposition alignment film of the first layer is equivalent to the vapor deposition alignment film of the first layer. It has the following film thickness. Further, in order to obtain a high alignment force from the second-layer photo-alignment film, the second-layer photo-alignment film is provided with anisotropy in a predetermined direction by, for example, polarized UV.

以下、本実施形態に係る液晶表示素子のより具体的な構成を説明する。図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る液晶表示素子の縦断面図であり、液晶表示素子の内部に液晶が封入される前の状態を示している。図1に示すように、液晶に電圧を印加するための電極(不図示)が形成された電極基板101、102(例えば、それぞれシリコン基板、ガラス基板)の上にSiO2を斜方蒸着法にて成膜した第1層の蒸着配向膜103が形成され、その上に光感光性を持った有機膜から成る第2層の光配向膜104が形成される。光配向膜104の形成についてはいくつか製法が考えられるが、例えばスピンコート法などが挙げられる。   Hereinafter, a more specific configuration of the liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state before liquid crystal is sealed inside the liquid crystal display element. As shown in FIG. 1, SiO2 is formed by oblique deposition on electrode substrates 101 and 102 (for example, a silicon substrate and a glass substrate, respectively) on which electrodes (not shown) for applying a voltage to liquid crystal are formed. The deposited first alignment film 103 is formed, and a second photo-alignment film 104 made of an organic film having photosensitivity is formed thereon. For the formation of the photo-alignment film 104, several production methods can be considered.

蒸着配向膜103は各電極基板101、102の表面に対して一定の角度で傾斜する複数のカラム構造を有しており、各カラム構造の間に空間が生じている。その空間に光配向膜104が入り込み、またカラム構造の上部表面を覆うように光配向膜104が形成される。この状態において、蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104の総膜厚は、蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104のそれぞれの膜厚の合計より薄くなる。蒸着配向膜103のプレティルトの効果を得るため、蒸着配向膜103は光配向膜104の下に完全に埋まらず、そのカラム構造が光配向膜104の表面形状に一定の方向性を与える必要がある。そのため、光配向膜104は、蒸着配向膜103と同等の厚さの膜、もしくはそれよりも薄い膜とされている。更に、光配向膜104は、液晶に対する十分な配向力、及びアンカリングエネルギーを得るため、例えば偏光UV等により一定方向に感光を行い、異方性が付与されている。   The vapor deposition alignment film 103 has a plurality of column structures inclined at a constant angle with respect to the surfaces of the electrode substrates 101 and 102, and a space is generated between the column structures. The photo-alignment film 104 enters the space, and the photo-alignment film 104 is formed so as to cover the upper surface of the column structure. In this state, the total film thickness of the vapor deposition alignment film 103 and the photo alignment film 104 is thinner than the total film thickness of each of the vapor deposition alignment film 103 and the photo alignment film 104. In order to obtain the pretilt effect of the vapor deposition alignment film 103, the vapor deposition alignment film 103 is not completely buried under the photo alignment film 104, and its column structure needs to give a certain direction to the surface shape of the photo alignment film 104. . Therefore, the photo-alignment film 104 is a film having a thickness equivalent to that of the vapor deposition alignment film 103 or a film thinner than that. Furthermore, the photo-alignment film 104 is exposed to anisotropy by, for example, sensitizing light with polarized UV light or the like in order to obtain a sufficient alignment force and anchoring energy for the liquid crystal.

図2は、本発明の実施形態に係る液晶表示素子の縦断面図であり、液晶表示素子の内部に液晶が封入された後の状態を示している。上述のように蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104が形成された1対の電極基板(電極基板101、102)を、概ね枠状のシール材(スペーサーを含む場合がある)を介して互いに貼り合わせることで生じた隙間(セルギャップ)に、強誘電性液晶からなる液晶105を封入することで、図2に示す液晶表示素子が構成されている。1対の基板間に封入された液晶105は、各電極基板101、102に形成された光配向膜104の異方性に従い適宜配向している。また、光配向膜104との界面に接する液晶105は、蒸着配向膜103からのカラム角度の影響を受け一定のプレティルト角が付与されている。これにより、液晶105のシェプロン構造106が一定の方向に制限され、ジグザグ欠陥の発生が抑制されている。また、ラビング処理を必要としない蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104においては、パーティクルやスジムラが発生する懸念はない。   FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the liquid crystal display element according to the embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state after liquid crystal is sealed inside the liquid crystal display element. As described above, a pair of electrode substrates (electrode substrates 101 and 102) on which the vapor-deposition alignment film 103 and the photo-alignment film 104 are formed are attached to each other via a generally frame-shaped sealing material (which may include a spacer). The liquid crystal display element shown in FIG. 2 is configured by enclosing a liquid crystal 105 made of a ferroelectric liquid crystal in a gap (cell gap) generated by the alignment. The liquid crystal 105 sealed between the pair of substrates is appropriately aligned according to the anisotropy of the photo-alignment film 104 formed on each of the electrode substrates 101 and 102. The liquid crystal 105 in contact with the interface with the photo-alignment film 104 is given a certain pretilt angle under the influence of the column angle from the vapor deposition alignment film 103. Thereby, the shepron structure 106 of the liquid crystal 105 is restricted in a certain direction, and the occurrence of zigzag defects is suppressed. Further, in the vapor deposition alignment film 103 and the photo alignment film 104 that do not require a rubbing treatment, there is no concern that particles or uneven stripes are generated.

以上の実施形態において、液晶105は、ネマティック液晶などであっても良い。但し、本発明は、液晶105が強誘電性液晶である場合に特に有効である。   In the above embodiment, the liquid crystal 105 may be a nematic liquid crystal or the like. However, the present invention is particularly effective when the liquid crystal 105 is a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

蒸着配向膜103は、蒸着法以外の方法を用いて形成された配向膜であっても良い。   The vapor deposition alignment film 103 may be an alignment film formed using a method other than the vapor deposition method.

光配向膜104は、蒸着配向膜103よりも厚い膜であっても良い。但し、光配向膜104は、蒸着配向膜103と同等の厚さの膜であるのが望ましく、それよりも薄い膜であるのがより望ましい。   The photo-alignment film 104 may be a film that is thicker than the vapor deposition alignment film 103. However, the photo-alignment film 104 is desirably a film having the same thickness as the vapor-deposition alignment film 103, and more desirably a thinner film.

蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104とが積層された配向膜は、電極基板101、102のうち何れか一方のみに形成され、他方にはそれとは異なる配向膜(例えば、単層の配向膜)が形成されていても良い。但し、蒸着配向膜103と光配向膜104とが積層された配向膜は、電極基板101、102の両方に形成されているのが望ましい。   The alignment film in which the deposited alignment film 103 and the photo-alignment film 104 are laminated is formed on only one of the electrode substrates 101 and 102, and the other is different from the alignment film (for example, a single-layer alignment film). May be formed. However, the alignment film in which the vapor alignment film 103 and the photo-alignment film 104 are laminated is preferably formed on both the electrode substrates 101 and 102.

101、102 電極基板
103 蒸着配向膜
104 光配向膜
105 液晶
106 シェプロン構造
101, 102 Electrode substrate 103 Deposition alignment film 104 Photo-alignment film 105 Liquid crystal 106 Shepron structure

Claims (4)

液晶に電圧を印加するための電極を有する第1電極基板と第2電極基板とが貼り合わされることにより生じた両基板間の隙間に液晶が封入された液晶表示素子であって、
前記第1電極基板と前記第2電極基板のうち少なくとも一方には、前記液晶を配向させる第1配向膜と第2配向膜とが形成され、
前記第1配向膜は、カラム構造を有する配向膜であり、
前記第2配向膜は、光配向膜であり、且つ、前記第1配向膜の上に形成されている、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
A liquid crystal display element in which liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between both substrates formed by bonding a first electrode substrate having an electrode for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal and a second electrode substrate,
A first alignment film and a second alignment film for aligning the liquid crystal are formed on at least one of the first electrode substrate and the second electrode substrate,
The first alignment film is an alignment film having a column structure,
The second alignment film is a photo-alignment film and is formed on the first alignment film.
The liquid crystal display element characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記液晶は、強誘電性液晶であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶表示素子。   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal is a ferroelectric liquid crystal. 前記第1配向膜は、斜方蒸着法にて成膜されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の液晶表示素子   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the first alignment film is formed by oblique vapor deposition. 前記第2配向膜は、前記第1配向膜と同等以下の厚さを有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか一つに記載の液晶表示素子。   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the second alignment film has a thickness equal to or less than that of the first alignment film.
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