JP2019168533A - Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method - Google Patents
Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019168533A JP2019168533A JP2018054919A JP2018054919A JP2019168533A JP 2019168533 A JP2019168533 A JP 2019168533A JP 2018054919 A JP2018054919 A JP 2018054919A JP 2018054919 A JP2018054919 A JP 2018054919A JP 2019168533 A JP2019168533 A JP 2019168533A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- image
- electrostatic charge
- developing
- charge image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 76
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 240
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 24
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 23
- -1 ethylene, Propylene Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 20
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005792 styrene-acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- JLIDVCMBCGBIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-penten-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C=C JLIDVCMBCGBIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001927 ruthenium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-N-[8-[[8-(4-aminoanilino)-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]amino]-10-phenylphenazin-10-ium-2-yl]-8-N,10-diphenylphenazin-10-ium-2,8-diamine hydroxy-oxido-dioxochromium Chemical compound O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.Nc1ccc(Nc2ccc3nc4ccc(Nc5ccc6nc7ccc(Nc8ccc9nc%10ccc(Nc%11ccccc%11)cc%10[n+](-c%10ccccc%10)c9c8)cc7[n+](-c7ccccc7)c6c5)cc4[n+](-c4ccccc4)c3c2)cc1 FWLHAQYOFMQTHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxo-n-phenylbutanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(C(=O)C)N=NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MFYSUUPKMDJYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVTXLKJBAYGTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)C=C XVTXLKJBAYGTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- REEFSLKDEDEWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloraniformethan Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(NC(NC=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C=C1Cl REEFSLKDEDEWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CuO Inorganic materials [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical class CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000004 White lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+) 5-chloro-2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O.C1=C(Cl)C(C)=CC(N=NC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2O)=C1S([O-])(=O)=O POJOORKDYOPQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBHZKFOUIUMKHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1982121 Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HBHZKFOUIUMKHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxazine Chemical compound O1ON=CC=C1 PPSZHCXTGRHULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLYDMIIYRWUYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[(3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4h-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)C1N=NC(C(=C1)Cl)=CC=C1C(C=C1Cl)=CC=C1N=NC(C(=N1)C(=O)OCC)C(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 PLYDMIIYRWUYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003703 image analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010187 litholrubine BK Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002712 malachite green oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004206 montan acid ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013872 montan acid ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacosanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UTOPWMOLSKOLTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical class C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006215 polyvinyl ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012752 quinoline yellow Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004172 quinoline yellow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051201 quinoline yellow Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001017 thiazole dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBKBGHZMNFTKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium 2-[(2-oxido-3-sulfo-6-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)[O-])N=NC2=C3C=CC(=CC3=CC(=C2[O-])S(=O)(=O)O)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] RBKBGHZMNFTKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、静電荷像現像用トナー、静電荷像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置、及び画像形成方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an electrostatic charge image developing toner, an electrostatic charge image developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method.
電子写真法など、静電荷像を経て画像情報を可視化する方法は、現在さまざまな分野で利用されている。
従来、電子写真法においては、感光体や静電記録体上に種々の手段を用いて静電潜像を形成し、この静電潜像にトナーと呼ばれる検電性粒子を付着させて静電潜像（トナー像）を現像し、被転写体表面に転写し、加熱等により定着する、という複数の工程を経て、可視化する方法が一般的に使用されている。
Methods for visualizing image information through an electrostatic charge image, such as electrophotography, are currently used in various fields.
Conventionally, in electrophotography, an electrostatic latent image is formed on a photosensitive member or an electrostatic recording body using various means, and electrostatic particles called toner are attached to the electrostatic latent image to electrostatically charge it. Generally, a method of visualizing through a plurality of steps of developing a latent image (toner image), transferring it onto the surface of a transfer medium, and fixing it by heating or the like is generally used.
特許文献１には、結着剤樹脂と着色剤とを含有する現像剤であって、現像剤粒子を水溶液中に懸濁させ、この懸濁液を通過させつつ、懸濁液中の現像剤粒子を静止画像として撮像し、画像解析により粒子像の投影面積と周囲長とから現像剤粒子の円相当径と円形度とを求めた場合、現像剤粒子の５０％平均径Ａと、１０％平均径Ｂの比Ｂ／Ａが４０〜８０％、平均円形度が０．９３〜１．０、かつ円形度０．８５以下の割合が３．０％以下であることを特徴とする現像剤が開示されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a developer containing a binder resin and a colorant, in which developer particles are suspended in an aqueous solution, and the developer in the suspension is passed through the suspension. When the particles are captured as a still image, and the equivalent circle diameter and circularity of the developer particles are obtained from the projected area and peripheral length of the particle image by image analysis, the 50% average diameter A of the developer particles and 10% A developer having an average diameter B ratio B / A of 40 to 80%, an average circularity of 0.93 to 1.0, and a ratio of the circularity of 0.85 or less is 3.0% or less. Is disclosed.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、下記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が２．０未満であるか、又は、２．８を超える場合に比べ、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラを抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーを提供することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the surface property index value represented by the following formula S is less than 2.0 or more than 2.8, the occurrence of white spots in the image and the image An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic image that suppresses uneven gloss.
前記課題を解決するための具体的手段には、下記の態様が含まれる。
＜１＞ 下記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が、２．０以上２．８以下である静電荷像現像用トナー。
（表面性指標値）＝（比表面積実測値）／（比表面積計算値） 式Ｓ
（比表面積計算値）＝（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される表面積の和）／｛（トナーの比重）×（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される体積の和）｝
＜２＞ 結着樹脂、及び、離型剤を含有する＜１＞に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜３＞ トナー中の離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の個数をａ、５より下の個数をｂとしたとき、１．０＜ａ／ｂ＜８．０である＜２＞に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜４＞ トナー粒子断面における離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の面積をｃ、５より下の面積をｄとしたとき、１．０＜ｃ／ｄ＜４．０である＜３＞に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜５＞ 前記離型剤の融解温度が、６５℃以上１００℃以下である＜２＞乃至＜４＞のいずれか１つに記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜６＞ 前記離型剤の融解温度が、７０℃以上９５℃以下である＜５＞に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜７＞ 荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定した前記トナーの溶融粘度が、９０℃以上１４０℃以下である＜１＞乃至＜６＞のいずれか１つに記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜８＞ 荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定した前記トナーの溶融粘度が、９５℃以上１３０℃以下である＜７＞に記載の静電荷像現像用トナー。
＜９＞ ＜１＞乃至＜８＞のいずれか１つに記載の静電荷像現像用トナーを含む静電荷像現像剤。
＜１０＞ ＜１＞乃至＜８＞のいずれか１つに記載の静電荷像現像用トナーを収容し、画像形成装置に着脱されるトナーカートリッジ。
＜１１＞ ＜９＞に記載の静電荷像現像剤を収容し、前記静電荷像現像剤により、像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像手段を備え、画像形成装置に着脱されるプロセスカートリッジ。
＜１２＞ 像保持体と、前記像保持体の表面を帯電する帯電手段と、帯電した前記像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成手段と、＜９＞に記載の静電荷像現像剤を収容し、前記静電荷像現像剤により、前記像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像手段と、前記像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写手段と、前記記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着手段と、を備える画像形成装置。
＜１３＞像保持体の表面を帯電する帯電工程と、帯電した前記像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成工程と、＜９＞に記載の静電荷像現像剤により、前記像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像工程と、前記像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写工程と、前記記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着工程と、を有する画像形成方法。
Specific means for solving the above-described problems include the following modes.
<1> A toner for developing electrostatic images having a surface property index value represented by the following formula S of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less.
(Surface property index value) = (actual value of specific surface area) / (calculated value of specific surface area) Formula S
(Calculated value of specific surface area) = (Sum of surface areas calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) / {(specific gravity of toner) × (4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) Sum of volumes calculated from equivalent circle diameter)}
<2> The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <1>, which contains a binder resin and a release agent.
<3> When the number of the release agent in the toner having an aspect ratio of 5 or more is a and the number below 5 is b, 1.0 <a / b <8.0. Toner for developing electrostatic images.
<4><3> where 1.0 <c / d <4.0, where c is an area where the aspect ratio of the release agent in the toner particle cross section is 5 or more and d is an area below 5. Toner for developing electrostatic images.
<5> The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to any one of <2> to <4>, wherein a melting temperature of the release agent is 65 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower.
<6> The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to <5>, wherein the release agent has a melting temperature of 70 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower.
<7> The electrostatic charge image developing device according to any one of <1> to <6>, wherein the toner has a melt viscosity of 90 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. or lower as measured by a flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 . toner.
<8> The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to <7>, wherein the toner has a melt viscosity of 95 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower as measured by a flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 .
<9> An electrostatic image developer comprising the electrostatic image developing toner according to any one of <1> to <8>.
<10> A toner cartridge that accommodates the electrostatic image developing toner according to any one of <1> to <8> and is attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.
<11> A developing unit that contains the electrostatic charge image developer according to <9>, and that develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image with the electrostatic charge image developer. A process cartridge attached to and detached from the forming apparatus.
<12> An image carrier, a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic image forming unit that forms an electrostatic image on the charged surface of the image carrier, and the electrostatic image according to <9>. Developing means for containing a charge image developer and developing the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image with the electrostatic image developer; and a toner formed on the surface of the image carrier An image forming apparatus comprising: a transfer unit that transfers an image to a surface of a recording medium; and a fixing unit that fixes a toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium.
<13> A charging step for charging the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic charge image forming step for forming an electrostatic image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and the electrostatic image developer according to <9>. A developing step of developing the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image, a transfer step of transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to the surface of the recording medium, and the recording medium A fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the surface of the image forming method.
前記＜１＞乃至＜４＞に係る発明によれば、前記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が２．０未満であるか、又は、２．８を超える場合に比べ、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラを抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
前記＜５＞に係る発明によれば、離型剤の融解温度が、６５℃未満、又は、１００℃を超える場合に比べ、画像の光沢ムラをより抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
前記＜６＞に係る発明によれば、離型剤の融解温度が、７０℃未満、又は、９５℃を超える場合に比べ、画像の光沢ムラをより抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
前記＜７＞に係る発明によれば、荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定したトナーの溶融粘度が、９０℃未満、又は、１４０℃を超える場合に比べ、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラをより抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
前記＜８＞に係る発明によれば、荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定したトナーの溶融粘度が、９５℃未満、又は、１３０℃を超える場合に比べ、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラをより抑制する静電荷像現像用トナーが提供される。
前記＜９＞乃至＜１３＞に係る発明によれば、前記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が２．０未満であるか、又は、２．８を超える静電荷像現像用トナーを適用した場合に比べ、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラを抑制する静電荷像現像剤、トナーカートリッジ、プロセスカートリッジ、画像形成装置又は画像形成方法が提供される。
According to the invention according to <1> to <4>, the surface property index value represented by the formula S is less than 2.0, or compared with a case where the surface property index value exceeds 2.8, the image has white spots. And a toner for developing an electrostatic image that suppresses uneven glossiness of an image are provided.
According to the invention according to <5>, there is provided a toner for developing an electrostatic image that further suppresses uneven glossiness of an image as compared with a case where the melting temperature of the release agent is less than 65 ° C. or more than 100 ° C. The
According to the invention according to <6>, there is provided a toner for developing an electrostatic image that further suppresses uneven glossiness of an image as compared with a case where the melting temperature of the release agent is less than 70 ° C. or more than 95 ° C. The
According to the invention according to the above <7>, compared to the case where the melt viscosity of the toner measured by the flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 is less than 90 ° C. or exceeds 140 ° C., the occurrence of white spots in the image and An electrostatic image developing toner that further suppresses uneven gloss of an image is provided.
According to the invention according to <8>, compared with the case where the melt viscosity of the toner measured by the flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 is less than 95 ° C. or exceeds 130 ° C., the occurrence of white spots in the image and An electrostatic image developing toner that further suppresses uneven gloss of an image is provided.
According to the invention according to <9> to <13>, the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image whose surface property index value represented by the formula S is less than 2.0 or more than 2.8 is applied. As compared with the above case, an electrostatic charge image developer, a toner cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, or an image forming method that suppresses occurrence of white spots in an image and uneven glossiness of an image are provided.
本明細書において組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数種存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数種の物質の合計量を意味する。
本明細書において、「静電荷像現像用トナー」を単に「トナー」ともいい、「静電荷像現像剤」を単に「現像剤」ともいう。
In the present specification, when referring to the amount of each component in the composition, when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality of kinds present in the composition unless otherwise specified. Means the total amount of substances.
In this specification, “electrostatic image developing toner” is also simply referred to as “toner”, and “electrostatic image developer” is also simply referred to as “developer”.
以下、本発明の一例である実施形態について説明する。 Embodiments that are examples of the present invention will be described below.
＜静電荷像現像用トナー＞
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーは、下記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が、２．０以上２．８以下である。
（表面性指標値）＝（比表面積実測値）／（比表面積計算値） 式Ｓ
（比表面積計算値）＝（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される表面積の和）／｛（トナーの比重）×（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される体積の和）｝
<Toner for electrostatic image development>
The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment has a surface property index value represented by the following formula S of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less.
(Surface property index value) = (actual value of specific surface area) / (calculated value of specific surface area) Formula S
(Calculated value of specific surface area) = (Sum of surface areas calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) / {(specific gravity of toner) × (4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) Sum of volumes calculated from equivalent circle diameter)}
従来のトナーでは、現像手段内の機械的負荷により外添剤が移行できず、トナー母粒子表面の露出が少なくなるため、連続印刷して定着手段の温度が安定した後、多湿環境下で坪量の高い記録媒体を印刷した場合、記録媒体に熱が奪われトナーに十分に熱が付与されなくなり、特に３次色に関して剥離不良が生じ、画像が白抜けする場合がある。 In conventional toners, the external additive cannot be transferred due to the mechanical load in the developing unit, and the exposure of the toner base particle surface is reduced. Therefore, after continuous printing and the temperature of the fixing unit is stabilized, the toner is removed in a humid environment. When a high-volume recording medium is printed, heat is lost to the recording medium and sufficient heat is not applied to the toner. In particular, there is a case where a separation failure occurs with respect to the tertiary color and the image is white.
また、静電荷像現像用トナーの表面性を確認する方法としては、コールターカウンターによる比表面積等の測定及び算出方法が知られているが、フロー式粒子像分析（ＦＰＩＡ）による方法がより優れている。 Further, as a method for confirming the surface property of the toner for developing an electrostatic image, a method for measuring and calculating a specific surface area using a Coulter counter is known, but a method based on flow particle image analysis (FPIA) is more excellent. Yes.
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーは、上記の構成により、画像の白抜けの発生及び画像の光沢ムラが抑制される。その理由は、定かではないが、以下に示すように推測される。
表面性指標値が、２．０以上２．８以下であることにより、トナー表面が適度に凹凸を有する。現像手段内の機械的負荷により外添剤が容易に移行し、トナー母粒子表面の露出を生じやすい。また、離型剤を含有する場合には、定着時に離型剤が染み出しやすいため、特に、定着温度を下げることができる。そのため多湿環境下で坪量の高い記録媒体を印刷した場合であっても、特に３次色に関して剥離不良が生じることを抑制し、その結果、画像の白抜けが抑制され、また、トナー表面の構造が比較的揃っており、トナーの定着挙動も揃いやすため、画像の光沢ムラが抑制された静電荷像現像用トナーが得られると推定される。
The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment suppresses occurrence of white spots in the image and uneven glossiness of the image by the above configuration. The reason is not clear, but is presumed as shown below.
When the surface property index value is 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less, the toner surface has moderate irregularities. The external additive easily shifts due to a mechanical load in the developing means, and the surface of the toner base particles is likely to be exposed. In addition, when a release agent is contained, the release temperature is likely to ooze out during fixing, so that the fixing temperature can be lowered particularly. For this reason, even when a recording medium having a high basis weight is printed in a humid environment, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of peeling failure particularly with respect to the tertiary color, and as a result, the white spot of the image is suppressed, and the toner surface Since the structure is relatively uniform and the toner fixing behavior is easily uniform, it is presumed that an electrostatic charge image developing toner with suppressed gloss unevenness of the image can be obtained.
以下、本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーについて詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the electrostatic image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment will be described in detail.
（表面性指標値）
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーは、下記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値が、２．０以上２．８以下である。
（表面性指標値）＝（比表面積実測値）／（比表面積計算値） 式Ｓ
なお、本実施形態におけるトナーの比表面積実測値は、窒素吸着法による測定値である。具体的には、ＢＥＴ式を用い、窒素吸着法の一点法により測定する。なお、平衡相対圧は０．３とする。
(Surface index value)
The electrostatic charge image developing toner according to the exemplary embodiment has a surface property index value represented by the following formula S of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less.
(Surface property index value) = (actual value of specific surface area) / (calculated value of specific surface area) Formula S
Note that the specific surface area actual measurement value of the toner in the present embodiment is a measurement value by a nitrogen adsorption method. Specifically, measurement is performed by a one-point method using a nitrogen adsorption method using the BET equation. The equilibrium relative pressure is 0.3.
本実施形態におけるトナーの比表面積計算値は、以下の式により算出される。
（比表面積計算値）＝（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される表面積の和）／｛（トナーの比重）×（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される体積の和）｝
比表面積計算値の算出におけるフロー式粒子像分析（ＦＰＩＡ）は、フロー式粒子像分析装置Ｓｙｓｍｅｘ社製ＦＰＩＡ−３０００で測定する。
本装置では、水などに分散させた粒子をフロー式粒子像分析法によって測定する方式が採用されており、吸引された粒子懸濁液はフラットシースフローセルに導かれ、シース液によって偏平な試料流が形成される。その試料流にストロボ光を照射することにより、通過中の粒子は対物レンズを通して、ＣＣＤ（Ｃｈａｒｇｅ Ｃｏｕｐｌｅｄ Ｄｅｖｉｃｅ）カメラで、静止画像として撮像される。撮像された粒子像を、２次元画像処理して、投影面積から円相当径を算出する。円相当径に関しては、４５００個のトナーについて、各々画像解析を行い、統計処理することによって円相当径を求め、４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される表面積の和、及び、４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される体積の和を求める。
なお、前記フロー式粒子像分析による測定には、ＨＰＦモード（高分解能モード）を使用し、希釈倍率は１．０倍とする。
また、トナーの比重は、ゲーリュサック型比重瓶を用い、ＪＩＳ−Ｋ−００６１の８．２．２に準拠して真比重を測定した
The calculated specific surface area of the toner in this embodiment is calculated by the following equation.
(Calculated value of specific surface area) = (Sum of surface areas calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) / {(specific gravity of toner) × (4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) Sum of volumes calculated from equivalent circle diameter)}
Flow type particle image analysis (FPIA) in the calculation of the specific surface area calculation value is measured with a flow type particle image analyzer FPIA-3000 manufactured by Sysmex.
This system employs a method in which particles dispersed in water or the like are measured by a flow-type particle image analysis method. The aspirated particle suspension is guided to a flat sheath flow cell, and a flat sample flow is generated by the sheath liquid. Is formed. By irradiating the sample stream with stroboscopic light, the passing particles are captured as a still image by a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera through the objective lens. The captured particle image is subjected to two-dimensional image processing, and the equivalent circle diameter is calculated from the projected area. Regarding the equivalent circle diameter, image analysis is performed for each of 4500 toners, and the equivalent circle diameter is obtained by statistical processing. The sum of surface areas calculated from the equivalent circle diameters of 4500 toners and 4500 The sum of the volumes calculated from the equivalent circle diameter of the toner is obtained.
In the measurement by the flow type particle image analysis, the HPF mode (high resolution mode) is used, and the dilution factor is 1.0.
In addition, the specific gravity of the toner was measured by using a Geryusack type specific gravity bottle and measuring the true specific gravity in accordance with JIS-K-0061 8.2.2.
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーにおける前記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値は、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、２．１以上２．７以下であることが好ましく、２．２以上２．６以下であることがより好ましく、２．３以上２．５以下であることが特に好ましい。上記の範囲であれば、表面の構造が比較的揃っており、粒子の定着挙動も揃いやすい。そのため光沢ムラの発生を抑制しやすくなる。
前記表面性指標を制御する方法としては、例えば、樹脂粒子を含む凝集粒子を融合・合一させる際、その温度、ｐＨなどを適宜調整すること等により制御することができる。
In the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment, the surface property index value represented by the formula S is 2.1 or more and 2.7 or less from the viewpoint of suppressing white spot of an image and suppressing gloss unevenness. It is preferably 2.2 or more and 2.6 or less, more preferably 2.3 or more and 2.5 or less. Within the above range, the surface structure is relatively uniform and the fixing behavior of the particles is easily uniform. Therefore, it becomes easy to suppress the occurrence of uneven gloss.
As a method for controlling the surface property index, for example, when coalescing aggregated particles including resin particles, the temperature, pH, and the like can be appropriately adjusted.
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーは、荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定したトナーの溶融粘度が、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、９０℃以上１４０℃以下であることが好ましく、９５℃以上１３０℃以下であることがより好ましく、９８℃以上１２５℃以下であることが更に好ましく、１０５℃以上１１５℃以下であることが特に好ましい。
本実施形態におけるトナーの溶融粘度の測定方法は、高化式フローテスターＣＦＴ−５００（（株）島津製作所製）を用い、ダイスの細孔の径を０．５ｍｍ、加圧荷重を１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２、昇温速度を１℃／分とした条件下で、１ｃｍ３の試料を溶融流出させたときの流出開始点から終了点の高さの１／２に相当する温度での粘度を求める。
The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment has a melt viscosity of the toner measured by a flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 , which is 90 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing white spots in an image and suppressing gloss unevenness. Is preferably 95 ° C. or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, more preferably 98 ° C. or higher and 125 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 105 ° C. or higher and 115 ° C. or lower.
As a method for measuring the melt viscosity of the toner in this embodiment, Koka-type flow tester CFT-500 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) is used, the diameter of the pores of the die is 0.5 mm, and the pressure load is 10 kgf / cm. 2. The viscosity at a temperature corresponding to ½ of the height from the start point to the end point when a 1 cm 3 sample is melted and flowed out under the condition that the heating rate is 1 ° C./min is obtained.
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像用トナーは、蛍光Ｘ線分析によるアルミニウム原子の含有量が、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、０．００５ｋｃｐｓ以上０．３５ｋｃｐｓ以下であることが好ましく、０．０２ｋｃｐｓ以上０．３０ｋｃｐｓ以下であることがより好ましく、０．０５ｋｃｐｓ以上０．２０ｋｃｐｓ以下であることが特に好ましい。
本実施形態における蛍光Ｘ線分析によるアルミニウム原子の含有量の測定方法は、トナーを蛍光Ｘ線分析装置（走査型蛍光Ｘ線分析装置、ＺＳＸ ＰｒｉｍｕｓII、（株）リガク製）を用いて、トナー中に含まれるアルミニウム原子量のｎｅｔ強度を測定した。なお、試料前処理としては、トナー０．１ｇ以上０．２ｇ以下を加圧成型にてディスク成型し、測定条件は定性定量測定で、管電圧４０ｋＶ、管電流７０ｍＡ、測定時間１５分で測定した。
トナーにおけるアルミニウム原子の含有量は、例えば、トナーの調製に使用するアルミニウム凝集剤の使用等により調整される。
In the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment, the content of aluminum atoms by fluorescent X-ray analysis is 0.005 kcps or more and 0.35 kcps or less from the viewpoint of suppressing white spots of an image and suppressing gloss unevenness. It is preferably 0.02 kcps or more and 0.30 kcps or less, more preferably 0.05 kcps or more and 0.20 kcps or less.
The method for measuring the content of aluminum atoms by fluorescent X-ray analysis in this embodiment uses a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (scanning fluorescent X-ray analyzer, ZSX Primus II, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) in the toner. The net intensity of the aluminum atomic weight contained in was measured. As sample pretreatment, 0.1 g or more and 0.2 g or less of toner was molded into a disk by pressure molding, and the measurement conditions were qualitative quantitative measurement, tube voltage 40 kV, tube current 70 mA, measurement time 15 minutes. .
The content of aluminum atoms in the toner is adjusted by, for example, using an aluminum flocculant used for toner preparation.
本実施形態に係るトナーは、トナー粒子（「トナー母粒子」ともいう。）と、必要に応じて、外添剤と、を含んで構成される。 The toner according to the exemplary embodiment includes toner particles (also referred to as “toner mother particles”) and, if necessary, external additives.
（トナー粒子）
トナー粒子は、例えば、結着樹脂と、必要に応じて、着色剤と、離型剤と、その他添加剤とを含有し、結着樹脂、及び、離型剤を含有することが好ましい。
本実施形態において、トナー粒子としては、例えば、イエロートナー、マゼンタトナー、シアントナー、ブラックトナー等のトナー粒子の他、白色トナー粒子、透明トナー粒子、光輝性トナー粒子等であってもよく、特に制限はない。
(Toner particles)
The toner particles preferably contain, for example, a binder resin, and, if necessary, a colorant, a release agent, and other additives, and a binder resin and a release agent.
In the present embodiment, the toner particles may be, for example, toner particles such as yellow toner, magenta toner, cyan toner, and black toner, white toner particles, transparent toner particles, and glitter toner particles. There is no limit.
−結着樹脂−
結着樹脂としては、例えば、スチレン類（例えばスチレン、パラクロロスチレン、α−メチルスチレン等）、（メタ）アクリル酸エステル類（例えばアクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ｎ−プロピル、アクリル酸ｎ−ブチル、アクリル酸ラウリル、アクリル酸２−エチルヘキシル、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ｎ−プロピル、メタクリル酸ラウリル、メタクリル酸２−エチルヘキシル等）、エチレン性不飽和ニトリル類（例えばアクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等）、ビニルエーテル類（例えばビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルイソブチルエーテル等）、ビニルケトン類（例えばビニルメチルケトン、ビニルエチルケトン、ビニルイソプロペニルケトン等）、オレフィン類（例えばエチレン、プロピレン、ブタジエン等）等の単量体の単独重合体、又はこれら単量体を２種以上組み合せた共重合体からなるビニル系樹脂が挙げられる。
結着樹脂としては、例えば、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、セルロース樹脂、ポリエーテル樹脂、変性ロジン等の非ビニル系樹脂、これらと前記ビニル系樹脂との混合物、又は、これらの共存下でビニル系単量体を重合して得られるグラフト重合体等も挙げられる。
中でも、スチレンアクリル樹脂が好適に用いられる。
これらの結着樹脂は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
-Binder resin-
Examples of the binder resin include styrenes (eg, styrene, parachlorostyrene, α-methylstyrene, etc.), (meth) acrylic acid esters (eg, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, acrylic acid). n-butyl, lauryl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, etc.), ethylenically unsaturated nitriles (for example, acrylonitrile, Methacrylonitrile, etc.), vinyl ethers (eg, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, etc.), vinyl ketones (eg, vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl ethyl ketone, vinyl isopropenyl ketone, etc.), olefins (eg, ethylene, Propylene, a homopolymer of a monomer such as butadiene) and the like, or a vinyl-based resin composed of these monomers with two or more combinations copolymer.
As the binder resin, for example, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, polyether resin, non-vinyl resin such as modified rosin, a mixture of these with the vinyl resin, or these Examples also include a graft polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer in the coexistence.
Among these, styrene acrylic resin is preferably used.
These binder resins may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
結着樹脂としては、ポリエステル樹脂が好適である。ポリエステル樹脂としては、例えば、多価カルボン酸と多価アルコールとの縮重合体が挙げられる。 A polyester resin is suitable as the binder resin. As a polyester resin, the condensation polymer of polyhydric carboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol is mentioned, for example.
多価カルボン酸としては、例えば、脂肪族ジカルボン酸（例えばシュウ酸、マロン酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、シトラコン酸、イタコン酸、グルタコン酸、コハク酸、アルケニルコハク酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸等）、脂環式ジカルボン酸（例えばシクロヘキサンジカルボン酸等）、芳香族ジカルボン酸（例えばテレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、フタル酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸等）、これらの無水物、又はこれらの低級（例えば炭素数１以上５以下）アルキルエステルが挙げられる。これらの中でも、多価カルボン酸としては、例えば、芳香族ジカルボン酸が好ましい。
多価カルボン酸としては、ジカルボン酸と共に、架橋構造又は分岐構造をとる３価以上のカルボン酸を併用してもよい。３価以上のカルボン酸としては、例えば、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸、これらの無水物、又はこれらの低級（例えば炭素数１以上５以下）アルキルエステル等が挙げられる。
多価カルボン酸は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (eg, oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, succinic acid, alkenyl succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, etc.) Alicyclic dicarboxylic acids (for example, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (for example, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc.), their anhydrides, or lower (for example, having 1 or more carbon atoms) 5 or less) alkyl esters. Among these, as polyvalent carboxylic acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acid is preferable, for example.
As the polyvalent carboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic or higher carboxylic acid having a crosslinked structure or a branched structure may be used in combination with the dicarboxylic acid. Examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, anhydrides thereof, and lower (for example, having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) alkyl esters.
A polyvalent carboxylic acid may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
多価アルコールとしては、例えば、脂肪族ジオール（例えばエチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール等）、脂環式ジオール（例えばシクロヘキサンジオール、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、水添ビスフェノールＡ等）、芳香族ジオール（例えばビスフェノールＡのエチレンオキサイド付加物、ビスフェノールＡのプロピレンオキサイド付加物等）が挙げられる。これらの中でも、多価アルコールとしては、例えば、芳香族ジオール、脂環式ジオールが好ましく、より好ましくは芳香族ジオールである。
多価アルコールとしては、ジオールと共に、架橋構造又は分岐構造をとる３価以上の多価アルコールを併用してもよい。３価以上の多価アルコールとしては、例えば、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトールが挙げられる。
多価アルコールは、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include aliphatic diols (for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, etc.), alicyclic diols (for example, cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, Hydrogenated bisphenol A, etc.) and aromatic diols (for example, ethylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, propylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, etc.). Among these, as the polyhydric alcohol, for example, aromatic diols and alicyclic diols are preferable, and aromatic diols are more preferable.
As the polyhydric alcohol, a trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol having a crosslinked structure or a branched structure may be used together with the diol. Examples of the trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohol include glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol.
A polyhydric alcohol may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
ポリエステル樹脂のガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）は、５０℃以上８０℃以下が好ましく、５０℃以上６５℃以下がより好ましい。
ガラス転移温度は、示差走査熱量測定（ＤＳＣ）により得られたＤＳＣ曲線より求め、より具体的にはＪＩＳ Ｋ７１２１−１９８７「プラスチックの転移温度測定方法」のガラス転移温度の求め方に記載の「補外ガラス転移開始温度」により求められる。
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyester resin is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 65 ° C. or lower.
The glass transition temperature is obtained from a DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and more specifically, it is described in “Supplement” described in the method for obtaining the glass transition temperature in JIS K7121-1987 “Method for measuring glass transition temperature”. It is determined by “outer glass transition start temperature”.
ポリエステル樹脂の重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）は、５０００以上１００００００以下が好ましく、７０００以上５０００００以下がより好ましい。ポリエステル樹脂の数平均分子量（Ｍｎ）は、２０００以上１０００００以下が好ましい。ポリエステル樹脂の分子量分布Ｍｗ／Ｍｎは、１．５以上１００以下が好ましく、２以上６０以下がより好ましい。
ポリエステル樹脂の重量平均分子量及び数平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ（ＧＰＣ）により測定する。ＧＰＣによる分子量測定は、測定装置として東ソー製ＧＰＣ・ＨＬＣ−８１２０ＧＰＣを用い、東ソー製カラム・ＴＳＫｇｅｌ ＳｕｐｅｒＨＭ−Ｍ（１５ｃｍ）を使用し、ＴＨＦ溶媒で行う。重量平均分子量及び数平均分子量は、この測定結果から単分散ポリスチレン標準試料により作成した分子量校正曲線を使用して算出する。
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyester resin is preferably from 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably from 7,000 to 500,000. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyester resin is preferably from 2,000 to 100,000. The molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn of the polyester resin is preferably 1.5 or more and 100 or less, and more preferably 2 or more and 60 or less.
The weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of the polyester resin are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The molecular weight measurement by GPC is performed with a THF solvent using a Tosoh GPC / HLC-8120GPC as a measuring device and a Tosoh column / TSKgel SuperHM-M (15 cm). The weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are calculated using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared from a monodisperse polystyrene standard sample from this measurement result.
ポリエステル樹脂は、公知の製造方法により得られる。具体的には、例えば、重合温度を１８０℃以上２３０℃以下とし、必要に応じて反応系内を減圧し、縮合の際に発生する水やアルコールを除去しながら反応させる方法により得られる。
原料の単量体が、反応温度下で溶解又は相溶しない場合は、高沸点の溶剤を溶解補助剤として加え溶解させてもよい。この場合、重縮合反応は溶解補助剤を留去しながら行う。相溶性の悪い単量体が存在する場合は、あらかじめ相溶性の悪い単量体とその単量体と重縮合予定の酸又はアルコールとを縮合させておいてから主成分と重縮合させるとよい。
The polyester resin is obtained by a known production method. Specifically, for example, the polymerization temperature is set to 180 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, and the reaction system is decompressed as necessary, and the reaction is performed while removing water and alcohol generated during the condensation.
When the raw material monomer is not dissolved or compatible at the reaction temperature, a solvent having a high boiling point may be added as a solubilizer and dissolved. In this case, the polycondensation reaction is performed while distilling off the solubilizer. If there is a monomer with poor compatibility, it is preferable to condense the monomer with poor compatibility with the monomer and the acid or alcohol to be polycondensed in advance before polycondensing with the main component. .
結着樹脂の含有量は、トナー粒子全体に対して、４０質量％以上９５質量％以下が好ましく、５０質量％以上９０質量％以下がより好ましく、６０質量％以上８５質量％以下が更に好ましい。
また、トナー粒子を白色トナー粒子とする場合の結着樹脂の含有量は、白色トナー粒子全体に対して、３０質量％以上８５質量％以下が好ましく、４０質量％以上６０質量％以下がより好ましい。
The content of the binder resin is preferably 40% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 50% by mass to 90% by mass, and still more preferably 60% by mass to 85% by mass with respect to the entire toner particles.
Further, when the toner particles are white toner particles, the content of the binder resin is preferably 30% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less with respect to the entire white toner particles. .
−離型剤−
離型剤としては、例えば、炭化水素系ワックス；カルナバワックス、ライスワックス、キャンデリラワックス等の天然ワックス；モンタンワックス等の合成又は鉱物・石油系ワックス；脂肪酸エステル、モンタン酸エステル等のエステル系ワックス；などが挙げられる。離型剤は、これに限定されるものではない。
-Release agent-
Examples of mold release agents include hydrocarbon waxes; natural waxes such as carnauba wax, rice wax, and candelilla wax; synthetic or mineral / petroleum waxes such as montan wax; and ester waxes such as fatty acid esters and montanic acid esters. And so on. The release agent is not limited to this.
離型剤の融解温度は、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、５０℃以上１１０℃以下であることが好ましく、６５℃以上１００℃以下であることがより好ましく、７０℃以上９５℃以下であることが更に好ましく、７５℃以上９０℃以下であることが特に好ましい。
離型剤の融解温度は、示差走査熱量測定（ＤＳＣ）により得られたＤＳＣ曲線から、ＪＩＳ Ｋ７１２１−１９８７「プラスチックの転移温度測定方法」の融解温度の求め方に記載の「融解ピーク温度」により求める。
The melting temperature of the release agent is preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower, more preferably 65 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, and 70 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing white spots in images and suppressing uneven glossiness. The temperature is more preferably 95 ° C. or lower and particularly preferably 75 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower.
The melting temperature of the release agent is determined by the “melting peak temperature” described in the method for determining the melting temperature in JIS K7121-1987 “Method for measuring the transition temperature of plastics” from the DSC curve obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Ask.
本実施形態の静電荷像現像用トナーは、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、トナー中の離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の個数をａ、５より下の個数をｂとしたとき、１．０＜ａ／ｂ＜８．０であることが好ましく、２．０＜ａ／ｂ＜７．０であることがより好ましく、３．０＜ａ／ｂ＜６．０であることが特に好ましい。
また、本実施形態の静電荷像現像用トナーは、画像の白抜け抑制、及び、光沢ムラ抑制の観点から、トナー断面（トナー粒子断面）における離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の面積をｃ、５より下の面積をｄとしたとき、１．０＜ｃ／ｄ＜４．０であることが好ましく、１．５＜ａ／ｂ＜３．５であることがより好ましく、２．０＜ａ／ｂ＜３．０であることが特に好ましい。
In the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment, the number of the release agent in the toner in which the aspect ratio is 5 or more is a, and the number is lower than 5, from the viewpoint of suppressing white spots in the image and suppressing gloss unevenness. When b, 1.0 <a / b <8.0 is preferable, 2.0 <a / b <7.0 is more preferable, and 3.0 <a / b <6. Particularly preferred is 0.
The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment has an area where the aspect ratio of the release agent is 5 or more in the toner cross section (cross section of the toner particle) from the viewpoint of suppressing white spots of the image and suppressing gloss unevenness. When the area below 5 is d, 1.0 <c / d <4.0 is preferable, 1.5 <a / b <3.5 is more preferable, and 2.0 It is particularly preferable that <a / b <3.0.
トナー中の離型剤のアスペクト比の測定方法は、以下の方法により測定するものとする。
トナーをエポキシ樹脂に混合して、エポキシ樹脂を固化する。得られた固化物を、ウルトラミクロトーム装置（Ｌｅｉｃａ社製ＵｌｔｒａｃｕｔＵＣＴ）により切断し、厚さ８０ｎｍ以上１３０ｎｍ以下の薄片試料を作製する。次に、薄片試料を３０℃のデシケータ内で四酸化ルテニウムにより３時間染色する。そして、超高分解能電界放出型走査電子顕微鏡（ＦＥ−ＳＥＭ）（例えば（株）日立ハイテクノロジーズ製Ｓ−４８００）にて、染色された薄片試料のＳＥＭ画像を得る。一般的に離型剤は結着樹脂よりも四酸化ルテニウムに染色されやすいので、染色度合いに起因する濃淡で離型剤が識別される。試料の状態などにより濃淡が判別しにくい場合は、染色時間を調整する。なお、トナー粒子断面において、着色剤ドメインは一般的に、離型剤ドメインよりも小さいので、大きさによって区別可能である。
前記ＳＥＭ画像には様々な大きさのトナー粒子断面が含まれるところ、径がトナー粒子の体積平均粒径の８５％以上であるトナー粒子断面を選択し、その中から無作為に１００個のトナー粒子断面を選択し、これを観察する。ここで、トナー粒子断面の径とは、トナー粒子断面の輪郭線上の任意の２点に引いた最大の長さ（いわゆる長径）をいう。
前記ＳＥＭ画像において、前記のように選択したトナー粒子断面１００個それぞれにおいて、画像解析ソフト（三谷商事（株）製ＷｉｎＲＯＯＦ）を用いて、０．０１００００μｍ／ｐｉｘｅｌ条件で画像解析を行う。この画像解析により、包埋に用いたエポキシ樹脂とトナー粒子の結着樹脂との輝度差（コントラスト）により、トナー粒子の断面の画像を観察することができる。観察された画像をもとに、トナー粒子中の離型剤ドメインの長軸方向の長さ、及び前記比（長軸方向の長さ／短軸方向の長さ）、面積を求めることができる。
The aspect ratio of the release agent in the toner is measured by the following method.
The toner is mixed with the epoxy resin to solidify the epoxy resin. The obtained solidified product is cut by an ultramicrotome apparatus (Ultracut UCT manufactured by Leica) to produce a thin piece sample having a thickness of 80 nm to 130 nm. The flake sample is then stained with ruthenium tetroxide for 3 hours in a desiccator at 30 ° C. Then, an SEM image of the stained thin piece sample is obtained with an ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (for example, S-4800 manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). In general, the release agent is more easily dyed with ruthenium tetroxide than the binder resin, so that the release agent is identified by the light and shade caused by the degree of dyeing. If it is difficult to distinguish the shade due to the condition of the sample, adjust the staining time. In the toner particle cross section, since the colorant domain is generally smaller than the release agent domain, it can be distinguished by size.
Where the SEM image includes toner particle cross sections of various sizes, a toner particle cross section having a diameter of 85% or more of the volume average particle diameter of the toner particles is selected, and 100 toners are randomly selected from the cross section. Select the particle cross section and observe it. Here, the diameter of the toner particle cross section refers to the maximum length (so-called long diameter) drawn at any two points on the contour line of the toner particle cross section.
In the SEM image, image analysis is performed on each of 100 toner particle cross sections selected as described above using image analysis software (WinROOF manufactured by Mitani Corporation) under the condition of 0.010000 μm / pixel. By this image analysis, an image of a cross section of the toner particle can be observed based on a luminance difference (contrast) between the epoxy resin used for embedding and the binder resin of the toner particle. Based on the observed image, the length in the major axis direction of the release agent domain in the toner particles, the ratio (length in the major axis direction / length in the minor axis direction), and area can be obtained. .
離型剤の含有量は、トナー粒子全体に対して、１質量％以上２０質量％以下が好ましく、５質量％以上１５質量％以下がより好ましい。 The content of the release agent is preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the entire toner particles.
−着色剤−
着色剤としては、例えば、カーボンブラック、クロムイエロー、ハンザイエロー、ベンジジンイエロー、スレンイエロー、キノリンイエロー、ピグメントイエロー、パーマネントオレンジＧＴＲ、ピラゾロンオレンジ、バルカンオレンジ、ウオッチヤングレッド、パーマネントレッド、ブリリアントカーミン３Ｂ、ブリリアントカーミン６Ｂ、デュポンオイルレッド、ピラゾロンレッド、リソールレッド、ローダミンＢレーキ、レーキレッドＣ、ピグメントレッド、ローズベンガル、アニリンブルー、ウルトラマリンブルー、カルコオイルブルー、メチレンブルークロライド、フタロシアニンブルー、ピグメントブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、マラカイトグリーンオキサレート、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、炭酸カルシウム、塩基性炭酸鉛、硫化亜鉛−硫酸バリウム混合物、硫化亜鉛、二酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム等の顔料；アクリジン系、キサンテン系、アゾ系、ベンゾキノン系、アジン系、アントラキノン系、チオインジコ系、ジオキサジン系、チアジン系、アゾメチン系、インジコ系、フタロシアニン系、アニリンブラック系、ポリメチン系、トリフェニルメタン系、ジフェニルメタン系、チアゾール系等の染料；が挙げられる。
-Colorant-
Examples of the colorant include carbon black, chrome yellow, hansa yellow, benzidine yellow, sren yellow, quinoline yellow, pigment yellow, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, vulcan orange, watch young red, permanent red, brilliant carmine 3B, and brilliant. Carmine 6B, Dupont Oil Red, Pyrazolone Red, Resol Red, Rhodamine B Lake, Lake Red C, Pigment Red, Rose Bengal, Aniline Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Calco Oil Blue, Methylene Blue Chloride, Phthalocyanine Blue, Pigment Blue, Phthalocyanine Green, Malachite green oxalate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, basic lead carbonate, Pigments such as zinc fluoride-barium sulfate mixture, zinc sulfide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide; acridine, xanthene, azo, benzoquinone, azine, anthraquinone, thioindico, dioxazine, thiazine, azomethine, indico , Phthalocyanine, aniline black, polymethine, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane, and thiazole dyes.
また、トナー粒子を白色トナー粒子とする場合には、着色剤として白色顔料を用いればよい。
白色顔料としては、酸化チタン及び酸化亜鉛が好ましく、酸化チタンがより好ましい。
Further, when the toner particles are white toner particles, a white pigment may be used as a colorant.
As the white pigment, titanium oxide and zinc oxide are preferable, and titanium oxide is more preferable.
着色剤は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 A coloring agent may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
着色剤は、必要に応じて表面処理された着色剤を用いてもよく、分散剤と併用してもよい。 As the colorant, a surface-treated colorant may be used as necessary, or it may be used in combination with a dispersant.
着色剤の含有量は、トナー粒子全体に対して、１質量％以上３０質量％以下が好ましく、３質量％以上１５質量％以下がより好ましい。
また、トナー粒子を白色トナー粒子とする場合の白色顔料の含有量は、白色トナー粒子全体に対して、１５質量％以上７０質量％以下が好ましく、２０質量％以上６０質量％以下がより好ましい。
The content of the colorant is preferably 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the entire toner particles.
When the toner particles are white toner particles, the content of the white pigment is preferably 15% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less with respect to the entire white toner particles.
−その他の添加剤−
その他の添加剤としては、例えば、磁性体、帯電制御剤、無機粉体等の公知の添加剤が挙げられる。これらの添加剤は、内添剤としてトナー粒子に含まれる。
-Other additives-
Examples of other additives include known additives such as a magnetic material, a charge control agent, and inorganic powder. These additives are contained in the toner particles as internal additives.
−トナー粒子の特性等−
トナー粒子は、単層構造のトナー粒子であってもよいし、芯部（コア粒子）と芯部を被覆する被覆層（シェル層）とで構成された所謂コア・シェル構造のトナー粒子であってもよい。コア・シェル構造のトナー粒子は、例えば、結着樹脂と必要に応じて着色剤及び離型剤等を含む芯部と、結着樹脂を含む被覆層と、で構成されている。
-Toner particle characteristics-
The toner particles may be toner particles having a single layer structure, or toner particles having a so-called core / shell structure composed of a core (core particle) and a coating layer (shell layer) covering the core. May be. The toner particles having a core / shell structure include, for example, a binder resin, a core portion containing a colorant and a release agent, if necessary, and a coating layer containing the binder resin.
トナー粒子の体積平均粒径（Ｄ５０ｖ）は、２μｍ以上１０μｍ以下が好ましく、４μｍ以上８μｍ以下がより好ましい。 The volume average particle diameter (D50v) of the toner particles is preferably 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and more preferably 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less.
トナー粒子の体積平均粒径は、コールターマルチサイザーII（ベックマン・コールター社製）を用い、電解液はＩＳＯＴＯＮ−II（ベックマン・コールター社製）を使用して測定される。
測定に際しては、分散剤として、界面活性剤（アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムが好ましい）の５質量％水溶液２ｍｌ中に測定試料を０．５ｍｇ以上５０ｍｇ以下加える。これを電解液１００ｍｌ以上１５０ｍｌ以下中に添加する。
試料を懸濁した電解液は超音波分散器で１分間分散処理を行い、コールターマルチサイザーIIにより、アパーチャー径１００μｍのアパーチャーを用いて２μｍ以上６０μｍ以下の範囲の粒径の粒子について、各々の粒径を測定する。サンプリングする粒子数は５００００個である。
測定された粒径について、小径側から体積基準の累積分布を描いて、累積５０％となる粒径を体積平均粒径Ｄ５０ｖと定義する。
The volume average particle diameter of the toner particles is measured using Coulter Multisizer II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter), and the electrolyte is measured using ISOTON-II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter).
In the measurement, 0.5 mg to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 ml of a 5% by mass aqueous solution of a surfactant (preferably sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate) as a dispersant. This is added to 100 ml or more and 150 ml or less of the electrolytic solution.
The electrolytic solution in which the sample is suspended is subjected to a dispersion treatment for 1 minute by an ultrasonic disperser, and each particle having a particle diameter in the range of 2 μm to 60 μm using an aperture having an aperture diameter of 100 μm is measured with a Coulter Multisizer II. Measure the diameter. The number of particles to be sampled is 50,000.
With respect to the measured particle size, a cumulative distribution based on the volume is drawn from the small diameter side, and the particle size that becomes 50% cumulative is defined as the volume average particle size D50v.
本実施形態においてトナー粒子の平均円形度は、特に制限はないが、像保持体からのトナーのクリーニング性を良化する観点からは、０．９１以上０．９８以下が好ましく、０．９４以上０．９８以下がより好ましく、０．９５以上０．９７以下が更に好ましい。 In this embodiment, the average circularity of the toner particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.91 or more and 0.98 or less, and preferably 0.94 or more from the viewpoint of improving the cleaning property of the toner from the image carrier. 0.98 or less is more preferable, and 0.95 or more and 0.97 or less is still more preferable.
本実施形態においてトナー粒子の円形度とは、（粒子投影像と同じ面積をもつ円の周囲長）÷（粒子投影像の周囲長）であり、トナー粒子の平均円形度とは、円形度の分布において小さい側から累積５０％となる円形度である。トナー粒子の平均円形度は、フロー式粒子像解析装置でトナー粒子を少なくとも３，０００個解析して求める。 In this embodiment, the circularity of the toner particles is (peripheral length of a circle having the same area as the particle projection image) / (peripheral length of the particle projection image), and the average circularity of the toner particles is the circularity The circularity is 50% cumulative from the small side in the distribution. The average circularity of the toner particles is obtained by analyzing at least 3,000 toner particles with a flow type particle image analyzer.
トナー粒子の平均円形度は、例えば、トナー粒子を凝集合一法で製造する場合、融合・合一工程における、分散液の撹拌速度、分散液の温度又は保持時間を調整することによって制御しうる。 The average circularity of the toner particles can be controlled, for example, by adjusting the stirring speed of the dispersion, the temperature of the dispersion, or the holding time in the coalescence and coalescence process when the toner particles are produced by the aggregation and coalescence method. .
（外添剤）
外添剤としては、例えば、無機粒子が挙げられる。前記無機粒子として、ＳｉＯ２、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣｕＯ、ＺｎＯ、ＳｎＯ２、ＣｅＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、ＢａＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＺｒＯ２、ＣａＯ・ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ・（ＴｉＯ２）ｎ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３・２ＳｉＯ２、ＣａＣＯ３、ＭｇＣＯ３、ＢａＳＯ４、ＭｇＳＯ４等が挙げられる。
(External additive)
Examples of the external additive include inorganic particles. As the inorganic particles, SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO, ZnO, SnO 2 , CeO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, BaO, CaO, K 2 O, Na 2 O, ZrO 2 , CaO. SiO 2, K 2 O · ( TiO 2) n, Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2, CaCO 3, MgCO 3, BaSO 4, MgSO 4 , and the like.
外添剤としての無機粒子の表面は、疎水化処理が施されていることがよい。疎水化処理は、例えば疎水化処理剤に無機粒子を浸漬する等して行う。疎水化処理剤は特に制限されないが、例えば、シラン系カップリング剤、シリコーンオイル、チタネート系カップリング剤、アルミニウム系カップリング剤等が挙げられる。これらは１種単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
疎水化処理剤の量としては、例えば、無機粒子１００質量部に対して、１質量部以上１０質量部以下であることが好ましい。
The surface of the inorganic particles as an external additive is preferably subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. The hydrophobic treatment is performed, for example, by immersing inorganic particles in a hydrophobic treatment agent. The hydrophobizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silane coupling agents, silicone oils, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
The amount of the hydrophobizing agent is preferably, for example, from 1 part by mass to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic particles.
外添剤としては、樹脂粒子（ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）、メラミン樹脂等の樹脂粒子）、クリーニング活剤（例えば、ステアリン酸亜鉛に代表される高級脂肪酸の金属塩、フッ素系高分子量体の粒子）等も挙げられる。 Examples of external additives include resin particles (resin particles such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and melamine resin), cleaning activators (for example, metal salts of higher fatty acids typified by zinc stearate, fluorine-based high molecular weight substances). Particle) and the like.
外添剤の外添量としては、例えば、トナー粒子に対して、０．０１質量％以上１０質量％以下が好ましく、０．０１質量％以上６質量％以下がより好ましい。 The external addition amount of the external additive is, for example, preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 6% by mass or less with respect to the toner particles.
［トナーの製造方法］
次に、本実施形態に係るトナーの製造方法について説明する。
本実施形態に係るトナーは、トナー粒子を製造後、トナー粒子に対して、外添剤を外添することで得られる。
[Toner Production Method]
Next, a toner manufacturing method according to this embodiment will be described.
The toner according to the exemplary embodiment can be obtained by externally adding an external additive to the toner particles after the toner particles are manufactured.
トナー粒子は、乾式製法（例えば、混練粉砕法等）、湿式製法（例えば、凝集合一法、懸濁重合法、溶解懸濁法等）のいずれにより製造してもよい。これらの製法に特に制限はなく、公知の製法が採用される。これらの中でも、凝集合一法により、トナー粒子を得ることがよい。 The toner particles may be produced by any of a dry production method (for example, a kneading pulverization method) and a wet production method (for example, an aggregation coalescence method, a suspension polymerization method, a dissolution suspension method, etc.). There is no restriction | limiting in particular in these manufacturing methods, A well-known manufacturing method is employ | adopted. Among these, it is preferable to obtain toner particles by an aggregation and coalescence method.
具体的には、例えば、トナー粒子を凝集合一法により製造する場合、
結着樹脂となる樹脂粒子が分散された樹脂粒子分散液を準備する工程（樹脂粒子分散液準備工程）と、樹脂粒子分散液中で（必要に応じて他の粒子分散液を混合した後の分散液中で）、樹脂粒子（必要に応じて他の粒子）を凝集させ、凝集粒子を形成する工程（凝集粒子形成工程）と、凝集粒子が分散された凝集粒子分散液を加熱し、凝集粒子を融合・合一して、トナー粒子を形成する工程（融合・合一工程）と、を経て、トナー粒子を製造する。
Specifically, for example, when toner particles are produced by an aggregation coalescence method,
A step of preparing a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles to be a binder resin are dispersed (resin particle dispersion preparation step), and a resin particle dispersion (after mixing other particle dispersions as necessary) In the dispersion), agglomerating the resin particles (other particles as required) to form aggregated particles (aggregated particle forming step), and heating the aggregated particle dispersion in which the aggregated particles are dispersed to aggregate The toner particles are manufactured through a step of fusing and coalescing the particles to form toner particles (fusing and coalescing step).
以下、各工程の詳細について説明する。
以下の説明では、着色剤、及び離型剤を含むトナー粒子を得る方法について説明するが、着色剤、離型剤は、必要に応じて用いられるものである。無論、着色剤、離型剤以外のその他添加剤を用いてもよい。
Details of each step will be described below.
In the following description, a method for obtaining toner particles containing a colorant and a release agent will be described. The colorant and the release agent are used as necessary. Of course, you may use other additives other than a coloring agent and a mold release agent.
−樹脂粒子分散液準備工程−
結着樹脂となる樹脂粒子が分散された樹脂粒子分散液と共に、例えば、着色剤粒子が分散された着色剤粒子分散液、離型剤粒子が分散された離型剤粒子分散液を準備する。
-Preparation step of resin particle dispersion-
For example, a colorant particle dispersion in which colorant particles are dispersed and a release agent particle dispersion in which release agent particles are dispersed are prepared together with a resin particle dispersion in which resin particles serving as a binder resin are dispersed.
樹脂粒子分散液は、例えば、樹脂粒子を界面活性剤により分散媒中に分散させることにより調製する。 The resin particle dispersion is prepared, for example, by dispersing resin particles in a dispersion medium using a surfactant.
樹脂粒子分散液に用いる分散媒としては、例えば水系媒体が挙げられる。
水系媒体としては、例えば、蒸留水、イオン交換水等の水、アルコール類等が挙げられる。これらは、１種単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the dispersion medium used for the resin particle dispersion include an aqueous medium.
Examples of the aqueous medium include water such as distilled water and ion exchange water, and alcohols. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
界面活性剤としては、例えば、硫酸エステル塩系、スルホン酸塩系、リン酸エステル系、せっけん系等のアニオン界面活性剤；アミン塩型、４級アンモニウム塩型等のカチオン界面活性剤；ポリエチレングリコール系、アルキルフェノールエチレンオキサイド付加物系、多価アルコール系等の非イオン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。これらの中でも特に、アニオン界面活性剤、カチオン界面活性剤が挙げられる。非イオン系界面活性剤は、アニオン界面活性剤又はカチオン界面活性剤と併用してもよい。
界面活性剤は、１種単独で使用してもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。
Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as sulfate ester, sulfonate, phosphate, and soap; cationic surfactants such as amine salt type and quaternary ammonium salt type; polyethylene glycol And nonionic surfactants such as polyphenols, alkylphenol ethylene oxide adducts, and polyhydric alcohols. Among these, an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant are particularly mentioned. The nonionic surfactant may be used in combination with an anionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant.
Surfactant may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
樹脂粒子分散液において、樹脂粒子を分散媒に分散する方法としては、例えば回転せん断型ホモジナイザーや、メディアを有するボールミル、サンドミル、ダイノミル等の一般的な分散方法が挙げられる。また、樹脂粒子の種類によっては、転相乳化法によって分散媒に樹脂粒子を分散させてもよい。転相乳化法とは、分散すべき樹脂を、その樹脂が可溶な疎水性有機溶剤中に溶解せしめ、有機連続相（Ｏ相）に塩基を加えて中和したのち、水系媒体（Ｗ相）を投入することによって、Ｗ／ＯからＯ／Ｗへの転相を行い、樹脂を水系媒体中に粒子状に分散する方法である。 Examples of the method for dispersing the resin particles in the dispersion medium in the resin particle dispersion include a general dispersion method such as a rotary shear homogenizer, a ball mill having media, a sand mill, and a dyno mill. Depending on the type of resin particles, the resin particles may be dispersed in the dispersion medium by a phase inversion emulsification method. The phase inversion emulsification method is a method in which a resin to be dispersed is dissolved in a hydrophobic organic solvent in which the resin is soluble, neutralized by adding a base to the organic continuous phase (O phase), and then an aqueous medium (W phase). ) Is applied to perform phase inversion from W / O to O / W, and the resin is dispersed in the form of particles in the aqueous medium.
樹脂粒子分散液中に分散する樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径としては、例えば０．０１μｍ以上１μｍ以下が好ましく、０．０８μｍ以上０．８μｍ以下がより好ましく、０．１μｍ以上０．６μｍ以下が更に好ましい。
樹脂粒子の体積平均粒径は、レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置（例えば、堀場製作所製、ＬＡ−７００）の測定によって得られた粒度分布を用い、分割された粒度範囲（チャンネル）に対し、体積について小粒径側から累積分布を引き、全粒子に対して累積５０％となる粒径を体積平均粒径Ｄ５０ｖとして測定される。他の分散液中の粒子の体積平均粒径も同様に測定される。
The volume average particle size of the resin particles dispersed in the resin particle dispersion is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 1 μm or less, more preferably 0.08 μm or more and 0.8 μm or less, further 0.1 μm or more and 0.6 μm or less. preferable.
The volume average particle size of the resin particles is a volume with respect to a divided particle size range (channel) using a particle size distribution obtained by measurement with a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, LA-700 manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd.). The cumulative distribution is subtracted from the small particle diameter side, and the particle diameter that is 50% cumulative with respect to all particles is measured as the volume average particle diameter D50v. The volume average particle size of the particles in the other dispersion is also measured in the same manner.
樹脂粒子分散液に含まれる樹脂粒子の含有量は、５質量％以上５０質量％以下が好ましく、１０質量％以上４０質量％以下がより好ましい。 5 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less are preferable, and, as for content of the resin particle contained in the resin particle dispersion liquid, 10 mass% or more and 40 mass% or less are more preferable.
樹脂粒子分散液と同様にして、例えば、着色剤粒子分散液、離型剤粒子分散液も調製される。つまり、樹脂粒子分散液における粒子の体積平均粒径、分散媒、分散方法、及び粒子の含有量に関しては、着色剤粒子分散液中に分散する着色剤粒子、及び離型剤粒子分散液中に分散する離型剤粒子についても同様である。 Similarly to the resin particle dispersion, for example, a colorant particle dispersion and a release agent particle dispersion are also prepared. In other words, regarding the volume average particle diameter of the particles in the resin particle dispersion, the dispersion medium, the dispersion method, and the content of the particles, the colorant particles dispersed in the colorant particle dispersion and the release agent particle dispersion The same applies to the release agent particles to be dispersed.
−凝集粒子形成工程−
次に、樹脂粒子分散液と、着色剤粒子分散液と、離型剤粒子分散液と、を混合する。そして、混合分散液中で、樹脂粒子と着色剤粒子と離型剤粒子とをヘテロ凝集させ目的とするトナー粒子の径に近い径を持つ、樹脂粒子と着色剤粒子と離型剤粒子とを含む凝集粒子を形成する。
-Aggregated particle formation process-
Next, the resin particle dispersion, the colorant particle dispersion, and the release agent particle dispersion are mixed. Then, in the mixed dispersion, resin particles, colorant particles, and release agent particles are hetero-aggregated to have resin particles, colorant particles, and release agent particles having a diameter close to the diameter of the target toner particles. Aggregated particles are formed.
具体的には、例えば、混合分散液に凝集剤を添加すると共に、混合分散液のｐＨを酸性（例えばｐＨ２以上５以下）に調整し、必要に応じて分散安定剤を添加した後、樹脂粒子のガラス転移温度に近い温度（具体的には、例えば、樹脂粒子のガラス転移温度−３０℃以上ガラス転移温度−１０℃以下）に加熱し、混合分散液に分散された粒子を凝集させて、凝集粒子を形成する。
凝集粒子形成工程においては、例えば、混合分散液を回転せん断型ホモジナイザーで撹拌下、室温（例えば２５℃）で凝集剤を添加し、混合分散液のｐＨを酸性（例えばｐＨ２以上５以下）に調整し、必要に応じて分散安定剤を添加した後に、加熱を行ってもよい。
Specifically, for example, a flocculant is added to the mixed dispersion, and the pH of the mixed dispersion is adjusted to acidic (for example, pH 2 to 5), and a dispersion stabilizer is added as necessary. To a temperature close to the glass transition temperature (specifically, for example, the glass transition temperature of the resin particles −30 ° C. or more and the glass transition temperature −10 ° C. or less), the particles dispersed in the mixed dispersion liquid are aggregated, Agglomerated particles are formed.
In the agglomerated particle forming step, for example, the agglomerating agent is added at room temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) while stirring the mixed dispersion with a rotary shearing homogenizer, and the pH of the mixed dispersion is adjusted to be acidic (for example, pH 2 to 5). In addition, heating may be performed after adding a dispersion stabilizer as necessary.
凝集剤としては、例えば、混合分散液に含まれる界面活性剤と逆極性の界面活性剤、無機金属塩、２価以上の金属錯体が挙げられる。凝集剤として金属錯体を用いた場合には、界面活性剤の使用量が低減され、帯電特性が向上する。
凝集剤と共に、該凝集剤の金属イオンと錯体もしくは類似の結合を形成する添加剤を必要に応じて用いてもよい。この添加剤としては、キレート剤が好適に用いられる。
Examples of the flocculant include a surfactant having a polarity opposite to that of the surfactant contained in the mixed dispersion, an inorganic metal salt, and a bivalent or higher-valent metal complex. When a metal complex is used as the aggregating agent, the amount of the surfactant used is reduced and the charging characteristics are improved.
If necessary, an additive that forms a complex or a similar bond with the metal ion of the flocculant may be used together with the flocculant. As this additive, a chelating agent is preferably used.
無機金属塩としては、例えば、塩化カルシウム、硝酸カルシウム、塩化バリウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化亜鉛、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム等の金属塩；ポリ塩化アルミニウム、ポリ水酸化アルミニウム、多硫化カルシウム等の無機金属塩重合体；などが挙げられる。
キレート剤としては、水溶性のキレート剤を用いてもよい。キレート剤としては、例えば、酒石酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸等のオキシカルボン酸；イミノ二酢酸（ＩＤＡ）、ニトリロ三酢酸（ＮＴＡ）、エチレンジアミン四酢酸（ＥＤＴＡ）等のアミノカルボン酸；などが挙げられる。
凝集剤の添加量は、樹脂粒子１００質量部に対して０．０１質量部以上５．０質量部以下が好ましく、０．１質量部以上３．０質量部未満がより好ましい。
Examples of inorganic metal salts include metal salts such as calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, barium chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate; inorganic metal salts such as polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum hydroxide, and calcium polysulfide Polymer; and the like.
A water-soluble chelating agent may be used as the chelating agent. Examples of the chelating agent include oxycarboxylic acids such as tartaric acid, citric acid, and gluconic acid; aminocarboxylic acids such as iminodiacetic acid (IDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); .
The addition amount of the flocculant is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and less than 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin particles.
−融合・合一工程−
次に、凝集粒子が分散された凝集粒子分散液を、例えば、樹脂粒子のガラス転移温度以上（例えば樹脂粒子のガラス転移温度より３０℃から５０℃高い温度以上）、かつ離型剤の融解温度以上に加熱して、凝集粒子を融合・合一し、トナー粒子を形成する。
融合・合一工程では、樹脂粒子のガラス転移温度以上、離型剤の融解温度以上では、樹脂および離型剤が融和した状態にある。その後、冷却してトナーを得る。
トナー中の離型剤のアスペクト比を調整する方法としては、冷却時に離型剤の凝固点周辺温度で一定時間保持することで結晶成長させたり、融解温度の異なる離型剤を２種類以上使用することにより冷却中の結晶成長を促すことができ、調整できる。
-Fusion / unification process-
Next, the aggregated particle dispersion in which the aggregated particles are dispersed is, for example, not less than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles (for example, not less than 30 ° C to 50 ° C higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin particles) and the melting temperature of the release agent. By heating as described above, the aggregated particles are fused and combined to form toner particles.
In the fusing / unifying step, the resin and the release agent are in a state of being united above the glass transition temperature of the resin particles and above the melting temperature of the release agent. Thereafter, the toner is obtained by cooling.
As a method for adjusting the aspect ratio of the release agent in the toner, at the time of cooling, the crystal is grown by holding at a temperature around the freezing point of the release agent for a certain time, or two or more release agents having different melting temperatures are used. Therefore, crystal growth during cooling can be promoted and adjusted.
以上の工程を経て、トナー粒子が得られる。
凝集粒子が分散された凝集粒子分散液を得た後、前記凝集粒子分散液と、樹脂粒子が分散された樹脂粒子分散液と、を更に混合し、凝集粒子の表面に更に樹脂粒子を付着するように凝集して、第２凝集粒子を形成する工程と、第２凝集粒子が分散された第２凝集粒子分散液に対して加熱をし、第２凝集粒子を融合・合一して、コア・シェル構造のトナー粒子を形成する工程と、を経て、トナー粒子を製造してもよい。
Through the above steps, toner particles are obtained.
After obtaining the agglomerated particle dispersion in which the agglomerated particles are dispersed, the agglomerated particle dispersion is further mixed with the resin particle dispersion in which the resin particles are dispersed, and the resin particles are further adhered to the surface of the agglomerated particles. The second agglomerated particles are agglomerated to form a second agglomerated particle, and the second agglomerated particle dispersion is heated to fuse and coalesce the second agglomerated particles. The toner particles may be manufactured through a step of forming toner particles having a shell structure.
融合・合一工程終了後、溶液中に形成されたトナー粒子に、公知の洗浄工程、固液分離工程、及び乾燥工程を施して乾燥した状態のトナー粒子を得る。洗浄工程は、帯電性の観点から、イオン交換水による置換洗浄を充分に施すことがよい。固液分離工程は、生産性の観点から、吸引濾過、加圧濾過等を施すことがよい。乾燥工程は、生産性の観点から、凍結乾燥、気流乾燥、流動乾燥、振動型流動乾燥等を施すことがよい。 After completion of the coalescence / union process, the toner particles formed in the solution are subjected to a known washing process, solid-liquid separation process, and drying process to obtain dried toner particles. In the washing step, it is preferable to sufficiently perform substitution washing with ion exchange water from the viewpoint of chargeability. In the solid-liquid separation step, suction filtration, pressure filtration, or the like is preferably performed from the viewpoint of productivity. From the viewpoint of productivity, the drying step is preferably performed by freeze drying, air flow drying, fluidized drying, vibration fluidized drying, or the like.
そして、本実施形態に係るトナーは、例えば、得られた乾燥状態のトナー粒子に、外添剤を添加し、混合することにより製造される。混合は、例えばＶブレンダー、ヘンシェルミキサー、レーディゲミキサー等によって行うことがよい。更に、必要に応じて、振動篩分機、風力篩分機等を使ってトナーの粗大粒子を取り除いてもよい。 The toner according to the exemplary embodiment is manufactured, for example, by adding an external additive to the obtained dry toner particles and mixing them. Mixing may be performed by, for example, a V blender, a Henschel mixer, a Laedige mixer, or the like. Further, if necessary, coarse toner particles may be removed using a vibration sieving machine, a wind sieving machine, or the like.
＜静電荷像現像剤＞
本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤は、本実施形態に係るトナーを少なくとも含むものである。本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤は、本実施形態に係るトナーのみを含む一成分現像剤であってもよいし、当該トナーとキャリアとを混合した二成分現像剤であってもよい。
<Electrostatic image developer>
The electrostatic charge image developer according to the exemplary embodiment includes at least the toner according to the exemplary embodiment. The electrostatic charge image developer according to this embodiment may be a one-component developer including only the toner according to this embodiment, or may be a two-component developer in which the toner and a carrier are mixed.
キャリアとしては、特に制限はなく、公知のキャリアが挙げられる。キャリアとしては、例えば、磁性粉からなる芯材の表面に樹脂を被覆した被覆キャリア；マトリックス樹脂中に磁性粉が分散して配合された磁性粉分散型キャリア；多孔質の磁性粉に樹脂を含浸させた樹脂含浸型キャリア；等が挙げられる。磁性粉分散型キャリア及び樹脂含浸型キャリアは、当該キャリアの構成粒子を芯材とし、この表面に樹脂を被覆したキャリアであってもよい。 There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a carrier, A well-known carrier is mentioned. Examples of carriers include a coated carrier in which the surface of a core made of magnetic powder is coated with a resin; a magnetic powder-dispersed carrier in which magnetic powder is dispersed in a matrix resin; and a porous magnetic powder impregnated with resin. Resin impregnated type carriers; and the like. The magnetic powder-dispersed carrier and the resin-impregnated carrier may be carriers in which the constituent particles of the carrier are used as a core and the surface is coated with a resin.
磁性粉としては、例えば、鉄、ニッケル、コバルト等の磁性金属；フェライト、マグネタイト等の磁性酸化物；などが挙げられる。 Examples of the magnetic powder include magnetic metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt; magnetic oxides such as ferrite and magnetite.
被覆用の樹脂及びマトリックス樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリビニルアセテート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリビニルケトン、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、スチレン−アクリル酸エステル共重合体、オルガノシロキサン結合を含んで構成されるストレートシリコーン樹脂又はその変性品、フッ素樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。被覆用の樹脂及びマトリックス樹脂には、導電性粒子等の添加剤を含ませてもよい。導電性粒子としては、金、銀、銅等の金属、カーボンブラック、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ、硫酸バリウム、ホウ酸アルミニウム、チタン酸カリウム等の粒子が挙げられる。 Examples of the coating resin and matrix resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl ketone, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid. Examples thereof include an ester copolymer, a straight silicone resin containing an organosiloxane bond or a modified product thereof, a fluororesin, a polyester, a polycarbonate, a phenol resin, and an epoxy resin. The coating resin and the matrix resin may contain additives such as conductive particles. Examples of the conductive particles include particles of metals such as gold, silver, and copper, carbon black, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, barium sulfate, aluminum borate, and potassium titanate.
芯材の表面を樹脂で被覆するには、被覆用の樹脂、及び各種添加剤（必要に応じて使用する）を適当な溶媒に溶解した被覆層形成用溶液により被覆する方法等が挙げられる。溶媒としては、特に限定されるものではなく、使用する樹脂の種類や、塗布適性等を勘案して選択すればよい。具体的な樹脂被覆方法としては、芯材を被覆層形成用溶液中に浸漬する浸漬法；被覆層形成用溶液を芯材表面に噴霧するスプレー法；芯材を流動エアーにより浮遊させた状態で被覆層形成用溶液を噴霧する流動床法；ニーダーコーター中でキャリアの芯材と被覆層形成用溶液とを混合し、その後に溶剤を除去するニーダーコーター法；等が挙げられる。 In order to coat the surface of the core material with a resin, a method of coating with a coating layer forming solution in which a coating resin and various additives (used as necessary) are dissolved in an appropriate solvent may be mentioned. The solvent is not particularly limited, and may be selected in consideration of the type of resin used, application suitability, and the like. Specific resin coating methods include a dipping method in which a core material is immersed in a coating layer forming solution; a spray method in which the coating layer forming solution is sprayed on the surface of the core material; A fluidized bed method in which a coating layer forming solution is sprayed; a kneader coater method in which a carrier core material and a coating layer forming solution are mixed in a kneader coater, and then the solvent is removed;
二成分現像剤におけるトナーとキャリアとの混合比（質量比）は、トナー：キャリア＝１：１００乃至３０：１００が好ましく、３：１００乃至２０：１００がより好ましい。 The mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the toner and the carrier in the two-component developer is preferably toner: carrier = 1: 100 to 30: 100, and more preferably 3: 100 to 20: 100.
＜画像形成装置、画像形成方法＞
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置／画像形成方法について説明する。
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置は、像保持体と、像保持体の表面を帯電する帯電手段と、帯電した像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成手段と、静電荷像現像剤を収容し、静電荷像現像剤により、像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像手段と、像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写手段と、記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着手段と、を備える。そして、静電荷像現像剤として、本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤が適用される。
<Image forming apparatus and image forming method>
The image forming apparatus / image forming method according to the present embodiment will be described.
The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging unit that charges the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic image forming unit that forms an electrostatic image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and an electrostatic charge. Development means for containing an image developer and developing the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image with the electrostatic image developer, and the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a recording medium Transfer means for transferring to the surface of the recording medium, and fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium. The electrostatic charge image developer according to this embodiment is applied as the electrostatic charge image developer.
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置では、像保持体の表面を帯電する帯電工程と、帯電した像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成工程と、本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤により、像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像工程と、像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写工程と、記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着工程と、を有する画像形成方法（本実施形態に係る画像形成方法）が実施される。 In the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment, a charging process for charging the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic charge image forming process for forming an electrostatic image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and an electrostatic charge according to this embodiment. A developing step of developing an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image with an image developer; a transfer step of transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to the surface of the recording medium; An image forming method (an image forming method according to the present embodiment) including a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the surface of the recording medium is performed.
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置は、像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を直接記録媒体に転写する直接転写方式の装置；像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を中間転写体の表面に一次転写し、中間転写体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に二次転写する中間転写方式の装置；トナー画像の転写後、帯電前の像保持体の表面をクリーニングするクリーニング手段を備えた装置；トナー画像の転写後、帯電前に像保持体の表面に除電光を照射して除電する除電手段を備える装置；等の公知の画像形成装置が適用される。
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置が中間転写方式の装置の場合、転写手段は、例えば、表面にトナー画像が転写される中間転写体と、像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を中間転写体の表面に一次転写する一次転写手段と、中間転写体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に二次転写する二次転写手段と、を有する構成が適用される。
The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment is a direct transfer type apparatus that directly transfers a toner image formed on the surface of an image carrier to a recording medium; the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier is transferred to an intermediate transfer member An intermediate transfer type apparatus that primarily transfers the toner image transferred to the surface of the intermediate transfer body and then secondary transfer the toner image to the surface of the recording medium; after the toner image is transferred, the surface of the image carrier before charging is cleaned. A known image forming apparatus such as an apparatus provided with cleaning means; an apparatus provided with charge eliminating means for irradiating the surface of the image carrier with charge removing light after the toner image is transferred and before charging is applied.
In the case where the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment is an intermediate transfer type apparatus, for example, the transfer unit intermediately transfers an intermediate transfer body on which a toner image is transferred onto the surface and a toner image formed on the surface of the image holding body. A configuration having primary transfer means for primary transfer onto the surface of the body and secondary transfer means for secondary transfer of the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto the surface of the recording medium is applied.
本実施形態に係る画像形成装置において、例えば、現像手段を含む部分が、画像形成装置に対して着脱するカートリッジ構造（プロセスカートリッジ）であってもよい。プロセスカートリッジとしては、例えば、本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤を収容した現像手段を備えるプロセスカートリッジが好適に用いられる。 In the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, for example, the part including the developing unit may have a cartridge structure (process cartridge) that can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus. As the process cartridge, for example, a process cartridge including a developing unit containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to the present embodiment is preferably used.
以下、本実施形態に係る画像形成装置の一例を説明するが、これに限定されるわけではない。以下の説明においては、図に示す主要部を説明し、その他はその説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, an example of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this. In the following description, the main part shown in the figure will be described, and the description of other parts will be omitted.
図１は、本実施形態に係る画像形成装置を示す概略構成図である。
図１に示す画像形成装置は、色分解された画像データに基づく、イエロー（Ｙ）、マゼンタ（Ｍ）、シアン（Ｃ）、ブラック（Ｋ）の各色の画像を出力する電子写真方式の第１乃至第４の画像形成ユニット１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋ（画像形成手段）を備えている。これらの画像形成ユニット（以下、単に「ユニット」ともいう）１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋは、水平方向に互いに予め定められた距離離間して並設されている。これらユニット１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋは、画像形成装置に対して着脱するプロセスカートリッジであってもよい。
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.
The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a first electrophotographic system that outputs an image of each color of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) based on color-separated image data. To fourth image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K (image forming means). These image forming units (hereinafter also simply referred to as “units”) 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K are arranged in parallel at a predetermined distance from each other in the horizontal direction. These units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K may be process cartridges that can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.
各ユニット１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋの上方には、各ユニットを通して中間転写ベルト（中間転写体の一例）２０が延設されている。中間転写ベルト２０は、中間転写ベルト２０の内面に接する、駆動ロール２２及び支持ロール２４に巻きつけて設けられ、第１のユニット１０Ｙから第４のユニット１０Ｋに向う方向に走行するようになっている。支持ロール２４は、図示しないバネ等により駆動ロール２２から離れる方向に力が加えられており、両者に巻きつけられた中間転写ベルト２０に張力が与えられている。中間転写ベルト２０の像保持面側には、駆動ロール２２と対向して中間転写ベルトクリーニング装置３０が備えられている。 Above each unit 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K, an intermediate transfer belt (an example of an intermediate transfer member) 20 is extended through each unit. The intermediate transfer belt 20 is provided around a drive roll 22 and a support roll 24 that are in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt 20, and travels in a direction from the first unit 10Y to the fourth unit 10K. Yes. A force is applied to the support roll 24 in a direction away from the drive roll 22 by a spring or the like (not shown), and tension is applied to the intermediate transfer belt 20 wound around the support roll 24. An intermediate transfer belt cleaning device 30 is provided on the image holding surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 20 so as to face the drive roll 22.
各ユニット１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋの現像装置（現像手段の一例）４Ｙ、４Ｍ、４Ｃ、４Ｋのそれぞれには、トナーカートリッジ８Ｙ、８Ｍ、８Ｃ、８Ｋに収められたイエロー、マゼンタ、シアン、ブラックの各トナーの供給がなされる。 Each unit 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K developing device (an example of developing means) 4Y, 4M, 4C, 4K has yellow, magenta, cyan, black in toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, 8K, respectively. Each toner is supplied.
第１乃至第４のユニット１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋは、同等の構成及び動作を有しているため、ここでは中間転写ベルト走行方向の上流側に配設されたイエローの画像を形成する第１のユニット１０Ｙについて代表して説明する。 Since the first to fourth units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10K have the same configuration and operation, the first image forming the yellow image disposed upstream in the traveling direction of the intermediate transfer belt is formed here. One unit 10Y will be described as a representative.
第１のユニット１０Ｙは、像保持体として作用する感光体１Ｙを有している。感光体１Ｙの周囲には、感光体１Ｙの表面を予め定められた電位に帯電させる帯電ロール（帯電手段の一例）２Ｙ、帯電された表面を色分解された画像信号に基づくレーザ光線３Ｙによって露光して静電荷像を形成する露光装置（静電荷像形成手段の一例）３、静電荷像に帯電したトナーを供給して静電荷像を現像する現像装置（現像手段の一例）４Ｙ、現像したトナー画像を中間転写ベルト２０上に転写する一次転写ロール（一次転写手段の一例）５Ｙ、及び一次転写後に感光体１Ｙの表面に残存するトナーを除去する感光体クリーニング装置（像保持体クリーニング手段の一例）６Ｙが順に配置されている。 The first unit 10Y includes a photoreceptor 1Y that functions as an image holding member. Around the photoreceptor 1Y, a charging roll (an example of a charging unit) 2Y that charges the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y to a predetermined potential, and the charged surface is exposed by a laser beam 3Y based on the color-separated image signal. Then, an exposure device (an example of an electrostatic image forming unit) 3 that forms an electrostatic image, and a developing device (an example of a developing unit) 4Y that develops the electrostatic image by supplying toner charged to the electrostatic image, developed A primary transfer roll (an example of a primary transfer unit) 5Y that transfers the toner image onto the intermediate transfer belt 20, and a photoconductor cleaning device (of the image carrier cleaning unit) that removes toner remaining on the surface of the photoconductor 1Y after the primary transfer. Example) 6Y are arranged in order.
一次転写ロール５Ｙは、中間転写ベルト２０の内側に配置され、感光体１Ｙに対向した位置に設けられている。各ユニットの一次転写ロール５Ｙ、５Ｍ、５Ｃ、５Ｋには、一次転写バイアスを印加するバイアス電源（図示せず）がそれぞれ接続されている。各バイアス電源は、図示しない制御部による制御によって、各一次転写ロールに印加する転写バイアスの値を変える。 The primary transfer roll 5Y is disposed inside the intermediate transfer belt 20, and is provided at a position facing the photoreceptor 1Y. A bias power source (not shown) for applying a primary transfer bias is connected to the primary transfer rolls 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K of each unit. Each bias power source changes the value of the transfer bias applied to each primary transfer roll under the control of a control unit (not shown).
以下、第１のユニット１０Ｙにおいてイエロー画像を形成する動作について説明する。
まず、動作に先立って、帯電ロール２Ｙによって感光体１Ｙの表面が−６００Ｖ乃至−８００Ｖの電位に帯電される。
感光体１Ｙは、導電性（例えば２０℃における体積抵抗率１×１０−６Ωｃｍ以下）の基体上に感光層を積層して形成されている。この感光層は、通常は高抵抗（一般の樹脂の抵抗）であるが、レーザ光線が照射されると、レーザ光線が照射された部分の比抵抗が変化する性質を持っている。そこで、帯電した感光体１Ｙの表面に、図示しない制御部から送られてくるイエロー用の画像データに従って、露光装置３からレーザ光線３Ｙを照射する。それにより、イエローの画像パターンの静電荷像が感光体１Ｙの表面に形成される。
Hereinafter, an operation of forming a yellow image in the first unit 10Y will be described.
First, prior to operation, the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y is charged to a potential of −600V to −800V by the charging roll 2Y.
The photoreceptor 1Y is formed by laminating a photosensitive layer on a conductive base (for example, a volume resistivity of 1 × 10 −6 Ωcm or less at 20 ° C.). This photosensitive layer usually has a high resistance (general resin resistance), but has a property of changing the specific resistance of the portion irradiated with the laser beam when irradiated with the laser beam. Therefore, the laser beam 3Y is irradiated from the exposure device 3 on the surface of the charged photoreceptor 1Y in accordance with yellow image data sent from a control unit (not shown). Thereby, an electrostatic charge image of a yellow image pattern is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y.
静電荷像とは、帯電によって感光体１Ｙの表面に形成される像であり、レーザ光線３Ｙによって、感光層の被照射部分の比抵抗が低下し、感光体１Ｙの表面の帯電した電荷が流れ、一方、レーザ光線３Ｙが照射されなかった部分の電荷が残留することによって形成される、いわゆるネガ潜像である。
感光体１Ｙ上に形成された静電荷像は、感光体１Ｙの走行に従って予め定められた現像位置まで回転する。そして、この現像位置で、感光体１Ｙ上の静電荷像が、現像装置４Ｙによってトナー画像として現像され可視化される。
The electrostatic charge image is an image formed on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y by charging, and the specific resistance of the irradiated portion of the photosensitive layer is lowered by the laser beam 3Y, and the charged charge on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y flows. On the other hand, this is a so-called negative latent image formed by the charge remaining in the portion not irradiated with the laser beam 3Y.
The electrostatic charge image formed on the photoreceptor 1Y rotates to a predetermined development position as the photoreceptor 1Y travels. At this development position, the electrostatic charge image on the photoreceptor 1Y is developed and visualized as a toner image by the developing device 4Y.
現像装置４Ｙ内には、例えば、少なくともイエロートナーとキャリアとを含む静電荷像現像剤が収容されている。イエロートナーは、現像装置４Ｙの内部で撹拌されることで摩擦帯電し、感光体１Ｙ上に帯電した帯電荷と同極性（負極性）の電荷を有して現像剤ロール（現像剤保持体の一例）上に保持されている。そして、感光体１Ｙの表面が現像装置４Ｙを通過していくことにより、感光体１Ｙ表面上の除電された潜像部にイエロートナーが静電的に付着し、潜像がイエロートナーによって現像される。イエローのトナー画像が形成された感光体１Ｙは、引続き予め定められた速度で走行され、感光体１Ｙ上に現像されたトナー画像が予め定められた一次転写位置へ搬送される。 In the developing device 4Y, for example, an electrostatic charge image developer containing at least yellow toner and a carrier is accommodated. The yellow toner is triboelectrically charged by being agitated inside the developing device 4Y, has a charge of the same polarity (negative polarity) as the charged electric charge on the photoreceptor 1Y, and has a developer roll (of the developer holder). Example) is held on. Then, as the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y passes through the developing device 4Y, the yellow toner is electrostatically attached to the latent image portion on the surface of the photoreceptor 1Y, and the latent image is developed with the yellow toner. The The photoreceptor 1Y on which the yellow toner image is formed continues to run at a predetermined speed, and the toner image developed on the photoreceptor 1Y is conveyed to a predetermined primary transfer position.
感光体１Ｙ上のイエローのトナー画像が一次転写位置へ搬送されると、一次転写ロール５Ｙに一次転写バイアスが印加され、感光体１Ｙから一次転写ロール５Ｙに向う静電気力がトナー画像に作用し、感光体１Ｙ上のトナー画像が中間転写ベルト２０上に転写される。このとき印加される転写バイアスは、トナーの極性（−）と逆極性の（＋）極性であり、第１のユニット１０Ｙでは制御部（図示せず）によって例えば＋１０μＡに制御されている。感光体１Ｙ上に残留したトナーは、感光体クリーニング装置６Ｙで除去されて回収される。 When the yellow toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is transported to the primary transfer position, a primary transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer roll 5Y, and electrostatic force from the photoreceptor 1Y toward the primary transfer roll 5Y acts on the toner image. The toner image on the photoreceptor 1Y is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 20. The transfer bias applied at this time has a (+) polarity opposite to the polarity (−) of the toner, and is controlled to, for example, +10 μA by the control unit (not shown) in the first unit 10Y. The toner remaining on the photoreceptor 1Y is removed and collected by the photoreceptor cleaning device 6Y.
第２ユニット１０Ｍ以降の一次転写ロール５Ｍ、５Ｃ、５Ｋに印加される一次転写バイアスも、第１のユニットに準じて制御されている。
こうして、第１のユニット１０Ｙにてイエローのトナー画像が転写された中間転写ベルト２０は、第２乃至第４のユニット１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋを通して順次搬送され、各色のトナー画像が重ねられて多重転写される。
The primary transfer bias applied to the primary transfer rolls 5M, 5C, and 5K after the second unit 10M is also controlled according to the first unit.
In this way, the intermediate transfer belt 20 onto which the yellow toner image has been transferred by the first unit 10Y is sequentially conveyed through the second to fourth units 10M, 10C, and 10K, and the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed to perform multiple transfer. Is done.
第１乃至第４のユニットを通して４色のトナー画像が多重転写された中間転写ベルト２０は、中間転写ベルト２０と、中間転写ベルトの内面に接する支持ロール２４と、中間転写ベルト２０の像保持面側に配置された二次転写ロール（二次転写手段の一例）２６とから構成された二次転写部へと至る。一方、記録紙（記録媒体の一例）Ｐが供給機構を介して二次転写ロール２６と中間転写ベルト２０とが接触した隙間に予め定められたタイミングで給紙され、二次転写バイアスが支持ロール２４に印加される。このとき印加される転写バイアスは、トナーの極性（−）と同極性の（−）極性であり、中間転写ベルト２０から記録紙Ｐに向う静電気力がトナー画像に作用し、中間転写ベルト２０上のトナー画像が記録紙Ｐ上に転写される。この際の二次転写バイアスは二次転写部の抵抗を検出する抵抗検出手段（図示せず）により検出された抵抗に応じて決定されるものであり、電圧制御されている。 The intermediate transfer belt 20 onto which the four color toner images have been transferred in multiple ways through the first to fourth units includes the intermediate transfer belt 20, a support roll 24 in contact with the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt, and an image holding surface of the intermediate transfer belt 20. To a secondary transfer portion composed of a secondary transfer roll (an example of secondary transfer means) 26 arranged on the side. On the other hand, recording paper (an example of a recording medium) P is fed at a predetermined timing into a gap where the secondary transfer roll 26 and the intermediate transfer belt 20 are in contact with each other via a supply mechanism, and the secondary transfer bias is supplied to the support roll. 24. The transfer bias applied at this time is a (−) polarity that is the same polarity as the polarity (−) of the toner, and an electrostatic force from the intermediate transfer belt 20 toward the recording paper P acts on the toner image, and the transfer bias is applied to the intermediate transfer belt 20. The toner image is transferred onto the recording paper P. The secondary transfer bias at this time is determined according to the resistance detected by a resistance detecting means (not shown) for detecting the resistance of the secondary transfer portion, and is voltage-controlled.
トナー画像が転写された記録紙Ｐは定着装置（定着手段の一例）２８における一対の定着ロールの圧接部（ニップ部）へと送り込まれ、トナー画像が記録紙Ｐ上へ定着され、定着画像が形成される。カラー画像の定着が完了した記録紙Ｐは、排出部へ向けて搬出され、一連のカラー画像形成動作が終了される。 The recording paper P onto which the toner image has been transferred is sent to a pressure contact portion (nip portion) of a pair of fixing rolls in a fixing device (an example of a fixing unit) 28, and the toner image is fixed onto the recording paper P. It is formed. The recording paper P on which the color image has been fixed is carried out toward the discharge unit, and a series of color image forming operations is completed.
トナー画像を転写する記録紙Ｐとしては、例えば、電子写真方式の複写機、プリンター等に使用される普通紙が挙げられる。記録媒体としては、記録紙Ｐ以外にも、ＯＨＰシート等も挙げられる。定着後における画像表面の平滑性を更に向上させるには、記録紙Ｐの表面も平滑であることが好ましく、例えば、普通紙の表面を樹脂等でコーティングしたコート紙、印刷用のアート紙等が好適に使用される。 Examples of the recording paper P to which the toner image is transferred include plain paper used in electrophotographic copying machines, printers, and the like. As the recording medium, in addition to the recording paper P, an OHP sheet and the like are also included. In order to further improve the smoothness of the image surface after fixing, it is preferable that the surface of the recording paper P is also smooth. For example, coated paper in which the surface of plain paper is coated with resin, art paper for printing, etc. Preferably used.
＜プロセスカートリッジ、トナーカートリッジ＞
本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジは、本実施形態に係る静電荷像現像剤を収容し、静電荷像現像剤により、像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像手段を備え、画像形成装置に着脱されるプロセスカートリッジである。
<Process cartridge, toner cartridge>
The process cartridge according to the present embodiment accommodates the electrostatic image developer according to the present embodiment, and develops the electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic image developer. And a process cartridge that can be attached to and detached from the image forming apparatus.
本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジは、現像手段と、必要に応じて、例えば、像保持体、帯電手段、静電荷像形成手段、及び転写手段等のその他手段から選択される少なくとも一つと、を備える構成であってもよい。 The process cartridge according to this embodiment includes a developing unit and, if necessary, at least one selected from other units such as an image holding member, a charging unit, an electrostatic charge image forming unit, and a transfer unit. It may be a configuration.
以下、本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジの一例を示すが、これに限定されるわけではない。以下の説明においては、図に示す主要部を説明し、その他はその説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, an example of the process cartridge according to the present embodiment will be shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. In the following description, the main part shown in the figure will be described, and the description of other parts will be omitted.
図２は、本実施形態に係るプロセスカートリッジの一例を示す概略構成図である。
図２に示すプロセスカートリッジ２００は、例えば、取り付けレール１１６及び露光のための開口部１１８が備えられた筐体１１７により、感光体１０７（像保持体の一例）と、感光体１０７の周囲に備えられた帯電ロール１０８（帯電手段の一例）、現像装置１１１（現像手段の一例）、及び感光体クリーニング装置１１３（クリーニング手段の一例）を一体的に組み合わせて保持して構成し、カートリッジ化されている。
図２中、１０９は露光装置（静電荷像形成手段の一例）、１１２は転写装置（転写手段の一例）、１１５は定着装置（定着手段の一例）、３００は記録紙（記録媒体の一例）を示している。
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a process cartridge according to the present embodiment.
The process cartridge 200 shown in FIG. 2 is provided around the photoconductor 107 and the photoconductor 107 by, for example, a housing 117 provided with an attachment rail 116 and an opening 118 for exposure. A charging roller 108 (an example of a charging unit), a developing device 111 (an example of a developing unit), and a photoconductor cleaning device 113 (an example of a cleaning unit) are integrally combined and held to form a cartridge. Yes.
In FIG. 2, 109 is an exposure device (an example of an electrostatic charge image forming unit), 112 is a transfer device (an example of a transfer unit), 115 is a fixing device (an example of a fixing unit), and 300 is a recording paper (an example of a recording medium). Is shown.
次に、本実施形態に係るトナーカートリッジについて説明する。
本実施形態に係るトナーカートリッジは、本実施形態に係るトナーを収容し、画像形成装置に着脱されるトナーカートリッジである。トナーカートリッジは、画像形成装置内に設けられた現像手段に供給するための補給用のトナーを収容するものである。
Next, the toner cartridge according to this embodiment will be described.
The toner cartridge according to the present exemplary embodiment is a toner cartridge that accommodates the toner according to the present exemplary embodiment and is detachable from the image forming apparatus. The toner cartridge contains toner for replenishment to be supplied to the developing means provided in the image forming apparatus.
図１に示す画像形成装置は、トナーカートリッジ８Ｙ、８Ｍ、８Ｃ、８Ｋが着脱される構成を有する画像形成装置であり、現像装置４Ｙ、４Ｍ、４Ｃ、４Ｋは、各々の色に対応したトナーカートリッジと、図示しないトナー供給管で接続されている。トナーカートリッジ内に収容されているトナーが少なくなった場合には、このトナーカートリッジが交換される。 The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is an image forming apparatus having a configuration in which toner cartridges 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K are attached and detached. The developing devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K are toner cartridges corresponding to respective colors. And a toner supply pipe (not shown). When the amount of toner stored in the toner cartridge becomes low, this toner cartridge is replaced.
以下、本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の説明において、特に断りのない限り、「部」及び「％」はすべて質量基準である。
また、トナーの表面性指標値、比表面積実測値及び比表面積計算値、トナーの比重、離型剤の融解温度Ｔｍについては、前述した方法により測定又は算出した。
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the following description, “part” and “%” are all based on mass unless otherwise specified.
Further, the surface property index value of the toner, the measured value of the specific surface area and the calculated value of the specific surface area, the specific gravity of the toner, and the melting temperature Tm of the release agent were measured or calculated by the method described above.
（実施例１）
−シアン着色粒子分散液の調製−
・Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ Ｂｌｕｅ １５：３：５０部
・アニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）：５部
・イオン交換水：２２０部
上記成分を混合し、アルティマイザ（スギノマシン社製）により２４０ＭＰａで１０分処理し、シアン着色粒子分散液（固形分濃度：２０％）を調製した。
Example 1
-Preparation of cyan colored particle dispersion-
・ C. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3: 50 parts, anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 5 parts, ion-exchanged water: 220 parts The above ingredients are mixed together, and an optimizer (manufactured by Sugino Machine) ) For 10 minutes at 240 MPa to prepare a cyan colored particle dispersion (solid content concentration: 20%).
−離型剤粒子分散液（１）（ｗａｘ１）の調製−
・エステルワックス（日油（株）製ＷＥＰ−２）：１００部
・アニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）：２．５部
・イオン交換水：２５０部
上記材料を混合して１２０℃に加熱し、ホモジナイザー（ＩＫＡ社製ウルトラタラックスＴ５０）を用いて分散した後、マントンゴーリン高圧ホモジナイザー（ゴーリン社製）で分散処理し、体積平均粒径３３０ｎｍの離型剤粒子が分散された離型剤粒子分散液（１）（ｗａｘ１、固形分量２９．１％）を得た。
-Preparation of release agent particle dispersion (1) (wax1)-
・ Ester wax (WEP-2 manufactured by NOF Corporation): 100 parts ・ Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 2.5 parts ・ Ion exchange water: 250 parts The mixture was heated to 120 ° C. and dispersed using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50, manufactured by IKA), then dispersed with a Menton Gorin high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Gorin), and a release agent having a volume average particle size of 330 nm. Release agent particle dispersion liquid (1) (wax1, solid content 29.1%) in which particles were dispersed was obtained.
−離型剤粒子分散液（２）（ｗａｘ２）の調製−
・フィッシャートロプシュワックス（日本精鑞（株）製ＨＮＰ−９）：１００部
・アニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）：２．５部
・イオン交換水：２５０部
上記材料を混合して１２０℃に加熱し、ホモジナイザー（ＩＫＡ社製ウルトラタラックスＴ５０）を用いて分散した後、マントンゴーリン高圧ホモジナイザー（ゴーリン社製）で分散処理し、体積平均粒径３４０ｎｍの離型剤粒子が分散された離型剤粒子分散液（２）（ｗａｘ２、固形分量２９．２％）を得た。
-Preparation of release agent particle dispersion (2) (wax2)-
Fischer-Tropsch wax (HNP-9 manufactured by Nihon Seiki Co., Ltd.): 100 parts Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 2.5 parts Ion-exchanged water: 250 parts The above materials were mixed, heated to 120 ° C., dispersed using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50, manufactured by IKA), then dispersed with a Manton Gorin high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Gorin), and separated with a volume average particle size of 340 nm. A release agent particle dispersion liquid (2) (wax 2, solid content 29.2%) in which mold agent particles were dispersed was obtained.
−離型剤粒子分散液（３）（ｗａｘ３）の調製−
・パラフィンワックス（日本精鑞（株）製ＦＮＰ００９０）：１００部
・アニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）：２．５部
・イオン交換水：２５０部
上記材料を混合して１２０℃に加熱し、ホモジナイザー（ＩＫＡ社製ウルトラタラックスＴ５０）を用いて分散した後、マントンゴーリン高圧ホモジナイザー（ゴーリン社製）で分散処理し、体積平均粒径３６０ｎｍの離型剤粒子が分散された離型剤粒子分散液（３）（ｗａｘ３、固形分量２９．０％）を得た。
-Preparation of release agent particle dispersion (3) (wax3)-
Paraffin wax (Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd. FNP0090): 100 parts Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 2.5 parts Ion-exchanged water: 250 parts Mix, heat to 120 ° C., disperse using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50, manufactured by IKA), disperse using a high pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Manton Gorin) (manufactured by Gorin), and release agent particles having a volume average particle diameter of 360 nm. Release agent particle dispersion (3) (wax3, solid content 29.0%) was obtained.
−離型剤粒子分散液（４）（ｗａｘ４）の調製−
・ポリエチレンワックス（東洋ペトロライト（株）製ポリワックス７２５）：１００部
・アニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）：２．５部
・イオン交換水：２５０部
上記材料を混合して１００℃に加熱し、ホモジナイザー（ＩＫＡ社製ウルトラタラックスＴ５０）を用いて分散した後、マントンゴーリン高圧ホモジナイザー（ゴーリン社製）で分散処理し、体積平均粒径３７０ｎｍの離型剤粒子が分散された離型剤粒子分散液（４）（ｗａｘ４、固形分量２９．３％）を得た。
-Preparation of release agent particle dispersion (4) (wax4)-
-Polyethylene wax (Polywax 725 manufactured by Toyo Petrolite Co., Ltd.): 100 parts-Anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen RK): 2.5 parts-Ion-exchanged water: 250 parts The materials were mixed, heated to 100 ° C., dispersed using a homogenizer (Ultra Turrax T50, manufactured by IKA), then dispersed with a Menton Gorin high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by Gorin), and released from a mold having a volume average particle size of 370 nm. Release agent particle dispersion liquid (4) (wax4, solid content 29.3%) in which agent particles were dispersed was obtained.
−スチレンアクリル樹脂分散液の調製−
・スチレン：３０８部
・ｎ−ブチルアクリレート：１００部
・アクリル酸：２部
・β−カルボキシエチルアクリレート：２部
・ヘキサンチオール：３部
・プロパンジオールジアクリレート：１．５部
上記成分を混合し、溶解した混合物を、アニオン界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＳＣ）４部をイオン交換水５５０部に溶解した水溶液に投入して、フラスコ中で乳化した後、１０分間混合しながら、これに過硫酸アンモニウム６部をイオン交換水３５０部に溶解した水溶液を投入し、窒素置換を行った後、フラスコ内を撹拌しながら内容物が７５℃になるまでオイルバスで加熱し、５時間そのまま乳化重合を継続した。こうして、平均粒径が２２０ｎｍ、重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）が４０，５００である樹脂粒子を分散させてなるスチレンアクリル樹脂分散液（樹脂粒子濃度：４２％）を得た。なお、非晶性スチレンアクリル樹脂のガラス転移温度は５２℃であった。
-Preparation of styrene acrylic resin dispersion-
-Styrene: 308 parts-n-butyl acrylate: 100 parts-Acrylic acid: 2 parts-β-carboxyethyl acrylate: 2 parts-Hexanethiol: 3 parts-Propanediol diacrylate: 1.5 parts The dissolved mixture was poured into an aqueous solution in which 4 parts of an anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Neogen SC) was dissolved in 550 parts of ion-exchanged water, emulsified in a flask, and mixed for 10 minutes. Then, an aqueous solution in which 6 parts of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 350 parts of ion-exchanged water was added thereto, followed by nitrogen substitution, and then heated in an oil bath until the contents reached 75 ° C. while stirring in the flask. The emulsion polymerization was continued as it was. Thus, a styrene acrylic resin dispersion (resin particle concentration: 42%) in which resin particles having an average particle size of 220 nm and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 40,500 were dispersed was obtained. The glass transition temperature of the amorphous styrene acrylic resin was 52 ° C.
−シアントナー粒子の作製−
・イオン交換水：４００部
・スチレンアクリル樹脂粒子分散液：２００部
・シアン着色剤粒子分散液：４０部
・離型剤粒子分散液（２）：１２部
・離型剤粒子分散液（３）：２４部
以上の混合成分を撹拌槽中に投入し、ホモジナイザーで十分に混合及び分散した後、凝集剤（浅田化学工業（株）製、ポリ塩化アルミニウム）２．１部と、イオン交換水１００部との混合液を、撹拌槽を３００ｒｐｍ（回転／分）で撹拌しながら１０分間かけて添加し、添加終了後そのまま、１℃／ｍｉｎで４９℃まで加熱した。４９℃で４０分保持した後、コールター−マルチサイザーＩＩ（ベックマン−コールター社製）で粒径を測定すると体積平均粒径４．８μｍの凝集粒子が生成していることが確認された。
上記のように調製した凝集粒子を含む分散液に、前記樹脂粒子分散液１１５部を緩やかに添加し、更に加熱用ジャケットの温度を上げて５０℃で１時間保持した。得られた付着粒子について、体積平均粒径を測定すると５．７μｍであった。
次に、ｐＨが５．５になるように１ｍｏｌ／Ｌの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加した後、撹拌を継続しながら６５℃まで緩やかに加熱したところでアニオン性界面活性剤（第一工業製薬（株）製、ネオゲンＲＫ）を０．５部添加し６０分間保持した。その後９１℃まで加熱し、５時間保持して合一した。その後、得られたトナースラリーを８５℃まで冷却し、１時間保持した。その後２５℃まで冷却し、更にこのスラリーを目開き３０μｍ網で篩分してシアントナー粒子を得た。
-Preparation of cyan toner particles-
-Ion exchange water: 400 parts-Styrene acrylic resin particle dispersion: 200 parts-Cyan colorant particle dispersion: 40 parts-Release agent particle dispersion (2): 12 parts-Release agent particle dispersion (3) : 24 parts After the above mixed components were put into a stirring tank, and sufficiently mixed and dispersed with a homogenizer, 2.1 parts of a flocculant (manufactured by Asada Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., polyaluminum chloride) and ion-exchanged water 100 The mixture was added over 10 minutes while stirring the stirring tank at 300 rpm (rotation / minute), and heated to 49 ° C. at 1 ° C./min. After holding at 49 ° C. for 40 minutes, the particle size was measured with Coulter Multisizer II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter), and it was confirmed that aggregated particles having a volume average particle size of 4.8 μm were formed.
115 parts of the resin particle dispersion was gradually added to the dispersion containing aggregated particles prepared as described above, and the temperature of the heating jacket was further raised and maintained at 50 ° C. for 1 hour. With respect to the obtained adhered particles, the volume average particle diameter was measured to be 5.7 μm.
Next, a 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added so that the pH was 5.5, and then the anionic surfactant (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. ), 0.5 part of Neogen RK) was added and held for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 91 ° C. and held for 5 hours for coalescence. Thereafter, the obtained toner slurry was cooled to 85 ° C. and held for 1 hour. Thereafter, the slurry was cooled to 25 ° C., and the slurry was further sieved with a 30 μm mesh to obtain cyan toner particles.
−静電荷像現像用トナーの作製−
シアントナー粒子：１００部
シリカ粒子（日本アエロジル（株）製、商品名ＲＹ５０）：０．８部
上記組成をヘンシェルミキサーにより周速２０ｍ／ｓで１５分間の混合を行い、実施例１のトナー（静電荷像現像用トナー）を得た。
-Preparation of toner for developing electrostatic image-
Cyan toner particles: 100 parts Silica particles (manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., trade name RY50): 0.8 parts The above composition was mixed with a Henschel mixer at a peripheral speed of 20 m / s for 15 minutes. An electrostatic charge image developing toner) was obtained.
−キャリアの作製−
スチレンメチルメタクリレート共重合体：５部
（質量比（スチレン／メチルメタクリレート）：７０／３０）
トルエン：１５部
カーボンブラック（キャボット社製、Ｒｅｇａｌ３３０）：１部
上記成分を混合し、１０分間スターラーで撹拌させて被覆層形成用溶液を調製した。次に、この被覆液とフェライト粒子（体積平均粒径：４０μｍ）１００部とを真空脱気型ニーダーに入れて、６０℃において３０分撹拌した後、更に加温しながら減圧して脱気し、乾燥させることによりキャリアを作製した。
-Production of carrier-
Styrene methyl methacrylate copolymer: 5 parts (mass ratio (styrene / methyl methacrylate): 70/30)
Toluene: 15 parts Carbon black (manufactured by Cabot, Regal 330): 1 part The above components were mixed and stirred with a stirrer for 10 minutes to prepare a coating layer forming solution. Next, this coating solution and 100 parts of ferrite particles (volume average particle size: 40 μm) are put in a vacuum degassing kneader and stirred at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then degassed by further reducing pressure while heating. The carrier was prepared by drying.
−静電荷像現像剤の作製−
実施例１のトナー８部とキャリア９２部とをＶブレンダーにて混合し、実施例１の現像剤（静電荷像現像剤）を作製した。また、実施例１のトナーを、上記のトナーの作製で作製した各トナーに変更して、各現像剤を得た。
-Preparation of electrostatic image developer-
8 parts of the toner of Example 1 and 92 parts of the carrier were mixed in a V blender to prepare the developer (electrostatic image developer) of Example 1. Further, the toner of Example 1 was changed to each toner produced in the above toner production to obtain each developer.
（実施例２乃至２９、並びに、比較例１及び２）
下記表１に記載の、離型剤分散液の種類と添加量、ポリ塩化アルミニウムの添加量、調整ｐＨ、合一温度、合一後の冷却温度、保持時間を変えた以外は、実施例１と同様にして、実施例２乃至２９、並びに、比較例１及び２のトナー及び現像剤をそれぞれ作製した。
(Examples 2 to 29 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2)
Example 1 except that the type and addition amount of the release agent dispersion, the addition amount of polyaluminum chloride, the adjusted pH, the coalescence temperature, the cooling temperature after coalescence, and the holding time described in Table 1 were changed. In the same manner, toners and developers of Examples 2 to 29 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were produced.
＜評価＞
得られた静電荷像現像剤を市販の電子写真複写機（Ｄｏｃｕ Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ Ｃｏｌｏｒ４５０、富士ゼロックス（株）製）の現像器に充填し、ＰＲＥＭＩＥＲ ８０ Ａ４ ＷＨＩＴＥ ＰＡＰＥＥＲ（ゼロックス社製、坪量８０ｇ／ｍ２）にエリアカバレッジ５％の画像を１０，０００枚出力後、ロストンカラーホワイト（坪量２５６ｇｓｍ）を用いて日本画像学会テストチャートＮｏ．５−２を出力し、高ＴＭＡ部（３次色）の画像欠損評価（白抜け度合い評価）、及び、ロール部と非ロール部との光沢（Ｇｌｏｓｓ）差を評価した。Ｇｌｏｓｓは、Ｇｌｏｓｓ計（ｍｉｃｒｏ−ＴＲＩ−Ｇｌｏｓｓ：Ｇａｒｄｎｅｒ社）を用いて、６０°Ｇｌｏｓｓを３回測定し平均値を求めた。評価基準を以下に示す。
<Evaluation>
The obtained electrostatic charge image developer was filled in a developing device of a commercially available electrophotographic copying machine (Docu Center Color 450, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.), and PREMIER 80 A4 WHITE PAPEER (manufactured by Xerox Co., Ltd., basis weight 80 g / m 2). ) After outputting 10,000 images with an area coverage of 5%, Roston Color White (basis weight: 256 gsm) was used. 5-2 was output, and the image defect evaluation (whiteout degree evaluation) of the high TMA portion (tertiary color) and the gloss difference between the roll portion and the non-roll portion were evaluated. Gloss measured the average value by measuring 60 degrees Gloss 3 times using the Gloss meter (micro-TRI-Gloss: Gardner). The evaluation criteria are shown below.
−白抜け度合評価（高ＴＭＡ部（３次色）の画像欠損評価）−
Ａ：白抜けが目視でもルーペ観察でも確認されなかった。
Ｂ：白抜けが目視では確認できないが、ルーペ観察では軽微な抜けが確認された。
Ｃ：白抜けが目視でごく軽微に確認された。
Ｄ：白抜けが確認された。許容できないレベル。
-Degree evaluation of white spots (Evaluation of image defects in high TMA area (third color))-
A: No white spots were confirmed by visual observation or loupe observation.
B: Although white spots cannot be visually confirmed, slight missing was confirmed by magnifying glass observation.
C: White spots were very slightly confirmed visually.
D: White spots were confirmed. Unacceptable level.
−光沢ムラ評価（ロール部と非ロール部とのＧｌｏｓｓ差評価）−
Ａ：Ｇｌｏｓｓ差が５未満。
Ｂ：Ｇｌｏｓｓ差が５以上１０未満。
Ｃ：Ｇｌｏｓｓ差が１０以上１５未満。
Ｄ：Ｇｌｏｓｓ差が１５以上。
Ｇｌｏｓｓ差が小さいほど、光沢ムラが少ない。また、Ａ、Ｂ及びＣが実用上問題のないレベルである。
-Gloss unevenness evaluation (Gloss difference evaluation between roll and non-roll)-
A: Gloss difference is less than 5.
B: Gloss difference is 5 or more and less than 10.
C: Gloss difference is 10 or more and less than 15.
D: Gloss difference is 15 or more.
The smaller the Gloss difference, the less gloss unevenness. Moreover, A, B, and C are levels at which there is no practical problem.
表２における表面性指標は、トナーの前記式Ｓで表される表面性指標値であり、離型剤のアスペクト比個数比は、トナー中の離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の個数をａ、５より下の個数をｂとしたときのａ／ｂの値であり、離型剤のアスペクト比面積比は、トナー断面における離型剤のアスペクト比が５以上の面積をｃ、５より下の面積をｄとしたときのｃ／ｄの値であり、トナーの溶融粘度は、荷重１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２においてフローテスター法によって測定したトナーの溶融粘度である。なお、これらは前述した方法により測定した。
また、表２の評価結果における「−」は、付記されている評価基準よりもわずかに劣ることを示す。
The surface property index in Table 2 is the surface property index value represented by the formula S of the toner, and the aspect ratio number ratio of the release agent is the number of the aspect ratio of the release agent in the toner is 5 or more. The aspect ratio area ratio of the release agent is an area where the aspect ratio of the release agent is 5 or more in the cross section of the toner. And the toner melt viscosity is a toner melt viscosity measured by a flow tester method at a load of 10 kgf / cm 2 . In addition, these were measured by the method mentioned above.
Moreover, "-" in the evaluation result of Table 2 shows that it is slightly inferior to the attached evaluation criteria.
前記表２に示す結果から、本実施例の静電荷像現像用トナーは、比較例の静電荷像現像用トナーに比べ、得られる画像の白抜けの発生及び得られる画像の光沢ムラが抑制されることがわかる。 From the results shown in Table 2, the electrostatic charge image developing toner of this example is less likely to have white spots in the resulting image and uneven gloss of the resulting image compared to the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the comparative example. I understand that
１Ｙ、１Ｍ、１Ｃ、１Ｋ 感光体（像保持体の一例）
２Ｙ、２Ｍ、２Ｃ、２Ｋ 帯電ロール（帯電手段の一例）
３ 露光装置（静電荷像形成手段の一例）
３Ｙ、３Ｍ、３Ｃ、３Ｋ レーザ光線
４Ｙ、４Ｍ、４Ｃ、４Ｋ 現像装置（現像手段の一例）
５Ｙ、５Ｍ、５Ｃ、５Ｋ 一次転写ロール（一次転写手段の一例）
６Ｙ、６Ｍ、６Ｃ、６Ｋ 感光体クリーニング装置（像保持体クリーニング手段の一例）
８Ｙ、８Ｍ、８Ｃ、８Ｋ トナーカートリッジ
１０Ｙ、１０Ｍ、１０Ｃ、１０Ｋ 画像形成ユニット
２０ 中間転写ベルト（中間転写体の一例）
２２ 駆動ロール
２４ 支持ロール
２６ 二次転写ロール（二次転写手段の一例）
２８ 定着装置（定着手段の一例）
３０ 中間転写ベルトクリーニング装置（中間転写体クリーニング手段の一例）
Ｐ 記録紙（記録媒体の一例）
1Y, 1M, 1C, 1K photoconductor (an example of an image carrier)
2Y, 2M, 2C, 2K charging roll (an example of charging means)
3. Exposure device (an example of electrostatic charge image forming means)
3Y, 3M, 3C, 3K Laser beams 4Y, 4M, 4C, 4K Developing device (an example of developing means)
5Y, 5M, 5C, 5K primary transfer roll (an example of primary transfer means)
6Y, 6M, 6C, 6K Photoconductor cleaning device (an example of image carrier cleaning means)
8Y, 8M, 8C, 8K Toner cartridge 10Y, 10M, 10C, 10K Image forming unit 20 Intermediate transfer belt (an example of an intermediate transfer member)
22 Drive roll
24 support roll 26 secondary transfer roll (an example of secondary transfer means)
28 Fixing device (an example of fixing means)
30 Intermediate transfer belt cleaning device (an example of intermediate transfer member cleaning means)
P Recording paper (an example of a recording medium)
１０７ 感光体（像保持体の一例）
１０８ 帯電ロール（帯電手段の一例）
１０９ 露光装置（静電荷像形成手段の一例）
１１１ 現像装置（現像手段の一例）
１１２ 転写装置（転写手段の一例）
１１３ 感光体クリーニング装置（像保持体クリーニング手段の一例）
１１５ 定着装置（定着手段の一例）
１１６ 取り付けレール
１１７ 筐体
１１８ 露光のための開口部
２００ プロセスカートリッジ
３００ 記録紙（記録媒体の一例）
107 photoconductor (an example of an image carrier)
108 Charging roll (an example of charging means)
109 Exposure apparatus (an example of electrostatic charge image forming means)
111 Developing device (an example of developing means)
112 Transfer device (an example of transfer means)
113 photoconductor cleaning device (an example of image carrier cleaning means)
115 Fixing device (an example of fixing means)
116 Mounting rail 117 Housing 118 Opening 200 for exposure Process cartridge 300 Recording paper (an example of a recording medium)
Claims (13)
静電荷像現像用トナー。
（表面性指標値）＝（比表面積実測値）／（比表面積計算値） 式Ｓ
（比表面積計算値）＝（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される表面積の和）／｛（トナーの比重）×（フロー式粒子像分析における４５００個のトナーの円相当径から計算される体積の和）｝ An electrostatic charge image developing toner having a surface property index value represented by the following formula S of 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less.
(Surface property index value) = (actual value of specific surface area) / (calculated value of specific surface area) Formula S
(Calculated value of specific surface area) = (Sum of surface areas calculated from equivalent circle diameters of 4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) / {(specific gravity of toner) × (4500 toners in flow type particle image analysis) Sum of volumes calculated from equivalent circle diameter)}
前記像保持体の表面を帯電する帯電手段と、
帯電した前記像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成手段と、
請求項９に記載の静電荷像現像剤を収容し、前記静電荷像現像剤により、前記像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像手段と、
前記像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写手段と、
前記記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着手段と、
を備える画像形成装置。 An image carrier,
Charging means for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming means for forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
Development means for containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 9 and developing the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image by the electrostatic charge image developer;
Transfer means for transferring a toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to the surface of a recording medium;
Fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium;
An image forming apparatus comprising:
帯電した前記像保持体の表面に静電荷像を形成する静電荷像形成工程と、
請求項９に記載の静電荷像現像剤により、前記像保持体の表面に形成された静電荷像をトナー画像として現像する現像工程と、
前記像保持体の表面に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体の表面に転写する転写工程と、
前記記録媒体の表面に転写されたトナー画像を定着する定着工程と、
を有する画像形成方法。 A charging step for charging the surface of the image carrier;
An electrostatic charge image forming step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the surface of the charged image carrier;
A developing step of developing an electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the image carrier as a toner image with the electrostatic charge image developer according to claim 9;
A transfer step of transferring a toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier to the surface of a recording medium;
A fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred to the surface of the recording medium;
An image forming method comprising:
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018054919A JP7180090B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| US16/103,330 US10719022B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-08-14 | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, and toner cartridge |
| CN201811018027.8A CN110297404A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-03 | Toner, developer, toner cartridge, handle box, image forming apparatus and method |
| CN202410312942.7A CN118011745A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-03 | Toner, developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| CN202410312943.1A CN118011746A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-03 | Toner, developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2022184363A JP7435705B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-11-17 | Toner for electrostatic image development, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018054919A JP7180090B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022184363A Division JP7435705B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-11-17 | Toner for electrostatic image development, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2019168533A true JP2019168533A (en) | 2019-10-03 |
| JP7180090B2 JP7180090B2 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
Family
ID=68107266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018054919A Active JP7180090B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7180090B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4092487A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. | Electrostatic charge image developer, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| EP4092483A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. | Electrostatic charge image developer, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03248162A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-11-06 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Toner for dry processing for electrophotography and production thereof |
| JP2006330408A (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-12-07 | Canon Inc | Toner, image forming method, process cartridge, and developing unit |
| JP2010066322A (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-25 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner for color image formation, toner kit using the same, full-color toner image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and full-color image forming method |
| JP2012168284A (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-06 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Carrier for electrostatic charge development, developer for developing electrostatic charge image, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2013015771A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-24 | Kao Corp | Toner for electrophotography |
| JP2013134488A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Kao Corp | Method for manufacturing toner for electrostatic charge image development |
| JP2015084050A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic charge image developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2015184574A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-22 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic charge image development toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2016206387A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-12-08 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Toner for electrostatic charge image development |
| JP2017215462A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | toner |
-
2018
- 2018-03-22 JP JP2018054919A patent/JP7180090B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03248162A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-11-06 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Toner for dry processing for electrophotography and production thereof |
| JP2006330408A (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-12-07 | Canon Inc | Toner, image forming method, process cartridge, and developing unit |
| JP2010066322A (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-25 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner for color image formation, toner kit using the same, full-color toner image forming apparatus, process cartridge, and full-color image forming method |
| JP2012168284A (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-06 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Carrier for electrostatic charge development, developer for developing electrostatic charge image, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2013015771A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2013-01-24 | Kao Corp | Toner for electrophotography |
| JP2013134488A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Kao Corp | Method for manufacturing toner for electrostatic charge image development |
| JP2015084050A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic charge image developer, developer cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2015184574A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-22 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic charge image development toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| JP2016206387A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-12-08 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | Toner for electrostatic charge image development |
| JP2017215462A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | toner |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4092487A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. | Electrostatic charge image developer, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| EP4092483A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-23 | FUJIFILM Business Innovation Corp. | Electrostatic charge image developer, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7180090B2 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6384231B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2015179108A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016070984A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6455041B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6123685B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016128876A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6539970B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP7180090B2 (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016070983A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016053682A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6142856B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6222133B2 (en) | Toner set for developing electrostatic image, developer set for electrostatic image, toner cartridge set, process cartridge set, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2017003652A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016070987A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6413638B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6229560B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and image forming method | |
| JP2018049150A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2017044790A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2016070990A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP7435705B2 (en) | Toner for electrostatic image development, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP2021085929A (en) | Toner for electrostatic charge image development, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP7459991B2 (en) | Toner for developing electrostatic image, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6439584B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP6217481B2 (en) | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method | |
| JP7180091B2 (en) | Electrostatic charge image developing toner, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20210226 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20211112 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20211214 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220214 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20220628 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220829 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20221018 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20221031 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7180090 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |