JP2019120640A - Coaxial degree measurement method - Google Patents

Coaxial degree measurement method Download PDF

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JP2019120640A
JP2019120640A JP2018002012A JP2018002012A JP2019120640A JP 2019120640 A JP2019120640 A JP 2019120640A JP 2018002012 A JP2018002012 A JP 2018002012A JP 2018002012 A JP2018002012 A JP 2018002012A JP 2019120640 A JP2019120640 A JP 2019120640A
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valve seat
coaxiality
central axis
seat surface
guide hole
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龍馬 高瀬
Tatsuma Takase
龍馬 高瀬
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

To improve a determination accuracy of a coaxial degree.SOLUTION: A coaxial degree measurement method is a method for measuring the coaxial degree between a valve seat surface and a stem guide hole formed on a cylinder head, and includes steps for obtaining a line segment connecting two points on the valve seat surface sandwiching a plane perpendicular to a central axis including a position of the central axis of the stem guide hole, in which an inner diameter of the value seat surface is a prescribed diameter, in at least three places of the valve seat surface, obtaining the center coordinates of the circle created based on the intersection of the plane and the plurality of the lines, and measuring the coaxial degree based on the intersection of the plane and the central axis and the center coordinates of the circle.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、同軸度測定方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method of measuring coaxiality.

シリンダヘッドに形成されたバルブシート面とステムガイド穴との同軸度を測定するための様々な測定方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１）。   Various measurement methods have been proposed for measuring the degree of coaxiality between a valve seat surface formed in a cylinder head and a stem guide hole (e.g., Patent Document 1).

特開２００６−３１７３９５号公報Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2006-317395

特許文献１では、ステムガイド穴と同軸に設けられたダイヤルゲージをバルブシート面に接触させ一回転させて得た測定結果から、バルブシート面の内面形状（円）を推定し、同軸度を測定する。   In Patent Document 1, the internal shape (circle) of the valve seat surface is estimated from the measurement results obtained by bringing a dial gauge provided coaxially with the stem guide hole into contact with the valve seat surface and making one rotation, and measuring the coaxiality. Do.

しかしながら、特許文献１の方法では、ダイヤルゲージをバルブシート面に接触させ一回転させる際に、ステムガイド穴の中心軸方向における測定位置がばらつくと、同軸度の測定精度が低下してしまう。   However, in the method of Patent Document 1, when the dial gauge is brought into contact with the valve seat surface and made one rotation, if the measurement position in the central axis direction of the stem guide hole varies, the measurement accuracy of the coaxiality is lowered.

そこで、本明細書開示の同軸度測定方法は、同軸度の測定精度を向上することを課題とする。   Therefore, the coaxiality measurement method disclosed in the present specification has an object to improve the measurement accuracy of coaxiality.

かかる課題を解決するために、本明細書に開示された同軸度測定方法は、シリンダヘッドに形成されたバルブシート面とステムガイド穴との同軸度を測定する方法であって、前記バルブシート面の内径が所定の径となる前記ステムガイド穴の中心軸方向の位置を含み前記中心軸と直交する平面を挟む前記バルブシート面上の２点を結ぶ線分を前記バルブシート面の少なくとも３個所で取得し、前記平面と複数の前記線分との交点に基づいて作成した円の中心座標を取得し、前記平面と前記中心軸との交点と、前記円の中心座標とに基づいて、同軸度を測定する、ステップを含む。   In order to solve such problems, the coaxiality measurement method disclosed herein is a method of measuring the coaxiality between a valve seat surface formed in a cylinder head and a stem guide hole, and the valve seat surface And a line segment connecting two points on the valve seat surface sandwiching a plane orthogonal to the central axis including a position in the central axis direction of the stem guide hole whose inner diameter becomes a predetermined diameter at least three of the valve seat surface And the center coordinates of a circle created based on the intersections of the plane and the plurality of line segments, and coaxial based on the intersection of the plane and the center axis and the center coordinates of the circle Measure the degree, including the step.

本明細書開示の同軸度測定方法によれば、同軸度の測定精度を向上することができる。   According to the coaxiality measurement method disclosed herein, the measurement accuracy of coaxiality can be improved.

図１は、測定対象であるバルブシートが形成されたシリンダヘッドの断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder head on which a valve seat to be measured is formed. 図２は、本実施形態に係る同軸度測定方法を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the coaxiality measurement method according to the present embodiment. 図３（Ａ）及び図３（Ｂ）は、本実施形態に係る同軸度測定方法を説明するための図（その１）である。FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are diagrams (part 1) for explaining the coaxiality measurement method according to the present embodiment. 図４（Ａ）及び図４（Ｂ）は、本実施形態に係る同軸度測定方法を説明するための図（その２）である。FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are diagrams (part 2) for explaining the coaxiality measurement method according to the present embodiment. 図５（Ａ）及び図５（Ｂ）は、１断面での同軸度測定方法について説明するための図である。FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams for explaining a method of measuring coaxiality in one cross section.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、添付図面を参照しつつ説明する。ただし、図面中、各部の寸法、比率等は、実際のものと完全に一致するようには図示されていない場合がある。また、図面によっては細部が省略されて描かれている場合もある。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. However, in the drawings, the dimensions, proportions, etc. of each part may not be illustrated so as to completely correspond to the actual ones. Also, some drawings may be drawn with details omitted.

図１には、測定対象であるバルブシート１２が形成されたシリンダヘッド１４の概略構成が示されている。シリンダヘッド１４には、気筒ごとに吸気ポート、排気ポートが設けられている。図１においては、吸気、排気の一方のみが示されており、以降の説明において特に区別する必要がない場合、単にポート１６と記す。   FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a cylinder head 14 in which a valve seat 12 to be measured is formed. The cylinder head 14 is provided with an intake port and an exhaust port for each cylinder. In FIG. 1, only one of intake and exhaust is shown, and in the following description, it is simply referred to as port 16 when it is not necessary to distinguish them.

ポート１６の出口、すなわち燃焼室に面している部分の縁にはバルブシート１２が形成されている。このバルブシート１２は、アルミニウム合金のシリンダヘッド１４に耐熱合金の粉末を盛り、レーザ光線を照射することにより溶着形成され、さらに機械加工によって所定の形状に成形されている。   A valve seat 12 is formed at the outlet of the port 16, that is, at the edge of the portion facing the combustion chamber. The valve seat 12 is formed by depositing a powder of a heat-resistant alloy on a cylinder head 14 of aluminum alloy, irradiating it with a laser beam, and forming it into a predetermined shape by machining.

シリンダヘッド１４のポート部分にはバルブステムガイド１８が圧入されている。バルブステムガイド１８は円管形状であって、ステムガイド穴１９にバルブステムが挿入され、バルブの往復動作の案内を行うものである。バルブの傘部は、バルブ閉じ時においてバルブシート１２に密着する。この密着性を確保するために、ステムガイド穴１９の中心軸と、バルブシート１２の中心軸とは所定の寸法精度内で一致するように、すなわち所定の同軸度で形成されている。   A valve stem guide 18 is pressed into the port portion of the cylinder head 14. The valve stem guide 18 has a circular tube shape, and the valve stem is inserted into the stem guide hole 19 to guide reciprocation of the valve. The valve head of the valve is in close contact with the valve seat 12 when the valve is closed. In order to ensure the adhesion, the central axis of the stem guide hole 19 and the central axis of the valve seat 12 are formed to coincide with each other within a predetermined dimensional accuracy, that is, with a predetermined coaxiality.

図２は、本実施形態に係る同軸度測定方法を示すフローチャートである。当該同軸度測定方法は、３次元測定装置が備える演算処理装置、又は、３次元測定装置と接続された情報処理装置（例えば、パーソナルコンピュータ等）が備えるプロセッサ等により実行される。   FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the coaxiality measurement method according to the present embodiment. The said coaxiality measurement method is performed by the processor etc. which an information processing apparatus (for example, a personal computer etc.) connected with the arithmetic processing unit with which a three-dimensional measurement apparatus was equipped, or a three-dimensional measurement apparatus.

図２に示す方法では、まず、バルブシート１２の内径が指定ゲージ径となるステムガイド穴１９の中心軸３０方向の位置を求める（ステップＳ１０）。ここで、指定ゲージ径とは、同軸度を測定するバルブシート１２の水平方向断面の内径である。例えば、図３（Ａ）に示すように、ステムガイド穴１９の中心軸３０方向をＺ軸方向とするＸＹＺ直交座標系において、バルブシート１２の水平方向断面の内径が指定ゲージ径となるＺ軸方向の位置（Ｚｇ）を求める。   In the method shown in FIG. 2, first, the position of the stem guide hole 19 in the direction of the central axis 30 in which the inner diameter of the valve seat 12 is the designated gauge diameter is determined (step S10). Here, the designated gauge diameter is the inner diameter of the horizontal cross section of the valve seat 12 for measuring the coaxiality. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, in the XYZ orthogonal coordinate system in which the central axis 30 direction of the stem guide hole 19 is the Z axis direction, the Z axis in which the inner diameter of the cross section in the horizontal direction of the valve seat 12 is the designated gauge diameter. Find the position (Zg) of the direction.

次に、３次元測定装置により、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇを挟むバルブシート１２面上の２点を計測する（ステップＳ１１）。ここで、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとは、バルブシート１２の内径が指定ゲージ径となる中心軸３０方向における位置を含み、中心軸３０と直交する平面である。例えば、図３（Ａ）に示すように、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇを挟むバルブシート１２面上の２点Ｐ１１，Ｐ１２の座標を取得する。ここで、図３（Ａ）に示すように、バルブシート１２の内径が小さい方から大きい方に向かう方向を＋Ｚ方向とすると、Ｐ１１の座標が（Ｘ１１，Ｙ１１，Ｚ１１）、Ｐ１２の座標が（Ｘ１２，Ｙ１２，Ｚ１２）の場合、Ｚ１２＜Ｚｇ＜Ｚ１１である。   Next, two points on the surface of the valve seat 12 sandwiching the designated gauge surface Pg are measured by the three-dimensional measurement device (step S11). Here, the designated gauge surface Pg is a plane including the position in the direction of the central axis 30 where the inner diameter of the valve seat 12 is the designated gauge diameter, and orthogonal to the central axis 30. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the coordinates of two points P11 and P12 on the surface of the valve seat 12 sandwiching the designated gauge surface Pg are acquired. Here, as shown in FIG. 3A, assuming that the direction from the smaller to the larger of the inner diameter of the valve seat 12 is the + Z direction, the coordinates of P11 are (X11, Y11, Z11) and the coordinates of P12 are ( In the case of X12, Y12, Z12), Z12 <Zg <Z11.

次に、測定した２点を結ぶ線分を作成する（ステップＳ１３）。具体的には、図３（Ａ）に示すように、２点Ｐ１１，Ｐ１２を結ぶ線分Ｌ１を作成する。   Next, a line connecting the two measured points is created (step S13). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3A, a line segment L1 connecting two points P11 and P12 is created.

次に、所定数の線分を作成したか否かを判定する（ステップＳ１５）。例えば、４つの線分を作成したか否かを判定する。なお、所定数は、作成した線分と指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとの交点に基づいて、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇにおけるバルブシート１２の断面形状に対応する近似円を算出するのに十分な数（３以上）であればよい。   Next, it is determined whether a predetermined number of line segments have been created (step S15). For example, it is determined whether four line segments have been created. The predetermined number is a number (3 or more) sufficient to calculate an approximate circle corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the valve seat 12 in the designated gauge surface Pg based on the intersection of the created line segment and the designated gauge surface Pg. If it is

所定数の線分を作成していない場合（ステップＳ１５／ＮＯ）、ステップＳ１１に戻り、ステップＳ１１及びＳ１３の処理を実行する。所定数の線分を作成した場合（ステップＳ１５／ＹＥＳ）、ステップＳ１７に移行する。例えば、所定数が４の場合、図３（Ｂ）に示すように、２点Ｐ２１，Ｐ２２から線分Ｌ２、２点Ｐ３１，Ｐ３２から線分Ｌ３、２点Ｐ４１，Ｐ４２から線分Ｌ４を作成した場合に、ステップＳ１５の判断が肯定され、ステップＳ１７に移行する。なお、図３（Ｂ）において、Ｚ２２＜Ｚｇ＜Ｚ２１、Ｚ３２＜Ｚｇ＜Ｚ３１、Ｚ４２＜Ｚｇ＜Ｚ４１である。   If a predetermined number of line segments have not been created (NO in step S15), the process returns to step S11, and the processes in steps S11 and S13 are performed. When a predetermined number of line segments are created (step S15 / YES), the process proceeds to step S17. For example, when the predetermined number is 4, as shown in FIG. 3B, a line segment L2 from two points P21 and P22, a line segment L3 from two points P31 and P32, and a line segment L4 from two points P41 and P42 are created. If yes, the determination in step S15 is affirmed, and the process proceeds to step S17. In FIG. 3B, Z22 <Zg <Z21, Z32 <Zg <Z31, and Z42 <Zg <Z41.

ステップＳ１７に移行すると、作成した線分（Ｌ１〜Ｌ４）と指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとの交点を算出する。例えば、図４（Ａ）に示すように、線分Ｌ１〜Ｌ４と指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとの交点ＰＩ１〜ＰＩ４を算出する。   At step S17, the intersection of the created line segment (L1 to L4) and the designated gauge surface Pg is calculated. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, intersection points PI1 to PI4 of the line segments L1 to L4 and the designated gauge surface Pg are calculated.

次に、ステップＳ１７で算出した交点に基づいて、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇにおけるバルブシート１２の内面形状（円）に対応する近似円を求め、その中心座標を算出する（ステップＳ１９）。例えば、図４（Ａ）に示すように、交点ＰＩ１〜ＰＩ４に基づいて、Ｚ軸方向の位置Ｚｇにおけるバルブシート１２の水平断面形状に対応する近似円Ｃ１を求め、その中心座標Ｂを算出する。   Next, based on the intersection point calculated in step S17, an approximate circle corresponding to the inner surface shape (circle) of the valve seat 12 on the designated gauge surface Pg is determined, and the center coordinates thereof are calculated (step S19). For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, based on the intersection points PI1 to PI4, an approximate circle C1 corresponding to the horizontal cross sectional shape of the valve seat 12 at the position Zg in the Z axis direction is determined, and its center coordinates B are calculated. .

次に、ステムガイド穴１９の中心軸３０と指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとの交点を算出する（ステップＳ２１）。   Next, the intersection of the central axis 30 of the stem guide hole 19 and the designated gauge surface Pg is calculated (step S21).

次に、ステップＳ１９で求めた近似円の中心座標とステップＳ２１で求めた交点とに基づいて、同軸度を測定し（ステップＳ２３）、図２の処理を終了する。例えば、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、ステップＳ１９で求めた中心座標ＢとステップＳ２１で求めた交点Ａとの距離Ｄ１の２倍（Ｄ１×２）を算出し、同軸度を測定する。   Next, the coaxiality is measured based on the center coordinates of the approximate circle obtained in step S19 and the intersection point obtained in step S21 (step S23), and the process of FIG. 2 is ended. For example, as shown in FIG. 4B, twice (D1 × 2) the distance D1 between the central coordinates B determined in step S19 and the intersection point A determined in step S21 is calculated, and the coaxiality is measured.

例えば、指定された１断面（例えば、Ｚ座標：Ｚ１）でバルブシート１２面上をスタイラスＳによって測定し円補間する場合、図５（Ａ）に示すように、Ｚ軸方向における測定位置がばらつく。バルブシート１２面は斜面のため、Ｚ軸方向における測定位置がばらつくと、測定径がばらつく。これにより、図５（Ｂ）に示すように、上面視において、測定点Ｐ１〜Ｐ８の近似円の中心座標Ｂ´を求めると、Ｚ座標：Ｚ１での円Ｃ２の中心からずれる。このため、中心座標Ｂ´を用いてステムガイド穴１９との同軸度を測定すると、同軸度が悪化する。   For example, when the surface of the valve seat 12 is measured by the stylus S and circularly interpolated on one designated cross section (for example, Z coordinate: Z1), as shown in FIG. 5A, the measurement position in the Z axis direction varies . Because the surface of the valve seat 12 is a slope, the measurement diameter will vary if the measurement position in the Z-axis direction varies. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the center coordinates B 'of the approximate circle of the measurement points P1 to P8 are determined in top view, the center C deviates from the center of the circle C2 at the Z coordinate Z1. For this reason, when the degree of coaxiality with the stem guide hole 19 is measured using the central coordinate B ', the degree of coaxiality deteriorates.

一方、詳細に説明したように、本実施形態に係るバルブシート１２面とステムガイド穴１９との同軸度を測定する方法は、バルブシート１２面の内径が所定の径となるステムガイド穴１９の中心軸３０方向の位置を含み中心軸３０と直交する平面（指定ゲージ面Ｐｇ）を挟むバルブシート１２面上の２点を結ぶ線分をバルブシート１２面の少なくとも３個所で取得し、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇと複数の線分との交点に基づいて作成した円の中心座標を取得し、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇと中心軸３０との交点と、取得した円の中心座標とに基づいて、同軸度を測定する。交点ＰＩ１〜ＰＩ４は、各線分Ｌ１〜Ｌ４と指定ゲージ面Ｐｇとの交点であるため、交点ＰＩ１〜ＰＩ４のＺ座標は全てＺｇで同一となる。したがって、バルブシート１２面上においてＺ軸方向の測定位置がばらついても、Ｚ軸方向における位置を同一にして近似円を作成でき、指定ゲージ面Ｐｇにおけるバルブシート１２の中心座標を精度よく算出することができる。これにより、ステムガイド穴１９との同軸度をより正確に測定できる。また、本実施形態に係る同軸度測定方法によれば、特許文献１のように専用の測定装置を必要とせず、一般的な３次元測定装置を用いるため同軸度測定を汎用化できる。   On the other hand, as described in detail, in the method of measuring the coaxiality between the valve seat 12 surface and the stem guide hole 19 according to the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the valve seat 12 surface is a predetermined diameter. A line segment connecting two points on the valve seat 12 face sandwiching a plane (designated gauge face Pg) including a position in the direction of the center axis 30 and orthogonal to the center axis 30 is acquired at at least three locations on the valve seat 12 face. The center coordinates of a circle created based on the intersection of the plane Pg and a plurality of line segments are acquired, and the coaxiality is calculated based on the intersection of the designated gauge plane Pg and the central axis 30 and the acquired center coordinates of the circle. taking measurement. Since the intersection points PI1 to PI4 are intersections of the line segments L1 to L4 and the designated gauge surface Pg, all Z coordinates of the intersection points PI1 to PI4 are the same at Zg. Therefore, even if the measurement position in the Z-axis direction varies on the valve seat 12, the approximate circle can be created with the same position in the Z-axis direction, and the center coordinates of the valve seat 12 on the designated gauge surface Pg are accurately calculated. be able to. Thereby, the coaxiality with the stem guide hole 19 can be measured more accurately. Moreover, according to the coaxiality measurement method according to the present embodiment, it is possible to generalize coaxiality measurement because it uses a general three-dimensional measurement device without requiring a dedicated measurement device as in Patent Document 1.

上記実施形態は本発明を実施するための例にすぎず、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、これらの実施例を種々変形することは本発明の範囲内であり、更に本発明の範囲内において、他の様々な実施例が可能であることは上記記載から自明である。   The above embodiments are merely examples for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these, and various modifications of these examples are within the scope of the present invention, and further, the present invention. It is obvious from the above description that within the scope various other embodiments are possible.

１２ バルブシート
１９ ステムガイド穴
３０ 中心軸
Ｌ１〜Ｌ４ 線分
ＰＩ１〜ＰＩ４ 交点
Ｐｇ 指定ゲージ面 12 valve seat 19 stem guide hole 30 central axis L1 to L4 line segment PI1 to PI4 intersection point Pg designated gauge surface

Claims (1)

シリンダヘッドに形成されたバルブシート面とステムガイド穴との同軸度を測定する方法であって、
前記バルブシート面の内径が所定の径となる前記ステムガイド穴の中心軸方向の位置を含み前記中心軸と直交する平面を挟む前記バルブシート面上の２点を結ぶ線分を前記バルブシート面の少なくとも３個所で取得し、
前記平面と複数の前記線分との交点に基づいて作成した円の中心座標を取得し、
前記平面と前記中心軸との交点と、前記円の中心座標とに基づいて、同軸度を測定する、
ステップを含む同軸度測定方法。 A method of measuring the coaxiality between a valve seat surface formed in a cylinder head and a stem guide hole,
A line segment connecting two points on the valve seat surface sandwiching a plane orthogonal to the central axis including a position in the central axis direction of the stem guide hole where the inner diameter of the valve seat surface has a predetermined diameter is the valve seat surface Get in at least three places of
Acquiring center coordinates of a circle created based on the intersection of the plane and the plurality of line segments;
Coaxiality is measured based on the intersection point of the plane and the central axis and the central coordinates of the circle,
A coaxiality measurement method including steps.
JP2018002012A 2018-01-10 2018-01-10 Coaxial degree measurement method Pending JP2019120640A (en)

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CN111895893A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 华志微创医疗科技（北京）有限公司 Visual detection system, method and device capable of rapidly judging coaxiality

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111895893A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 华志微创医疗科技（北京）有限公司 Visual detection system, method and device capable of rapidly judging coaxiality

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