JP2019073436A - Method for producing nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and method for producing cathode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents
Method for producing nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and method for producing cathode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- -1 tungsten ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017698 Ni 1-x-y Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 109
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910011227 Li1.15Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33W0.01O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016365 Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000779 annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法及び非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and a method of producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
近年、携帯電話やＶＴＲなどの電子機器の小型化と需要の増大に伴い、これら電子機器の電源である二次電池に対する高エネルギー化が要求されている。このような二次電池として、リチウムイオン二次電池のような非水系電解質二次電池が期待されている。リチウムイオン二次電池の正極活物質には、コバルト酸リチウム、ニッケル酸リチウム、ニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム等の層状構造のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物が用いられている。 2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the downsizing and demand of electronic devices such as mobile phones and VTRs, high energy is required for secondary batteries that are power sources of these electronic devices. As such secondary batteries, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries are expected. As a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium transition metal complex oxide having a layered structure such as lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickelcobalt manganate, etc. is used.
上記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の原料であるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法として共沈法がある。
特許文献１においては、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガン及び添加元素を含む溶液を用いて、添加元素をニッケル、コバルト、マンガンと共沈させ、ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の二次粒子内部において添加元素を均一に存在させる製造方法が記載されている。
There is coprecipitation method as a manufacturing method of the nickel cobalt compound hydroxide which is a raw material of the above-mentioned lithium transition metal compound oxide.
In Patent Document 1, an additive element is coprecipitated with nickel, cobalt and manganese using a solution containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and an additive element, and the additive element is made uniform within the secondary particle of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide. The manufacturing method to be present is described.
本発明の一実施形態は、一次粒子内部及び表面においてタングステンを均質に含むニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法及びその方法により得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を用いた非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 One embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide homogeneously containing tungsten in the primary particles and on the surface, and for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide obtained by the method It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a positive electrode active material.
第一態様のニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法は、ニッケルイオン及びコバルトイオンを含む第一溶液を準備することと、タングステンイオンを含み、ｐＨが１０以上の第二溶液を準備することと、錯イオン形成因子を含む第三溶液を準備することと、ｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲にある液媒体を準備することと、前記液媒体に、前記第一溶液、第二溶液及び第三溶液を別々に且つ同時に供給して、ｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持される反応溶液を得ることと、前記反応溶液からニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物を得ることと、を含む。 The method for producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide according to the first aspect comprises: preparing a first solution containing nickel ions and cobalt ions; preparing a second solution containing tungsten ions and having a pH of 10 or more; Providing a third solution containing a complexing agent, preparing a liquid medium having a pH of 10 or more and 13.5 or less, and using the liquid medium with the first solution, the second solution and the second Three solutions are separately and simultaneously supplied to obtain a reaction solution in which the pH is maintained in the range of 10 to 13.5, and to obtain a composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten from the reaction solution. And.
第二態様の非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法は、前記ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法により得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を酸素存在下で熱処理して熱処理物を得ることと、前記熱処理物とリチウム化合物とを混合して、リチウム混合物を得ることと、前記リチウム混合物を熱処理して、ニッケル及びコバルトを含み層状構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得ることと、を含む。 In the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the second aspect, the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide obtained by the method for producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide is heat-treated in the presence of oxygen to obtain a heat-treated product And mixing the heat-treated product with a lithium compound to obtain a lithium mixture, and heat-treating the lithium mixture to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing nickel and cobalt and having a layered structure. including.
本発明の一実施形態によれば、一次粒子内部及び表面においてタングステンを均質に含むニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法及びその方法により得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を用いた非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供することができる。 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method of producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide homogeneously containing tungsten on the inside and on the surface of primary particles and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary using the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide obtained by the method The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for batteries can be provided.
以下、本発明の実施形態について詳述する。ただし、以下に示す実施形態は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための一例であり、本発明を以下の実施形態に限定するものではない。なお、本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の目的が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。また組成物中の各成分の含有量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, the embodiment described below is an example for embodying the technical concept of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In the present specification, the term "process" is not limited to an independent process, but may be used in this term if the intended purpose of the process is achieved even if it can not be clearly distinguished from other processes. included. The content of each component in the composition means the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition.
＜非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法＞
図１は、本実施形態に係る正極活物質の製造方法を説明するためのものである。図１を参照してニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法及び非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法について説明する。
まず、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む第一溶液（以下「混合溶液」ともいう）と、２５℃におけるｐＨ（以下、ｐＨについては液温２５℃にて測定した場合の値とする。）が１０以上のタングステンを含む第二溶液（以下「Ｗ溶液」ともいう）と、錯イオン形成因子を含む第三溶液（以下、「錯イオン形成溶液」ともいう）と、ｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下である液媒体（以下「反応前溶液」ともいう）と、を準備する。次に、晶析工程として、反応前溶液に対して、混合溶液と、Ｗ溶液と、錯イオン形成溶液と、を別々に且つ同時に供給して反応溶液を形成する。このとき反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持する。反応溶液からニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物を得る。以上により一次粒子が凝集してなる二次粒子からなるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物が製造される。次に、熱処理工程において、このようにして得られるニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物を熱処理して熱処理物を得る。次に、混合工程として、熱処理物とリチウム化合物とを混合してリチウム混合物を得る。次に、焼成工程として、リチウム混合物を焼成することにより、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む層状構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得る。以上により非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質が製造される。
<Method of manufacturing positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery>
FIG. 1 is for explaining a method of manufacturing a positive electrode active material according to the present embodiment. A method of producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and a method of producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery will be described with reference to FIG.
First, a first solution containing nickel and cobalt (hereinafter also referred to as “mixed solution”) and a pH at 25 ° C. (hereinafter, the pH is a value when measured at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C.) is 10 or more. A second solution containing tungsten (hereinafter also referred to as “W solution”), a third solution containing a complex ion forming factor (hereinafter also referred to as “complex ion forming solution”), and a pH of 10 or more and 13.5 or less A liquid medium (hereinafter also referred to as "pre-reaction solution") is prepared. Next, as a crystallization step, a mixed solution, a W solution and a complex ion forming solution are separately and simultaneously supplied to the pre-reaction solution to form a reaction solution. At this time, the pH of the reaction solution is maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less. A composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten is obtained from the reaction solution. Thus, a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide comprising secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated is produced. Next, in the heat treatment step, the composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten thus obtained is heat-treated to obtain a heat-treated product. Next, as a mixing step, the heat-treated product and the lithium compound are mixed to obtain a lithium mixture. Next, as a firing step, the lithium mixture is fired to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a layered structure containing nickel and cobalt. Thus, a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is produced.
本実施形態では、晶析工程において、反応前溶液に対して、形成される反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持しつつ、混合溶液と、Ｗ溶液と、錯イオン形成溶液と、を別々に且つ同時に供給することにより、タングステンがより均一に存在するニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物を生成することができる。係る複合水酸化物ではタングステンが均一に分布し正極活物質の製造に好適に用いられる。以下、この点について説明する。 In this embodiment, in the crystallization step, while maintaining the pH of the reaction solution to be formed in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less with respect to the solution before reaction, the mixed solution, the W solution, and the complex ion forming solution Can be separately and simultaneously supplied to form a composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten in which tungsten is more uniformly present. In such a composite hydroxide, tungsten is uniformly distributed and is suitably used for the production of a positive electrode active material. Hereinafter, this point will be described.
タングステンは、塩基性条件下においてタングステンの水酸化物として析出せず、混合溶液に含まれる金属元素（以下では、この金属元素がニッケルである場合を一例として説明する）と一緒にタングステンの化合物（例えばＮｉＷＯ４）として析出し、複合水酸化物からなる一次粒子の内部及び表面に取り込まれる。したがって、仮に、混合溶液とＷ溶液とをあらかじめ混合したものを反応前溶液に対して供給する場合は、タングステンイオン周辺のニッケルイオンの濃度が高いことから、タングステンの化合物の析出速度が速くなり、一次粒子の内部及び表面においてタングステンの偏析が起こりやすい。しかし、本実施形態のように、反応前溶液に対して混合溶液とＷ溶液を別々に供給した場合は、混合溶液が供給された領域においてはタングステンイオンの存在とは関係なくニッケル水酸化物が析出する。これにより、反応溶液中においてニッケルイオンが高濃度には存在せず、ニッケルを含むタングステン化合物の析出はほとんど起こらない。一方、析出したニッケル水酸化物は錯イオン形成溶液に含まれる錯イオン形成因子と反応することにより、ニッケル錯イオンとして徐々に再溶出する。そして、再溶出したニッケル錯イオンとタングステンが反応することにより、タングステン化合物が析出する。再溶出したニッケル錯イオンの濃度は比較的低いため、タングステン化合物の析出速度を遅くすることができる。以上の理由により、混合溶液とＷ溶液を別々に反応前溶液に供給して反応液を形成することで、複合水酸化物の一次粒子の内部及び表面に、より均質にタングステンを存在させることができると考えられる。 Tungsten does not precipitate as a hydroxide of tungsten under basic conditions, and a compound of tungsten (which will be described below as an example when the metal element is nickel) contained in the mixed solution for example precipitate as NiWO 4), it is incorporated in and surfaces of the primary particles composed of a composite hydroxide. Therefore, if a mixture of the mixed solution and the W solution in advance is supplied to the pre-reaction solution, since the concentration of nickel ions around the tungsten ions is high, the deposition rate of the tungsten compound is increased, Segregation of tungsten is likely to occur inside and on the surface of the primary particles. However, as in the present embodiment, when the mixed solution and the W solution are separately supplied to the pre-reaction solution, the nickel hydroxide is independent of the presence of tungsten ions in the region to which the mixed solution is supplied. It precipitates. As a result, nickel ions are not present at a high concentration in the reaction solution, and precipitation of a tungsten compound containing nickel hardly occurs. On the other hand, the precipitated nickel hydroxide is gradually re-eluted as a nickel complex ion by reacting with the complex ion formation factor contained in the complex ion formation solution. Then, the tungsten compound reacts by reacting the re-eluted nickel complex ion with tungsten. Since the concentration of re-eluted nickel complex ions is relatively low, the deposition rate of the tungsten compound can be reduced. For the above reasons, tungsten can be more uniformly present in and on the primary particles of the composite hydroxide by separately supplying the mixed solution and the W solution to the pre-reaction solution to form the reaction solution. It is considered possible.
仮にＷ溶液のｐＨが１０よりも低い場合、Ｗ溶液が供給される箇所において反応溶液のｐＨが局所的に低くなり、その領域において一旦析出したニッケル水酸化物が再度溶解することがある。そうなると、反応溶液のｐＨが局所的に低くなった領域において、タングステン周辺のニッケル濃度が高くなり、タングステン化合物の析出速度が速くなる。これにより、一次粒子の内部及び表面においてタングステンの偏析が起こりやすくなると考えられる。以上の理由により、Ｗ溶液のｐＨを１０より高く調整することで、タングステンの化合物の析出速度を遅くなり、一次粒子においてより均質にタングステンを分布させることができると考えられる。 If the pH of the W solution is lower than 10, the pH of the reaction solution is locally lowered at the point where the W solution is supplied, and the nickel hydroxide that has once precipitated in that area may be dissolved again. Then, in the region where the pH of the reaction solution is locally lowered, the concentration of nickel around tungsten is increased, and the deposition rate of the tungsten compound is increased. This is considered to be likely to cause segregation of tungsten inside and on the surface of the primary particles. For the above reasons, it is thought that by adjusting the pH of the W solution to more than 10, the deposition rate of the tungsten compound can be reduced, and tungsten can be distributed more uniformly in the primary particles.
以下各工程について説明する。 Each step will be described below.
［混合溶液の準備］
混合溶液は、目的のリチウム遷移金属酸化物の組成に応じてタングステンを除く各金属を含む塩を所定量水に溶解して調製される。塩の種類としては、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、塩酸塩などが挙げられる。また、混合溶液を調製する際に、各金属を含む塩を溶解しやすくするために、水に酸性溶液（例えば硫酸水溶液）を加えてもよい。この場合、塩基性溶液をさらに加えてｐＨ調整を行ってもよい。また混合溶液におけるニッケル等の金属元素の合計モル数は、目的とするリチウム遷移金属酸化物の平均粒径に応じて適宜設定できる。ここで金属元素の合計モル数は、混合溶液が、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む場合はニッケル及びコバルトの合計モル数であり、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む場合はニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの合計モル数を意味する。
[Preparation of mixed solution]
The mixed solution is prepared by dissolving a predetermined amount of a salt containing each metal except tungsten in water according to the composition of the target lithium transition metal oxide. Types of salts include nitrates, sulfates, hydrochlorides and the like. In addition, when preparing the mixed solution, an acidic solution (for example, an aqueous sulfuric acid solution) may be added to water in order to facilitate dissolution of the salt containing each metal. In this case, the pH may be adjusted by further adding a basic solution. In addition, the total number of moles of metal elements such as nickel in the mixed solution can be appropriately set according to the average particle diameter of the target lithium transition metal oxide. Here, the total number of moles of the metal element is the total number of moles of nickel and cobalt when the mixed solution contains nickel and cobalt, and the total number of moles of nickel, cobalt and manganese when nickel, cobalt and manganese are included. means.
混合溶液のニッケル等の金属イオンの濃度は、各金属イオンの合計で１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上２．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以下、好ましくは１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上２．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以下とする。混合溶液の濃度が１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上であると、反応槽当たりの晶析物量が充分に得られるために生産性が向上する。一方、混合溶液の濃度が２．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以下であると、常温での金属塩の飽和濃度を超えることがなく、結晶が再析出による溶液中の金属イオン濃度の減少が抑制される。 The total concentration of metal ions such as nickel in the mixed solution is 1.0 mol / L or more and 2.6 mol / L or less, preferably 1.5 mol / L or more and 2.2 mol / L or less. When the concentration of the mixed solution is 1.0 mol / L or more, the amount of the crystallized material per reaction vessel can be sufficiently obtained to improve the productivity. On the other hand, when the concentration of the mixed solution is 2.6 mol / L or less, the decrease in the metal ion concentration in the solution due to reprecipitation of crystals is suppressed without exceeding the saturation concentration of the metal salt at normal temperature.
混合溶液は、実質的にタングステンイオンを含まない。実質的に含まないとは、混合溶液に不可避的に混入するタングステンイオンの存在を排除しないことを意味する。混合溶液におけるタングステンイオンの存在量は、例えば５００ｐｐｍ以下であり、５０ｐｐｍ以下が好ましい。 The mixed solution is substantially free of tungsten ions. Substantially free does not exclude the presence of tungsten ions which are inevitably mixed in the mixed solution. The amount of tungsten ions present in the mixed solution is, for example, 500 ppm or less, preferably 50 ppm or less.
［Ｗ溶液の準備］
Ｗ溶液は、実質的に金属イオンとしてタングステンイオンのみを含む溶液とする。Ｗ溶液は、目的の組成に応じてタングステン化合物を塩基性溶液に溶解してｐＨが１０以上になるように調製される。タングステン化合物としては、パラタングステン酸アンモニウム、タングステン酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。Ｗ溶液におけるタングステンのモル数は、目的とする正極活物質の組成と混合溶液におけるニッケル等の合計モル数に応じて適宜調整する。実質的に金属イオンとしてタングステンイオンのみを含むとは、不可避的に混入する他の金属イオンの存在を許容することを意味する。Ｗ溶液における他の金属イオンの存在量は、タングステンイオンに対して例えば５００ｐｐｍ以下であり、５０ｐｐｍ以下が好ましい。Ｗ溶液におけるタングステンイオン濃度は、例えば０．０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以下、好ましくは０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上１．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以下である。
[Preparation of W solution]
The W solution is a solution substantially containing only tungsten ions as metal ions. The W solution is prepared to have a pH of 10 or more by dissolving a tungsten compound in a basic solution according to the target composition. Examples of tungsten compounds include ammonium paratungstate and sodium tungstate. The number of moles of tungsten in the W solution is appropriately adjusted according to the composition of the target positive electrode active material and the total number of moles of nickel and the like in the mixed solution. Substantially including only tungsten ions as metal ions means to allow the presence of other metal ions which are inevitably mixed. The amount of other metal ions present in the W solution is, for example, 500 ppm or less, preferably 50 ppm or less, based on tungsten ions. The tungsten ion concentration in the W solution is, for example, 0.04 mol / L or more and 1.2 mol / L or less, preferably 0.6 mol / L or more and 1.0 mol / L or less.
［錯イオン形成溶液の準備］
錯イオン形成溶液は、混合溶液に含まれる金属元素と錯イオンを形成する錯イオン形成因子を含むものである。例えば錯イオン形成因子がアンモニアである場合、錯イオン形成溶液にはアンモニア水溶液を用いることができ、アンモニア水溶液中に含まれるアンモニアの含量は、例えば５重量％以上２５重量％以下、好ましくは１０重量％以上２０重量％以下である。
[Preparation of complex ion forming solution]
The complex ion formation solution contains a complex ion formation factor that forms a complex ion with the metal element contained in the mixed solution. For example, when the complex ion formation factor is ammonia, an aqueous ammonia solution can be used for the complex ion formation solution, and the content of ammonia contained in the aqueous ammonia solution is, for example, 5 wt% or more and 25 wt% or less, preferably 10 wt%. % Or more and 20% by weight or less.
［反応前溶液の準備］
反応前溶液は、ｐＨ１０以上１３．５以下の液媒体であり、例えば、反応容器に、所定量の水と、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液等の塩基性溶液を用いてｐＨ１０以上１３．５以下の溶液として調整される。溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下に調整することで、反応初期における反応溶液のｐＨ変動を抑制することができる。
[Preparation of solution before reaction]
The pre-reaction solution is a liquid medium having a pH of 10 or more and 13.5 or less, and, for example, as a solution having a pH of 10 or more and 13.5 or less using a predetermined amount of water and a basic solution such as sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in a reaction vessel. Adjusted. By adjusting the pH of the solution to 10 or more and 13.5 or less, the pH fluctuation of the reaction solution at the initial stage of the reaction can be suppressed.
［晶析工程］
反応前溶液に対して、形成される反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持しつつ、混合溶液と、Ｗ溶液と、錯イオン形成溶液とを別々に且つ同時に供給することにより、反応溶液からニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物粒子を得ることができる。反応前溶液には、混合溶液、Ｗ溶液及び錯イオン形成溶液に加えて、塩基性溶液を同時に供給してもよい。これにより反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に容易に維持することができる。
[Crystallization process]
By separately and simultaneously supplying the mixed solution, the W solution, and the complex ion forming solution while maintaining the pH of the reaction solution formed in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less with respect to the solution before reaction. Composite hydroxide particles containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten can be obtained from the reaction solution. The basic solution may be simultaneously supplied to the pre-reaction solution in addition to the mixed solution, the W solution and the complex ion forming solution. Thereby, the pH of the reaction solution can be easily maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less.
晶析工程では、反応溶液のｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲を維持するように各溶液を供給することが好ましい。例えば混合溶液の供給量に応じて、塩基性溶液の供給量を調整することで反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持することができる。反応溶液のｐＨが１０より低い場合は、得られる複合水酸化物に含まれる不純物（例えば、混合溶液に含まれる金属以外の硫酸分や硝酸分）の量が多くなり、最終生産物である二次電池の容量の低下をまねく場合がある。また、ｐＨが１３．５より高い場合は、微小の二次粒子が多く生成し、得られる複合水酸化物のハンドリング性が悪くなる場合がある。また反応溶液の温度は、例えば２５℃以上８０℃以下の範囲になるように制御する。 In the crystallization step, each solution is preferably supplied such that the pH of the reaction solution is maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less. For example, the pH of the reaction solution can be maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less by adjusting the supply amount of the basic solution according to the supply amount of the mixed solution. When the pH of the reaction solution is lower than 10, the amount of impurities contained in the resulting composite hydroxide (for example, the content of sulfuric acid and nitric acid other than metals contained in the mixed solution) increases, and the final product It may lead to a decrease in capacity of the secondary battery. Moreover, when pH is higher than 13.5, many fine secondary particles may be generated, and the handleability of the resulting composite hydroxide may be deteriorated. Further, the temperature of the reaction solution is controlled to be, for example, in the range of 25 ° C. or more and 80 ° C. or less.
晶析工程では、反応溶液中のニッケルイオンの濃度を１０ｐｐｍ以上１０００ｐｐｍ以下の範囲になるように維持することが好ましい。ニッケルイオンの濃度が１０ｐｐｍ以上の場合は、タングステン化合物が充分に析出する。ニッケルイオンの濃度が１０００ｐｐｍ以下の場合は、溶出するニッケル量が少ないため、目的の組成からずれることが抑制される。ニッケルイオン濃度は、例えば錯イオン形成溶液にアンモニア水溶液を用いた場合、反応溶液中のアンモニウムイオン濃度が、１０００ｐｐｍ以上１５０００ｐｐｍ以下となるように、錯イオン形成溶液を供給することで、調整することができる。 In the crystallization step, the concentration of nickel ions in the reaction solution is preferably maintained in the range of 10 ppm to 1000 ppm. When the concentration of nickel ions is 10 ppm or more, the tungsten compound is sufficiently precipitated. When the concentration of nickel ions is 1000 ppm or less, the amount of nickel to be eluted is small, so that deviation from the target composition is suppressed. The nickel ion concentration can be adjusted, for example, by supplying a complex ion formation solution so that the ammonium ion concentration in the reaction solution is 1000 ppm or more and 15000 ppm or less when an aqueous ammonia solution is used as the complex ion formation solution. it can.
混合溶液を供給する時間は、１２時間以上６０時間以下とすることが好ましい。１２時間以上とすることにより、タングステン化合物の析出速度が遅くなるため、より均質にタングステンを存在させることができる。また６０時間以下とすることにより、生産性を向上することができる。 The time for supplying the mixed solution is preferably 12 hours or more and 60 hours or less. By setting it as 12 hours or more, since the deposition rate of a tungsten compound becomes slow, tungsten can be more uniformly present. Moreover, productivity can be improved by setting it as 60 hours or less.
晶析工程全体をとおして供給される混合溶液のニッケル等の合計モル数を分母とし、一時間あたりに供給される混合溶液のニッケル等の合計モル数を分子とした値を、０．０１５以上０．０８５以下とするのが好ましい。０．０１５以上とすることで、生産性を向上することができる。０．０８５以下とすることで、タングステンの化合物の析出速度が遅くなるため、より均質にタングステンを存在させることができる。Ｗ溶液の供給速度は、混合溶液の供給速度と目的の組成中のタングステンのモル比により適宜調整する。 The total mole number of nickel etc. of the mixed solution supplied throughout the crystallization process is used as a denominator, and the value of the total mole number of nickel etc. of the mixed solution supplied per hour as a molecule is 0.015 or more It is preferable to set it as 0.085 or less. By setting it as 0.015 or more, productivity can be improved. By setting the amount to 0.085 or less, the deposition rate of the compound of tungsten is reduced, so that tungsten can be present more uniformly. The feed rate of the W solution is appropriately adjusted by the feed rate of the mixed solution and the molar ratio of tungsten in the target composition.
反応終了後、生成する沈殿物を水洗し、濾過し、乾燥させることにより、ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を得ることができる。得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物における金属元素の組成比は、これらを原料として得られるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の金属元素の組成比とほぼ一致する。 After completion of the reaction, the precipitate formed is washed with water, filtered and dried to obtain a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide. The compositional ratio of the metal elements in the obtained nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide substantially matches the compositional ratio of the metal elements in the lithium transition metal composite oxide obtained using these as raw materials.
本実施形態のニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物は、例えば下記式（１）で表される組成を有することが好ましい。
Ｎｉ１−ｘ−ｙＣｏｘ １ＭｙＷｚ（ＯＨ）２＋ｐ （１）
The nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide of the present embodiment preferably has a composition represented by, for example, the following formula (1).
Ni 1-x-y Co x 1 M y W z (OH) 2+ p (1)
式（１）中、１Ｍは、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ、Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｙ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｌａ、Ｃｄ及びＬｕからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種であって、０．０１≦ｘ≦０．３５、０≦ｙ≦０．３５、０＜ｚ≦０．０５、０≦ｐ≦０．５を満たす。式（１）において、１Ｍは、Ｍｎ及びＡｌの少なくとも一方であることが好ましい。また０＜ｙ≦０．３５であることが好ましい。 In the formula (1), 1 M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Fe, Cu, Si, Sn, Bi, Ga, Y, Sm, Er, Ce, At least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, La, Cd and Lu, wherein 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.35, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.35, 0 <z ≦ 0.05, 0 ≦ p ≦ Meet 0.5. In the formula (1), 1 M is preferably at least one of Mn and Al. Further, it is preferable that 0 <y ≦ 0.35.
［種生成工程］
ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法においては、図２に示すように晶析工程の前に種生成工程を有することが好ましい。反応前溶液に対して、混合溶液の一部を供給することによりニッケル及びコバルトを含む複合水酸化物粒子を種晶として含む種溶液を得ることができる。すなわち、晶析工程に供する液媒体は、ニッケル及びコバルトを含む複合水酸化物を含む種溶液であることが好ましい。種生成工程にて得られるニッケル及びコバルトを含む複合水酸化物の粒子一個が、晶析工程後に得られる複合水酸化物の粒子一個を構成する種晶となることから、種生成工程において得られる種晶の数によって、晶析工程後に得られる水酸化物の二次粒子の総数を制御することができる。例えば、種生成工程において混合溶液を多く供給すると生成する種晶の数が多くなるので、晶析工程後の複合水酸化物の二次粒子の平均粒径が小さくなる傾向がある。また、例えば、種生成工程のｐＨを晶析工程のｐＨより高くする場合は、生成する種晶の成長よりも種晶の生成が優先されることで、より均質な粒径を有する種晶が生成し、粒度分布の狭い種溶液を得ることができる。これにより粒度分布の狭い複合水酸化物を得ることができる。種生成工程後、種溶液に対して、反応溶液のｐＨを１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持しつつ、混合溶液と、Ｗ溶液と、錯イオン形成溶液と、を別々に且つ同時に供給することで上述の晶析工程を行う。
[Seed production process]
In the method of producing the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide, it is preferable to have a seed generation step before the crystallization step as shown in FIG. By supplying a part of the mixed solution to the solution before reaction, it is possible to obtain a seed solution containing composite hydroxide particles containing nickel and cobalt as seed crystals. That is, the liquid medium to be subjected to the crystallization step is preferably a seed solution containing a composite hydroxide containing nickel and cobalt. One particle of the composite hydroxide containing nickel and cobalt obtained in the seed generation step becomes a seed crystal constituting one particle of the composite hydroxide obtained after the crystallization step, so it is obtained in the seed generation step The number of seed crystals can control the total number of secondary particles of hydroxide obtained after the crystallization step. For example, when a large amount of mixed solution is supplied in the seed generation step, the number of seed crystals generated is large, so the average particle diameter of the secondary particles of the composite hydroxide after the crystallization step tends to be small. Also, for example, when the pH of the seed production step is made higher than the pH of the crystallization step, seed crystals having a more homogeneous particle diameter can be generated by giving priority to the production of seed crystals rather than the growth of seed crystals produced. A seed solution having a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained. Thereby, a composite hydroxide having a narrow particle size distribution can be obtained. After the seed generation step, the mixed solution, the W solution, and the complex ion forming solution are separately and simultaneously supplied to the seed solution while maintaining the pH of the reaction solution in the range of 10 to 13.5. To carry out the above-mentioned crystallization step.
種生成工程において、混合溶液とＷ溶液とを同時に供給することも可能ではあるが、混合溶液のみを供給することが好ましい。タングステンは、上述のとおり、混合溶液に含まれる金属元素と一緒にタングステン化合物として析出する。混合溶液とＷ溶液を供給する場合は、混合溶液によって供給される金属元素のモル数だけでなく、タングステン化合物の析出量にも依存して種晶の数が決まることになる。それに対して、Ｗ溶液を用いずに混合溶液のみを供給して種生成をする場合は、混合溶液で供給される金属源のモル数により種晶の数が決まり、タングステン化合物の析出に依存しない分、製造ＬＯＴごとの種晶の数の変動を抑制できると考えられる。 In the seed production step, it is possible to simultaneously supply the mixed solution and the W solution, but it is preferable to supply only the mixed solution. Tungsten is deposited as a tungsten compound together with the metal element contained in the mixed solution as described above. In the case of supplying the mixed solution and the W solution, the number of seed crystals is determined depending not only on the number of moles of the metal element supplied by the mixed solution but also on the deposition amount of the tungsten compound. On the other hand, in the case of seed generation by supplying only the mixed solution without using the W solution, the number of seed crystals is determined by the number of moles of the metal source supplied in the mixed solution and does not depend on the precipitation of tungsten compound. It is considered that the variation of the number of seed crystals per minute and production LOT can be suppressed.
種生成工程において供給する混合溶液に含まれるニッケル等の合計モル数は、例えば、晶析工程において供給する混合溶液に含まれるニッケル等の合計モル数の１．５％以下とする。混合溶液の供給は、得られる種溶液のｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲を維持するように、塩基性溶液の供給と同時に行ってもよいし、所定量の混合溶液を供給した後の反応溶液のｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲になるように、反応前溶液にあらかじめ塩基性溶液を供給した後に行ってもよい。 The total number of moles of nickel and the like contained in the mixed solution supplied in the seed generation step is, for example, 1.5% or less of the total number of moles of nickel and the like contained in the mixed solution supplied in the crystallization step. The supply of the mixed solution may be performed simultaneously with the supply of the basic solution so that the pH of the obtained seed solution is maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less, or after the predetermined amount of mixed solution is supplied. You may carry out after supplying a basic solution to the solution before reaction so that pH of a reaction solution may be in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less.
［熱処理工程］
熱処理工程では、上述のニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法で得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を大気雰囲気下、熱処理することにより含有する水分を除去して熱処理物を得る。得られる熱処理物にはニッケルコバルト遷移金属酸化物が含まれる。
熱処理の温度は例えば、１０５℃以上９００℃以下とし、熱処理時間は５時間以上３０時間以下とする。
[Heat treatment process]
In the heat treatment step, the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide obtained by the above-described method for producing a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide is heat-treated in the atmosphere to remove moisture contained therein to obtain a heat-treated product. The heat-treated product obtained contains a nickel-cobalt transition metal oxide.
The temperature of the heat treatment is, for example, 105 ° C. or more and 900 ° C. or less, and the heat treatment time is 5 hours or more and 30 hours or less.
［混合工程］
混合工程は、ニッケルコバルト遷移金属酸化物を含む熱処理物と、リチウム化合物とを混合して、リチウム混合物を得る工程である。
[Mixing process]
The mixing step is a step of mixing a heat-treated material containing a nickel-cobalt transition metal oxide with a lithium compound to obtain a lithium mixture.
混合方法には、例えば、出発原料である熱処理物とリチウム化合物とを撹拌混合機等で乾式混合する方法、又は出発原料のスラリーを調製し、ボールミル等の混合機で湿式混合する方法が挙げられる。リチウム化合物としては、例えば、水酸化リチウム、硝酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、もしくはこれらの混合物が挙げられる。 Examples of the mixing method include a method of dry-mixing a heat-treated product as a starting material and a lithium compound by a stirring mixer or the like, or a method of preparing a slurry of the starting materials and wet-mixing by a mixer such as a ball mill. . As a lithium compound, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, or these mixtures are mentioned, for example.
リチウム混合物におけるリチウム以外の金属元素の合計モル数とリチウムのモル数との比は、０．９０以上１．３０以下であることが好ましい。０．９０以上であると副生成物の生成が抑制される傾向がある。また１．３０以下であるとリチウム混合物の表面に存在するアルカリ成分量が増加することが抑制され、アルカリ成分の潮解性による水分吸着が抑制されて、ハンドリング性が向上する傾向がある。 The ratio of the total number of moles of metal elements other than lithium to the number of moles of lithium in the lithium mixture is preferably 0.90 or more and 1.30 or less. If it is 0.90 or more, the formation of byproducts tends to be suppressed. Moreover, it is suppressed that the amount of alkaline components which exist on the surface of a lithium mixture as it is 1.30 or less is suppressed, the water adsorption by the deliquescent property of an alkaline component is suppressed, and there exists a tendency for handling property to improve.
［焼成工程］
焼成工程は、混合工程で得られるリチウム混合物を熱処理して、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得る工程である。焼成工程において、リチウム化合物に含まれるリチウムがニッケルコバルト遷移金属酸化物中に拡散することにより、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得ることができる。
[Firing process]
The firing step is a step of heat treating the lithium mixture obtained in the mixing step to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide. In the firing step, lithium contained in the lithium compound is diffused into the nickel-cobalt transition metal oxide, whereby a lithium transition metal composite oxide can be obtained.
焼成温度は、６５０℃以上９９０℃以下が好ましい。焼成温度が６５０℃以上であると未反応リチウム分の増加が抑制される傾向がある。９９０℃以下であるとタングステンの偏析が抑制される傾向がある。焼成時間は最高温度を保持する時間として例えば１０時間以上あれば十分である。 The firing temperature is preferably 650 ° C. or more and 990 ° C. or less. When the firing temperature is 650 ° C. or more, the increase in the amount of unreacted lithium tends to be suppressed. When the temperature is 990 ° C. or less, segregation of tungsten tends to be suppressed. For the firing time, for example, 10 hours or more is sufficient as the time for maintaining the maximum temperature.
焼成工程の雰囲気は、酸素存在下が好ましく、１０容量％以上１００容量％以下の酸素を含有する雰囲気がより好ましい。 The atmosphere in the firing step is preferably in the presence of oxygen, and more preferably an atmosphere containing 10% by volume to 100% by volume of oxygen.
焼成後、必要に応じてリチウム遷移金属酸化物を粗砕、粉砕、乾式篩い等の処理を行い、本実施形態の非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質が得られる。 After firing, the lithium transition metal oxide is subjected to treatments such as crushing, pulverizing, dry sieving, etc. as necessary to obtain the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present embodiment.
［非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質］
本実施形態の正極活物質は、式（２）で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む。リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、層状構造を有する六方晶系の結晶構造を有するものである。
ＬｉｐＮｉ１−ｘ−ｙＣｏｘ ２ＭｙＷｚＯ２ （２）
[Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery]
The positive electrode active material of the present embodiment includes the lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by Formula (2). The lithium transition metal complex oxide is one having a hexagonal crystal structure having a layered structure.
Li p Ni 1-x-y Co x 2 M y W z O 2 (2)
式（２）中、２Ｍは、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ、Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｙ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｌａ、Ｃｄ、及びＬｕからなる群より選択される一種以上の元素であって、０．９５≦ｐ≦１．２、０．１０≦ｘ≦０．３５、０≦ｙ≦０．３５、０＜ｚ≦０．０５を満たす。 In the formula (2), 2 M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Fe, Cu, Si, Sn, Bi, Ga, Y, Sm, Er, Ce, One or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nd, La, Cd, and Lu, and 0.95 ≦ p ≦ 1.2, 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.35, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.35 , 0 <z ≦ 0.05 is satisfied.
式（２）における２Ｍは、これら正極活物質を用いた非水系電解質二次電池における安全性の点で、Ｍｎ及びＡｌの少なくとも一方から選択されることが好ましい。 It is preferable that 2 M in Formula (2) is selected from at least one of Mn and Al in terms of safety in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using these positive electrode active materials.
式（２）におけるｐが０．９５以上の場合、得られるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を用いた非水系電解質二次電池における正極表面と電解質との界面で発生する界面抵抗が抑制されるため、電池の出力が向上する傾向がある。一方、ｐが１．２以下の場合、上記正極活物質を非水系電解質二次電池の正極に用いる場合の初期放電容量が向上する傾向がある。 When p in the formula (2) is 0.95 or more, the interfacial resistance generated at the interface between the positive electrode surface and the electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the obtained positive electrode active material containing lithium transition metal oxide is suppressed Therefore, the output of the battery tends to be improved. On the other hand, when p is 1.2 or less, the initial discharge capacity tends to be improved in the case of using the positive electrode active material as the positive electrode of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
式（２）におけるｘ、ｙ、ｚの範囲は、得られたリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を用いた非水系電解質二次電池における、充放電容量やサイクル特性、安全性などを考慮して決定される。ｘの値は、０．１０以上０．３５以下とする。ｙの値は、０以上０．３５以下、好ましくは０．１０以上０．３５以下とする。ｚの値は０．０５以下、好ましくは０．０２以下とする。 The ranges of x, y and z in the formula (2) take account of charge / discharge capacity, cycle characteristics, safety, etc. in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the obtained positive electrode active material containing lithium transition metal oxide. To be determined. The value of x is 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less. The value of y is 0 or more and 0.35 or less, preferably 0.10 or more and 0.35 or less. The value of z is 0.05 or less, preferably 0.02 or less.
以下、実施例にてより具体的な例を説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。 Hereinafter, more specific examples will be described with examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［実施例１］
（各溶液の準備）
硫酸ニッケル溶液と、硫酸コバルト溶液と、硫酸マンガン溶液と、をそれぞれ金属元素のモル比で１：１：１になるように水に溶解して混合した混合溶液（ニッケルイオン、コバルトイオン及びマンガンイオンを合わせた濃度で１．７モル／Ｌ）を準備した。混合溶液中の金属元素の総モル数を４７４モルとした。
パラタングステン酸アンモニウム４．７モル分を水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解させて液温２５℃におけるｐＨが１２．３であるＷ溶液（濃度１．５モル／Ｌ）を準備した。
塩基性水溶液として、２５重量％の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を準備した。
錯イオン形成溶液として、１２．５重量％のアンモニア水溶液を準備した。
Example 1
(Preparation of each solution)
A mixed solution of nickel sulfate solution, cobalt sulfate solution and manganese sulfate solution dissolved in water so as to have a molar ratio of metal elements of 1: 1: 1 (nickel ions, cobalt ions and manganese ions) (The concentration is 1.7 mol / L). The total number of moles of the metal element in the mixed solution was 474 moles.
4.7 mol of ammonium paratungstate was dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to prepare a W solution (concentration: 1.5 mol / L) having a pH of 12.3 at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
A 25% by weight aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was prepared as a basic aqueous solution.
A 12.5 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was prepared as a complex ion forming solution.
（反応前溶液の準備）
反応容器に水４０リットルを準備し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液をｐＨが１２．５になるように加えた。窒素ガスを導入し反応容器内を窒素で置換して反応前溶液を準備した。
(Preparation of solution before reaction)
In a reaction vessel, 40 liters of water was prepared, and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was added so that the pH was 12.5. Nitrogen gas was introduced and the inside of the reaction vessel was replaced with nitrogen to prepare a pre-reaction solution.
（種生成工程）
反応溶液を撹拌しながら、反応前溶液に対して混合溶液をニッケル等の総モル数として４モル分加えて、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む複合水酸化物を析出させた。
(Seed production process)
While stirring the reaction solution, the mixed solution was added to the pre-reaction solution in a total molar number of 4 moles such as nickel to precipitate a composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and manganese.
（晶析工程）
残りの混合溶液４７０モル分と、Ｗ溶液４．７モル分と、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と、アンモニア水溶液を、塩基性（ｐＨ１１．３）条件下、反応溶液中においてニッケル濃度が約３００ｐｐｍであり、アンモニウム濃度が約１００００ｐｐｍとなるように、それぞれを別々に且つ同時に反応溶液を撹拌しながら供給して、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガン及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物粒子を析出させた。混合溶液の供給時間は１８時間であった。
反応溶液の温度は、約５０℃になるように制御した。
(Crystallization process)
The remaining mixed solution of 470 mol, W solution of 4.7 mol, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and aqueous ammonia solution under a basic (pH 11.3) condition have a nickel concentration of about 300 ppm in the reaction solution, The reaction solution was separately and simultaneously supplied with stirring so that the ammonium concentration was about 10000 ppm to precipitate composite hydroxide particles containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and tungsten. The feed time of the mixed solution was 18 hours.
The temperature of the reaction solution was controlled to be about 50 ° C.
続いて水洗、濾過、乾燥を行いニッケル、コバルト、マンガン及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物（以下、「ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物」ともいう）を得た。得られたニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を無機酸により溶解した後、ＩＣＰ発光分光法により化学分析を行ったところ、その組成はＮｉ０．３３Ｃｏ０．３３Ｍｎ０．３３Ｗ０．０１（ＯＨ）２＋ａ（０≦ａ≦０．５）であった。 Subsequently, washing with water, filtration and drying were performed to obtain a composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and tungsten (hereinafter also referred to as "nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide"). The obtained nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide was dissolved in an inorganic acid, and then chemical analysis was conducted by ICP emission spectroscopy. The composition was Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 W 0.01 (OH 2 ) + a (0 ≦ a ≦ 0.5).
続いてニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物粒子をエポキシ樹脂に分散させ固化した後、クロスセクションポリッシャにて二次粒子の断面出しを行い、高角度環状暗視野走査透過型電子顕微鏡／エネルギー分散型Ｘ線分析装置（ＪＥＯＬ社製）にてＨＡＡＤＦ像及びＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像（加速電圧２００ｋＶ）を測定した。
実施例１のニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の高角度環状暗視野走査透過型電子顕微鏡（ＨＡＡＤＦ−ＳＴＥＭ）像（以下、ＨＡＡＤＦ像）を図３に、ＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を図４に示す。図３ではニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物粒子は、複数の一次粒子からなる二次粒子を形成している。図３において、一次粒子内部１は、例えば×で示される部位であり、一次粒子粒界２は、例えば実線で示される部位である。実施例１のニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物のＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ分析による一次粒子内部及び粒界におけるタングステン元素の組成比率（ａｔ％）を表１に示す。
平均組成（％）は各点（表１における１から４）の平均値とし、ばらつきは各点の標準偏差とし、変動係数は平均組成に対するばらつきの比の値である。
Subsequently, nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles are dispersed and solidified in an epoxy resin, and then cross-sectioning of secondary particles is carried out with a cross section polisher, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy / energy dispersive X-ray analysis The HAADF image and the TEM-EDX image (acceleration voltage: 200 kV) were measured with a device (manufactured by JEOL).
A high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM) image (hereinafter, HAADF image) of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 3, and a TEM-EDX image is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles form secondary particles composed of a plurality of primary particles. In FIG. 3, the primary particle interior 1 is, for example, a portion indicated by x, and the primary particle grain boundary 2 is, for example, a portion indicated by a solid line. The composition ratio (at%) of tungsten element in primary particles and in grain boundaries by TEM-EDX analysis of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide of Example 1 is shown in Table 1.
The average composition (%) is the average value of each point (1 to 4 in Table 1), the variation is the standard deviation of each point, and the variation coefficient is the value of the ratio of the variation to the average composition.
（正極活物質の製造）
ニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物を、大気雰囲気下、３００℃で２０時間の熱処理を行い、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガン及びタングステンを含む遷移金属複合酸化物（以下、「ニッケルコバルト遷移金属複合酸化物」ともいう）として回収した。次にニッケルコバルト遷移金属複合酸化物に対する炭酸リチウムのモル比が１．１５倍となるように両者を乾式混合し、大気雰囲気中９３０℃で１５時間焼成した。その後、分散処理してリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を無機酸により溶解した後、ＩＣＰ発光分光法により化学分析を行ったところ、その組成はＬｉ１．１５Ｎｉ０．３３Ｃｏ０．３３Ｍｎ０．３３Ｗ０．０１Ｏ２であった。
(Production of positive electrode active material)
The nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide is heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 20 hours in an air atmosphere, and is also referred to as a transition metal composite oxide containing nickel, cobalt, manganese and tungsten (hereinafter referred to as “nickel-cobalt transition metal composite oxide”) Collected as). Next, both were dry-mixed so that the molar ratio of lithium carbonate to nickel-cobalt transition metal complex oxide would be 1.15 times, and the mixture was fired at 930 ° C. for 15 hours in the air atmosphere. Thereafter, dispersion treatment was carried out to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
The obtained lithium transition metal complex oxide was dissolved in an inorganic acid, and then chemical analysis was conducted by ICP emission spectroscopy. The composition was Li 1.15 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 W 0 .01 O 2
続いてニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物粒子と同様にして、リチウム遷移金属酸化物粒子をエポキシ樹脂に分散させ固化した後、クロスセクションポリッシャにて二次粒子の断面出しを行い、高角度環状暗視野走査透過型電子顕微鏡／エネルギー分散型Ｘ線分析装置（ＪＥＯＬ社製）にてＨＡＡＤＦ像及びＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を、走査型電子顕微鏡／エネルギー分散型Ｘ線分析装置（日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製）にてＳＥＭ―ＥＤＸ（加速電圧５ｋＶ）を測定した。
実施例１のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物のＨＡＡＤＦ像を図５に、ＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を図６に示す。実施例１のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物のＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ分析による一次粒子内部及び粒界におけるタングステン元素の組成比率（ａｔ％）を表２に、ＳＥＭ−ＥＤＸ分析による一次粒子内部及び粒界におけるタングステン元素の組成比率（ａｔ％）を表３に示す。
Subsequently, lithium transition metal oxide particles are dispersed in epoxy resin and solidified in the same manner as nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide particles, and then cross-sectioning of secondary particles is carried out with a cross section polisher, and high angle annular dark field scanning is performed. HAADF image and TEM-EDX image by transmission electron microscope / energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (made by JEOL), SEM by scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (made by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) -EDX (acceleration voltage 5 kV) was measured.
The HAADF image of the lithium transition metal complex oxide of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 5, and the TEM-EDX image is shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the composition ratio (at%) of tungsten element in primary particles and at grain boundaries by TEM-EDX analysis of lithium transition metal complex oxide of Example 1 Tungsten in primary particles and grain boundaries by SEM-EDX analysis The composition ratios (at%) of the elements are shown in Table 3.
［比較例１］
Ｗ溶液を用いない以外は、実施例１と同様の条件にてニッケルコバルト遷移金属複合酸化物を得た。得られたニッケルコバルト遷移金属複合酸化物と炭酸リチウムと酸化タングステン（組成比で０．０１モル分）を所定量乾式混合した以外は、実施例１と同様の条件にてリチウム遷移金属酸化物を得た。
得られたリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を無機酸により溶解した後、ＩＣＰ発光分光法により化学分析を行ったところ、その組成はＬｉ１．１５Ｎｉ０．３３Ｃｏ０．３３Ｍｎ０．３３Ｗ０．０１Ｏ２であった。
続いて実施例１と同じ条件にて、ＨＡＡＤＦ像とＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を測定した。
比較例１のリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物のＨＡＡＤＦ像を図７に、ＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を図８に示す。比較例１の正極活物質のＴＥＭ−ＥＤＸ分析による一次粒子内部及び粒界におけるタングステン元素の組成比率（ａｔ％）を表４に示す。
Comparative Example 1
A nickel-cobalt transition metal complex oxide was obtained under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the W solution was not used. A lithium transition metal oxide was prepared under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the obtained nickel-cobalt transition metal composite oxide, lithium carbonate and tungsten oxide (composition ratio 0.01 mol) were dry mixed in predetermined amounts. Obtained.
The obtained lithium transition metal complex oxide was dissolved in an inorganic acid, and then chemical analysis was conducted by ICP emission spectroscopy. The composition was Li 1.15 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 W 0 .01 O 2
Subsequently, under the same conditions as in Example 1, HAADF images and TEM-EDX images were measured.
The HAADF image of the lithium transition metal complex oxide of Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIG. 7, and the TEM-EDX image is shown in FIG. Table 4 shows the composition ratio (at%) of tungsten element in primary particles and at grain boundaries by TEM-EDX analysis of the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1.
［比較例２］
（各溶液の準備）
硫酸ニッケル溶液と、硫酸コバルト溶液と、硫酸マンガン溶液の混合溶液（ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを合わせた濃度で１．７モル／Ｌ）に、さらにパラタングステン酸アンモニウム４．７モル分を溶解させたこと以外は実施例１と同じ手順にてリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を作製した。
得られたリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を無機酸により溶解した後、ＩＣＰ発光分光法により化学分析を行ったところ、その組成はＬｉ１．１５Ｎｉ０．３３Ｃｏ０．３３Ｍｎ０．３３Ｗ０．０１Ｏ２であった。
続いて実施例１と同じ条件にて、ＳＥＭ−ＥＤＸ像を測定した。
比較例２の正極活物質のＳＥＭ−ＥＤＸ分析による一次粒子内部及び粒界におけるタングステン元素の組成比率（ａｔ％）を表５に示す。
Comparative Example 2
(Preparation of each solution)
In a mixed solution of nickel sulfate solution, cobalt sulfate solution and manganese sulfate solution (1.7 mol / L in total concentration of nickel, cobalt and manganese), 4.7 mol of ammonium paratungstate was further dissolved A lithium transition metal composite oxide was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
The obtained lithium transition metal complex oxide was dissolved in an inorganic acid, and then chemical analysis was conducted by ICP emission spectroscopy. The composition was Li 1.15 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 W 0 .01 O 2
Subsequently, under the same conditions as Example 1, the SEM-EDX image was measured.
Table 5 shows composition ratios (at%) of tungsten elements in primary particles and in grain boundaries by SEM-EDX analysis of the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 2.
表１から５より、実施例１におけるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物及びリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の変動係数が、比較例１及び２におけるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の変動係数と比較して小さいことが理解できる。つまり、本実施例の製造方法により得られるニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物及びリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の一次粒子表面及び内部においてタングステンがより均質に存在することを確認できた。
（二次電池の作製）
From Tables 1 to 5, the variation coefficient of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and the lithium transition metal composite oxide in Example 1 is smaller than the variation coefficient of the lithium transition metal composite oxide in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Understandable. That is, it could be confirmed that tungsten was more homogeneously present on the surface and inside of the primary particles of the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide and the lithium transition metal composite oxide obtained by the manufacturing method of this example.
(Preparation of secondary battery)
以下の要領で実施例１、比較例１及び２で得られた正極活物質を用いて評価用二次電池を作製した。 A secondary battery for evaluation was produced using the positive electrode active material obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in the following manner.
（非水系電解液二次電池）
以下の手順で非水系電解液二次電池を作製した。
(Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)
A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the following procedure.
（正極の作製）
上記で得られた正極活物質８５重量部、アセチレンブラック１０重量部、及びＰＶＤＦ（ポリフッ化ビニリデン）５．０重量部を、ＮＭＰ（Ｎ−メチル−２−ピロリドン）に分散させて正極スラリーを調製した。得られた正極スラリーをアルミニウム箔に塗布し、乾燥後ロールプレス機で圧縮成形し、所定サイズに裁断して正極板を得た。
(Production of positive electrode)
85 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material obtained above, 10 parts by weight of acetylene black, and 5.0 parts by weight of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) are dispersed in NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) to prepare a positive electrode slurry did. The obtained positive electrode slurry was applied to an aluminum foil, dried, compression molded using a roll press, and cut into a predetermined size to obtain a positive electrode plate.
（負極の作製）
人造黒鉛９７．５重量部、ＣＭＣ（カルボキシメチルセルロース）１．５重量部、及びＳＢＲ（スチレンブタジエンゴム）１．０重量部を水に分散させて負極スラリーを調製した。得られた負極スラリーを銅箔に塗布し、乾燥後ロールプレス機で圧縮成形し、所定サイズに裁断して負極板を得た。
(Fabrication of negative electrode)
A negative electrode slurry was prepared by dispersing 97.5 parts by weight of artificial graphite, 1.5 parts by weight of CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), and 1.0 parts by weight of SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) in water. The obtained negative electrode slurry was applied onto a copper foil, dried, compression molded using a roll press, and cut into a predetermined size to obtain a negative electrode plate.
（非水電解液の作製）
ＥＣ（エチレンカーボネイト）とＭＥＣ（メチルエチルカーボネイト）を体積比率３：７で混合し、溶媒とした。得られる混合溶媒に六フッ化リン酸リチウム（ＬｉＰＦ６）をその濃度が、１ｍｏｌ／Ｌになるように溶解させて、非水電解液を得た。
(Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte)
EC (ethylene carbonate) and MEC (methyl ethyl carbonate) were mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7, and used as a solvent. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) was dissolved in the resulting mixed solvent to a concentration of 1 mol / L to obtain a non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
（評価用電池の組み立て）
正極板のアルミニウム箔と負極板の銅箔に、それぞれリード電極を取り付けたのち１２０℃で真空乾燥を行った。次いで、正極と負極との間に多孔性ポリエチレンからなるセパレータを配し、袋状のラミネートパックにそれらを収納した。収納後６０℃で真空乾燥して各部材に吸着した水分を除去した。真空乾燥後、ラミネートパック内に、先述の非水電解液を注入、封止し、ラミネートタイプの非水系電解液二次電池を得た。
(Assembly of evaluation battery)
After lead electrodes were attached to the aluminum foil of the positive electrode plate and the copper foil of the negative electrode plate, respectively, vacuum drying was performed at 120 ° C. Subsequently, a separator made of porous polyethylene was disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the separator was housed in a bag-like laminate pack. After storage, it was vacuum dried at 60 ° C. to remove the moisture adsorbed on each member. After vacuum drying, the non-aqueous electrolyte described above was injected into the laminate pack and sealed to obtain a laminate-type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
（固体電解質二次電池）
以下の手順で固体電解質二次電池を作製した。
(Solid electrolyte secondary battery)
A solid electrolyte secondary battery was produced by the following procedure.
（固体電解質の作製）
アルゴン雰囲気下で硫化リチウム及び五硫化リンを、そのモル比が７：３となるように秤量した。秤量物をメノウ乳鉢で粉砕混合し、硫化物ガラスを得た。これを固体電解質として用いた。
(Preparation of solid electrolyte)
Under an argon atmosphere, lithium sulfide and phosphorus pentasulfide were weighed so that the molar ratio was 7: 3. The weighed material was ground and mixed in an agate mortar to obtain a sulfide glass. This was used as a solid electrolyte.
（正極の作製）
正極活物質６０重量部、固体電解質３６重量部及びＶＧＣＦ（気相法炭素繊維）４重量部を混合し、正極合材を得た。
(Production of positive electrode)
60 parts by weight of a positive electrode active material, 36 parts by weight of a solid electrolyte, and 4 parts by weight of VGCF (gas phase grown carbon fiber) were mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
（負極の作製）
厚さ０．０５ｍｍのインジウム箔を直径１１．００ｍｍの円形にくり抜き、負極とした。
(Fabrication of negative electrode)
An indium foil having a thickness of 0.05 mm was cut out into a circular shape having a diameter of 11.00 mm and used as a negative electrode.
（評価用電池の組み立て）
内径１１．００ｍｍの円筒状外型に外径１１．００ｍｍの円柱状下型を、外型下部から挿入した。下型の上端は外型の中間の位置に固定した。この状態で外型の上部から下型の上端に固体電解質８０ｍｇを投入した。投入後、外径１１．００ｍｍの円柱状上型を外型の上部から挿入した。挿入後、上型の上方から９０ＭＰａの圧力をかけて、固体電解質を成形し、固体電解質層とした。成形後上型を外型の上部から引き抜き、外型の上部から固体電解質層の上部に正極合材２０ｍｇを投入した。投入後、再度上型を挿入し、今度は３６０ＭＰａの圧力をかけて正極合材を成形し、正極層とした。成形後上型を固定し、下型の固定を解除して外型の下部から引き抜き、下型の下部から固体電解質層の下部に負極を投入した。投入後、再度下型を挿入し、外型の下方から１５０ＭＰａの圧力をかけて負極を成形し、負極層とした。圧力をかけた状態で下型を固定し、上型に正極端子、下型に負極端子を取り付け、全固体二次電池を得た。
(Assembly of evaluation battery)
A cylindrical lower die having an outer diameter of 11.00 mm was inserted into a cylindrical outer die having an inner diameter of 11.00 mm from the lower portion of the outer die. The upper end of the lower mold was fixed at the middle position of the outer mold. In this state, 80 mg of the solid electrolyte was charged from the top of the outer mold to the top of the lower mold. After the introduction, a cylindrical upper die having an outer diameter of 11.00 mm was inserted from the top of the outer die. After insertion, a pressure of 90 MPa was applied from above the upper mold to form a solid electrolyte to obtain a solid electrolyte layer. After molding, the upper mold was pulled out from the upper part of the outer mold, and 20 mg of the positive electrode mixture was charged from the upper part of the outer mold to the upper part of the solid electrolyte layer. After charging, the upper die was inserted again, and this time, a pressure of 360 MPa was applied to shape the positive electrode mixture, to form a positive electrode layer. After molding, the upper mold was fixed, the lower mold was released from fixation, and the lower mold was pulled out from the lower part of the lower mold, and the negative electrode was introduced from the lower part of the lower mold to the lower part of the solid electrolyte layer. After charging, the lower mold was inserted again, and a negative electrode was formed by applying a pressure of 150 MPa from below the outer mold to form a negative electrode layer. The lower mold was fixed in a state where pressure was applied, and a positive electrode terminal was attached to the upper mold and a negative electrode terminal was attached to the lower mold to obtain an all solid secondary battery.
（電池特性の評価）
上記の評価用二次電池を用い以下の要領で電池特性の評価を行った。
(Evaluation of battery characteristics)
The battery characteristics were evaluated in the following manner using the above-described evaluation secondary battery.
（非水系電解液二次電池）
(初期放電容量)
充電電位４．３Ｖ、放電電位２．７５Ｖ、放電負荷０．２Ｃ（なお、１Ｃは、１時間で放電が終了する電流負荷である。）の条件で、上記試験用二次電池を放電させた。このときの放電容量を初期放電容量Ｑｄ（ｍＡｈ／ｇ）とした。
(Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)
(Initial discharge capacity)
The test secondary battery was discharged under the conditions of a charge potential of 4.3 V, a discharge potential of 2.75 V, and a discharge load of 0.2 C (note that 1 C is a current load at which discharging is completed in one hour). . The discharge capacity at this time was taken as the initial discharge capacity Qd (mAh / g).
（初期効率）
充電電位４．３Ｖの条件で、上記試験用二次電池を充電させた。このときの充電容量を初期充電容量とした。初期放電容量の値を初期充電容量の値で除して、初期効率Ｑｅ（％）を求め、初期特性を評価した。初期効率が高いほど、初期特性が優れることになる。
(Initial efficiency)
The test secondary battery was charged under the condition of a charge potential of 4.3 V. The charging capacity at this time was taken as the initial charging capacity. The value of the initial discharge capacity was divided by the value of the initial charge capacity to obtain an initial efficiency Qe (%), and the initial characteristics were evaluated. The higher the initial efficiency, the better the initial characteristics.
（高温高電圧保存特性）
評価用電池を２５℃の恒温槽に入れ、満充電電圧４．５Ｖ、充電レート０．２Ｃ、充電時間１０時間の条件で定電流定電圧充電を行った。充電後、放電電圧２．７５Ｖ、放電レート０．２Ｃで定電流定電圧放電を行った。放電後、再充電し、評価用電池を６０℃の恒温槽に移した。恒温槽において、充電電圧４．５Ｖ、充電レート０．２Ｃでトリクル充電しながら、５０時間保存した。保存後、トリクル充電をやめ、２５℃の恒温槽に戻し、放冷した。十分放冷した後、放電電圧２．７５Ｖ、放電レート０．２Ｃで定電流定電圧放電を行い、放電容量Ｑｓ（ｍＡｈ／ｇ）を測定した。Ｑｓが高いことは、高温保存特性が優れていることを意味する。
(High temperature high voltage storage characteristics)
The evaluation battery was placed in a thermostat at 25 ° C., and constant current constant voltage charging was performed under the conditions of a full charge voltage of 4.5 V, a charge rate of 0.2 C, and a charge time of 10 hours. After charging, constant current constant voltage discharge was performed at a discharge voltage of 2.75 V and a discharge rate of 0.2C. After discharge, the battery was recharged, and the evaluation battery was transferred to a 60 ° C. thermostat. In a thermostat, it saved for 50 hours, trickle charge by charge voltage 4.5V and charge rate 0.2C. After storage, the trickle charge was stopped, returned to the 25 ° C. thermostat, and allowed to cool. After sufficient cooling, constant current constant voltage discharge was performed at a discharge voltage of 2.75 V and a discharge rate of 0.2 C, and a discharge capacity Qs (mAh / g) was measured. The high Qs means that the high temperature storage characteristics are excellent.
表６より、実施例１は、比較例１及び２に対して初期放電容量に優れる事を確認でき、また比較例１に対して初期効率、高温高電圧保存特性に優れる事を確認できた。 From Table 6, Example 1 can confirm that it is excellent in initial stage discharge capacity with respect to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and can confirm that it is excellent in initial efficiency and high temperature high voltage storage characteristic to Comparative Example 1.
このようにして得られたリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む正極活物質を正極に用いた非水系電解液二次電池は、電気工具、電気自動車等の動力源として好適に利用可能である。また、このようにして得られたリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含む正極活物質を正極に用いた固体電解質二次電池は非水電解液を用いないので、発電所の予備電源等、熱的、機械的に過酷な環境で大出力が求められる電気機器の動力源として好適に利用可能である The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material containing the lithium transition metal composite oxide thus obtained as the positive electrode can be suitably used as a power source for an electric tool, an electric car, and the like. In addition, since a solid electrolyte secondary battery using a positive electrode active material containing a lithium transition metal composite oxide thus obtained as a positive electrode does not use a non-aqueous electrolyte, it is preferable It can be suitably used as a power source for electrical devices that require a large output in mechanically harsh environments
１ 一次粒子内部
２ 一次粒子粒界
1 Primary particle inside 2 Primary particle grain boundary
Claims (9)
タングステンイオンを含み、ｐＨが１０以上の第二溶液を準備することと、
錯イオン形成因子を含む第三溶液を準備することと、
ｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲にある液媒体を準備することと、
前記液媒体に、前記第一溶液、第二溶液及び第三溶液を別々に且つ同時に供給して、ｐＨが１０以上１３．５以下の範囲に維持される反応溶液を得ることと、
前記反応溶液からニッケル、コバルト及びタングステンを含む複合水酸化物を得ることと、を含むニッケルコバルト複合水酸化物の製造方法。 Preparing a first solution comprising nickel ions and cobalt ions;
Preparing a second solution containing tungsten ions and having a pH of 10 or more;
Preparing a third solution containing a complexing agent,
preparing a liquid medium having a pH in the range of 10 to 13.5;
Separately and simultaneously supplying the first solution, the second solution and the third solution to the liquid medium to obtain a reaction solution in which the pH is maintained in the range of 10 or more and 13.5 or less;
Obtaining a composite hydroxide containing nickel, cobalt and tungsten from the reaction solution.
Ｎｉ１−ｘ−ｙＣｏｘ １ＭｙＷｚ（ＯＨ）２＋ｐ （１）
（式（１）中、１Ｍは、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ、Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｙ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｌａ、Ｃｄ及びＬｕからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の元素であって、０．０１≦ｘ≦０．３５、０≦ｙ≦０．３５、０＜ｚ≦０．０５、０≦ｐ≦０．５を満たす） The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide has a composition represented by the following formula (1).
Ni 1-x-y Co x 1 M y W z (OH) 2+ p (1)
In the formula (1), 1 M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Fe, Cu, Si, Sn, Bi, Ga, Y, Sm, Er, Ce And at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nd, La, Cd and Lu, wherein 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.35, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.35, 0 <z ≦ 0.05, 0 Satisfy ≦ p ≦ 0.5)
前記熱処理物とリチウム化合物とを混合して、リチウム混合物を得ることと、
前記リチウム混合物を熱処理して、ニッケル及びコバルトを含み層状構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を得ることと、を含む非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 A heat-treated product is obtained by heat-treating a nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the presence of oxygen;
Mixing the heat-treated product with a lithium compound to obtain a lithium mixture;
Heat-treating the lithium mixture to obtain a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing nickel and cobalt and having a layered structure, and a method of producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
ＬｉｐＮｉ１−ｘ−ｙＣｏｘ ２ＭｙＷｚＯ２ （２）
（式（２）中、２Ｍは、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ、Ｓｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｂｉ、Ｇａ、Ｙ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｒ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｌａ、Ｃｄ及びＬｕからなる群より選択される一種以上の元素であって、０．９５≦ｐ≦１．２、０．１０≦ｘ≦０．３５、０≦ｙ≦０．３５、０＜ｚ≦０．０５を満たす。） The method according to claim 7, wherein the lithium transition metal complex oxide has a composition represented by the following formula (2).
Li p Ni 1-x-y Co x 2 M y W z O 2 (2)
(In the formula (2), 2 M is Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Fe, Cu, Si, Sn, Bi, Ga, Y, Sm, Er, Ce And one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Nd, La, Cd and Lu, and 0.95 ≦ p ≦ 1.2, 0.10 ≦ x ≦ 0.35, 0 ≦ y ≦ 0.35 , 0 <z ≦ 0.05.)
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