JP2019056758A - Optical device and optical member - Google Patents
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- JP2019056758A JP2019056758A JP2017180360A JP2017180360A JP2019056758A JP 2019056758 A JP2019056758 A JP 2019056758A JP 2017180360 A JP2017180360 A JP 2017180360A JP 2017180360 A JP2017180360 A JP 2017180360A JP 2019056758 A JP2019056758 A JP 2019056758A
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Landscapes
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Photo Coupler, Interrupter, Optical-To-Optical Conversion Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、赤外光を利用した光学装置、およびそれに用いる光学部材に関する。 The present invention relates to an optical device using infrared light and an optical member used therefor.
赤外光を用いた光学装置は、赤外線カメラ装置のような撮影用途の他、計測、通信、生体認証など、様々な用途で用いられている。 Optical devices using infrared light are used in various applications such as measurement, communication, and biometric authentication in addition to photographing applications such as infrared camera devices.
このような光学装置は、一般に赤外光発光部および／または赤外光受光部を有している。さらに、該光学装置は、これら発光部や受光部に入射する可視光等の不要光を低減する目的と、これら発光部からの赤外光を外部に出射するためや外部からの赤外光を受光部に受信させるために設けられた筐体の開口部を不可視にする目的で、赤外光のみを透過させる赤外光透過フィルタが設けられる場合がある。また、一般に赤外光透過フィルタは、可視光を遮断するため、フィルタ部分が黒色等の暗色のものが多い。 Such an optical device generally has an infrared light emitting part and / or an infrared light receiving part. Furthermore, the optical device has the purpose of reducing unnecessary light such as visible light incident on the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit, and for emitting infrared light from the light emitting unit to the outside or for receiving infrared light from the outside. An infrared light transmission filter that transmits only infrared light may be provided for the purpose of making an opening of a housing provided for receiving by the light receiving unit invisible. In general, in many infrared light transmitting filters, the filter portion has a dark color such as black in order to block visible light.
しかし、意匠性を高める等の目的で、特定色の赤外光透過フィルタが所望される場合がある。例えば、携帯端末や車にセンサカメラとして設けられる光学装置を考えた場合、筐体に設けられる赤外センサ用の開口部が目立たないように、開口部に配される赤外光透過フィルタの色味を筐体色（ボディカラー）に合わせたいといった要望がある。携帯端末や車のボディカラーは多種に渡るため、多様な色味を容易に実現できる赤外光透過フィルタが所望されている。 However, an infrared light transmission filter of a specific color may be desired for the purpose of improving design properties. For example, when considering an optical device provided as a sensor camera in a mobile terminal or a car, the color of the infrared light transmission filter disposed in the opening so that the opening for the infrared sensor provided in the housing is not conspicuous There is a demand to match the taste with the housing color (body color). Since there are a wide variety of body colors of portable terminals and cars, an infrared light transmission filter that can easily realize various colors is desired.
暗色以外の赤外光透過フィルタとして、例えば、特許文献１、２に記載の白色の赤外光透過フィルタがある。特許文献１に記載されている赤外光透過フィルタは、半透明の拡散部と、赤外光を透過するとともに可視光を反射するミラーとを備えることにより、白色の赤外光透過フィルタを実現している。 Examples of infrared light transmission filters other than dark colors include white infrared light transmission filters described in Patent Documents 1 and 2. The infrared light transmission filter described in Patent Document 1 includes a translucent diffusion portion and a mirror that transmits infrared light and reflects visible light, thereby realizing a white infrared light transmission filter. doing.
また、特許文献２に記載されている赤外線透過フィルタは、透明なバインダー中に、該バインダーとは異なる屈折率の微粒子を均一に分散させて、赤外域の透過率を大きくしつつ、可視域で散乱を大きくすることにより、白色の赤外線透過フィルタを実現している。 In addition, the infrared transmission filter described in Patent Document 2 uniformly disperses fine particles having a refractive index different from that of the binder in a transparent binder to increase the transmittance in the infrared region, while in the visible region. A white infrared transmission filter is realized by increasing the scattering.
また、白色以外の色味を実現する赤外光透過フィルタの例が、特許文献３、４に記載されている。特許文献３に記載されている赤外光透過フィルタは、可視光を反射し、赤外光を透過する誘電体多層膜の第１の側（視認側）に、可視光を散乱させるための散乱部（凹凸面やコレステリック相液晶層など）を設けることにより、赤外光を透過させつつ、可視光を遮断するだけでなく、その可視光を反射散乱させることにより、第１の側から見ると可視光の受光領域が黒色以外の色（例えば、白色や緑色や橙色等）に着色されたように観察される赤外線透過フィルタを実現している。 Also, Patent Documents 3 and 4 describe examples of infrared light transmission filters that realize colors other than white. The infrared light transmission filter described in Patent Document 3 is a scatter for scattering visible light on the first side (viewing side) of a dielectric multilayer film that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light. When viewed from the first side by not only blocking visible light while allowing infrared light to pass through, but also reflecting and scattering the visible light by providing a portion (such as an uneven surface or a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer) An infrared transmission filter is realized in which a visible light receiving region is observed to be colored in a color other than black (for example, white, green, orange, etc.).
また、特許文献４に記載されている赤外光透過フィルタは、基材の一方の面上に、赤外光を透過させるとともに可視光を反射および透過させる誘電体多層膜を備え、該誘電体多層膜から反射された可視光によって任意の外観色を実現している。さらに、特許文献４には、基材の一方の面を梨地状に加工し、その上に誘電体多層膜を備えることにより、反射光に散乱成分を持たせて外観色に真珠調の質感を付与する（反射色の発色を良くする）構成や、誘電体多層膜の機器内面側に赤外光を透過しかつ可視光の透過を阻止する赤外透過黒色印刷層９１を設ける構成等も記載されている。 In addition, the infrared light transmission filter described in Patent Document 4 includes a dielectric multilayer film that transmits infrared light and reflects and transmits visible light on one surface of a base material. Arbitrary appearance colors are realized by visible light reflected from the multilayer film. Further, in Patent Document 4, one surface of a base material is processed into a satin-like shape, and a dielectric multilayer film is provided thereon, so that the reflected light has a scattering component to give the appearance color a pearly texture. Also described is a configuration for imparting (improving the color of the reflected color) and a configuration in which an infrared transmitting black print layer 91 that transmits infrared light and blocks visible light transmission is provided on the inner surface of the dielectric multilayer film. Has been.
また、特許文献５には、背景が見えるのを防止するために、ミラーコート層の上に、可視光の一部を吸収し、赤外光を透過する色材層を設けた構成の赤外光透過フィルタが記載されている。 Further, in Patent Document 5, in order to prevent the background from being visible, an infrared having a configuration in which a color material layer that absorbs part of visible light and transmits infrared light is provided on a mirror coat layer. A light transmissive filter is described.
しかし、特許文献１、２に記載された方法は、意匠性を高めるために可視光の散乱性を高めようとすると赤外光の送受信部感度が低くなってしまうという問題がある。具体的には、特許文献１や特許文献２に記載された方法は、赤外光に対する透過率を大きくできたとしても、赤外光に対しても散乱能が働いてしまうため、赤外光のヘイズを小さくできないという問題がある。換言すると、赤外光の直進透過率が十分でないという問題がある。 However, the methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a problem that the sensitivity of the infrared light transmitting / receiving section is lowered when an attempt is made to increase the scattering property of visible light in order to improve the design. Specifically, since the methods described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can increase the transmittance with respect to infrared light, the scattering ability also works with infrared light. There is a problem that the haze cannot be reduced. In other words, there is a problem that the straight-line transmittance of infrared light is not sufficient.
入射する赤外光の光量に対して直進する光の光量が少ない場合、その分、反射・吸収・散乱によるロスが多く発生していることになる。そのような場合、例えば、赤外線カメラのように受光素子と組み合わせた場合に、画像が暗くなったり、像がぼけるなどの解像度低下の原因となり、装置として所望の感度・特性が得られないといった問題がある。 When the amount of light that travels straight relative to the amount of incident infrared light is small, the loss due to reflection / absorption / scattering is increased accordingly. In such a case, for example, when combined with a light receiving element such as an infrared camera, the image may become darker or the resolution may be degraded, such as blurring, and the desired sensitivity and characteristics cannot be obtained as a device. There is.
なお、特許文献３に記載された方法によれば、赤外光の直進透過率を十分に保ちつつ、可視光の反射散乱性が高い赤外線透過フィルタを実現できる。しかし、誘電体多層膜の反射光だけで様々な色味を実現しようとすると、色味毎に、誘電体多層膜を設計し直さなければならず、容易ではない。また、可視光の反射散乱性が低い波長域の透過を防ぐ対策が必要となる。 In addition, according to the method described in Patent Document 3, it is possible to realize an infrared transmission filter having high visible light reflection / scattering properties while sufficiently maintaining the straight-line transmittance of infrared light. However, if various colors are to be realized only by the reflected light of the dielectric multilayer film, the dielectric multilayer film must be redesigned for each color, which is not easy. In addition, it is necessary to take measures to prevent transmission in a wavelength region where the reflection / scattering property of visible light is low.
特許文献４、５に記載された方法も誘電体多層膜の反射光だけで色味を実現する構成という点で、特許文献３と同様の問題が生じる。また、誘電体多層膜の鏡面反射色を視認する場合、色味が視野角により異なるといった問題が生じる。なお、特許文献４には、フィルタ特性の向上のため（すなわち、背景を見えなくするために）、可視光の入射側からみて誘電体多層膜の背面側に可視光の透過を防ぐ赤外透過黒色印刷層９１を設ける構成が記載されているが、あくまで質感の付与や発色の向上のためであり、それによって色の再現範囲が変化するものではない。なお、特許文献５に記載の色材層もその点同様である。 The methods described in Patent Documents 4 and 5 also have the same problem as Patent Document 3 in that the color is realized only by the reflected light of the dielectric multilayer film. Moreover, when visually recognizing the specular reflection color of the dielectric multilayer film, there arises a problem that the color varies depending on the viewing angle. Note that Patent Document 4 discloses infrared transmission that prevents transmission of visible light on the back side of the dielectric multilayer film as viewed from the incident side of visible light, in order to improve filter characteristics (that is, to make the background invisible). Although a configuration in which the black print layer 91 is provided is described, it is merely for the purpose of imparting texture and improving color development, and the color reproduction range does not change thereby. The color material layer described in Patent Document 5 is the same as that point.
本発明は、上記課題に鑑みて、意匠性と赤外光に対する高い直進透過性とを維持しつつ、複雑な設計を伴わずに色再現範囲の広い光学装置およびそのための光学部材の提供を目的とする。また、本発明は、簡易な設計で、可視光のうち所望の色味を発現する特定波長の光にのみ反射散乱性が高く、かつ赤外光の直進透過性が高い光学部材の提供を目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide an optical device having a wide color reproduction range without complicated design, and an optical member therefor, while maintaining the design and high linear transmission with respect to infrared light. And Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical member that has a simple design, has high reflection / scattering properties only for light of a specific wavelength that expresses a desired color of visible light, and has high straight transmission of infrared light. And
本発明による光学部材は、可視域の少なくとも一部の波長帯域の光であって特定の色に対応する特定波長の光を反射散乱し、前記特定波長以外の光を吸収し、かつ赤外域の少なくとも一部の波長帯域の光を透過する吸収反射散乱部を備え、赤外域の少なくとも前記一部の波長帯域の光に対する直進透過率が７５％以上であり、可視光が入射すると、前記特定の色に着色されているように観察されることを特徴とする。 The optical member according to the present invention reflects and scatters light of a specific wavelength corresponding to a specific color, which is light in at least a part of the wavelength band of the visible region, absorbs light other than the specific wavelength, and in the infrared region An absorption-reflection scatter part that transmits light in at least a part of the wavelength band; and a linear transmittance for light in at least the part of the wavelength band in the infrared region is 75% or more; It is characterized by being observed as colored.
また、本発明による光学装置は、赤外域の一部の波長帯域の光を発光する発光部、または、赤外域の一部の波長帯域の光を受光する受光部と、前記発光部または前記受光部を囲う筐体と、前記筐体の開口部に設けられる赤外光透過フィルタとを備え、前記赤外光透過フィルタが、上記の光学部材であることを特徴とする。 The optical device according to the present invention includes a light emitting unit that emits light in a partial wavelength band in the infrared region, a light receiving unit that receives light in a partial wavelength band in the infrared region, and the light emitting unit or the light receiving unit. And an infrared light transmission filter provided in an opening of the housing, and the infrared light transmission filter is the optical member described above.
本発明によれば、簡易な設計で、可視光のうち所望の色味を発現する特定波長の光にのみ反射散乱性が高く、かつ赤外光の直進透過性が高い光学部材を提供できる。また、本発明によれば、意匠性と赤外光に対する高い直進透過性を維持しつつ、複雑な設計を伴わずに色再現範囲の広い光学装置を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical member with a simple design, which has high reflection / scattering property only for light of a specific wavelength that expresses a desired color among visible light, and has high straight transmission of infrared light. In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical device having a wide color reproduction range without complicated design while maintaining designability and high straight transmission with respect to infrared light.
実施形態１．
次に、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態について説明する。図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態にかかる光学部材１０の例を示す構成図である。図１に示す光学部材１０は、赤外光を用いる光学装置等において、観察者に対して特定の色味を発現しつつ、装置内部に対しては、可視光を遮断し、かつ赤外光を透過する赤外光透過フィルタとして用いられる。光学部材１０は、赤外光を透過させつつ、可視光のうち特定波長の光のみを反射散乱させることにより、少なくとも視認側として定めた第１の側から見ると、可視光の受光領域が所定の色に着色されたように観察される。なお、観察される色は、単色に限らず、例えば、斑模様や迷彩のような領域毎に異なる複数の色の組合せを含む。ここで、第１の側とは、光学部材１０において赤外光の入射側もしくは出射側であるとともに可視光が入射する側のうち予め定めた一方の側である。また、本発明では、第１の側でない他方の側を、第２の側という。なお、以下では、第１の側を単に視認側と呼び、第２の側を単に反視認側と呼ぶ場合があるが、所望の色が観察される面（以下、単に観察面という）を第１の側に限定するものではない。例えば、第２の側も観察面となり得る。
Embodiment 1. FIG.
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an optical member 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The optical member 10 shown in FIG. 1 in an optical device or the like using infrared light expresses a specific color to an observer, blocks visible light from the inside of the device, and emits infrared light. It is used as an infrared light transmission filter that transmits light. The optical member 10 reflects and scatters only light having a specific wavelength among visible light while transmitting infrared light, so that a visible light receiving region is predetermined when viewed from at least the first side defined as the viewing side. Observed as colored in the color of. Note that the observed color is not limited to a single color, and includes, for example, a combination of a plurality of colors different for each region such as a spotted pattern or camouflage. Here, the first side is a predetermined one side of the incident side or the emission side of the infrared light and the incident side of the visible light in the optical member 10. In the present invention, the other side that is not the first side is referred to as a second side. In the following description, the first side may be simply referred to as the viewing side and the second side may be simply referred to as the anti-viewing side. However, a surface on which a desired color is observed (hereinafter simply referred to as an observation surface) It is not limited to the 1 side. For example, the second side can also be an observation surface.
図１に示す光学部材１０は、基材１４と、選択反射部１３と、散乱部１２と、特定可視光吸収部１５とを備えている。 The optical member 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a base material 14, a selective reflection unit 13, a scattering unit 12, and a specific visible light absorption unit 15.
基材１４は、赤外光に対して透過性を有する部材により構成されていればよい。なお、基材１４は、例えば、ガラスや樹脂等によって作製された基板であってもよい。また、光学部材１０が車等に設けられる場合には、基材１４は、石飛び等の衝撃に対して割れるのを防止するため、衝撃耐性を有する樹脂基板でもよい。 The base material 14 should just be comprised by the member which has a transmittance | permeability with respect to infrared light. The base material 14 may be a substrate made of, for example, glass or resin. Further, when the optical member 10 is provided in a car or the like, the base material 14 may be a resin substrate having impact resistance in order to prevent cracking against impacts such as flying stones.
選択反射部１３は、可視光を一定割合以上反射し、赤外光を一定割合以上透過する機能を有する。選択反射部１３の例としては、ダイクロイックミラーやコレステリック相液晶フィルムなどが挙げられる。より具体的には、選択反射部１３は、ダイクロイックミラーのミラー層に用いられるような誘電体多層膜や、コレステリック相液晶フィルムに用いられるようなコレステリック相液晶層といった反射部材を有していればよい。 The selective reflection unit 13 has a function of reflecting visible light at a certain rate or more and transmitting infrared light at a certain rate or more. Examples of the selective reflection unit 13 include a dichroic mirror and a cholesteric phase liquid crystal film. More specifically, if the selective reflection portion 13 has a reflective member such as a dielectric multilayer film used for a mirror layer of a dichroic mirror or a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer used for a cholesteric phase liquid crystal film. Good.
散乱部１２は、可視光に対して、散乱能を発現させる機能を有する。なお、散乱部１２は、可視光に対して、赤外光よりも高い散乱能を発現する機能を有しているのが好ましい。そのような散乱能を発現させる機能の実現例としては、任意の媒質界面（特に反射部材）に設けられる凹凸面や、微粒子を含有した樹脂によって形成される層である微粒子含有樹脂層や、回折構造等が挙げられる。 The scattering unit 12 has a function of expressing scattering ability with respect to visible light. In addition, it is preferable that the scattering part 12 has a function which expresses higher scattering power than visible light with respect to visible light. Examples of realization of such a function that exhibits scattering ability include an uneven surface provided at an arbitrary medium interface (particularly a reflecting member), a fine particle-containing resin layer that is a layer formed of a resin containing fine particles, diffraction, Examples include the structure.
例えば、散乱部１２が任意の媒質界面に形成される凹凸面である場合、該凹凸面での反射および屈折現象を利用して可視光を散乱させられる。特に、散乱部１２が反射部材に設けられた凹凸面である場合、反射は屈折などに比べて光線の偏向量が大きいため、可視光の散乱を大きくできる。また、例えば、散乱部１２が回折構造である場合、回折構造での回折現象を利用して可視光を散乱させられる。また、例えば、散乱部１２が微粒子含有樹脂層である場合、バインダーである樹脂層内における微粒子との界面での屈折現象を主に利用して可視光を散乱させられる。 For example, when the scattering portion 12 is an uneven surface formed at an arbitrary medium interface, visible light can be scattered using reflection and refraction phenomena on the uneven surface. In particular, when the scattering portion 12 is a concavo-convex surface provided on the reflecting member, the amount of deflection of light rays is larger than that of refraction, so that the scattering of visible light can be increased. For example, when the scattering unit 12 has a diffractive structure, visible light can be scattered using a diffraction phenomenon in the diffractive structure. For example, when the scattering portion 12 is a fine particle-containing resin layer, visible light can be scattered mainly using a refraction phenomenon at the interface with the fine particles in the resin layer as a binder.
本発明において、可視光を、波長４００ｎｍ〜７５０ｎｍの光としてもよい。また、赤外光を、波長８００ｎｍ以上の光としてもよい。なお、反射散乱させたい可視域（色味）や、赤外センサの検出帯域等が決まっている場合などには、可視光、赤外光ともに上記範囲内において、さらに対象波長帯を限定してもよい。ただし、可視光については対象波長帯を特に限定しなくても後述する特定可視光吸収部１５により色味を調整できる。以下、とくにことわりがなく説明する場合、可視域は波長４００ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍであり、赤外域は近赤外領域とされる波長７８０ｎｍ〜２０００ｎｍ、特に波長８００ｎｍ〜１０００ｎｍであり、可視光は該可視域の光であり、赤外光は該赤外域の光であるものとする。 In the present invention, the visible light may be light having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm. The infrared light may be light having a wavelength of 800 nm or more. In addition, when the visible region (color) to be reflected and scattered, the detection band of the infrared sensor, etc. are determined, the target wavelength band is further limited within the above range for both visible light and infrared light. Also good. However, for visible light, the color can be adjusted by the specific visible light absorbing unit 15 described later without particularly limiting the target wavelength band. In the following description, the visible region is a wavelength of 400 nm to 780 nm, the infrared region is a near infrared region, a wavelength of 780 nm to 2000 nm, particularly a wavelength of 800 nm to 1000 nm, and visible light is in the visible region. It is light, and infrared light is light in the infrared region.
図１では、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２とが異なる部材により構成され、かつ接しているように示されているが、例えば、選択反射部１３を構成している部材の一部が散乱部１２（例えば、凹凸面や回折構造等）を構成していてもよい。すなわち、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２とは、例えば、同一部材によって一体形成されていてもよい。また、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２との間に別の機能層が設けられるなど、これらは接していなくてもよい。 In FIG. 1, the selective reflection unit 13 and the scattering unit 12 are illustrated as being configured by and in contact with different members. For example, a part of the members that configure the selective reflection unit 13 is the scattering unit. 12 (for example, an uneven surface or a diffractive structure) may be formed. That is, the selective reflection part 13 and the scattering part 12 may be integrally formed by the same member, for example. Moreover, these do not need to contact | connect, for example, another functional layer is provided between the selective reflection part 13 and the scattering part 12. FIG.
なお、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２とが接していない場合、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２の間の距離は短い方が好ましい。特に、散乱部１２が回折構造によって実現される場合、該距離は３μｍ以下が好ましい。両者の距離が離れ過ぎると、可視光の反射光の位相項の係数が後述する２Δｎｄ／λからずれてしまうため、好ましくない。 In addition, when the selective reflection part 13 and the scattering part 12 are not in contact, it is preferable that the distance between the selective reflection part 13 and the scattering part 12 is short. In particular, when the scattering portion 12 is realized by a diffractive structure, the distance is preferably 3 μm or less. If the distance between the two is too large, the coefficient of the phase term of the reflected light of visible light deviates from 2Δnd / λ described later, which is not preferable.
本実施形態において、散乱部１２は、選択反射部１３の視認側（少なくとも第１の側）に設けられていればよい。また、特定可視光吸収部１５は、散乱部１２の視認側に設けられていればよい。すなわち、選択反射部１３と散乱部１２と特定可視光吸収部１５とは、視認側から見て、特定可視光吸収部１５、散乱部１２、選択反射部１３の順に設けられていればよい。 In this embodiment, the scattering part 12 should just be provided in the visual recognition side (at least 1st side) of the selective reflection part 13. FIG. Moreover, the specific visible light absorption part 15 should just be provided in the visual recognition side of the scattering part 12. FIG. That is, the selective reflection unit 13, the scattering unit 12, and the specific visible light absorption unit 15 may be provided in the order of the specific visible light absorption unit 15, the scattering unit 12, and the selective reflection unit 13 when viewed from the viewing side.
特定可視光吸収部１５は、入射する可視光の一部であって、人間が所望の色味を認識するための特定波長の光吸収率がそれ以外の波長域の光吸収率に比べて低い。 The specific visible light absorption unit 15 is a part of incident visible light, and has a lower light absorption rate at a specific wavelength for a human to recognize a desired color than the light absorption rate at other wavelength ranges. .
特定可視光吸収部１５は、例えば、樹脂材料に着色材料を含有した着色樹脂材料であってもよい。樹脂材料としては、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）、シクロオレフィン（ＣＯＰ）などの熱可塑性樹脂や、ポリイミド（ＰＩ）、ポリエーテルイミド（ＰＥＩ）、ポリアミド（ＰＡ）、ポリアミドイミド（ＰＡＩ）等の熱硬化性樹脂、アクリルやエポキシなどのエネルギー線硬化性樹脂を用いることができる。 The specific visible light absorbing unit 15 may be, for example, a colored resin material containing a coloring material in a resin material. Resin materials include thermoplastic resins such as polycarbonate (PC) and cycloolefin (COP), and thermosetting resins such as polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyamide (PA), and polyamideimide (PAI). An energy ray curable resin such as acrylic or epoxy can be used.
熱硬化性樹脂やエネルギー線硬化性樹脂を用いる場合には、オリゴマーやモノマーなどの重合前駆体化合物（以下、重合性化合物とも呼ぶ）の段階で、着色材料を添加し、その後硬化すればよい。これらの中でも、成形性の観点から実質的に溶剤を含まない、エネルギー線硬化性樹脂が好ましく用いられる。エネルギー線硬化樹脂を用いることで、カバー基材を被せて硬化することが可能になるため、着色樹脂材料の表面の平坦度を高くすることができる。 In the case of using a thermosetting resin or an energy ray curable resin, a coloring material may be added at the stage of a polymerization precursor compound (hereinafter also referred to as a polymerizable compound) such as an oligomer or a monomer, and then cured. Among these, from the viewpoint of moldability, an energy ray-curable resin that does not substantially contain a solvent is preferably used. By using the energy ray curable resin, the cover base material can be covered and cured, so that the flatness of the surface of the colored resin material can be increased.
エネルギー線硬化樹脂としては、紫外線を照射することにより硬化する紫外線硬化樹脂等が挙げられる。このような重合性化合物としては、重合反応により硬化して硬化物となるような成分であれば、特に制限なく使用可能である。例えば、ラジカル重合型の硬化性樹脂、カチオン重合型の硬化性樹脂、ラジカル重合型の硬化性化合物（モノマー）が特に制限なく使用可能である。これらの中でも、重合速度や後述する成形性の観点から、ラジカル重合型の硬化性化合物（モノマー）が好ましい。ラジカル重合型の硬化性樹脂としては、（メタ）アクリロイルオキシ基、（メタ）アクリロイルアミノ基、（メタ）アクリロイル基、アリルオキシ基、アリル基、ビニル基、ビニルオキシ基等の炭素−炭素不飽和二重結合を有する基を有する樹脂等が挙げられる。 Examples of the energy ray curable resin include an ultraviolet curable resin that is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. Such a polymerizable compound can be used without particular limitation as long as it is a component that is cured by a polymerization reaction to form a cured product. For example, a radical polymerization type curable resin, a cationic polymerization type curable resin, and a radical polymerization type curable compound (monomer) can be used without particular limitation. Among these, a radical polymerization type curable compound (monomer) is preferable from the viewpoint of polymerization rate and moldability described later. Radical polymerization type curable resins include (meth) acryloyloxy groups, (meth) acryloylamino groups, (meth) acryloyl groups, allyloxy groups, allyl groups, vinyl groups, vinyloxy groups, etc. Examples thereof include a resin having a group having a bond.
紫外線硬化を行う場合は、光重合開始剤を用いることが好ましく、例えば、アセトフェノン類、ベンゾフェノン類、ベンゾイン類、ベンジル類、ベンゾインアルキルエーテル類、ベンジルジメチルケタール類およびチオキサントン類などから適宜選択される光重合開始剤が好ましく用いられる。光重合開始剤は、１種または２種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。光重合開始剤の量は、重合性組成物の全体量に対して０．０１質量％〜５質量％とすることが好ましく、０．１質量％〜２質量％とすることが特に好ましい。本実施の形態においては、重合性化合物は、特に限定されるものではないが、エトキシ化o-フェニルフェノールアクリレート、メタクリル酸２‐(パーフルオロヘキシル)エチル、シクロヘキシル（メタ）アクリレート、イソボニル（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカン（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカンメタノール（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカンエタノール（メタ）アクリレート、１‐アダマンチルアクリレート、１‐アダマンチルメタノールアクリレート、１−アダマンチルエタノールアクリレート、２‐メチル‐２‐アダマンチルアクリレート、２‐エチル‐２‐アダマンチルアクリレート、２‐プロピル‐２‐アダマンチルアクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルアクリレートなどの単官能化合物や、９，９‐ビス[４‐(２‐アクリロイルオキシエトキシ)フェニル]フルオレン、ジエチレングリコールジ（メタ）アクリレート、１，３‐ブタンジオールジ（メタ）アクリレート、１，４‐ブタンジオールジ（メタ）アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ（メタ）アクリレート、イソボニルジ（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカンジ（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジ（メタ）アクリレート、トリシクロデカンジエタノールジ（メタ）アクリレート、アダマンタンジアクリレート、アダマンタンジメタノールジアクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレートなどの二官能化合物や、トリメチロールプロパントリ（メタ）アクリレートなどの三官能化合物、ペンタエリスルトールテトラ（メタ）アクリレートなどの四官能化合物、ジペンタエリスルトールヘキサ（メタ）アクリレートなどの六官能化合物等が挙げられる。 In the case of performing ultraviolet curing, it is preferable to use a photopolymerization initiator, for example, light appropriately selected from acetophenones, benzophenones, benzoins, benzyls, benzoin alkyl ethers, benzyldimethyl ketals, thioxanthones, and the like. A polymerization initiator is preferably used. A photoinitiator can be used 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. The amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.1% by mass to 2% by mass with respect to the total amount of the polymerizable composition. In the present embodiment, the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but ethoxylated o-phenylphenol acrylate, 2- (perfluorohexyl) ethyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, and isobonyl (meth). Acrylate, tricyclodecane (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane methanol (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane ethanol (meth) acrylate, 1-adamantyl acrylate, 1-adamantyl methanol acrylate, 1-adamantyl ethanol acrylate, 2-methyl-2 Monofunctional compounds such as 2-adamantyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 2-propyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, and 9,9-bis [4 (2-acryloyloxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate , Isobornyl di (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane di (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane dimethanol di (meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane diethanol di (meth) acrylate, adamantane diacrylate, adamantane dimethanol diacrylate, tricyclode Bifunctional compounds such as candimethanol diacrylate, trifunctional compounds such as trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and tetragonal such as pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate Active compounds, hexafunctional compounds such as dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, and the like.
重合性化合物は１種類または２種類以上を含んでいても構わない。単官能化合物のみを用いる場合は、成形後の離型時に凝集破壊を起こす場合があるので、二官能以上の多官能化合物を含むことが好ましい。重合性化合物組中における多官能化合物は１重量％以上９０重量％以下であることが好ましく、さらに１０重量％以上８０重量％以下であることが好ましい。多官能化合物の量が１重量％未満の場合は、凝集破壊を改善できる効果が不十分であり、９０重量％を超える場合には、重合後の収縮が大きく問題になる場合がある。 The polymerizable compound may contain one type or two or more types. When only a monofunctional compound is used, cohesive failure may occur at the time of mold release after molding. Therefore, it is preferable to include a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional compound. The polyfunctional compound in the polymerizable compound group is preferably 1% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less. When the amount of the polyfunctional compound is less than 1% by weight, the effect of improving the cohesive failure is insufficient, and when it exceeds 90% by weight, shrinkage after polymerization may be a serious problem.
また、上記の炭素−炭素不飽和二重結合を有する官能基以外にエポキシ基のような開環反応を起こす重合性化合物も用いることができる。このような化合物は重合収縮が小さいため、成形型により精密成形を可能にするだけでなく、反りを低減することができる。特に例示はしないが、この場合にも、単官能化合物のみでは、成形後の離型時に凝集破壊を起こす場合があるので、ニ官能以上の多官能化合物を含むことが好ましい。重合性化合物組中における多官能化合物は１重量％以上９０重量％以下であることが好ましく、さらに１０重量％以上８０重量％以下であることが好ましい。 Moreover, the polymeric compound which raise | generates a ring-opening reaction like an epoxy group other than said functional group which has a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond can also be used. Since such a compound has a small polymerization shrinkage, not only can precision molding be performed by a mold, but also warpage can be reduced. Although not specifically illustrated, in this case as well, since a monofunctional compound alone may cause cohesive failure at the time of mold release after molding, it is preferable to include a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional compound. The polyfunctional compound in the polymerizable compound group is preferably 1% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less.
着色材料は、上述した樹脂材料に溶解した染料であってもよいし、樹脂材料に分散した有機顔料であってもよい。耐久性や光沢感などの要求に応じ適宜選択することができる。 The coloring material may be a dye dissolved in the resin material described above or an organic pigment dispersed in the resin material. It can be appropriately selected according to demands such as durability and glossiness.
有機顔料としては、参考文献１（相原次郎、大倉研監修、「機能性顔料の技術と応用展開」，株式会社シーエムシー出版，２００４年９月，ｐ．２４６）に記載の顔料を適宜用いることができる。その際、観測される色味を調整する目的で、複数の顔料を樹脂材料に添加することができる。 As the organic pigment, the pigment described in Reference Document 1 (supervised by Jiro Aihara and Okura Laboratory, “Technology and Application of Functional Pigments”, CMC Publishing Co., Ltd., September 2004, p. 246) should be used as appropriate. Can do. At that time, a plurality of pigments can be added to the resin material for the purpose of adjusting the observed color.
ここでは赤緑青の３色について、着色材料を例示する。 Here, coloring materials are illustrated for three colors of red, green, and blue.
赤色着色材料としては、アントラセン系、ジケトピロロピロール系、キナクリドン系、アゾ（ビスアゾ）系、キサンテン系、ペリレン系、アントラキノン系などの着色材料を用いることができる。 As the red coloring material, coloring materials such as anthracene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, quinacridone, azo (bisazo), xanthene, perylene, and anthraquinone can be used.
ジケトピロロピロール系としては、pigment red 254、pigment red 255、pigment red 256、pigment red 270、pigment red 272、pigment orange 71、pigment orange 73等が挙げられる。キナクリドン系としては、pigment red 122、pigment red 202、pigment red 206、pigment red 207、pigment red 209、pigment orange 48、pigment orange 49等が挙げられる。アゾ（ビスアゾ）系としては、pigment red 17、pigment red 21、pigment red 22、pigment red 23、pigment red 31、pigment red 32、pigment red 37、pigment red 38、pigment red 60、pigment red 112、pigment red 114、pigment red 144、pigment red 146、pigment red 150、pigment red 166、pigment red 187、pigment red 188、pigment red 214、pigment red 220、pigment red 221、pigment red 253、pigment red 266、pigment red 268、pigment red 269などが挙げられる。キサンテン系としては、pigment red 81、pigment red 169等が挙げられる。ペリレン系としては、pigment red 123、pigment red 149、pigment red 178、pigment red 179、pigment red 190、pigment red 224、pigment red 242などが挙げられる。アントラキノン系としては、pigment red 168、pigment red 177、pigment red 216等が挙げられる。 Examples of the diketopyrrolopyrrole group include pigment red 254, pigment red 255, pigment red 256, pigment red 270, pigment red 272, pigment orange 71, pigment orange 73, and the like. Examples of the quinacridone series include pigment red 122, pigment red 202, pigment red 206, pigment red 207, pigment red 209, pigment orange 48, pigment orange 49, and the like. As azo (bisazo), pigment red 17, pigment red 21, pigment red 22, pigment red 23, pigment red 31, pigment red 32, pigment red 37, pigment red 38, pigment red 60, pigment red 112, pigment red 112 114, pigment red 144, pigment red 146, pigment red 150, pigment red 166, pigment red 187, pigment red 188, pigment red 214, pigment red 220, pigment red 221, pigment red 253, pigment red 266, pigment red 268, pigment red 269 and the like. Examples of xanthene compounds include pigment red 81 and pigment red 169. Examples of the perylene system include pigment red 123, pigment red 149, pigment red 178, pigment red 179, pigment red 190, pigment red 224, and pigment red 242. Examples of the anthraquinone group include pigment red 168, pigment red 177, and pigment red 216.
緑色着色材料としては、フタロシアニン系、ナフトキノン系、アントラセン系、トリアリールメタン系などを用いることができる。また、黄色着色材料と青色着色材料を配合することで緑色としてもよい。 As the green coloring material, phthalocyanine, naphthoquinone, anthracene, triarylmethane, and the like can be used. Moreover, it is good also as green by mix | blending a yellow coloring material and a blue coloring material.
フタロシアニン系としては、pigment green 7、pigment green 36、pigment green 58などが挙げられる。ナフトキノン系としては、pigment green 8等が挙げられる。アントラセン系としては、pigment green 47、pigment green 54等が挙げられる。トリアリールメタン系としては、pigment green 1、pigment green 4等が挙げられる。 Examples of the phthalocyanine series include pigment green 7, pigment green 36, and pigment green 58. Examples of the naphthoquinone type include pigment green 8. Examples of anthracene include pigment green 47 and pigment green 54. Examples of triarylmethanes include pigment green 1 and pigment green 4.
青色着色材料としては、トリアリールメタン系、フタロシアニン系、アントラキノン系などが挙げられる。 Examples of the blue coloring material include triarylmethane, phthalocyanine, and anthraquinone.
トリアリールメタン系としては、pigment blue 1、pigment blue 9、pigment blue 24、pigment blue 56、pigment blue 61などが挙げられる。フタロシアニン系としては、pigment blue 15、pigment blue 16などが挙げられる。アントラキノン系としては、pigment blue 60などが挙げられる。 Examples of triarylmethanes include pigment blue 1, pigment blue 9, pigment blue 24, pigment blue 56, and pigment blue 61. Examples of the phthalocyanine series include pigment blue 15 and pigment blue 16. Examples of the anthraquinone group include pigment blue 60.
顔料は、特定可視光吸収部１５での赤外光に対する散乱を抑制するため、ある一定以下の粒径であることが好ましい。参考文献２（Bruce M. Novak, "Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials - Between Inorganic Glasses and Organic Polymers", Advanced materials, vol.5 Issue.6, 1993, p.422）によると、顔料の体積分率をＶｐ［％］、光路長をχ［ｎｍ］、顔料の半径をｒ［ｎｍ］、波長をλ［ｎｍ］、顔料の屈折率をｎｐ、樹脂材料の屈折率をｎｍとした場合、透過率（Ｉ／ＩＯ）は以下の式（１）のように表される。 The pigment preferably has a particle size of a certain value or less in order to suppress scattering of infrared light in the specific visible light absorption unit 15. According to Reference 2 (Bruce M. Novak, "Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials-Between Inorganic Glasses and Organic Polymers", Advanced materials, vol.5 Issue.6, 1993, p.422), the volume fraction of pigment is Vp [% ], the optical path length chi [nm], the radius of the pigment r [nm], when the wavelength lambda [nm], the refractive index of the pigment n p, the refractive index of the resin material was n m, the transmittance (I / I O ) is expressed as in the following formula (1).
式（１）によると、例えば、Ｖｐ＝５％、χ＝１００００ｎｍ、λ＝９４０ｎｍ、ｎｐ＝１．７、ｎｍ＝１．５２と仮定すると、顔料の粒径（半径の２倍）と透過率の関係は以下の表１のようになる。 According to equation (1), for example, assuming Vp = 5%, χ = 10000 nm, λ = 940 nm, n p = 1.7, n m = 1.52, the particle size of the pigment (twice the radius) The relationship of transmittance is as shown in Table 1 below.
したがって、不必要な散乱を有さない光学部材１０を得るためには、顔料の粒径は５００ｎｍ以下が好ましく、４００ｎｍ以下がより好ましい。顔料等の粒子の粒径は、レーザ回折・散乱式の粒子径分布測定装置で測定することができる。なお、ここでいう粒径とは、メディアン径のことである。 Therefore, in order to obtain the optical member 10 having no unnecessary scattering, the particle diameter of the pigment is preferably 500 nm or less, and more preferably 400 nm or less. The particle diameter of particles such as pigment can be measured with a laser diffraction / scattering particle diameter distribution measuring apparatus. In addition, a particle size here is a median diameter.
特定可視光吸収部１５をなす着色樹脂材料の膜厚は特に制限ないが、散乱部１２が凹凸面によって実現される場合、該凹凸面のｓａｇが３〜２０μｍであると仮定し、該膜厚は、１０〜５０μｍが好ましい。これは、着色樹脂材料が１０μｍより薄い場合、凸部上の着色樹脂材料の厚みが薄くなるため、色ムラになるおそれがあるためである。また、着色樹脂材料が５０μｍより厚い場合、赤外領域において不必要な吸収や散乱が生じるおそれがあるため、好ましくない。 The thickness of the colored resin material forming the specific visible light absorbing portion 15 is not particularly limited, but when the scattering portion 12 is realized by an uneven surface, it is assumed that the sag of the uneven surface is 3 to 20 μm. Is preferably 10 to 50 μm. This is because when the colored resin material is thinner than 10 μm, the colored resin material on the convex portion is thin, and there is a risk of color unevenness. Further, when the colored resin material is thicker than 50 μm, unnecessary absorption or scattering may occur in the infrared region, which is not preferable.
樹脂材料中における着色材料の割合（含有率）は、添加する着色材料の重量あたりの吸収の大きさとバインダーとなる樹脂材料の厚みとに依存するが、通常１重量％から２０重量％である。１重量％より少ないと、所望の色が発現しないため好ましくない。また、２０重量％より多いと、着色材料自体の屈折率により着色樹脂材料の屈折率が影響を受ける。その結果、例えば、特定可視光吸収部１５と基材１４とに屈折率差が生じて、赤外光の直進透過率が低下するおそれがあるため好ましくない。 Although the ratio (content rate) of the coloring material in the resin material depends on the amount of absorption per weight of the coloring material to be added and the thickness of the resin material serving as the binder, it is usually 1 to 20% by weight. If it is less than 1% by weight, the desired color is not exhibited, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it is more than 20% by weight, the refractive index of the colored resin material is affected by the refractive index of the colored material itself. As a result, for example, a difference in refractive index occurs between the specific visible light absorbing portion 15 and the base material 14, which may reduce the straight-line transmittance of infrared light.
以下、散乱部１２と選択反射部１３と特定可視光吸収部１５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部１１という場合がある。この場合、吸収反射散乱部１１は、可視光のうち特定波長の光を一定割合以上反射散乱させ、かつ可視光のうち特定波長以外の光を一定割合以上かつ特定波長の光よりも多く吸収し、かつ赤外光を一定割合以上直進透過させる機能を有する。 Hereinafter, the scattering unit 12, the selective reflection unit 13, and the specific visible light absorption unit 15 may be collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering unit 11. In this case, the absorption reflection scattering unit 11 reflects and scatters light having a specific wavelength in the visible light at a certain ratio or more, and absorbs light other than the specific wavelength in the visible light at a certain ratio or more than the light having the specific wavelength. And has a function of transmitting infrared light in a straight line at a certain rate or more.
図１に示す例では、可視光１０２は、光学部材１０の第１の側から＋ｚ方向で光学部材１０に入射する。一方、赤外光は、光学部材１０の第１の側から＋ｚ方向で光学部材１０に入射してもよいし、第２の側から−ｚ方向で入射してもよい。なお、図中の赤外光１０１ａは前者の例であり、赤外光１０１ｂは後者の例である。 In the example shown in FIG. 1, the visible light 102 enters the optical member 10 in the + z direction from the first side of the optical member 10. On the other hand, infrared light may be incident on the optical member 10 in the + z direction from the first side of the optical member 10 or may be incident in the −z direction from the second side. In the figure, the infrared light 101a is the former example, and the infrared light 101b is the latter example.
例えば、光学部材１０に可視光１０２が入射すると、その一部が特定可視光吸収部１５で吸収され、残った光が散乱部１２および選択反射部１３によって反射散乱される。このとき、可視光１０２のうち特定可視光吸収部１５の吸収帯とされた波長以外の光（上記の特定波長の光）の多くの成分は、特定可視光吸収部１５で吸収されることなく、散乱部１２および選択反射部１３によって反射散乱される。一方、可視光１０２のうち特定可視光吸収部１５の吸収帯とされた波長の光は、その多くの成分が、入射した際と反射後の２回にわたって特定可視光吸収部１５で吸収される。このため、光学部材１０は、少なくとも第１の側から見ると、特定可視光吸収部１５の吸収特性に応じて特定の色に着色して見える。図１の矢印１０２１は、入射した可視光１０２のうち、特定可視光吸収部１５で吸収されずに反射散乱されて出射する特定波長の光を表している。 For example, when the visible light 102 is incident on the optical member 10, a part of the visible light 102 is absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15, and the remaining light is reflected and scattered by the scattering unit 12 and the selective reflection unit 13. At this time, many components of light (light with the above-mentioned specific wavelength) other than the wavelength that is the absorption band of the specific visible light absorption unit 15 in the visible light 102 are not absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15. The light is reflected and scattered by the scattering part 12 and the selective reflection part 13. On the other hand, in the visible light 102, the light having the wavelength set as the absorption band of the specific visible light absorption unit 15 is absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15 at the time of incidence and twice after reflection. . For this reason, when viewed from at least the first side, the optical member 10 appears to be colored in a specific color according to the absorption characteristics of the specific visible light absorber 15. An arrow 1021 in FIG. 1 represents light of a specific wavelength that is reflected and scattered without being absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15 out of the incident visible light 102.
また、光学部材１０に赤外光１０１ａが入射すると、該赤外光１０１ａは特定可視光吸収部１５で一部吸収されたり散乱部１２で一部散乱されるが、多くの成分は直進透過して、そのまま選択反射部１３を透過する。また、光学部材１０に赤外光１０１ｂが入射すると、該赤外光１０１ｂは選択反射部１３を透過した後、散乱部１２で一部散乱されたり特定可視光吸収部１５で一部吸収されるが、多くの成分は散乱部１２を直進透過する。 Further, when the infrared light 101a is incident on the optical member 10, the infrared light 101a is partially absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15 or partially scattered by the scattering unit 12, but many components pass straight through. Then, it passes through the selective reflection portion 13 as it is. Further, when the infrared light 101 b is incident on the optical member 10, the infrared light 101 b is transmitted through the selective reflection unit 13 and then partially scattered by the scattering unit 12 or partially absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15. However, many components pass straight through the scattering portion 12.
このように、可視光１０２のうち特定波長以外の光は、特定可視光吸収部１５でその多くが吸収され、可視光１０２のうち特定波長の光１０２１は、特定可視光吸収部１５および散乱部１２を透過して選択反射部１３に反射される。このとき、特定波長の光１０２１が、散乱部１２を二回通る場合があるのに対して、赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂは散乱部１２を１回しか通らない。したがって、光学部材１０は、可視光１０２のうち特定波長以外の光を吸収しつつ、赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂに比べて可視光１０２のうち反射光となって出射される特定波長の光１０２１に対する散乱を大きくできる。また、後述するように散乱部１２として選択反射部１３の凹凸面を用いる場合、該凹凸面を利用して大きな散乱が得られる。これは、可視光１０２（特に、特定波長の光１０２１）に比べて赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂに対する散乱を小さくできることと同意である。したがって、光学部材１０は、可視光１０２のうち特定波長以外の光を吸収し、かつ特定波長の光１０２１を散乱反射させつつ、赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂをより多く直進透過させることができる。 As described above, most of the visible light 102 other than the specific wavelength is absorbed by the specific visible light absorption unit 15, and the specific wavelength light 1021 of the visible light 102 is the specific visible light absorption unit 15 and the scattering unit. 12 is reflected by the selective reflection portion 13. At this time, the light 1021 having a specific wavelength may pass through the scattering portion 12 twice, whereas the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b pass through the scattering portion 12 only once. Therefore, the optical member 10 absorbs light other than the specific wavelength in the visible light 102, and has a specific wavelength emitted as reflected light in the visible light 102 compared to the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b. Scattering for the light 1021 can be increased. Moreover, when the uneven surface of the selective reflection part 13 is used as the scattering part 12 as will be described later, large scattering can be obtained using the uneven surface. This agrees that the scattering of the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b can be made smaller than that of the visible light 102 (particularly, the light 1021 having a specific wavelength). Therefore, the optical member 10 absorbs light other than the specific wavelength in the visible light 102 and scatters and reflects the light 1021 having the specific wavelength, and allows the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b to pass more straightly. it can.
なお、図２（ａ）に示すように、光学部材１０は、吸収反射散乱部１１が２つの基材１４（基材１４ａ、１４ｂ）に挟持される構成であってもよい。また、図２（ｂ）に示すように、第２の側（図中の−ｚ方向）からも可視光が入射する場合には、選択反射部１３の両側に散乱部１２（散乱部１２ａ、１２ｂ）が設けられ、それらの外側にそれぞれ特定可視光吸収部１５（特定可視光吸収部１５ａ、１５ｂ）が設けられていてもよい。そのような場合、第１の側および第２の側のいずれも視認側であるとして、第１の側および第２の側のそれぞれから見て、特定可視光吸収部１５、散乱部１２、選択反射部１３の順に設けられればよい。このとき、特定可視光吸収部１５が基材１４の代わりを担ってもよい。 In addition, as shown to Fig.2 (a), the structure by which the optical member 10 is clamped by the two base materials 14 (base material 14a, 14b) may be sufficient as the absorption reflection scattering part 11. FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, when visible light is also incident from the second side (the −z direction in the figure), the scattering parts 12 (scattering parts 12a, 12a, 12b), and the specific visible light absorbing portions 15 (specific visible light absorbing portions 15a and 15b) may be provided outside them. In such a case, it is assumed that both the first side and the second side are the viewing side, and the specific visible light absorbing unit 15 and the scattering unit 12 are selected as viewed from the first side and the second side, respectively. What is necessary is just to provide in order of the reflection part 13. FIG. At this time, the specific visible light absorbing portion 15 may take the place of the base material 14.
以下、光学部材１０のより具体的な構成例をいくつか説明する。 Hereinafter, some more specific configuration examples of the optical member 10 will be described.
まず、選択反射部１３の凹凸面を利用して散乱部１２を実現する例を説明する。図３（ａ）は、選択反射部の凹凸面を利用して散乱部１２を実現する光学部材３０の構成例を示す模式断面図である。また、図３（ｂ）は、図３（ａ）に示す光学部材３０の要部の分解断面図である。図３に示す光学部材３０は、基材３４と、選択反射膜３３と、着色樹脂材料層３５とを備える。本例の選択反射膜３３の少なくとも第１の側には凹凸面３３１が形成されている。また、選択反射膜３３に接する２つの部材、すなわち基材３４および着色樹脂材料層３５の選択反射膜３３側の面にも、互いに略嵌合する形状の凹凸面３５１、３４１が形成されている。 First, the example which implement | achieves the scattering part 12 using the uneven surface of the selective reflection part 13 is demonstrated. FIG. 3A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the optical member 30 that realizes the scattering portion 12 by using the uneven surface of the selective reflection portion. FIG. 3B is an exploded cross-sectional view of the main part of the optical member 30 shown in FIG. The optical member 30 shown in FIG. 3 includes a base material 34, a selective reflection film 33, and a colored resin material layer 35. An uneven surface 331 is formed on at least the first side of the selective reflection film 33 of this example. Also, two members in contact with the selective reflection film 33, that is, the surfaces of the base material 34 and the colored resin material layer 35 on the selective reflection film 33 side are formed with uneven surfaces 351 and 341 having shapes that are substantially fitted to each other. .
本例では、選択反射膜３３が選択反射部１３に相当する。また、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１が散乱部１２に相当する。また、着色樹脂材料層３５が特定可視光吸収部１５に相当する。なお、本例では、凹凸面３３１を有する選択反射膜３３と着色樹脂材料層３５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部３１と呼ぶ。また、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１と接する部材であって、対向側に平坦な面を有する部材を凹凸充填部材とも呼ぶ。図３に示す例では、基材３４と着色樹脂材料層３５とが凹凸充填部材に相当する。 In this example, the selective reflection film 33 corresponds to the selective reflection unit 13. Further, the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 corresponds to the scattering portion 12. Further, the colored resin material layer 35 corresponds to the specific visible light absorber 15. In this example, the selective reflection film 33 having the uneven surface 331 and the colored resin material layer 35 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 31. Further, a member that is in contact with the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 and has a flat surface on the opposite side is also referred to as an uneven filling member. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the base material 34 and the colored resin material layer 35 correspond to an uneven filling member.
選択反射膜３３は、可視光を一定割合以上反射し、赤外光を一定割合以上透過するように構成されていればよい。選択反射膜３３は、例えば、誘電体多層膜やコレステリック相液晶フィルム等が挙げられる。 The selective reflection film 33 may be configured to reflect visible light at a certain rate or more and transmit infrared light at a certain rate or more. Examples of the selective reflection film 33 include a dielectric multilayer film and a cholesteric phase liquid crystal film.
選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１は、例えば、基材３４の表面に凹凸構造３４２を形成して得られる凹凸面３４１上に、略均一な膜厚ｈで選択反射膜３３（誘電体多層膜等）を成膜（積層）することによって得られる。すなわち、該凹凸面３３１は、基材３４の凹凸面３４１にならって形成されてもよい。 The concavo-convex surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 is formed on the concavo-convex surface 341 obtained by forming the concavo-convex structure 342 on the surface of the base material 34, for example, with a substantially uniform film thickness h (dielectric multilayer film or the like). ) Is formed (laminated). That is, the uneven surface 331 may be formed following the uneven surface 341 of the substrate 34.
さらに、本例では、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１上に、対向表面（視認側表面）が略平坦な着色樹脂材料層３５を備える。また、着色樹脂材料層３５の選択反射膜３３側の表面には、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１（さらには基材３４の凹凸面３４１）と嵌合する形状の凹凸構造３５２が形成されている（図３（ｂ）中の斜線網かけ部分参照）。そのような着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸構造３５２は、例えば、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の凹部に着色樹脂材料層３５の材料である着色樹脂材料を充填させることで形成できる。 Furthermore, in this example, a colored resin material layer 35 having a substantially flat opposing surface (viewing side surface) is provided on the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33. In addition, on the surface of the colored resin material layer 35 on the selective reflection film 33 side, an uneven structure 352 having a shape that fits with the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 (and the uneven surface 341 of the base material 34) is formed. (See the shaded area in FIG. 3B). Such a concavo-convex structure 352 of the colored resin material layer 35 can be formed, for example, by filling a concave portion of the concavo-convex surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 with a colored resin material that is a material of the colored resin material layer 35.
ここで、基材３４と選択反射膜３３と着色樹脂材料層３５の積層状態としては、隙間が無い状態で近接して配されていればよい。具体的には、これらが互いに直接接している場合だけでなく、例えば、間に数十μｍ以内（１００μｍ以内）の膜厚の接着層や他の機能層として働く薄膜を含むなど間接的に接している場合も含む。なお、薄膜の機能は特に限定されない。以下、このような膜厚の合計が１００μｍ以内で間接的に接している場合も含めて、単に「接している」と表現する場合がある。 Here, as a laminated state of the base material 34, the selective reflection film 33, and the colored resin material layer 35, it is sufficient that they are arranged close to each other without a gap. Specifically, in addition to the case where they are in direct contact with each other, for example, an adhesive layer having a film thickness within a few tens of μm (within 100 μm) or a thin film acting as another functional layer is included. This includes cases where The function of the thin film is not particularly limited. Hereinafter, it may be simply expressed as “in contact”, including the case where the total film thickness is in indirect contact within 100 μm.
基材３４は、上述した基材１４と同様である。また、着色樹脂材料層３５は、上述した特定可視光吸収部１４の機能を有していればよい。すなわち、着色樹脂材料層３５は、赤外光に対して高い透過性を有するとともに、人間が所望の色味を認識するための特定波長の光吸収率がそれ以外の波長域の光吸収率よりも低くなるような機能（吸収帯）、すなわち光吸収係数の波長依存性を有していればよい。なお、着色樹脂材料層３５の吸収帯波長は、含有させる顔料等で適宜調整可能である。 The base material 34 is the same as the base material 14 described above. Moreover, the colored resin material layer 35 should just have the function of the specific visible light absorption part 14 mentioned above. That is, the colored resin material layer 35 has high transparency to infrared light, and the light absorptance of a specific wavelength for a human to recognize a desired color is higher than the light absorptance of other wavelength regions. As long as it has a function (absorption band) that lowers, that is, the wavelength dependence of the light absorption coefficient. In addition, the absorption band wavelength of the colored resin material layer 35 can be appropriately adjusted depending on the pigment to be contained.
図３に示す例において、基材３４と着色樹脂材料層３５は、少なくとも赤外域の対象波長帯において、略一致した屈折率を有する。ここで、屈折率が略一致する状態として、対象波長帯における２つの材料の屈折率差またはその平均値は、０．０５以下が好ましく、０．０３以下がより好ましく、０．０１以下がさらに好ましく、０．００５以下が特に好ましい。このとき、着色樹脂材料層の屈折率としては平均屈折率を用いてもよいし、着色樹脂材料層に使用した樹脂材料の屈折率を用いることもできる。以下、屈折率の一致性について上記と同様とする。 In the example shown in FIG. 3, the base material 34 and the colored resin material layer 35 have substantially the same refractive index at least in the target wavelength band in the infrared region. Here, as a state in which the refractive indexes substantially coincide, the refractive index difference between the two materials in the target wavelength band or the average value thereof is preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.03 or less, and further 0.01 or less. Preferably, 0.005 or less is particularly preferable. At this time, the average refractive index may be used as the refractive index of the colored resin material layer, or the refractive index of the resin material used for the colored resin material layer may be used. Hereinafter, the refractive index coincidence is the same as described above.
このような構成により、可視光１０２のうちの特定波長の光１０２１に対して、選択反射膜３３の傾斜した反射面（凹凸面３３１）を利用して大きい反射散乱を発現できるとともに、可視光１０２のうち特定波長以外の光に対して、特定波長の光１０２１よりも高い吸収を発現できるので、意匠性と内部への高い遮蔽性とを得ることができる。また、赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂに対して、凹凸面３３１を有する選択反射膜３３の両側の部材（基材３４と着色樹脂材料層３５）の屈折率が略一致していることから、該部材の凹凸構造部分に起因する屈折を防ぐことができ、結果として高い直進透過性が得られる。これは、本構成が、赤外光に対して、入射口径内の位置の違いによる光路長差が生じないもしくは生じても小さく抑えられた構成となっているからである。 With such a configuration, the light 1021 having a specific wavelength in the visible light 102 can exhibit a large reflection and scattering by using the inclined reflective surface (uneven surface 331) of the selective reflection film 33, and the visible light 102 Among them, higher light absorption than light 1021 of a specific wavelength can be expressed with respect to light other than a specific wavelength, so that it is possible to obtain a design property and a high shielding property to the inside. Further, the refractive indexes of the members (the base material 34 and the colored resin material layer 35) on both sides of the selective reflection film 33 having the concavo-convex surface 331 substantially coincide with the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b. The refraction caused by the concavo-convex structure portion of the member can be prevented, and as a result, high straight transmission is obtained. This is because the present configuration is a configuration in which a difference in optical path length due to a difference in position within the incident aperture does not occur or is suppressed to a small value with respect to infrared light.
なお、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、光学部材３０の第２の側も観察面とする場合、光学部材３０は、基材３４に加えてまたは基材３４に代えて第２の着色樹脂材料層３５（着色樹脂材料層３５ｂ）を備えていてもよい。このような場合であっても、一方の着色樹脂材料層３５（例えば、着色樹脂材料層３５ｂ）の表面に凹凸構造３５２ｂを形成して得られる凹凸面３５１ｂ上に、略均一な膜厚ｈで選択反射膜３３（誘電体多層膜等）を成膜（積層）することによって、第１の側から入射する可視光１０２ａに対する散乱部として作用する凹凸面３３１ａと同時に、第２の側から入射する可視光１０２ｂに対する散乱部として作用する凹凸面３３１ｂが得られる。 As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, when the second side of the optical member 30 is also an observation surface, the optical member 30 is added to the base material 34 or in place of the base material 34. Two colored resin material layers 35 (colored resin material layers 35b) may be provided. Even in such a case, a substantially uniform film thickness h is formed on the uneven surface 351b obtained by forming the uneven structure 352b on the surface of one colored resin material layer 35 (for example, the colored resin material layer 35b). By forming (laminating) the selective reflection film 33 (dielectric multilayer film or the like), the light enters from the second side at the same time as the uneven surface 331a that acts as a scattering portion for the visible light 102a incident from the first side. An uneven surface 331b that acts as a scattering portion for the visible light 102b is obtained.
本例の場合、選択反射膜３３の両側の部材（凹凸充填部材）とされる着色樹脂材料層３５ａと着色樹脂材料層３５ｂが、少なくとも赤外域の対象波長帯において、略一致した屈折率を有していればよい。このようにすれば、選択反射膜３３が凹凸面を有していてもその両側に互いに嵌合する形状の凹凸構造３５２ａ、３５２ｂが配されているので、赤外光１０１ａ、１０１ｂに対して、入射側の着色樹脂材料層３５で生じた入射口径内の位置の違いによる光路長差を出射側の着色樹脂材料層３５で吸収できる。したがって、赤外光１０１ａ、１０１ｂに対して高い直進透過率が得られる。 In the case of this example, the colored resin material layer 35a and the colored resin material layer 35b, which are members on both sides of the selective reflection film 33 (uneven filling member), have substantially the same refractive index at least in the target wavelength band in the infrared region. If you do. In this way, even if the selective reflection film 33 has a concavo-convex surface, the concavo-convex structures 352a and 352b that are fitted to each other are arranged on both sides thereof. The optical path length difference caused by the difference in position within the incident aperture generated in the incident-side colored resin material layer 35 can be absorbed by the outgoing-side colored resin material layer 35. Therefore, a high linear transmittance is obtained for the infrared light 101a and 101b.
なお、図４では、基材３４ａ、３４ｂを備える構成が示されているが、基材３４ａ、３４ｂは省略してもよい。また、片側のみ観察面とする場合であっても、着色樹脂材料層３５の上に第２の基材３４ｂを積層してもよい（図５（ａ）参照）。このとき、図５（ｂ）に示すように、第２の基材３４ｂと着色樹脂材料層３５の積層順序を入れ替えることも可能である。図５（ｂ）に示す構成では、選択反射膜３３の両側に配される２つの基材３４ａ、３４ｂのそれぞれの選択反射膜３３と接する側の表面に、凹凸構造が形成される。この場合、基材３４ａを含めて吸収反射散乱部３１と呼んでもよく、このときの着色樹脂材料層３５は対向する主面がいずれも平坦な平板形状でよい。 In addition, in FIG. 4, although the structure provided with the base materials 34a and 34b is shown, you may abbreviate | omit the base materials 34a and 34b. Even when only one side is used as the observation surface, the second base material 34b may be laminated on the colored resin material layer 35 (see FIG. 5A). At this time, as shown in FIG. 5B, the stacking order of the second base material 34b and the colored resin material layer 35 can be changed. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5B, a concavo-convex structure is formed on the surfaces of the two base materials 34 a and 34 b arranged on both sides of the selective reflection film 33 on the side in contact with the selective reflection film 33. In this case, the base material 34a may be referred to as the absorption reflection scattering part 31, and the colored resin material layer 35 at this time may have a flat plate shape in which the opposing principal surfaces are flat.
本例の散乱部としての凹凸面３３１（またはその土台となる基材３４もしくは着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸面）の凹凸形状は、サンドブラストなどによって形成される粗面のような凹凸形状であってもよいが、滑らかな曲面（自由曲面、非球面、球面を含む）を多く有する形状がより好ましい。一般に、サンドブラストなどで形成した粗面は導関数が不連続な点を多く有する形状となり、例えば、そのような粗面上に選択反射膜３３として誘電体多層膜を形成することを考えた場合、該多層膜が一様の厚さで成膜できず所望の特性が出ないおそれがあるためである。 The concavo-convex shape of the concavo-convex surface 331 (or the concavo-convex surface of the base material 34 or the colored resin material layer 35 serving as the foundation) as the scattering portion in this example is an concavo-convex shape such as a rough surface formed by sandblasting or the like. However, a shape having many smooth curved surfaces (including free curved surfaces, aspherical surfaces, and spherical surfaces) is more preferable. In general, a rough surface formed by sandblasting or the like has a shape having many points where the derivatives are discontinuous. For example, when considering forming a dielectric multilayer film as the selective reflection film 33 on such a rough surface, This is because the multilayer film cannot be formed with a uniform thickness, and desired characteristics may not be obtained.
そのような滑らかな曲面を形成する凹凸構造の例として、多数の微小な球面や非球面のレンズを配置したレンズアレイや、多数のプリズムを配置したプリズムアレイなどが挙げられる。なお、アレイ中のレンズもしくはプリズムは１種に限らず複数種であってもよく、また、これらは規則的に配置されていても不規則に配置されていてもよい。また、他の例として、サンドブラストなどによって形成される基材の粗面をフッ化水素酸などによってエッチングし、表面を滑らかにしたフロスト板の凹凸部や、そのようなフロスト板などの拡散素子の凹凸部を、基材の樹脂層などに転写してできる該樹脂層の凹凸部などが挙げられる。 Examples of such a concavo-convex structure that forms a smooth curved surface include a lens array in which a large number of minute spherical and aspherical lenses are disposed, and a prism array in which a large number of prisms are disposed. Note that the number of lenses or prisms in the array is not limited to one, and there may be a plurality of types, and these may be arranged regularly or irregularly. As another example, the rough surface of a substrate formed by sandblasting or the like is etched with hydrofluoric acid or the like, and the surface of the frosted plate is smoothed, or the diffusion element such as the frosted plate is used. Examples thereof include an uneven portion of the resin layer formed by transferring the uneven portion to a resin layer of the base material.
また、選択反射膜３３として誘電体多層膜を形成する場合、多層膜の厚さが数μｍとなることがある。このため、誘電多層膜を基材３４や着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸面上に成膜する際に、該凹凸面を構成している個々の凹部の幅（当該凹部の底部を通って当該凹部の端点を結ぶ直線の平面方向の長さ）ｗが小さすぎると、各層を所望の厚さで成膜できない場合がある。したがって、選択反射膜３３と接する基材３４もしくは着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸面は、凹部の幅ｗが５μｍ未満の領域が、可視光が入射する有効領域全体の１０％未満であることが好ましく、有効領域内の全ての凹部の幅ｗが５μｍ以上であるとより好ましい。なお、当該凹凸面が凸部を含む場合には、凸部についても上記条件を満たしているとより好ましい。すなわち、凸部の幅ｗが５μｍ未満の領域が、可視光が入射する有効領域全体の１０％未満であるとより好ましく、有効領域内の全ての凸部の幅ｗが５μｍ以上であるとさらに好ましい。なお、凸部の幅ｗは、凹部の幅ｗの説明における凹部の底部を、凸部の頂き部と読み替えればよい。 Further, when a dielectric multilayer film is formed as the selective reflection film 33, the thickness of the multilayer film may be several μm. For this reason, when the dielectric multilayer film is formed on the uneven surface of the base material 34 or the colored resin material layer 35, the width of each recessed portion constituting the uneven surface (through the bottom of the recessed portion, the recessed portion If the length (w in the plane direction of the straight line connecting the end points) is too small, each layer may not be formed with a desired thickness. Therefore, the uneven surface of the base material 34 or the colored resin material layer 35 in contact with the selective reflection film 33 is preferably such that the region where the width w of the recess is less than 5 μm is less than 10% of the entire effective region where visible light is incident. More preferably, the width w of all the recesses in the effective region is 5 μm or more. In addition, when the said uneven surface contains a convex part, it is more preferable that the said conditions are satisfy | filled also about a convex part. That is, the region where the width w of the convex portion is less than 5 μm is more preferably less than 10% of the entire effective region where the visible light is incident, and the width w of all the convex portions in the effective region is more than 5 μm. preferable. In addition, the width w of a convex part should just read the bottom part of the recessed part in description of the width w of a recessed part as the crest part of a convex part.
なお、とくにことわりがなく説明する場合、凹凸面を構成している凹部は、凹頂点を含むが凸頂点を含まないもしくは凸頂点を境界部として含む領域であり、特に凸稜線で囲まれた領域である。また、凸部は、凸頂点を含むが凹頂点を含まないもしくは凹頂点を境界部として含む領域であり、特に凹稜線で囲まれた領域である。なお、凹部の底部といった場合、凹部の凹頂点だけでなく凹稜線も含まれる。また、凸部の頂き部といった場合、凸部の凸頂点だけでなく凸稜線も含まれる。また、凹凸構造の断面形状がＳＩＮカーブ状や自由曲面であったり、凹凸が多段となっている場合など、凹部と凸部の境界があいまいな場合は、断面の変曲点を該断面における凹部と凸部の境界としてもよいし、当該凹凸面を形成している凹凸構造に対して最小二乗平面を求め、その最小二乗曲面よりも下に位置する部分を凹部、上に位置する部分を凸部としてもよい。 Note that, when there is no special description, the concave portion constituting the concave / convex surface is a region including a concave vertex but not including a convex vertex or including a convex vertex as a boundary portion, and particularly a region surrounded by a convex ridge line. It is. The convex portion is a region that includes a convex vertex but does not include a concave vertex or includes a concave vertex as a boundary portion, and is particularly a region surrounded by a concave ridge line. In addition, in the case of the bottom part of a recessed part, not only the recessed vertex of a recessed part but a recessed ridgeline is included. Further, in the case of the raised part of the convex part, not only the convex vertex of the convex part but also the convex ridge line is included. In addition, when the cross-sectional shape of the concavo-convex structure is a SIN curve or a free-form surface, or when the boundary between the concave and convex portions is ambiguous, such as when the concave and convex portions are multi-staged, the inflection point of the cross-section The least square plane is obtained for the concavo-convex structure forming the concavo-convex surface, the concave portion is located below the least square curved surface, and the convex portion is convex It is good also as a part.
以下、選択反射膜３３の成膜対象とされる部材が基材３４である場合を考える。図６（ａ）に示すように、成膜対象とされる部材（基材３４）の凹凸面をなす凹凸構造（図の例では凹凸構造３４２）が、複数の凹レンズ状のレンズ部３４３を隙間なく配置してなる凹レンズアレイの場合、レンズ部３４３の各々を凹部としてもよい。その場合、該凹凸面は凹部のみからなるとしてもよい。そのようにすれば、隣接するレンズ部３４３との境界部に相当するレンズ部３４３間の稜線（符号３４５）を基材上面から観察することで各凹部の幅ｗを求めることができる。ここで、図中の一点鎖線で囲った領域のようにレンズ部３４３の境界部に曲率が生じている場合、傾きが０となる位置を該境界部の頂点として、それら頂点群からなる稜線を基材上面から観察してもよい。図６（ａ）は、凹凸構造３４２の一部を切り出して示す平面図であり、図６（ｂ）は、図６（ａ）に示す凹凸構造３４２を有する基材３４のＡ−Ａ’断面図である。 Hereinafter, a case where the member that is the target of forming the selective reflection film 33 is the base material 34 will be considered. As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the concavo-convex structure (the concavo-convex structure 342 in the example shown in the figure) that forms the concavo-convex surface of the member (base material 34) that is a film formation target has a gap between the plurality of concave lens-shaped lens portions 343. In the case of a concave lens array that is arranged without any other, each of the lens portions 343 may be a concave portion. In that case, the uneven surface may be formed only of a recess. By doing so, the width w of each concave portion can be obtained by observing the ridge line (reference numeral 345) between the lens portions 343 corresponding to the boundary portion between the adjacent lens portions 343 from the upper surface of the substrate. Here, in the case where curvature is generated at the boundary portion of the lens portion 343 as in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in the figure, a ridge line composed of these vertex groups is defined with the position where the inclination becomes 0 as the vertex of the boundary portion. You may observe from the upper surface of a base material. 6A is a plan view showing a part of the concavo-convex structure 342, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of the base material 34 having the concavo-convex structure 342 shown in FIG. FIG.
なお、凹凸面をなす凹凸構造は凸レンズ状のレンズ部３４３を隙間なく配置してなる凸レンズアレイであってもよい。その場合、レンズ部３４３の各々を凸部としてもよい。その場合、該凹凸面は凸部のみからなるとしてもよい。そのようにすれば、隣接するレンズ部３４３との境界部に相当するレンズ部３４３間の稜線３４５を基材上面から観察することで各凸部の幅ｗを求めることができる。なお、上述したようにレンズアレイは、規則的なものに限らずレンズ形状や配置に不規則性を有するものも含む。また、レンズ部３４３の代わりに、凸型のプリズムを配置してなる凸型のプリズムアレイや凹型のプリズムを配置してなる凹型のプリズムアレイの場合も、レンズアレイの場合と同様でよい。また、図６（ａ）に示す例では、成膜対象とされる基材の凹凸面をなす凹凸構造として、凹凸構造３４２を例示しているが、着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸構造３５２と読み替えてもよい。その場合、着色樹脂材料層３５の凹凸面３５１側を上向きにして凸型／凹型を判断すればよい。 The concavo-convex structure forming the concavo-convex surface may be a convex lens array in which convex lens-shaped lens portions 343 are arranged without gaps. In that case, each of the lens portions 343 may be a convex portion. In that case, the uneven surface may be composed of only convex portions. By doing so, the width w of each convex portion can be obtained by observing the ridge line 345 between the lens portions 343 corresponding to the boundary portion between the adjacent lens portions 343 from the upper surface of the substrate. As described above, the lens array is not limited to a regular one but also includes lenses having irregularity in lens shape and arrangement. Further, instead of the lens portion 343, a convex prism array in which convex prisms are arranged or a concave prism array in which concave prisms are arranged may be the same as the lens array. In the example shown in FIG. 6A, the concavo-convex structure 342 is illustrated as the concavo-convex structure forming the concavo-convex surface of the base material to be deposited, but it is read as the concavo-convex structure 352 of the colored resin material layer 35. May be. In that case, the convex / concave shape may be determined with the uneven surface 351 side of the colored resin material layer 35 facing upward.
また、凹部の形状が閉じていない形状の場合、例えば、逆蒲鉾状や溝形状のように底部が伸長している場合には、いわゆる溝の幅（その伸長方向に垂直な方向の長さ）や、当該凹部の形状を楕円で近似した短軸方向の長さを、当該凹部の幅ｗとして求めてもよい。また、凹稜線が分岐しているような底部が２以上の方向に伸長する形状の場合には、分岐した先の各々で幅ｗを求めてもよいし、該凹部の形状を複数の多角形に分割して考え、各多角形において楕円近似して幅ｗを求めてもよい。また、底部をなす凹稜線が認められない場合や、閉じた形状であっても複雑な形状の場合、該凹部の形状を複数の多角形に分割して考え、各多角形において楕円近似して幅ｗを求めてもよい。 In addition, when the shape of the concave portion is not closed, for example, when the bottom portion is extended like a reverse saddle shape or a groove shape, a so-called groove width (length in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction) Or you may obtain | require the length of the short-axis direction which approximated the shape of the said recessed part with the ellipse as the width w of the said recessed part. In addition, in the case of a shape in which the bottom portion extends such that the concave ridge line branches in two or more directions, the width w may be obtained at each of the branched points, and the shape of the concave portion is a plurality of polygons. The width w may be obtained by elliptical approximation in each polygon. In addition, when the concave ridge line forming the bottom is not recognized, or when it is a closed shape, it is a complicated shape, and the shape of the concave portion is divided into a plurality of polygons, and each polygon is approximated by an ellipse. The width w may be obtained.
なお、凹凸面がサンドブラスト面のような粗面の場合の凹部および凸部並びにそれらの幅ｗについては、上記の限りではない。 In addition, about the recessed part and convex part, and those width w when an uneven surface is a rough surface like a sandblast surface, it is not the above-mentioned limitation.
また、意匠性の観点から、凹部および凸部の幅ｗが大きくなりすぎるとそれらが視認されるおそれがある。このため、凹部および凸部の各々において幅ｗの最小値は２００μｍ以下が好ましく、１００μｍ以下がより好ましい。なお、このとき、凹部の幅ｗに、底部が伸長している形状の伸長方向の長さや、楕円近似した場合の長軸方向の長さが含まれてもよく、凸部の幅ｗに、底部が伸長している形状の伸長方向の長さや、楕円近似した場合の長軸方向の長さが含まれてもよい。 Moreover, from the viewpoint of design properties, if the width w of the concave portion and the convex portion becomes too large, they may be visually recognized. For this reason, the minimum value of the width w in each of the concave portion and the convex portion is preferably 200 μm or less, and more preferably 100 μm or less. At this time, the width w of the concave portion may include the length in the extending direction of the shape in which the bottom portion extends, or the length in the major axis direction when approximated to an ellipse, and the width w of the convex portion The length in the extending direction of the shape in which the bottom is extended, or the length in the long axis direction when approximated to an ellipse may be included.
次に、散乱部として機能する選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の傾斜角度αについて説明する。図７は、散乱部として機能する選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の傾斜角度αと、可視光１０２の反射散乱との関係を示す説明図である。なお、図７に示す例では、散乱部として第１の側の凹凸面３３１を例示しているが、第２の側も観察面とする場合は第２の側の凹凸面３３１（凹凸面３３１ｂ等）も同様とする。なお、その場合、可視光の経路が逆方向となる点に注意が必要である。 Next, the inclination angle α of the concavo-convex surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 that functions as a scattering portion will be described. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the inclination angle α of the concavo-convex surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 functioning as a scattering portion and the reflection / scattering of the visible light 102. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, the uneven surface 331 on the first side is illustrated as the scattering portion. However, when the second side is also the observation surface, the uneven surface 331 on the second side (uneven surface 331 b The same shall apply to In this case, attention should be paid to the fact that the path of visible light is reversed.
とくに、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の傾斜角度αが大きくなると、選択反射膜３３の角度依存性により赤外光において意図しない反射光が生じたりするだけでなく、可視光１０２においても反射散乱強度を低下させる要因になる場合がある。ここで、傾斜角度αの基準（０°位置）となる面は、基板の平面方向（ＸＹ平面）としてもよい。なお、図７（ａ）および（ｂ）では、光線が照射される部分の傾斜角度αを示している。 In particular, when the inclination angle α of the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 is increased, not only unintentional reflected light is generated in the infrared light due to the angle dependency of the selective reflection film 33 but also reflected and scattered in the visible light 102. It may be a factor that decreases the strength. Here, the surface serving as the reference (0 ° position) of the inclination angle α may be the plane direction (XY plane) of the substrate. 7A and 7B show the inclination angle α of the portion irradiated with the light beam.
例えば、図７（ａ）に示すように、傾斜角度αが４５°を超える場合、当該選択反射膜３３により反射される可視光１０２は入射時の進行方向を前進させる方向の光となる（図中の白矢印参照）。当該選択反射膜３３により反射される可視光全体の中で、このような前方に反射される光の割合が大きいと、入射時の進行方向を後退させる方向である後方に反射される光の割合が相対的に小さくなる。後方に反射される光の割合が小さいと、当該光学部材３０の当該可視光の入射界面（出射界面でもある）に戻る光（反射光）の光量が低下したり、十分な散乱特性が得られないおそれがある。可視光に対する反射散乱が十分でない場合、当該光学部材３０の着色すなわちユーザから見える色が所定の色相からずれる、明度が低下する、などの問題が生じる。また、反射光の光量が低下すると当該光学部材３０の反視認側から出射される可視光の光量が大きくなり、赤外光に対する迷光が増える、などの問題も生じる。 For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the inclination angle α exceeds 45 °, the visible light 102 reflected by the selective reflection film 33 becomes light in a direction that advances the traveling direction at the time of incidence (FIG. 7A). (See white arrow inside). If the ratio of such light reflected forward is large in the entire visible light reflected by the selective reflection film 33, the ratio of light reflected backward, which is the direction of retreating the traveling direction at the time of incidence. Becomes relatively small. If the ratio of the light reflected backward is small, the amount of light (reflected light) returning to the visible light incident interface (which is also the outgoing interface) of the optical member 30 is reduced, and sufficient scattering characteristics are obtained. There is a risk of not. When the reflection / scattering with respect to visible light is not sufficient, problems such as coloring of the optical member 30, that is, the color visible to the user deviates from a predetermined hue, and the brightness decreases. In addition, when the amount of reflected light decreases, the amount of visible light emitted from the optical member 30 on the non-viewing side increases, causing problems such as increased stray light for infrared light.
また、図７（ｂ）に示すように、傾斜角度αが０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）を超える場合、当該選択反射膜３３により反射される可視光１０２は、ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）以上の角度βで、当該選択反射膜３３に接している出射側部材の出射界面（図中の界面３５３）に至りやすい。ここで、ｎｓは該部材の屈折率を表している。なお、該部材の凹凸構造部分と出射界面を構成している部分が異なる材料（例えば、図５（ａ）（ｂ）の基材３４ａと着色樹脂材料層３５の積層構造等）の場合は、該部材において出射界面を構成している部分が空気との界面を形成するため、ｎｓとして該部分の屈折率を用いてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 7B, when the inclination angle α exceeds 0.5 × asin (1 / n s ), the visible light 102 reflected by the selective reflection film 33 is asin (1 / n s ) It is easy to reach the exit interface (interface 353 in the drawing) of the exit side member that is in contact with the selective reflection film 33 at an angle β of the above. Here, n s denotes a refractive index of the member. In the case where the uneven structure portion of the member and the portion constituting the emission interface are different materials (for example, a laminated structure of the base material 34a and the colored resin material layer 35 in FIGS. 5A and 5B), since the portion constituting the emission surface in the member to form an interface with air may be used refractive index of the moiety as n s.
図７（ｂ）に示すように、可視光１０２がａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）以上の角度βで出射界面に至ると、該出射界面で全反射が起こるため、そのような可視光の割合が大きいと、上記の場合と同様、反射光の光量が低下したり、十分な散乱特性が得られないおそれがある。 As shown in FIG. 7B, when the visible light 102 reaches the exit interface at an angle β equal to or greater than asin (1 / n s ), total reflection occurs at the exit interface. If it is large, the amount of reflected light may decrease or sufficient scattering characteristics may not be obtained, as in the case described above.
したがって、選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１は、可視光が入射する有効領域内において、傾斜角度αが４５°以内の領域が９０％以上であると好ましく、傾斜角度αが０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）以内となる領域が９０％以上であるとより好ましく、該有効領域内の全ての領域において傾斜角度αが４５°以内であるとさらに好ましく、該有効領域内の全ての領域において傾斜角度αが０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）以内であるとさらに好ましい。 Therefore, it is preferable that the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 has an inclination angle α of 45% or more in an effective region where visible light is incident is 90% or more, and the inclination angle α is 0.5 × asin ( More preferably, the region within 1 / n s ) is 90% or more, and the inclination angle α is more preferably within 45 ° in all the regions in the effective region, and in all the regions in the effective region. More preferably, the inclination angle α is within 0.5 × asin (1 / n s ).
また、上述した傾斜角度αの規定は選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の傾斜角度についてであるが、該選択反射膜３３の凹凸面３３１の凹凸形状は、成膜対象とされる部材の凹凸面の凹凸形状が模されたものと見なせるため、上述した傾斜角度αの規定は、選択反射膜３３の両側の部材の凹凸面にも適用可能である。なお、選択反射膜３３の両側の部材のうち少なくとも成膜対象とされる部材の凹凸面が上述した傾斜角度αの規定を満たしていれば、緩やかな傾斜部分が多くなり、均一な膜厚で選択反射膜３３を成膜しやすくなるため、好ましい。このとき、該部材の凹凸面をなす凹凸構造がレンズアレイのような一定の曲率半径が規定できる曲面を有するレンズ部を隙間なく配置した構成である場合、傾斜角度αに加えてもしくは傾斜角度αに代えて次のような条件を満たすと好ましい。 The above-mentioned regulation of the inclination angle α is for the inclination angle of the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33. The uneven shape of the uneven surface 331 of the selective reflection film 33 is the uneven surface of the member to be formed. Therefore, the above-described definition of the inclination angle α can also be applied to the uneven surfaces of the members on both sides of the selective reflection film 33. In addition, if at least the uneven surface of the member to be deposited among the members on both sides of the selective reflection film 33 satisfies the above-described definition of the inclination angle α, the number of gently inclined portions increases, and the film thickness is uniform. This is preferable because the selective reflection film 33 can be easily formed. At this time, in the case where the concavo-convex structure forming the concavo-convex surface of the member has a configuration in which a lens portion having a curved surface capable of defining a constant curvature radius such as a lens array is arranged without a gap, in addition to the inclination angle α or It is preferable to satisfy the following conditions instead of:
すなわち、レンズ部の曲率半径をＲとし、レンズ部の中心から最も離れた該レンズ部の境界部の頂点までの距離を該レンズ部の半径ｒとした場合を考える。このとき、該曲率半径Ｒと半径ｒの比ｒ／Ｒは、傾斜角度αが４５°以上に対応する数値γ以上であると好ましく、傾斜角度αが０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）以下に対応する数値ζ以下であるとより好ましい。ここで、ｒ／Ｒについて、数値γおよび数値ζはともに屈折率ｎｓに依存する。例えば、屈折率ｎｓが１．５１の場合、数値γは０．７１となり、数値ζは０．３５となる。より一般的な場合には、該レンズ部の傾斜はα＝ａｔａｎ［（ｒ／Ｒ）／｛１−（ｒ／Ｒ）２｝０．５］となり、出射界面での全反射の条件がｎｓｓｉｎβ＝１であることと、２α＝βの関係式により、ｒ／Ｒ＝ｔａｎ｛０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）｝／［１＋ｔａｎ２｛｛０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）｝］０．５により値を求められる。 That is, consider a case where the radius of curvature of the lens portion is R, and the distance to the apex of the boundary portion of the lens portion farthest from the center of the lens portion is the radius r of the lens portion. In this case, the ratio r / R of the curvature radius R and the radius r are preferable to be the inclination angle α is numerically γ than that corresponding to 45 ° or more, the inclination angle α is 0.5 × asin (1 / n s ) It is more preferable that it is below the numerical value ζ corresponding to the following. Here, r / R, numerical γ and numerical ζ together depends on the refractive index n s. For example, when the refractive index n s of 1.51, the numerical γ is 0.71, the numerical ζ becomes 0.35. In a more general case, the inclination of the lens portion is α = atan [(r / R) / {1- (r / R) 2 } 0.5 ], and the condition of total reflection at the exit interface is n. s sin β = 1 and 2α = β, r / R = tan {0.5 × asin (1 / n s )} / [1 + tan 2 {{0.5 × asin (1 / n s )}] 0.5 .
また、意匠性、特に発色性能の観点から、光学部材３０全体として、可視光の反射散乱角のＦＷＨＭは５°以上が好ましく、１５°以上がより好ましく、３０°以上がさらに好ましい。また、光学部材３０全体として、可視光の対象波長帯のうちのある波長における、入射光量に対する反射散乱光の総光量の比は、５０％以上が好ましく、７５％以上がより好ましい。このようにすることで当該光学部材３０の観察色における明度を上げることができる。 Further, from the viewpoint of design properties, particularly color development performance, the FWHM of the reflection / scattering angle of visible light as a whole is preferably 5 ° or more, more preferably 15 ° or more, and further preferably 30 ° or more. Further, as a whole of the optical member 30, the ratio of the total amount of reflected / scattered light to the amount of incident light at a certain wavelength in the visible wavelength band is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 75% or more. By doing in this way, the brightness in the observation color of the optical member 30 can be increased.
また、傾斜角度αの情報は選択反射膜３３の両側の部材のうちの一方の部材を取りだし、それに対して光を入射し、その散乱特性を測定することでも得られる。例えば、図７（ｃ）に示すように、片側の面が傾きαで傾斜しそれに対向する面の傾きが０°となる屈折率ｎｓの基材に対して検査光１０３を入射するとスネルの法則により、ｓｉｎα＝ｎｓｓｉｎγとなる角度γの方向に屈折される。一方、屈折した光線は対向する面に対して角度（α―γ）で入射するため、対向する面から出射する光線の角度をδとすると、ｎｓｓｉｎ（α―γ）＝ｓｉｎδとなる。以上により、δ＝ａｓｉｎ［ｓｉｎα×｛（ｎｓ ２−ｓｉｎ２α）０．５−ｃｏｓα｝］となる。したがって、当該部材の屈折率と凹凸面によって散乱される光の散乱特性を調べることで凹凸面の傾斜角αの情報が得られる。 The information on the inclination angle α can also be obtained by taking out one of the members on both sides of the selective reflection film 33, making light incident thereon, and measuring the scattering characteristics thereof. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 (c), the Snell made incident inspection light 103 to the substrate of refractive index n s of the inclination of the inclined at α slope on one side of the surface facing thereto plane is 0 ° According to the law, the light is refracted in the direction of angle γ where sin α = n s sin γ. On the other hand, refracted ray is for incident at an angle (alpha-gamma) against opposite faces, when the angle of the light beam emitted from a surface facing the [delta], a n s sin (α-γ) = sinδ. Thus, the δ = asin [sinα × {( n s 2 -sin 2 α) 0.5 -cosα}]. Therefore, information on the inclination angle α of the concavo-convex surface can be obtained by examining the refractive index of the member and the scattering characteristics of light scattered by the concavo-convex surface.
例えば、検査光１０３に対する該部材の屈折率ｎｓを１．５１とする場合、αが４５°とするとδは２６．３°となるため、該部材に対して光を入射した場合、２６．３°以上の角度で散乱される光線がある場合には、該部材の凹凸面は４５°以上の傾斜を含む。また、αが０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）＝２０．７°とすると、δは１０．９°となるため、該部材に対して光を入射した場合、１０．９°以上の角度で散乱される光線がある場合には、該部材の凹凸面は０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／ｎｓ）°以上の傾斜を含む。 For example, if a 1.51 refractive index n s of the member with respect to the inspection light 103, since α is to the δ is 26.3 ° and 45 °, when incident light to the member 26. When there are light rays scattered at an angle of 3 ° or more, the uneven surface of the member includes an inclination of 45 ° or more. Further, if α is 0.5 × asin (1 / n s ) = 20.7 °, δ is 10.9 °, so that when light is incident on the member, it is 10.9 ° or more. If there are light rays scattered at angles, uneven surface of the member comprises a slope of more than 0.5 × asin (1 / n s ) °.
図８は、赤外光の入射に対する、光学部材３０による透過成分の光量分布の角度依存性の例を示すグラフである。図８において、横軸は透過成分の出射角度θ［°］を表し、縦軸は光強度を表している。なお、入射する赤外光はＺ方向に進行するものと考える。図８に示すように、本例の光学部材３０（例えば、図３の基材３４、選択反射膜３３および着色樹脂材料層３５）を透過する赤外光は、直進透過光と透過散乱光とに大別できる。上述したように、選択反射膜３３およびその両側の凹凸充填部材の複合作用により、当該光学部材３０に入射した赤外光に対して大きな直進透過光が得られる。 FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of the angle dependency of the light amount distribution of the transmitted component by the optical member 30 with respect to the incidence of infrared light. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis represents the emission angle θ [°] of the transmissive component, and the vertical axis represents the light intensity. The incident infrared light is considered to travel in the Z direction. As shown in FIG. 8, the infrared light transmitted through the optical member 30 of this example (for example, the base material 34, the selective reflection film 33, and the colored resin material layer 35 of FIG. 3) Can be broadly divided. As described above, due to the combined action of the selective reflection film 33 and the concavo-convex filling members on both sides thereof, large linearly transmitted light can be obtained with respect to the infrared light incident on the optical member 30.
しかし、このとき選択反射膜３３の角度依存性によって透過光量の変調が発生したり、各凹凸構造が界面につくるエッジ部分によって散乱が生じる場合がある。したがって、当該光学部材３０における赤外光の入射光量に対する直進透過光の光量の比をＴ０とすると、Ｔ０は、７５％以上が好ましく、８５％以上がより好ましく、９０％以上がさらに好ましく、９５％以上が最も好ましい。なお、Ｔ０の代わりにヘイズ値を用いてもよい。その場合、光学部材３０の赤外光のヘイズ値は２５％未満が好ましく、１５％未満がより好ましく、１０％未満がさらに好ましく、５％未満が最も好ましい。なお、ヘイズ値としては、ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１３６に記載されているように、試験片を通過する透過光のうち、前方散乱によって、入射光から０．０４４ｒａｄ（２．５°）以上それた透過光の百分率として求めてもよい。ＪＩＳ Ｋ ７１３６では直進透過光に対応する角度範囲が２．５°以内となっているが、例えば１．５°以下のように２．５°より狭い角度範囲の透過光を直進透過光としてもよい。 However, at this time, the amount of transmitted light may be modulated due to the angle dependency of the selective reflection film 33, or scattering may occur due to an edge portion formed by each concavo-convex structure at the interface. Therefore, when the light amount ratio of the straight transmission light with respect to the amount of incident light of the infrared light in the optical member 30 and T 0, T 0 is preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 85%, more preferably not less than 90% 95% or more is most preferable. It is also possible using a haze value instead of T 0. In that case, the haze value of the infrared light of the optical member 30 is preferably less than 25%, more preferably less than 15%, still more preferably less than 10%, and most preferably less than 5%. As described in JIS K 7136, the haze value of transmitted light that has passed through the test piece is 0.044 rad (2.5 °) or more away from incident light due to forward scattering. It may be obtained as a percentage. In JIS K 7136, the angle range corresponding to the straight transmitted light is within 2.5 °. However, for example, a transmitted light having an angle range narrower than 2.5 ° such as 1.5 ° or less may be used as the straight transmitted light Good.
また、当該光学部材３０を透過する赤外光のうち直進透過光以外の光を透過散乱光とした場合、当該光学部材３０における赤外光の入射光量に対する透過散乱光の光量の総光量の比をＴ１とすると、Ｔ１’＝Ｔ１／（Ｔ０＋Ｔ１）×１００［％］によって透過散乱光を評価できる。Ｔ１’は、１０％以下が好ましく、５％以下がより好ましく、２％以下がさらに好ましい。このとき、Ｔ１’は、赤外光について全ての透過光を測定するのではなく、赤外光を扱う装置の仕様に応じて、所定の出射角θ２内に出射される光を対象にして測定してもよい。このように計測に用いる透過光の角度を限定する場合であって、θ２として１０°以下とする場合、Ｔ１’は３％以下が好ましく、２％以下がより好ましく、１％以下がさらに好ましい。 Further, when light other than the straight transmitted light among the infrared light transmitted through the optical member 30 is transmitted scattered light, the ratio of the total light amount of the transmitted scattered light to the incident light amount of the infrared light in the optical member 30 the When T 1, can be evaluated transmitted scattered light by T 1 '= T 1 / ( T 0 + T 1) × 100 [%]. T 1 ′ is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 2% or less. At this time, T 1 ′ does not measure all transmitted light with respect to infrared light, but targets light emitted within a predetermined emission angle θ 2 according to the specifications of the apparatus that handles infrared light. May be measured. In this way, when the angle of transmitted light used for measurement is limited, and θ 2 is 10 ° or less, T 1 ′ is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2% or less, and further preferably 1% or less. preferable.
本例の光学部材３０の製造方法としては、上述したように、所望の凹凸形状を有する凹凸面を有する基材３４に、選択反射膜３３（誘電体多層膜等）を成膜後、着色樹脂材料を充填する方法が挙げられる。 As described above, the optical member 30 of this example is manufactured by forming a selective reflection film 33 (dielectric multilayer film, etc.) on a base material 34 having a concavo-convex surface having a desired concavo-convex shape, and then coloring resin. A method of filling the material can be mentioned.
図９は、本例の光学部材３０の製造方法の例を示す説明図である。図９に示す例では、まず、微細な凹凸形状の凹凸面３４１ｂを有する基材（表面微細加工基材）３４ｂを用意する（工程（ａ））。次いで、表面微細加工基材に多層膜（選択反射膜３３）を成膜する（工程（ｂ））。成膜された多層膜の表面は、凹凸面３４１ｂの凹凸形状にならった凹凸面３３１となる。次いで、成膜された多層膜の上に、着色樹脂材料３５’を滴下する（工程（ｃ））。次いで、着色樹脂材料の上面を平坦化させるために、ガラス等の第２の基材３４ａを被せ、必要に応じてプレスしながら着色樹脂材料を硬化させる（工程（ｄ））。工程（ｄ）では、着色樹脂材料の特性に応じ、加熱処理やＵＶ処理をして、硬化させることができる。 FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example of a manufacturing method of the optical member 30 of this example. In the example shown in FIG. 9, first, a base material (surface microfabricated base material) 34b having a fine uneven surface 341b is prepared (step (a)). Next, a multilayer film (selective reflection film 33) is formed on the surface microfabricated substrate (step (b)). The surface of the multilayer film thus formed becomes a concavo-convex surface 331 that follows the concavo-convex shape of the concavo-convex surface 341b. Next, the colored resin material 35 'is dropped on the formed multilayer film (step (c)). Next, in order to flatten the upper surface of the colored resin material, a second base material 34a such as glass is covered, and the colored resin material is cured while being pressed as necessary (step (d)). In the step (d), it can be cured by heat treatment or UV treatment according to the characteristics of the colored resin material.
また、図１０は、本例の光学部材３０の製造方法の他の例を示す説明図である。図１０に示す例では、多層膜の上に着色樹脂材料３５’を滴下後（工程（ｃ））、フッ素やシリコーン等の離型処理が施されたガラス等の基材３６を被せて、着色樹脂材料を硬化させる（工程（ｄ））。硬化後、基材３６を剥離する（工程（ｅ））。本例では、光学装置を低背化することができる。 Moreover, FIG. 10 is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the manufacturing method of the optical member 30 of this example. In the example shown in FIG. 10, after coloring resin material 35 ′ is dropped on the multilayer film (step (c)), a substrate 36 such as glass that has been subjected to a release treatment such as fluorine or silicone is covered and colored. The resin material is cured (step (d)). After curing, the substrate 36 is peeled off (step (e)). In this example, the height of the optical device can be reduced.
次に、選択反射部の凹凸面を利用して散乱部１２を実現する他の例を説明する。図１１（ａ）は、選択反射部の凹凸面を利用して散乱部１２を実現する光学部材４０の構成例を示す模式断面図である。また、図１１（ｂ）は、図１１（ａ）に示す光学部材４０の要部の分解断面図である。図１１に示す光学部材４０は、基材４４と、コレステリック相液晶層４３と、着色樹脂材料層４５とを備える。本例のコレステリック相液晶層４３の少なくとも第１の側には凹凸面４３１が形成されている。また、コレステリック相液晶層４３に接する少なくとも第１の側の部材、すなわち着色樹脂材料層４５のコレステリック相液晶層４３側の面にも、凹凸面４３１と略嵌合する形状の凹凸面４５１が形成されている。 Next, another example of realizing the scattering unit 12 using the uneven surface of the selective reflection unit will be described. FIG. 11A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of the optical member 40 that realizes the scattering portion 12 by using the uneven surface of the selective reflection portion. Moreover, FIG.11 (b) is an exploded sectional view of the principal part of the optical member 40 shown to Fig.11 (a). The optical member 40 shown in FIG. 11 includes a base material 44, a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, and a colored resin material layer 45. An uneven surface 431 is formed on at least the first side of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 of this example. Further, an uneven surface 451 having a shape substantially fitting with the uneven surface 431 is also formed on at least the first side member in contact with the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, that is, the surface on the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 side of the colored resin material layer 45. Has been.
本例では、コレステリック相液晶層４３が選択反射部１３に相当する。また、コレステリック相液晶層４３の凹凸面４３１が散乱部１２に相当する。また、着色樹脂材料層４５が特定可視光吸収部１５に相当する。なお、本例では、凹凸面４３１を有するコレステリック相液晶層４３と着色樹脂材料層４５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部４１と呼ぶ。本例でも、コレステリック相液晶層４３の凹凸面４３１と接する部材であって、対向側に平坦な面を有する部材を凹凸充填部材とも呼ぶ。図１１に示す例では、着色樹脂材料層４５が凹凸充填部材に相当する。 In this example, the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 corresponds to the selective reflection portion 13. The uneven surface 431 of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 43 corresponds to the scattering portion 12. Further, the colored resin material layer 45 corresponds to the specific visible light absorber 15. In this example, the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 having the uneven surface 431 and the colored resin material layer 45 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 41. Also in this example, a member that is in contact with the uneven surface 431 of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 and has a flat surface on the opposite side is also referred to as an uneven filling member. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the colored resin material layer 45 corresponds to an uneven filling member.
なお、本例は、上記の光学部材３０において、凹凸面３３１を有する選択反射膜３３の代わりに、凹凸面４３１を有するコレステリック相液晶層４３を備える点以外は、基本的に光学部材３０と同様でよい。したがって、図１２（ａ）のように着色樹脂材料層４５の上にさらに第２の基材４４（図中の基材４４ａ）を備える構成や、図１２（ｂ）のように、着色樹脂材料層４５と基材４４ａの積層順序を入れ替えた構成や、図１３のように、コレステリック相液晶層４３の第２の側にも凹凸面４３１ｂが形成されるとともに、さらに第２の着色樹脂材料層４５（着色樹脂材料層４５ｂ）を備える構成も可能である。なお、図１２（ｂ）に示す例では、基材４４ａが凹凸充填部材とされる。また、図１３に示す例では、着色樹脂材料層４５ａ、４５ｂが凹凸充填部材とされる。 This example is basically the same as the optical member 30 except that the optical member 30 includes a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 having an uneven surface 431 instead of the selective reflection film 33 having the uneven surface 331. It's okay. Accordingly, a configuration in which the second base 44 (base 44a in the figure) is further provided on the colored resin material layer 45 as shown in FIG. 12A, or a colored resin material as shown in FIG. 12B. As shown in FIG. 13, an uneven surface 431b is formed on the second side of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 as well as the second colored resin material layer. A configuration including 45 (colored resin material layer 45b) is also possible. In the example shown in FIG. 12B, the base material 44a is an uneven filling member. Moreover, in the example shown in FIG. 13, the colored resin material layers 45a and 45b are the uneven filling members.
本例において、コレステリック相液晶層４３の凹凸面４３１は、例えば、当該凹凸面４３１と接する一方の部材（図１１および図１２（ａ）の着色樹脂材料層４５、図１２（ｂ）の基材４４ａ等）の表面に凹凸構造を形成して凹凸面とし、該凹凸面を内側にして、他方の部材（図１１の基材４４、図１２（ａ）（ｂ）の基材４４ｂ等）との間にコレステリック相液晶層４３を挟持することによって形成できる。このとき、他方の部材の表面にも凹凸構造を形成して凹凸面とし、両方の部材の凹凸面を内側にして挟持すれば、図１３に示す構成が得られる。 In this example, the concavo-convex surface 431 of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 is, for example, one member in contact with the concavo-convex surface 431 (the colored resin material layer 45 in FIGS. 11 and 12A, the base material in FIG. 12B). 44a and the like) to form a concavo-convex structure to form a concavo-convex surface, with the concavo-convex surface on the inside and the other member (the base material 44 in FIG. 11 and the base material 44b in FIGS. 12A and 12B). It can be formed by sandwiching the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 therebetween. At this time, if a concavo-convex structure is also formed on the surface of the other member to form a concavo-convex surface, and the concavo-convex surface of both members is sandwiched inside, the configuration shown in FIG.
本例では、コレステリック相液晶層４３と、コレステリック相液晶層４３の凹凸面４３１と接する部材（凹凸充填部材）とが、少なくとも赤外域の対象波長帯において、略一致した屈折率を有しているとよい。なお、コレステリック相液晶層４３の屈折率は平均屈折率でよい。このようにすると、赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂに対して、コレステリック相液晶層４３および凹凸充填部材の凹凸構造部分に起因する屈折を防ぐことができ、結果として高い直進透過性が得られる。 In this example, the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 and a member (concave / convex filling member) in contact with the concavo-convex surface 431 of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 have substantially the same refractive index at least in the target wavelength band in the infrared region. Good. The refractive index of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 may be an average refractive index. In this way, refraction caused by the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 and the concavo-convex structure portion of the concavo-convex filling member can be prevented with respect to the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b, and as a result, high straight transmission is obtained. .
コレステリック相液晶層４３は、可視光を一定割合以上反射し、赤外光を一定割合以上透過するように構成されている。コレステリック相液晶は、液晶分子の螺旋構造により選択反射帯を有しており、その選択反射帯を可視域に設けることで、可視光のみを選択的に反射できる。 The cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 is configured to reflect visible light at a certain rate or more and transmit infrared light at a certain rate or more. The cholesteric phase liquid crystal has a selective reflection band due to the helical structure of the liquid crystal molecules. By providing the selective reflection band in the visible range, only visible light can be selectively reflected.
より具体的には、コレステリック相液晶層４３において、螺旋ピッチｐや、液晶の平均屈折率ｎｃを調整すればよい。一般に、コレステリック相液晶の選択反射波長λＲは、以下の式（２）で与えられる。 More specifically, in the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, and a helical pitch p, it is sufficient to adjust the average refractive index n c of the liquid crystal. In general, the selective reflection wavelength λ R of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal is given by the following formula (2).
λＲ＝ｐ・ｎｃ ・・・（２） λ R = p · n c (2)
したがって、上記の式（２）において、選択反射波長λＲが、選択反射させたい可視光の波長と同程度になるように、螺旋ピッチｐや液晶の平均屈折率ｎｃを調整すればよい。なお、螺旋ピッチｐの調整方法としては、配向制御の他、キラル剤のＨＴＰ（Helical Twisting Power）や濃度を調整する方法が挙げられる。 Accordingly, in the above formula (2), the selective reflection wavelength lambda R is, to be comparable to the wavelength of visible light desired to be selectively reflected, it may be adjusted helical pitch p and the average refractive index n c of the liquid crystal. Examples of the method for adjusting the helical pitch p include a method for adjusting the HTP (Helical Twisting Power) and concentration of the chiral agent in addition to the orientation control.
なお、図１１〜図１３では光学部材４０が１つのコレステリック相液晶層４３を備える例を示したが、コレステリック相液晶層は、単層に限られない。例えば、光学部材４０は、選択反射帯の異なるコレステリック相液晶層４３を複数（厚さ方向（Ｚ方向）に積層するように）備えていてもよい。このとき、基材４４を含むコレステリック相液晶フィルム等を複数積層してもよい。一例として、選択反射帯の中心が４３０ｎｍ、５３０ｎｍ、６３０ｎｍとなる３種類のコレステリック相液晶層もしくはコレステリック相液晶フィルムを積層してもよい。このような構成とすることで、広い帯域の可視光を反射散乱させつつ、赤外光を透過させることができる。そのような場合、着色樹脂材料層４５は、最上層（最も第１の側にある層）のコレステリック相液晶層もしくはコレステリック相液晶フィルムより上に積層されればよい。 11 to 13 show an example in which the optical member 40 includes one cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, but the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer is not limited to a single layer. For example, the optical member 40 may include a plurality of cholesteric liquid crystal layers 43 having different selective reflection bands (so as to be stacked in the thickness direction (Z direction)). At this time, a plurality of cholesteric phase liquid crystal films including the substrate 44 may be laminated. As an example, three types of cholesteric phase liquid crystal layers or cholesteric phase liquid crystal films whose centers of selective reflection bands are 430 nm, 530 nm, and 630 nm may be laminated. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to transmit infrared light while reflecting and scattering a wide band of visible light. In such a case, the colored resin material layer 45 may be laminated on the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer or the cholesteric phase liquid crystal film of the uppermost layer (the layer on the most first side).
また、コレステリック相液晶には、螺旋の向きに対応した円偏光を反射する特徴があるため、図１４に示すように、コレステリック相液晶層４３の反視認側に、第２の選択反射部４６をさらに設けてもよい。そのように構成することで、両方の円偏光の光に対して反射散乱させることができる。その場合、第２の選択反射部４６を含めて吸収反射散乱部４１としてもよい。 Further, since the cholesteric phase liquid crystal has a characteristic of reflecting circularly polarized light corresponding to the direction of the spiral, as shown in FIG. 14, the second selective reflection portion 46 is provided on the non-viewing side of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43. Further, it may be provided. With such a configuration, both circularly polarized lights can be reflected and scattered. In that case, it is good also as the absorption reflection scattering part 41 including the 2nd selective reflection part 46. FIG.
第２の選択反射部４６は、コレステリック相液晶層４３の選択反射帯を含む波長帯の可視光を一定割合以上反射して赤外光を一定割合以上透過するように構成されればよく、例えば、ダイクロイックミラーのミラー層に用いられるような誘電体多層膜であってもよい。なお、第２の選択反射部４６は、コレステリック相液晶層４３を挟持している部材の反視認側に限らず、例えば、該部材とコレステリック相液晶層４３の間などに設けられていてもよい。例えば、コレステリック相液晶層４３として、右円偏光の可視光１０２ｃに対して選択反射を示すコレステリック相液晶を用いる場合、透過する左円偏光の可視光１０２ｄを第２の選択反射部４６で反射させてもよい。なお、第２の選択反射部４６とコレステリック相液晶層４３との関係は上述の特許文献３におけるそれと同様であるため、説明を省略する。このような構成においても、可視光１０２のうち特定波長の光１０２１に対して十分な反射散乱が得られるだけでなく、赤外光に対する散乱を大きく低減できる。 The second selective reflection unit 46 may be configured to reflect visible light in a wavelength band including the selective reflection band of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 at a certain ratio or more and transmit infrared light at a certain ratio or more. A dielectric multilayer film used for a mirror layer of a dichroic mirror may be used. The second selective reflection portion 46 is not limited to the anti-viewing side of the member sandwiching the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, and may be provided, for example, between the member and the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43. . For example, when a cholesteric phase liquid crystal exhibiting selective reflection with respect to the right circularly polarized visible light 102c is used as the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43, the transmitted second circularly polarized visible light 102d is reflected by the second selective reflection unit 46. May be. Note that the relationship between the second selective reflection portion 46 and the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 43 is the same as that in the above-mentioned Patent Document 3, and thus the description thereof is omitted. Even in such a configuration, not only sufficient reflection and scattering can be obtained for the light 1021 having a specific wavelength in the visible light 102, but also scattering for infrared light can be greatly reduced.
なお、本例の凹凸面４３１についても、滑らかな曲面（自由曲面、非球面、球面を含む）を多く有する形状であれば液晶の配向性がよくなるため、より好ましい。 Note that the uneven surface 431 of this example is more preferably a shape having many smooth curved surfaces (including free curved surfaces, aspherical surfaces, and spherical surfaces) because the orientation of the liquid crystal is improved.
他の点に関しては光学部材３０と同様である。 The other points are the same as those of the optical member 30.
なお、図１５に示すように、凹凸面を有さないコレステリック相液晶層５３を備える構成も可能である。コレステリック相液晶層５３は、可視光を一定割合以上反射散乱し、赤外光を一定割合以上透過するように構成される。例えば、コレステリック相液晶層５３は、当該層の面内に、配向軸の異なる複数の領域を有するコレステリック相液晶層であってもよい。このようなコレステリック相液晶層５３は、例えば、選択反射帯を可視域に設定しつつ、コレステリック相液晶層を形成する際に液晶の配向処理を加えないことにより、形成できる。このような配向の乱れによって、設定した選択反射帯において反射散乱させることができる。なお、本例でも、散乱部１２および選択反射部１３としてコレステリック相液晶層５３の少なくとも第１の側に、着色樹脂材料層５５が備えられていればよい。なお、本例の着色樹脂材料層５５のコレステリック相液晶層５３側の表面は凹凸形状ではなく、平坦でよい。また、本例では、コレステリック相液晶層５３と着色樹脂材料層５５との間の屈折率差に関する上記限定は無視してよい。 In addition, as shown in FIG. 15, the structure provided with the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 which does not have an uneven surface is also possible. The cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 is configured to reflect and scatter visible light at a certain rate or more and transmit infrared light at a certain rate or more. For example, the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 may be a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer having a plurality of regions having different alignment axes in the plane of the layer. Such a cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 can be formed, for example, by setting the selective reflection band in the visible range and not applying a liquid crystal alignment treatment when forming the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer. Due to such disorder of orientation, reflection and scattering can be performed in the set selective reflection band. In this example as well, the colored resin material layer 55 may be provided on at least the first side of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 as the scattering portion 12 and the selective reflection portion 13. The surface of the colored resin material layer 55 of this example on the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 side may be flat rather than uneven. Further, in this example, the above limitation on the refractive index difference between the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 53 and the colored resin material layer 55 may be ignored.
他の点に関しては光学部材４０と同様である。 The other points are the same as those of the optical member 40.
次に、微粒子含有樹脂を利用して散乱部１２を実現する例を説明する。図１６は、散乱部１２として微粒子含有樹脂層６２を有する光学部材の例を示す模式断面図である。図１６に示す光学部材６０は、基材６４と、選択反射部６３と、微粒子含有樹脂層６２と、着色樹脂材料層６５とを備える。本例では、選択反射部６３と微粒子含有樹脂層６２と着色樹脂材料層６５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部６１と呼ぶ。 Next, the example which implement | achieves the scattering part 12 using fine particle containing resin is demonstrated. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical member having the fine particle-containing resin layer 62 as the scattering portion 12. An optical member 60 shown in FIG. 16 includes a base material 64, a selective reflection portion 63, a fine particle-containing resin layer 62, and a colored resin material layer 65. In this example, the selective reflection portion 63, the fine particle-containing resin layer 62, and the colored resin material layer 65 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 61.
微粒子含有樹脂層６２は、可視光および赤外光に対して透光性を有する樹脂材料をバインダーとして用い、該樹脂材料に、少なくとも可視域において該樹脂とは異なる屈折率を有する微粒子を均一に分散させたものであってもよい。 The fine particle-containing resin layer 62 uses a resin material having translucency for visible light and infrared light as a binder, and uniformly presents fine particles having a refractive index different from that of the resin at least in the visible region. It may be dispersed.
このとき、上述したように、微粒子の粒径や、微粒子とバインダーとなる樹脂材料との屈折率の比を調整することにより、可視光に対する散乱を大きくし、赤外光に対する散乱を小さくできる。例えば、樹脂に、赤外域の近傍に吸収帯を有する色素や顔料を含有する材料を添加することにより、可視域の対象波長域と赤外域の対象波長域との間に大きな屈折率差を生じさせることができる。このような樹脂と、微粒子とで赤外域の対象波長域の屈折率差が小さくなるまたは屈折率が略一致するように調整してもよい。 At this time, as described above, by adjusting the particle size of the fine particles and the refractive index ratio between the fine particles and the resin material serving as the binder, scattering for visible light can be increased and scattering for infrared light can be reduced. For example, by adding a material containing a dye or pigment having an absorption band near the infrared region to the resin, a large refractive index difference occurs between the target wavelength region in the visible region and the target wavelength region in the infrared region. Can be made. Such a resin and fine particles may be adjusted so that the difference in refractive index in the target wavelength region in the infrared region becomes small or the refractive index substantially matches.
なお、散乱部１２として微粒子含有樹脂層６２を備える以外の点は、上述した他の例と同様である。 The points other than the provision of the fine particle-containing resin layer 62 as the scattering portion 12 are the same as the other examples described above.
また、図１７に、上記の微粒子含有樹脂層６２と着色樹脂材料層６５とを一つの機能性樹脂層（以下、散乱吸収樹脂層７６という）によって実現した光学部材７０の例を示す。図１７は、散乱部および特定可視光吸収部として散乱吸収樹脂層７６を有する光学部材７０の例を示す模式断面図である。図１７に示す光学部材７０は、基材７４と、選択反射部７３と、散乱吸収樹脂層７６とを備える。本例では、選択反射部７３と散乱吸収樹脂層７６ととを併せて、吸収反射散乱部７１と呼ぶ。 FIG. 17 shows an example of an optical member 70 in which the fine particle-containing resin layer 62 and the colored resin material layer 65 are realized by one functional resin layer (hereinafter referred to as a scattering absorption resin layer 76). FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an optical member 70 having a scattering absorption resin layer 76 as a scattering portion and a specific visible light absorption portion. An optical member 70 shown in FIG. 17 includes a base material 74, a selective reflection portion 73, and a scattering absorption resin layer 76. In this example, the selective reflection portion 73 and the scattering absorption resin layer 76 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 71.
散乱吸収樹脂層７６は、可視光および赤外光に対して透光性を有する樹脂材料をバインダーとして用い、該樹脂材料に、上述の微粒子含有樹脂層６２に用いられる微粒子と、上述の着色樹脂材料層６５に用いられる着色材料（染料や有機顔料等）を、均一に分散させたものであってもよい。 The scattering absorption resin layer 76 uses a resin material having translucency with respect to visible light and infrared light as a binder, and the resin material includes fine particles used for the fine particle-containing resin layer 62 and the colored resin. Coloring materials (dyes, organic pigments, etc.) used for the material layer 65 may be uniformly dispersed.
なお、散乱部１２および特定可視光吸収部１５として散乱吸収樹脂層７６を備える以外の点は、上述した他の例と同様である。 The points other than the provision of the scattering absorption resin layer 76 as the scattering part 12 and the specific visible light absorption part 15 are the same as in the other examples described above.
次に、回折構造を利用して散乱部１２を実現する例を説明する。図１８（ａ）および（ｂ）は、散乱部１２として回折構造２２を有する光学部材２０の例を示す模式断面図である。図１８（ａ）に示す光学部材２０は、基材２４と、選択反射部２３と、回折構造２２と、着色樹脂材料層２５とを備える。本例において、回折構造２２の少なくとも凹部２２２は、着色樹脂材料層２５によって充填されている。本例では、選択反射部２３と、回折構造２２と、着色樹脂材料層２５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部２１と呼ぶ。また、回折構造２２と接する部材であって、対向側に平坦な面を有する部材を凹凸充填部材とも呼ぶ。図１８（ａ）に示す例では、着色樹脂材料層２５が凹凸充填部材に相当する。 Next, an example in which the scattering unit 12 is realized using a diffraction structure will be described. FIGS. 18A and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views showing examples of the optical member 20 having the diffractive structure 22 as the scattering portion 12. The optical member 20 shown in FIG. 18A includes a base material 24, a selective reflection portion 23, a diffraction structure 22, and a colored resin material layer 25. In this example, at least the concave portion 222 of the diffractive structure 22 is filled with the colored resin material layer 25. In this example, the selective reflection portion 23, the diffraction structure 22, and the colored resin material layer 25 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 21. A member that contacts the diffractive structure 22 and has a flat surface on the opposite side is also referred to as an uneven filling member. In the example shown in FIG. 18A, the colored resin material layer 25 corresponds to an uneven filling member.
また、図１８（ｂ）に示す光学部材２０は、基材２４と、選択反射部２３と、回折構造２２と、充填部２６と、着色樹脂材料層２５とを備える。本例において、回折構造２２の少なくとも凹部２２２は、充填部２６によって充填されている。本例では、選択反射部２３と、回折構造２２と、充填部２６と、着色樹脂材料層２５とを併せて、吸収反射散乱部２１と呼ぶ。なお、図１８（ｂ）に示す例では、充填部２６が凹凸充填部材に相当する。 The optical member 20 shown in FIG. 18B includes a base material 24, a selective reflection portion 23, a diffraction structure 22, a filling portion 26, and a colored resin material layer 25. In this example, at least the concave portion 222 of the diffractive structure 22 is filled with the filling portion 26. In this example, the selective reflection portion 23, the diffraction structure 22, the filling portion 26, and the colored resin material layer 25 are collectively referred to as an absorption reflection scattering portion 21. In the example shown in FIG. 18B, the filling portion 26 corresponds to an uneven filling member.
回折構造２２は、少なくとも可視光に対して回折作用を発現し、赤外光に対する回折作用の発現が可視光の回折作用の発現に対し抑制できる構造であれば、具体的な構成は問わない。なお、図１８には、回折構造２２として、断面が矩形の凹凸構造が示されているが、回折構造２２は、断面が矩形の凹凸構造に限られない。 The diffractive structure 22 is not particularly limited as long as it has a diffractive effect on at least visible light and can suppress the diffractive action on infrared light from being suppressed with respect to the visible light. In FIG. 18, an uneven structure with a rectangular cross section is shown as the diffraction structure 22, but the diffraction structure 22 is not limited to an uneven structure with a rectangular cross section.
図１８に示す例において、回折構造２２の凹部２２２および凸部２２１の屈折率差をΔｎ、入射する波長をλ、凸部２２１の高さもしくは凹部２２２の深さをｄとする。回折構造２２の回折特性は、当該回折構造２２の電場の位相項の係数となるΔｎｄ／λによって変わる。 In the example shown in FIG. 18, the refractive index difference between the concave portion 222 and the convex portion 221 of the diffractive structure 22 is Δn, the incident wavelength is λ, and the height of the convex portion 221 or the depth of the concave portion 222 is d. The diffraction characteristics of the diffractive structure 22 vary depending on Δnd / λ that is the coefficient of the phase term of the electric field of the diffractive structure 22.
ここで、選択反射部２３で反射される可視光１０２に対しては、回折構造２２を往復するため、該係数を２Δｎｄ／λとして計算する。一方、選択反射部２３を透過する赤外光１０１ａおよび赤外光１０１ｂに対しては、回折構造２２を一度透過するのみなので、Δｎｄ／λのままで計算すればよい。干渉条件により、これら係数の値は、０．５などの１／２に奇数を乗じた値に近いほど、０次回折光の光量が小さく、０もしくは１などの整数に近いほど、０次回折光の光量が大きくなる（図１９（ａ）（ｂ）参照）。なお、図１９（ａ）および（ｂ）では、ｄ＝２７０ｎｍ、Δｎ＝０．４５として、これら係数の値を計算した。 Here, for the visible light 102 reflected by the selective reflection unit 23, the coefficient is calculated as 2Δnd / λ in order to reciprocate the diffraction structure 22. On the other hand, the infrared light 101a and the infrared light 101b that pass through the selective reflection portion 23 only pass through the diffractive structure 22 once. Depending on the interference conditions, the values of these coefficients are closer to a value obtained by multiplying ½ such as 0.5 by an odd number, the light amount of the 0th order diffracted light is smaller, and the closer to an integer such as 0 or 1, the greater the value of the 0th order diffracted light. The amount of light increases (see FIGS. 19A and 19B). In FIGS. 19A and 19B, the values of these coefficients were calculated with d = 270 nm and Δn = 0.45.
例えば、矩形の回折格子の０次回折効率すなわち入射光に対して直進透過する成分の比率は、位相項の係数をφとしてｃｏｓ（πφ）２で計算できるが、０次回折効率η０を、φ＝１回通過時（透過）の位相項の係数であるΔｎｄ／λとした場合と、φ＝２回透過時（反射）の位相項の係数である２Δｎｄ／λとした場合とを比較すると、可視光では反射の位相項の係数である２Δｎｄ／λ（図１９の実線で示された特性）で決まる反射０次回折効率を３０％未満に低減でき、赤外光では透過の位相項の係数であるΔｎｄ／λで決まる透過０次回折効率を約８０％以上にできる。 For example, the 0th-order diffraction efficiency of a rectangular diffraction grating, that is, the ratio of the component that transmits straight through the incident light can be calculated by cos (πφ) 2 where φ is the coefficient of the phase term. When Δnd / λ, which is a phase term coefficient when passing once (transmission), is compared with a case where φ = 2Δnd / λ, which is a phase term coefficient when passing twice (reflection), For visible light, the reflection zero-order diffraction efficiency determined by 2Δnd / λ (characteristic shown by the solid line in FIG. 19), which is the coefficient of the reflection phase term, can be reduced to less than 30%, and for infrared light, the coefficient of the transmission phase term The transmission zero-order diffraction efficiency determined by Δnd / λ can be about 80% or more.
また、本例においては、凸部２２１の材料と凹凸充填部材とが、少なくとも赤外域の対象波長帯において、略一致した屈折率を有しているとよい。例えば、凸部２２１が、赤外域の近傍に反射帯を有する多層膜や、赤外域の近傍（可視域と赤外域の間もしくは赤外域の対象波長域よりも長波長側）に吸収を有する色素や顔料を含有する材料により形成され、凹部２２２が、該材料と赤外域（特に対象波長域）で屈折率が近いもしくは一致する材料で充填されていてもよい。一般に、反射帯を有する多層膜や吸収を有する材料は、屈折率の異常分散が生じており、特に反射帯や吸収帯の近傍の屈折率が急激に変化する。このような特性を利用すれば、可視域の対象波長域と赤外域の対象波長域との屈折率差が大きくなるよう調整できる。回折構造２２が、このような材料と、該材料と赤外域の少なくとも対象波長域で屈折率が略一致する材料との組み合わせで形成されるよう調整できれば、可視光のみに回折作用を生じさせることも可能である。 In this example, it is preferable that the material of the convex portion 221 and the concave-convex filling member have substantially the same refractive index at least in the target wavelength band in the infrared region. For example, the convex portion 221 has a multilayer film having a reflection band in the vicinity of the infrared region, or a dye having absorption in the vicinity of the infrared region (between the visible region and the infrared region or longer than the target wavelength region of the infrared region). And the concave portion 222 may be filled with a material having a refractive index close to or coincident with the material in the infrared region (particularly, the target wavelength region). In general, a multilayer film having a reflection band and a material having absorption cause anomalous dispersion of the refractive index, and particularly the refractive index in the vicinity of the reflection band and the absorption band changes abruptly. By using such characteristics, it is possible to adjust the refractive index difference between the target wavelength range in the visible range and the target wavelength range in the infrared range. If the diffractive structure 22 can be adjusted so as to be formed of a combination of such a material and a material having a refractive index that substantially matches at least in the target wavelength region of the infrared region, a diffractive action is caused only in visible light. Is also possible.
また、回折構造２２は、回折作用によって光（特に、可視光）を、例えば、Ｘ方向だけでなくＹ方向（成分）にも偏向させるなど、２次元的な散乱作用を付与できるものが好ましく、例えば、２次元の凹凸構造であってもよい。 In addition, the diffractive structure 22 is preferably capable of imparting a two-dimensional scattering action, such as deflecting light (particularly visible light) not only in the X direction but also in the Y direction (component) by diffractive action, For example, a two-dimensional uneven structure may be used.
図２０は、赤外光の入射に対する、回折構造２２による透過成分の光量分布の角度依存性の例を示すグラフである。図２０において、横軸は透過成分の出射角度θ［°］を表し、縦軸は光強度を表している。一般に、回折作用を発現させる機能を有する回折構造に光が入射すると、直進透過光となる０次回折光と、いわゆる回折光、すなわち直進以外の方向に進む偏向光となる高次回折光という、大別して２種類の回折光を生じる。一般的に０次回折光は高次回折光よりも強度が十分に強い。このため、回折構造２２に赤外光が入射して高次回折光が発生したとしても、図２０に示すような強いコントラストが得られやすい。 FIG. 20 is a graph showing an example of the angle dependency of the light amount distribution of the transmission component by the diffraction structure 22 with respect to the incidence of infrared light. In FIG. 20, the horizontal axis represents the outgoing angle θ [°] of the transmissive component, and the vertical axis represents the light intensity. In general, when light is incident on a diffractive structure having a function of exhibiting a diffractive action, it is roughly divided into zero-order diffracted light that becomes straight transmitted light and so-called diffracted light, that is, high-order diffracted light that becomes deflected light traveling in a direction other than straight light. Two types of diffracted light are generated. In general, 0th-order diffracted light is sufficiently stronger than higher-order diffracted light. For this reason, even if infrared light enters the diffractive structure 22 and high-order diffracted light is generated, a strong contrast as shown in FIG. 20 is easily obtained.
当該光学部材２０における赤外光の入射光量に対する０次回折光の光量の比をＴ０とした場合、Ｔ０が７５％以上となるように回折構造２２が調整されるのが好ましい。なお、Ｔ０は７５％以上が好ましいが、８５％以上がより好ましく、９０％以上がさらに好ましく、９５％以上が最も好ましい。なお、この場合の「０次回折光」には反射０次回折光は含まれない。以下、赤外光について「０次回折光」といった場合には、透過光のうちの０次回折光を指す。なお、上述したように、Ｔ０の代わりにヘイズ値を用いてもよい。 When the ratio of the light amount of the 0th-order diffracted light to the incident light amount of the infrared light in the optical member 20 is T 0 , the diffractive structure 22 is preferably adjusted so that T 0 is 75% or more. T 0 is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more. The “0th order diffracted light” in this case does not include reflected 0th order diffracted light. Hereinafter, in the case of “0th order diffracted light” with respect to infrared light, it refers to 0th order diffracted light of transmitted light. As described above, it may be used haze value instead of T 0.
回折構造２２は、当該光学部材２０における赤外光の入射光量に対する高次回折光量の総光量の比をＴ１とし、Ｔ１’＝Ｔ１／（Ｔ０＋Ｔ１）×１００［％］とした場合、Ｔ１’が１０％以下となるよう調整されるのが好ましい。なお、Ｔ１’は１０％以下が好ましいが、５％以下がより好ましく、２％以下がさらに好ましい。なお、上記の「高次回折光」には反射成分は含まれない。以下、赤外光について「高次回折光」といった場合には、透過成分のうちの０次以外の回折光、すなわち、１次回折光、２次回折光、３次回折光・・・を指す。また、計測に用いる透過光の角度を限定する場合であって、θ２として１０°以下とする場合には、上述したように、Ｔ１’は３％以下が好ましく、２％以下がより好ましく、１％以下がさらに好ましい。 In the diffractive structure 22, the ratio of the total light amount of the higher-order diffracted light amount to the incident light amount of the infrared light in the optical member 20 is T 1, and T 1 ′ = T 1 / (T 0 + T 1 ) × 100 [%] In this case, it is preferable that T 1 ′ is adjusted to be 10% or less. T 1 ′ is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and further preferably 2% or less. The “high-order diffracted light” does not include a reflection component. Hereinafter, when referring to infrared light as “high-order diffracted light”, it refers to diffracted light other than the 0th order among transmitted components, that is, first-order diffracted light, second-order diffracted light, third-order diffracted light,. Further, when the angle of transmitted light used for measurement is limited and θ 2 is set to 10 ° or less, as described above, T 1 ′ is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2% or less. 1% or less is more preferable.
また、図示省略するが、選択反射部２３の表面に溝を設けて凸部２２１の材料とするなど、選択反射部２３と回折構造２２とが一体形成されてもよく、このようにすると、回折構造２２（より具体的には凸部２２１）から選択反射部１３へ入射する際の反射を低減でき、赤外光の直進透過率を高められる。 Although not shown, the selective reflection portion 23 and the diffractive structure 22 may be integrally formed by providing a groove on the surface of the selective reflection portion 23 to form the material of the convex portion 221. The reflection at the time of entering the selective reflection portion 13 from the structure 22 (more specifically, the convex portion 221) can be reduced, and the straight transmittance of infrared light can be increased.
また、一般に、高次回折光が発生し、回折構造２２により発生する高次回折光の数をＮとした場合、高次回折光の光量は１／Ｎに比例して小さくなる近似ができる。なお、発生する高次回折光の数Ｎは、散乱性を大きくできるので、１００以上が好ましく、１０００以上がより好ましい。また、一般に、高次回折光による回折角度を大きくしようとすると凹凸構造（格子ピッチ）を小さくできるので、素子面を視認した場合の均一性を上げることができる。したがって、回折構造２２単体による回折特性として、可視光の高次回折光の光量分布の半値全幅（以下、ＦＷＨＭ）は、５°以上が好ましく、１０°以上がより好ましく、２０°以上がさらに好ましい。 In general, when high-order diffracted light is generated and the number of high-order diffracted light generated by the diffractive structure 22 is N, the amount of high-order diffracted light can be approximated to become smaller in proportion to 1 / N. The number N of high-order diffracted light generated is preferably 100 or more, and more preferably 1000 or more, because the scattering property can be increased. In general, if the diffraction angle by high-order diffracted light is increased, the concavo-convex structure (grating pitch) can be reduced, so that the uniformity when the element surface is viewed can be improved. Therefore, as the diffraction characteristics of the diffractive structure 22 alone, the full width at half maximum (hereinafter referred to as FWHM) of the light amount distribution of the high-order diffracted light of visible light is preferably 5 ° or more, more preferably 10 ° or more, and further preferably 20 ° or more.
以上のように、本実施形態によれば、可視光のうち所望の色を発現する特定波長の光に対して反射散乱性が高く、特定波長の光以外の光に対して高い吸収を有し、かつ赤外光の直進透過性が高い反射散乱部を含む光学部材を提供できる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the reflection / scattering property is high with respect to light of a specific wavelength that expresses a desired color in visible light, and the absorption is high with respect to light other than light of the specific wavelength. In addition, it is possible to provide an optical member that includes a reflection / scattering part that has a high straight-line transmittance for infrared light.
また、特定可視光吸収部１５の吸収材料を組み合わせることにより容易に色味を調整できるので、複雑な設計を伴わずに色再現範囲の広い光学部材を提供できる。 In addition, since the color can be easily adjusted by combining the absorbing material of the specific visible light absorbing portion 15, an optical member having a wide color reproduction range can be provided without complicated design.
なお、上記の各光学部材において、吸収反射散乱部またはそれを支える基材の反視認側に、可視光を吸収して赤外光を透過する吸収部材や、可視光を反射して赤外光を透過する反射部材のいずれかを有していてもよい。 In each of the optical members described above, an absorbing member that absorbs visible light and transmits infrared light, or an infrared light that reflects visible light on the non-viewing side of the absorbing / reflecting / scattering portion or the base material supporting the absorbing / scattering portion. Any of the reflecting members that transmit light may be included.
図２１（ａ）は、上記の吸収部材を備える光学部材１０の例を示す構成図であり、図２１（ｂ）は、上記の反射部材を備える光学部材１０の例を示す構成図である。図２１（ａ）に示す例において、光学部材１０は、吸収反射散乱部１１の反視認側に、可視光を吸収して赤外光を透過する吸収部材１６をさらに備えている。また、図２１（ｂ）に示す例において、光学部材１０は、吸収反射散乱部１１の反視認側に、可視光を反射して赤外光を透過する反射部材１７とを備えている。 Fig.21 (a) is a block diagram which shows the example of the optical member 10 provided with said absorption member, and FIG.21 (b) is a block diagram which shows the example of the optical member 10 provided with said reflection member. In the example shown in FIG. 21A, the optical member 10 further includes an absorbing member 16 that absorbs visible light and transmits infrared light on the non-viewing side of the absorption reflection scattering portion 11. In the example shown in FIG. 21B, the optical member 10 includes a reflection member 17 that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light on the non-viewing side of the absorption reflection scattering portion 11.
このような構成によれば、透過する可視光をさらに低減できる。また、吸収部材１６は、上記の光学部材が備える基材（例えば、基材３４、３４ａ、３４ｂ、４４、４４ａ、５４、６４、７４等）によって実現されてもよい。すなわち、該基材が吸収剤等を含むことによって、吸収部材１６が構成されてもよい。 According to such a configuration, it is possible to further reduce the transmitted visible light. Further, the absorbing member 16 may be realized by a base material (for example, the base materials 34, 34a, 34b, 44, 44a, 54, 64, 74, etc.) provided in the optical member. That is, the absorbent member 16 may be configured by the base material containing an absorbent or the like.
実施形態２．
次に、本発明の第２の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。図２２は、本発明の第２の実施形態にかかる光学装置の例を示す構成図である。
Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 22 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an optical device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
図２２に示す光学装置１００は、筐体４内に、赤外光発光部２および／または赤外光受光部３を有している。また、光学装置１００は、筐体４に設けられた開口部を覆うように光学部材１が設けられている。このような構成とすることにより、赤外光は、光学部材１を通して筐体４の外部へ受発光される。 An optical device 100 shown in FIG. 22 has an infrared light emitting unit 2 and / or an infrared light receiving unit 3 in a housing 4. The optical device 100 is provided with the optical member 1 so as to cover an opening provided in the housing 4. With such a configuration, infrared light is received and emitted to the outside of the housing 4 through the optical member 1.
光学装置１００は、例えば、赤外光を用いて画像を撮影するカメラ装置や、赤外光を用いて、物体の距離や近くの物体の有無を検出する距離センサ、近接センサなどの計測装置や、赤外光を用いて情報通信などを行う通信装置や、赤外光を用いて虹彩や指紋、静脈の認証などの生態認証などを行う認証装置といった赤外光を利用した光学装置である。 The optical device 100 is, for example, a camera device that captures an image using infrared light, a distance sensor that detects the distance of an object or the presence or absence of a nearby object using infrared light, a measuring device such as a proximity sensor, An optical device using infrared light, such as a communication device that performs information communication using infrared light, and an authentication device that performs biometric authentication such as iris, fingerprint, and vein authentication using infrared light.
また、筐体４は、赤外光発光部２や赤外光受光部３以外の他の機能を発揮する機器を囲っていてもよい。 Further, the housing 4 may surround a device that exhibits other functions than the infrared light emitting unit 2 and the infrared light receiving unit 3.
赤外光発光部２は、ランプなどに限らず、ＬＥＤやレーザ光源を用いたものであってもよい。また、赤外光発光部２は、自身が赤外光を発光する機能を有するものに限らず、他で発光された赤外光を出力する送信部であってもよい。 The infrared light emitting unit 2 is not limited to a lamp or the like, but may be an LED or a laser light source. In addition, the infrared light emitting unit 2 is not limited to the one having a function of emitting infrared light, but may be a transmitting unit that outputs infrared light emitted by another.
また、赤外光受光部３は、フォトダイオードのような単一の受光素子に限らず、ＣＭＯＳセンサなどのように、画像情報を取得するものであってもよい。 In addition, the infrared light receiving unit 3 is not limited to a single light receiving element such as a photodiode, and may be a unit that acquires image information such as a CMOS sensor.
光学部材１は、赤外光を透過し、可視光のうち特定波長の光を反射散乱させ、特定波長以外の光を吸収する機能を有する赤外光透過フィルタであって、筐体４の外部から見た場合に特定の色に着色されたように見えるようになっている。光学部材１は、例えば、第１の実施形態で示した光学部材１０〜７０のいずれかであってもよい。 The optical member 1 is an infrared light transmission filter having a function of transmitting infrared light, reflecting and scattering light having a specific wavelength of visible light, and absorbing light having a wavelength other than the specific wavelength. When viewed from the above, it appears to be colored in a specific color. For example, the optical member 1 may be any one of the optical members 10 to 70 shown in the first embodiment.
このような構成であれば、赤外光の送信感度および／または受信感度を低下させずに、かつ筐体の開口部が特定の色に着色されたように見える光学装置が得られる。 With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain an optical device that does not decrease the transmission sensitivity and / or reception sensitivity of infrared light and that the opening of the housing appears to be colored in a specific color.
まず、赤色を発現するための特定可視光吸収部１５としての赤色着色樹脂材料の調製例を示す。本例では、アクリロイルモルフォリン（ＫＪケミカルズ社製、商品名ＡＣＭＯ）、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート（新中村工業社製、商品名Ａ−ＤＣＰ）の等量組成物に、トクシキ社製赤色分散液（８６４９ＲＥＤ、pigment red 177、平均粒径８６ｎｍ）を加えた。その後、溶剤を減圧留去し、さらに、光開始剤としてＩＣ７５４（ＢＡＳＦジャパン株式会社製）を加え、赤色着色材料とした。このとき、赤色顔料と光開始剤の固形分濃度はそれぞれ５重量％、３重量％であった。１０μｍに成膜したときの分光透過率を図２３に示す。なお、アクリロイルモルフォリンとトリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレートの等量混合物の９４０ｎｍにおける屈折率は１．５２であった。 First, the preparation example of the red colored resin material as the specific visible light absorption part 15 for expressing red is shown. In this example, red dispersion produced by Tokushiki Co., Ltd. was used in an equivalent composition of acryloylmorpholine (trade name ACMO, manufactured by KJ Chemicals) and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (trade name A-DCP, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The solution (8649RED, pigment red 177, average particle size 86 nm) was added. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and IC754 (manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) was added as a photoinitiator to obtain a red colored material. At this time, the solid content concentrations of the red pigment and the photoinitiator were 5 wt% and 3 wt%, respectively. FIG. 23 shows the spectral transmittance when the film is formed to a thickness of 10 μm. The refractive index at 940 nm of an equal amount mixture of acryloylmorpholine and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate was 1.52.
また、緑色を発現するための特定可視光吸収部１５としての緑色着色樹脂材料の調製例を示す。本例では、アクリロイルモルフォリン、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレートの等量組成物に、トクシキ社製緑色分散液（８４３８ＧＲＥＥＮ、pigment yellow 180とpigment blue 15:1の混合物、平均粒径３４０ｎｍ）を加えた。その後、溶剤を減圧留去し、さらに、光開始剤としてＩＣ７５４を加え、緑色着色樹脂材料とした。このとき、緑色顔料と光開始剤の固形分濃度はともに３重量％であった。１０μｍに成膜したときの分光透過率を図２３に示す。 Moreover, the preparation example of the green coloring resin material as the specific visible light absorption part 15 for expressing green is shown. In this example, an equivalent composition of acryloylmorpholine and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate was added with a Tokushi green dispersion (8438GREEN, a mixture of pigment yellow 180 and pigment blue 15: 1, average particle size of 340 nm). It was. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and further IC754 was added as a photoinitiator to obtain a green colored resin material. At this time, the solid content concentrations of the green pigment and the photoinitiator were both 3% by weight. FIG. 23 shows the spectral transmittance when the film is formed to a thickness of 10 μm.
また、青色を発現するための特定可視光吸収部１５としての青色着色樹脂材料の調製例を示す。アクリロイルモルフォリン、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレートの等量組成物に、トクシキ社製緑色分散液（８５３７ＢＬＵＥ、pigment blue 15:1、平均粒径３４０ｎｍ）を加えた。その後、溶剤を減圧留去し、さらに、光開始剤としてＩＣ７５４を加え、青色着色樹脂材料とした。このとき、青色顔料と光開始剤の固形分濃度はともに３重量％であった。１０μｍに成膜したときの分光透過率を図２３に示す。 Moreover, the preparation example of the blue coloring resin material as the specific visible light absorption part 15 for expressing blue is shown. Tokusiki green dispersion (8537BLUE, pigment blue 15: 1, average particle size 340 nm) was added to an equivalent composition of acryloylmorpholine and tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate. Thereafter, the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and IC754 was further added as a photoinitiator to obtain a blue colored resin material. At this time, the solid content concentrations of the blue pigment and the photoinitiator were both 3% by weight. FIG. 23 shows the spectral transmittance when the film is formed to a thickness of 10 μm.
図２３では、“Ｒ”が赤色着色樹脂材料の成膜後の分光透過率を表し、“Ｇ”が緑色着色樹脂材料の成膜後の分光透過率を表し、“Ｂ”が青色着色樹脂材料の成膜後の分光透過率を表す。 In FIG. 23, “R” represents the spectral transmittance after deposition of the red colored resin material, “G” represents the spectral transmittance after deposition of the green colored resin material, and “B” represents the blue colored resin material. Represents the spectral transmittance after the film formation.
次に、上記の各着色樹脂材料を用いた光学部材の例を示す。本例は、図３に示す構成の光学部材３０の実施例である。 Next, examples of optical members using the above colored resin materials will be shown. This example is an example of the optical member 30 having the configuration shown in FIG.
まず、波長９５０ｎｍにおいて屈折率が１．５１となる厚さ０．７ｍｍのガラス基板であって凹凸面３４１を有するガラス基板上に、選択反射膜３３として、ＳｉＯ２とＴａ２Ｏ５からなる表２に示す構成の多層膜を成膜した。 First, on a glass substrate having a refractive index of 1.51 at a wavelength of 950 nm and a thickness of 0.7 mm and having a concavo-convex surface 341, as a selective reflection film 33, a table made of SiO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 is used. A multilayer film having the structure shown in 2 was formed.
図２４は、本例の多層膜の透過率特性を示すグラフである。図２４に示すように、本例の多層膜は、可視域の光に対して低い透過率かつ、波長９００ｎｍ以上の光に対して高い透過率特性を示した。 FIG. 24 is a graph showing the transmittance characteristics of the multilayer film of this example. As shown in FIG. 24, the multilayer film of this example showed a low transmittance for light in the visible range and a high transmittance characteristic for light having a wavelength of 900 nm or more.
なお、ガラス基板は表面微細加工されており、図６に示すような不規則に配置された球面状の多数の凹型のレンズ部３４３を含む凹凸面３４１を有している。各々のレンズ部３４３は、基準となるピッチ６０μｍのハニカム配置に対して頂点位置がピッチの２５％の半径内に位置するように配置されている。このような凹凸面は、ガラス基板の一方の面に対して、各々のレンズ部３４３の頂点位置に相当する位置に直径３μｍの初期開口を有するＭｏマスクをウェットエッチングすることにより形成した。当該凹凸面におけるレンズ部３４３の平均的な曲率半径は１００μｍであり、隣り合うレンズ部３４３の境界部分すなわち各々のレンズ部３４３の端部における平均的な傾斜角度は１８°と計算された。当該角度は、０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／１．５１）よりも小さい値となっている。また、本例の基材の凹凸面は、可視光が入射する有効領域内において、傾斜角度が０．５×ａｓｉｎ（１／１．５１）以内となる領域が少なくとも９７％以上となっている。なお、レンズ部３４３のｒ／Ｒの平均は０．３２である。また、素子の平面図は図６に類似の稜線を持つ構造として観察され、可視光が入射する有効領域内の全ての凹部の幅ｗが５μｍ以上であった。また、当該凹凸面におけるレンズ部３４３の平均的なｓａｇ（深さ）は４．６μｍであった。 Note that the glass substrate is finely processed on the surface and has an uneven surface 341 including a large number of spherical concave lens portions 343 arranged irregularly as shown in FIG. Each lens portion 343 is arranged such that the apex position is located within a radius of 25% of the pitch with respect to the honeycomb arrangement having a reference pitch of 60 μm. Such a concavo-convex surface was formed by wet-etching a Mo mask having an initial opening with a diameter of 3 μm at a position corresponding to the apex position of each lens portion 343 on one surface of the glass substrate. The average radius of curvature of the lens portion 343 on the uneven surface was 100 μm, and the average inclination angle at the boundary portion between adjacent lens portions 343, that is, the end portion of each lens portion 343 was calculated to be 18 °. The angle is smaller than 0.5 × asin (1 / 1.51). Moreover, the uneven | corrugated surface of the base material of this example has at least 97% or more of the region where the inclination angle is within 0.5 × asin (1 / 1.51) within the effective region where the visible light is incident. . The average r / R of the lens portion 343 is 0.32. Further, the plan view of the element was observed as a structure having a ridge line similar to that in FIG. 6, and the width w of all the concave portions in the effective region where the visible light was incident was 5 μm or more. Moreover, the average sag (depth) of the lens part 343 in the said uneven | corrugated surface was 4.6 micrometers.
ガラス基板の凹凸面上に上記多層膜を成膜すると、多層膜の表面も凹凸形状となる。すなわち、多層膜にもガラス基板の凹凸面と略同一形状の凹凸面３３１が形成される。このようにして、凹凸面３３１を有する多層膜を備えた基材を得た。このようにして得た２０ｍｍ四方（２０×２０ｍｍ）の基材を用いて、次に示す３種の光学部材３０（光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂ）を作製した。 When the multilayer film is formed on the uneven surface of the glass substrate, the surface of the multilayer film also has an uneven shape. That is, an uneven surface 331 having substantially the same shape as the uneven surface of the glass substrate is also formed in the multilayer film. Thus, the base material provided with the multilayer film which has the uneven surface 331 was obtained. Using the 20 mm square (20 × 20 mm) base material thus obtained, the following three types of optical members 30 (optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B) were produced.
光学部材３０Ｒは、着色樹脂材料層３５の材料に上記の赤色着色樹脂材料を用いた例である。また、光学部材３０Ｇは、着色樹脂材料層３５の材料に上記の緑着色樹脂材料を用いた例である。また、光学部材３０Ｂは、着色樹脂材料層３５の材料に上記の青色着色樹脂材料を用いた例である。 The optical member 30 </ b> R is an example in which the above-described red colored resin material is used as the material of the colored resin material layer 35. The optical member 30G is an example in which the green colored resin material is used as the material of the colored resin material layer 35. The optical member 30 </ b> B is an example in which the blue colored resin material is used as the material of the colored resin material layer 35.
得られた２０ｍｍ四方の基材の該多層膜上に、各着色樹脂材料をそれぞれ７μＬ滴下した。滴下後、厚さ０．２１ｍｍのＤ２６３ガラス（松浪ガラス工業社製）を被せ、着色樹脂材料の上面が平坦になるようにプレスした。その状態で、紫外線照射装置であるファイバー型ＵＶ露光機（浜松フォトニクス社製：スポット光ＬＣ６）により、３００ｍＷ／ｃｍ２となるＵＶ光を１０秒間照射することにより、光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂを得た。なお、得られた各光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂそれぞれにおける着色樹脂材料層の面内での平均的厚みは１５μｍであり、ガラス基板上の多層膜に形成された凹凸面３３１における凹部を全て被覆した上で上面が平坦化されている。 7 μL of each colored resin material was dropped onto the multilayer film of the obtained 20 mm square base material. After the dropping, D263 glass (manufactured by Matsunami Glass Industry Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 0.21 mm was covered and pressed so that the upper surface of the colored resin material became flat. In this state, the optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B are obtained by irradiating UV light of 300 mW / cm 2 for 10 seconds with a fiber type UV exposure machine (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd .: spot light LC6) that is an ultraviolet irradiation device. It was. In addition, the average thickness in the plane of the colored resin material layer in each of the obtained optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B is 15 μm, and covers all the recesses on the uneven surface 331 formed in the multilayer film on the glass substrate. In addition, the upper surface is flattened.
得られた光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂの分光透過率を図２５に示す。また、表３に、得られた光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂに対して、コニカミノルタ社製、分光色測計ＣＭ−２６００ｄを用い、色成分の分析を行った結果を示す。 FIG. 25 shows spectral transmittances of the obtained optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B. Table 3 shows the results of analyzing the color components of the obtained optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B using a spectrocolorimeter CM-2600d manufactured by Konica Minolta.
これより、可視光のいずれの波長においても透過率が低い一方、近赤外（例えば９４０ｎｍ）における透過率が高く、さらに、色測定の結果から、所望の色を発現していることがわかる。また、光学部材３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂに対して、視野角度を変化させて色味の確認をしたところ、どの角度から見ても色味の変化はなかった。 From this, while the transmittance is low at any wavelength of visible light, the transmittance in the near infrared (for example, 940 nm) is high, and it can be seen from the results of color measurement that a desired color is developed. Moreover, when the viewing angle was changed with respect to the optical members 30R, 30G, and 30B and the color was confirmed, there was no change in the color when viewed from any angle.
本発明は、赤外光を利用する様々な装置に好適に利用できる。 The present invention can be suitably used for various devices using infrared light.
１００ 光学装置
２ 赤外光発光部
３ 赤外光受光部
４ 筐体
１、１０、２０、３０、３０Ｒ、３０Ｇ、３０Ｂ、４０、５０、６０、７０ 光学部材
１１ 吸収反射散乱部
１２、１２ａ、１２ｂ 散乱部
１３ 選択反射部
１４、１４ａ、１４ｂ 基材
１５、１５ａ、１５ｂ 特定可視光吸収部
１６ 吸収部材
１７ 反射部材
１０１ａ、１０１ｂ 赤外光
１０２、１０２ａ、１０２ｂ、１０２ｃ、１０２ｄ 可視光
１０２１、１０２１ａ、１０２１ｂ 特定波長の光
１０３ 検査光
２１ 吸収反射散乱部
２２ 回折構造
２２１ 凸部
２２２ 凹部
２３ 選択反射部
２４ 基材
２５ 着色樹脂材料層
２６ 充填部
３１ 吸収反射散乱部
３３ 選択反射膜
３３１、３３１ａ、３３１ｂ 凹凸面
３４、３４ａ、３４ｂ 基材
３４１、３４１ａ、３４１ｂ 凹凸面
３４２、３４２ａ、３４２ｂ 凹凸構造
３４３ レンズ部
３４５ 稜線
３５、３５ａ、３５ｂ 着色樹脂材料層
３５’ 着色樹脂材料
３５１、３５１ａ、３５１ｂ 凹凸面
３５２、３５２ａ、３５２ｂ 凹凸構造
３５３ 出射界面
３６ 基材
４１、５１、６１ 吸収反射散乱部
４３ コレステリック相液晶層
４３１、４３１ａ、４３１ｂ 凹凸面
４４、４４ａ、４４ｂ、５４、６４、７４ 基材
４４１ａ 凹凸面
４５、４５ｂ、５５、６５ 着色樹脂材料層
４５１、４５１ａ、４５１ｂ 凹凸面
４５２、４５２ａ、４５２ｂ 凹凸構造
４３、５３ コレステリック相液晶層
４６ 第２の選択反射部
６３、７３ 選択反射部
６２ 微粒子含有樹脂層
７６ 散乱吸収樹脂層
９１ 赤外透過黒色印刷層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Optical apparatus 2 Infrared light emission part 3 Infrared light light-receiving part 4 Case 1, 10, 20, 30, 30R, 30G, 30B, 40, 50, 60, 70 Optical member 11 Absorption reflection scattering part 12, 12a, 12b Scattering part 13 Selective reflecting part 14, 14a, 14b Base material 15, 15a, 15b Specific visible light absorbing part 16 Absorbing member 17 Reflecting member 101a, 101b Infrared light 102, 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d Visible light 1021, 1021a , 1021b Light of specific wavelength 103 Inspection light 21 Absorption reflection scattering part 22 Diffraction structure 221 Convex part 222 Concave part 23 Selective reflection part 24 Base material 25 Colored resin material layer 26 Filling part 31 Absorption reflection scattering part 33 Selective reflection film 331, 331a, 331b Uneven surface 34, 34a, 34b Substrate 341, 341a, 341b Uneven surface 342, 3 42a, 342b Uneven structure 343 Lens portion 345 Ridge line 35, 35a, 35b Colored resin material layer 35 'Colored resin material 351, 351a, 351b Uneven surface 352, 352a, 352b Uneven structure 353 Output interface 36 Base material 41, 51, 61 Absorption Reflective scattering portion 43 Cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 431, 431a, 431b Uneven surface 44, 44a, 44b, 54, 64, 74 Base material 441a Uneven surface 45, 45b, 55, 65 Colored resin material layer 451, 451a, 451b Uneven surface 452 , 452a, 452b Uneven structure 43, 53 Cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer 46 Second selective reflection portion 63, 73 Selective reflection portion 62 Fine particle-containing resin layer 76 Scattering absorption resin layer 91 Infrared transmission black print layer
Claims (15)
赤外域の少なくとも前記一部の波長帯域の光に対する直進透過率が７５％以上であり、
可視光が入射すると、前記特定の色に着色されているように観察される
ことを特徴とする光学部材。 Reflects and scatters light of a specific wavelength corresponding to a specific color, which is light in at least a part of the wavelength band in the visible range, absorbs light other than the specific wavelength, and has at least a part of the wavelength band of the infrared range It has an absorption reflection scattering part that transmits light,
The straight transmittance for light in at least the partial wavelength band in the infrared region is 75% or more,
When visible light is incident, the optical member is observed to be colored in the specific color.
可視域の光を反射し、赤外域の少なくとも前記一部の波長帯域の光を透過する選択反射部と、
前記可視域の光を散乱させる散乱部と、
前記可視域のうち前記特定波長以外の光を吸収する特定可視光吸収部とを含み、
前記選択反射部に対して、前記散乱部と前記特定可視光吸収部とが、赤外光の入射側もしくは出射側であるとともに可視光が入射する側のうち予め定めた一方の側である第１の側から見て、特定可視光吸収部、散乱部、選択反射部の順で設けられている
請求項１に記載の光学部材。 The absorption reflection scattering portion is
A selective reflection portion that reflects light in the visible region and transmits light in at least the partial wavelength band in the infrared region;
A scattering portion that scatters light in the visible range;
A specific visible light absorber that absorbs light other than the specific wavelength in the visible range,
The scattering unit and the specific visible light absorbing unit are the infrared light incident side or the outgoing side and the predetermined incident side of the visible light incident side with respect to the selective reflection unit. The optical member according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is provided in the order of a specific visible light absorbing portion, a scattering portion, and a selective reflection portion as viewed from the side of 1.
前記特定可視光吸収部は、前記凹凸面上に積層される、着色材料を含む樹脂層である着色樹脂層であり、
前記特定可視光吸収部の前記散乱部と接する側の面が前記選択反射部の前記凹凸面と嵌合する形状の凹凸面であるとともに、その反対側の面が平坦であり、
前記着色樹脂層と、前記選択反射部の前記第１の側に対して他方の側である第２の側表面と接している基材の、赤外域の少なくとも前記一部の波長帯域における屈折率が略一致している
請求項２に記載の光学部材。 The scattering portion is an uneven surface formed on the first side surface of the selective reflection portion,
The specific visible light absorbing portion is a colored resin layer that is a resin layer containing a coloring material, which is laminated on the uneven surface,
The surface on the side in contact with the scattering portion of the specific visible light absorbing portion is an uneven surface of a shape that fits with the uneven surface of the selective reflection portion, and the opposite surface is flat,
Refractive index in the wavelength region of at least part of the infrared region of the colored resin layer and the base material in contact with the second side surface that is the other side of the first reflective reflection portion The optical member according to claim 2.
前記特定可視光吸収部は、前記凹凸面上に積層された第１の基材上に配される、着色材料を含む樹脂層である着色樹脂層であり、
前記第１の基材の前記散乱部と接する側の面が前記選択反射部の前記凹凸面と嵌合する形状の凹凸面であるとともに、その反対側の面が平坦であり、
前記第１の基材と、前記選択反射部の前記第１の側に対して他方の側である第２の側表面と接している第２の基材の、赤外域の少なくとも前記一部の波長帯域における屈折率が略一致している
請求項２に記載の光学部材。 The scattering portion is an uneven surface formed on the first side surface of the selective reflection portion,
The specific visible light absorbing portion is a colored resin layer that is a resin layer containing a coloring material and disposed on the first base material laminated on the uneven surface,
The surface of the first substrate that is in contact with the scattering portion is an uneven surface of a shape that fits with the uneven surface of the selective reflection portion, and the opposite surface is flat,
At least a part of the infrared region of the first base material and the second base material that is in contact with the second side surface that is the other side with respect to the first side of the selective reflection portion. The optical member according to claim 2, wherein the refractive indexes in the wavelength band are approximately the same.
請求項３または請求項４に記載の光学部材。 The optical member according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the coloring material is at least one of a dye dissolved in a resin material and an organic pigment dispersed in the resin material.
請求項５に記載の光学部材。 The optical member according to claim 5, wherein a particle diameter of the organic pigment is 500 nm or less.
請求項５または請求項６に記載の光学部材。 The optical member according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a ratio of the coloring material in the resin material is 1 wt% to 20 wt%.
請求項２から請求項７のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 The optical member according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a thickness of the colored resin layer is 10 µm or more and 50 µm or less.
請求項２から請求項８のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 9. The dielectric multilayer film according to claim 2, wherein the selective reflection unit is a dielectric multilayer film that reflects light in a visible region and transmits light in at least a part of the wavelength region in the infrared region. Optical member.
前記特定可視光吸収部は、着色材料を含む樹脂層である着色樹脂層であり、
前記着色樹脂層は、前記回折構造の凹部を少なくとも充填するように配されるか、前記凹部を少なくとも充填するように配される第１の基材上に積層される
請求項２、５−９のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 The scattering portion is a diffractive structure that diffracts light in at least the partial wavelength band in the visible range,
The specific visible light absorbing portion is a colored resin layer that is a resin layer containing a coloring material,
The colored resin layer is disposed so as to fill at least the concave portion of the diffractive structure, or is laminated on a first base material disposed so as to fill at least the concave portion. An optical member according to any one of the above.
前記散乱部は、第１の側を上層とした場合に、最上層に位置する前記コレステリック相液晶層の表面に形成される凹凸面であり、
前記特定可視光吸収部は、着色材料を含む樹脂層である着色樹脂層であり、
前記着色樹脂層は、前記コレステリック相液晶層の前記凹凸面の凹部を少なくとも充填するように配されるか、前記凹部を少なくとも充填するように配される第１の基材上に積層される
請求項２、５−９のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 The selective reflection portion is one or a plurality of cholesteric phase liquid crystal layers in which a selective reflection band is set in a visible range,
The scattering portion is an uneven surface formed on the surface of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer located in the uppermost layer when the first side is an upper layer,
The specific visible light absorbing portion is a colored resin layer that is a resin layer containing a coloring material,
The colored resin layer is disposed so as to fill at least a concave portion of the concave-convex surface of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer, or is laminated on a first substrate disposed so as to fill at least the concave portion. Item 10. The optical member according to any one of Items 2 and 5-9.
前記特定可視光吸収部は、着色材料を含む樹脂層である着色樹脂層であり、
前記着色樹脂層は、第１の側を上層とした場合に、最上層に位置する前記コレステリック相液晶層の第１の側に少なくとも配される
請求項２、５−９のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 As the selective reflection part and the scattering part, the absorption reflection scattering part has one or more cholesteric phase liquid crystals having a selective reflection band set in a visible range and having a plurality of regions having different alignment axes in the plane. Including layers,
The specific visible light absorbing portion is a colored resin layer that is a resin layer containing a coloring material,
The colored resin layer is disposed at least on the first side of the cholesteric phase liquid crystal layer located in the uppermost layer when the first side is an upper layer. 10. The optical member described.
請求項２から請求項１２のうちのいずれかに記載の光学部材。 With respect to the selective reflection portion, the scattering portion and the specific visible light absorption portion are specified from the second side, which is the other side of the first side and the first side, respectively. The optical member according to claim 2, which is provided in the order of a visible light absorbing portion, a scattering portion, and a selective reflection portion.
請求項１から請求項１３のうちのいずれか１項に記載の光学部材。 The optical member according to claim 1, wherein the visible region is 400 nm to 750 nm, and the infrared region is 800 nm to 1000 nm.
前記発光部または前記受光部を囲う筐体と、
前記筐体の開口部に設けられる赤外光透過フィルタとを備え、
前記赤外光透過フィルタが、請求項１から請求項１４のうちのいずれか１項に記載の光学部材である
ことを特徴とする光学装置。 A light emitting unit that emits light in a part of the infrared wavelength band, or a light receiving unit that receives light in a part of the infrared wavelength band;
A housing surrounding the light emitting unit or the light receiving unit;
An infrared light transmission filter provided in the opening of the housing;
The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the infrared light transmission filter is the optical member according to claim 1.
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