JP2018534264A - 自己免疫および同種免疫への治療的介入としてのキメラ抗原受容体(car)t細胞 - Google Patents
自己免疫および同種免疫への治療的介入としてのキメラ抗原受容体(car)t細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条(e)の下で、2015年9月28日出願の米国特許出願第62/233,908号に基づく優先権の利益を主張する。
連邦政府後援の研究開発
本発明は国立衛生研究所により認定されたP01 CA142106に基づく政府の支援によって行われた。政府は本研究に一定の権利を有する。
技術分野
本明細書は概して免疫学に関するが、より詳細には、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)T細胞技術に関する。
ヒト患者において自己免疫疾患もしくは同種免疫疾患を治療するために使用することができる、免疫治療の方法を本明細書に記載する。このような方法は典型的には、有効量の遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞を含有する医薬組成物をヒト患者に投与することを含む。本明細書で使用される遺伝子改変T細胞は、キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を発現しコードする核酸配列を含有するように改変されたT細胞を指す。こうした遺伝子改変T細胞は、多くの場合CAR-T細胞と称される。CAR-T細胞の代わりに遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞を使用することができるが、この遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞は、T細胞受容体遺伝子がB細胞、形質細胞もしくは形質芽細胞上の抗原(すなわちペプチド)を認識するように改変されたT細胞を意味する。
(実施例)
ヒトCD19導入遺伝子(huCD19TG)をもっぱら健全なB細胞において発現するマウスを使用した。この細胞はヒトCD19特異的CAR T細胞の移入により死滅するはずであり、on-target/off-target毒性を測る指標となるはずである。これは、ヒトCD19特異的CAR T細胞のヒト臨床試験において観察されるon-target/off-tumor毒性にもっとも近い動物モデルを提供する。
臨床試験に使用されたCAR構築物、hCD19CARは、Michael Jensen博士 (University of Washington, Seattle)により提供された。たとえば配列番号1を参照されたいが、これは、CD19RscFv部分(配列番号1のnt 1-810)、 IgG4ヒンジ部分(配列番号1のnt 811-846)、CD28tm部分(配列番号1のnt 847-930)、4-1BB部分(配列番号1のnt 931-1056)、Zeta部分(配列番号1のnt 1057-1392)、T2A部分(配列番号1のnt 1393-1464)、およびEGFRt 部分(配列番号1のnt 1465-2538)を含有する。マウスT細胞を増殖させ、レトロウイルスに感染させる、公開されたプロトコルを次のように変更した。
通常のCD3+α/βT細胞について、マウス脾細胞をネガティブ濃縮するために磁性ビーズを使用した。脾細胞の単個細胞浮遊液を、骨髄細胞(CD11b、CD11c)、B細胞(CD19、CD45R)、NK細胞(NK1)、γ/δT細胞、および制御性T細胞(CD25)に特異的なビオチン化抗体とともにインキュベートした。ストレプトアビジンと結合した鉄粒子を添加した。そこで、ビオチン化抗体が特異的に結合した細胞は、鉄粒子で覆われた。細胞/鉄粒子混合物の入ったチューブを強磁場におき、未結合細胞を取り除いた。この「ネガティブ濃縮された」細胞は、91-95% CD3+ T細胞を含有した。社内実験プロトコルにしたがって、マウスT細胞を増殖させて感染させた(下記を参照されたい)。
2:1のビーズ:細胞比を得るために必要とされるビーズ(Gibco by Life Technologies DynabeadsマウスTアクチベーターCD3/CD28)の量を計算した。FACSまたは15 mLチューブ内で約3mL PBS + 2% FCS中に必要数のビーズを希釈することによって、ビーズを洗浄した。懸濁したビーズをMPC-50マグネットの中に入れ、1分間ビーズがチューブの側面に集まるようにした。PBS + 2% FCS溶液を用いてサンプルを吸引してから、チューブをマグネットから取り外した。ビーズを新たなPBS + 2% FCS4中に再懸濁して、さらに2回洗浄した。最後の洗浄後、ビーズを、最大1 mLの完全RPMI(DMEM)に再懸濁した。洗浄し再懸濁したビーズをT細胞に加え、ビーズ対細胞比が2:1で、細胞の終濃度が2 x 106 細胞/mLであることを確認した。細胞溶液に100 IU/mL rHuman IL-2を添加した。2 mLの細胞溶液を、24ウェル細胞培養処理プレートの各ウェルに加えた。細胞を37℃にて5% CO2で48時間インキュベートした。
図2に示すように、これらの実験は、レトロウイルスによるex vivo形質導入および増殖が成功していることを示した。
ヒトCD19遺伝子は、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)およびルシフェラーゼをコードするレポーター遺伝子とともに、TBL12と呼ばれるマウスB細胞腫瘍に導入された。この派生体はTBL12.huCD19と称された。親TBL12および派生体TBL12.huCD19株はいずれも、マウスCD19を発現するが、派生株TBL12.huCD19だけがヒトCD19およびGFPを発現する。これら2つのタンパク質はともに、フローサイトメトリーで検出可能である。
抗ヒトCD19 CAR T細胞(0.3 x 106)、またはレポータータンパク質GFPをコードしたレトロウイルスで形質導入された対照T細胞(0.3 x 106)を、huCD19TG+/-マウスに静脈内注射した。4日後、マウスを安楽死させ、脾臓を摘出して、Optimal Cutting Temperature組織保存液(凍結組織切片作製用包埋剤)中で凍結した。薄い(10μm)切片をクリオスタット上で切り出して、固定し、内在性B細胞または養子移植T細胞に特異的なフルオロフォア結合抗体で染色した。組織画像を共焦点顕微鏡によって20Xの倍率で捉えた。
Tregは、EasySep CD4ネガティブ選択およびCD25ポジティブ選択によって、115の野生型(WT)B6マウスのLN + SPから精製された。分析によって、精製産物は99.9% CD4+ CD25+を含有することが明らかになった。精製後、プレート結合抗CD3+(2 μg)およびCD28+抗体(4 μg)を用いて、Tregを4日間活性化した。
Claims (15)
- ヒト患者において自己免疫疾患もしくは同種免疫疾患を治療する方法であって、この方法は:
ヒト患者に医薬組成物を投与することを含み、該医薬組成物は治療上有効な量の遺伝子改変ヒトT細胞集団を含有するものであって、該ヒトT細胞はキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)構築物をコードする核酸配列を含有するように改変されており、該CAR構築物は抗原結合ドメインを含有するものであって、該抗原結合ドメインが自己免疫疾患もしくは同種免疫疾患に罹患したヒト患者のB細胞、形質細胞もしくは形質芽細胞上に発現されるリガンドに特異的である、前記方法。 - T細胞がヒト患者に対して自家性である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- T細胞がヒト患者に対して同種異系である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 自己免疫疾患もしくは同種免疫疾患に罹患したヒト患者のB細胞、形質細胞もしくは形質芽細胞上に発現されるリガンドが、CD10、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD24、CD27、CD38、CD45R、CD138、CD319、およびBCMAからなる一群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 自己免疫疾患が、慢性宿主片対宿主病(GVHD)、ループス、関節炎、免疫複合体糸球体腎炎、グッドパスチャー症候群、ぶどう膜炎、肝炎、 全身性硬化症もしくは強皮症、I型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、寒冷凝集素症、尋常性天疱瘡、グレーブス病、自己免疫性溶血性貧血、血友病A、原発性シェーグレン症候群、血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病、視神経脊髄炎、エヴァンス症候群、IgM介在性ニューロパチー、クリオグロブリン血症、皮膚筋炎、特発性血小板減少症、強直性脊椎炎、水泡性類天疱瘡、後天性血管性浮腫、慢性蕁麻疹、抗リン脂質脱髄性多発ニューロパチー、および自己免疫性血小板減少症もしくは好中球減少症もしくは赤芽球癆からなる一群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 同種免疫疾患が、造血細胞もしくは固形臓器の移植に起因する同種感作または異種感作、輸血、胎児の同種感作を伴う妊娠、新生児同種免疫性血小板減少症、新生児溶血性疾患、酵素もしくはタンパク質補充療法、血液製剤、および遺伝子治療で治療される遺伝性もしくは後天性欠乏症の補充に伴って起こる可能性のある外来抗原への感作、からなる一群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子改変T細胞がヒト患者においてin vivoで増殖する、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子改変T細胞が、抗原結合ドメインにより認識されるリガンドを発現するB細胞、形質細胞、もしくは形質芽細胞に対して、ヒト患者においてメモリーT細胞を生じる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子改変T細胞が、ヒト患者において、投与後少なくとも3か月、投与後少なくとも4か月、投与後少なくとも5か月、投与後少なくとも6か月、投与後少なくとも7か月、投与後少なくとも8か月、投与後少なくとも9か月、投与後少なくとも10か月、投与後少なくとも11か月、投与後少なくとも12か月、投与後少なくとも2年、ならびに投与後少なくとも3年、からなる一群から選択される一定期間のあいだ存続する、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- T細胞の有効な量が、ヒト患者の体重kg当り約104〜約109個の細胞である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- T細胞の有効な量が、ヒト患者の体重kg当り約105〜約106個の細胞である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗原結合ドメインが、抗体、またはその抗原結合フラグメントである、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗原結合フラグメントがFabまたはscFvである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 遺伝子改変T細胞がヒト患者に対して静脈内に投与される、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- キメラ抗原受容体(CAR)構築物であって、該CAR構築物が、抗原結合ドメイン、ヒンジ領域、膜貫通ドメイン、シグナル伝達ドメイン、および場合により、共刺激シグナル伝達領域を含み、該抗原結合ドメインが、自己免疫疾患または同種免疫疾患に罹患したヒト患者のB細胞、形質細胞もしくは形質芽細胞上に発現されるリガンドに特異的である、前記構築物。
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CN108348620A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
EP3355937A4 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
HK1258726A1 (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
WO2017058850A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
US20180264038A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
EP3355937A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
EP3858388A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
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