JP2018179651A - Surveying target and method for measuring inner-space displacement - Google Patents

Surveying target and method for measuring inner-space displacement Download PDF

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JP2018179651A
JP2018179651A JP2017076990A JP2017076990A JP2018179651A JP 2018179651 A JP2018179651 A JP 2018179651A JP 2017076990 A JP2017076990 A JP 2017076990A JP 2017076990 A JP2017076990 A JP 2017076990A JP 2018179651 A JP2018179651 A JP 2018179651A
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target
connection member
fixed
ground
surveying
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JP7004510B2 (en
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卓也 谷
Takuya Tani
卓也 谷
成浩 林
Shigehiro Hayashi
成浩 林
快尚 古賀
Yoshihisa Koga
快尚 古賀
佐藤　雅也
Masaya Sato
雅也 佐藤
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Taisei Corp
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Taisei Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surveying target and a method for measuring an inner-space displacement that can avoid contact with a heavy machine or with a flying object and can properly measure displacement of a ground.SOLUTION: A surveying target 2 includes: a first member 3 fixed to a ground G; and a second member 4 removably attached to the first member 3. The first member 3 has an anchor material 31 fixed to the ground G and a first connection member 32 formed in the head part of the anchor material 31, and the second member 4 has a second connection member 41, which can be engaged with the first member 32, and a target member 42 fixed to the second connection member 41.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、測量用ターゲットおよび内空変位測定方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a surveying target and a method of measuring the inside air displacement.

トンネル施工では、日常的に地山や支保部材等の変位測定を行うことで、工事の安全性および経済性を確保している。定期的にトンネルの状況を測定すれば、切羽前方の地山状況を予測することができるとともに、支保構造の適否を判断することができる。このような計測には、天端沈下測定、内空変位測定等がある。   In the tunnel construction, the safety and economics of the construction are secured by measuring the displacement of the underground and supporting members on a daily basis. By periodically measuring the tunnel condition, it is possible to predict the ground condition in front of the face and to determine the propriety of the support structure. Such measurement may be, for example, measurement of top end depression, measurement of inside air displacement, and the like.

天端沈下測定および内空変位測定（以下、単に「変位測定」という。）は、一定間隔毎に管理断面を設定し、当該管理断面に設置された測量用ターゲットの座標を定期的に測量することにより行う。内空変位測定において地山の変位を精度良く測定する測量用ターゲットの一例として、地山に固定された鉄筋棒と、この鉄筋棒の頭部（地山から突出した部分）に溶接されたプレート（ターゲット本体）とにより構成されたものがある。   In top end settlement measurement and inside air displacement measurement (hereinafter, simply referred to as “displacement measurement”), a control cross section is set at regular intervals, and coordinates of a surveying target installed on the control cross section are periodically surveyed. By doing. A reinforcing bar fixed to the ground and a plate welded to the head of the reinforcing bar (a part protruding from the ground) as an example of a surveying target for measuring the displacement of the ground with high accuracy in internal displacement measurement There is one configured by (target body).

施工時のトンネル坑内では、限られたスペース内においてドリルジャンボ、吹き付けロボット、バックホウ等の複数の重機が稼働している。そのため、地山から突出するように設置されたターゲットは、重機に接触して破損するおそれがある。また、発破工法によるトンネル掘削では、発破時の爆風や飛来した岩石等によってターゲットが破損するおそれがある。
そのため、特許文献１には、測量時の装着および測量終了後の撤去が容易な測量用ターゲットとして、磁石を利用して支保工に固定する測量用ターゲットが開示されている。 In the tunnel at the time of construction, a plurality of heavy machines such as a drill jumbo, a spray robot, and a backhoe operate in a limited space. Therefore, the target installed so as to project from the ground may contact the heavy equipment and be damaged. In addition, in the case of tunnel excavation by blasting method, there is a risk that the target may be damaged by blasts and flying rocks at the time of blasting.
Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a surveying target that is fixed to a support using a magnet as a surveying target that is easy to mount during surveying and to be removed after surveying is completed.

特開２００４−３０１６４２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-301642

特許文献１の測量用ターゲットは、支保工に固定されているため、支保工の変形を測定することはできるものの、地山に生じた変位を直接測定することはできない。また、特許文献１の測量用ターゲットを利用して測定される変位量は、支保工に生じた変位であるため、地山の変位と差異があり、地山の変形を過小に評価する場合もある。
このような観点から、本発明は、重機や飛来物等が接触することを回避することができ、かつ、地山の変位を適切に計測することができる測量用ターゲットおよび内空変位測定方法を提案することを課題とする。 Since the surveying target of Patent Document 1 is fixed to the support, although the deformation of the support can be measured, it is not possible to directly measure the displacement generated on the ground. In addition, since the displacement measured using the surveying target described in Patent Document 1 is a displacement occurring in the support, there is a difference from the displacement of the ground, and the deformation of the ground may be underestimated. is there.
From such a point of view, the present invention can avoid the contact of heavy equipment, flying objects and the like, and can appropriately measure the displacement of the ground and the measuring target for the internal displacement measurement. The task is to make a proposal.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明の測量用ターゲットは、地山に固定される第一部材と、前記第一部材に着脱可能に装着される第二部材とを備えるものであって、前記第一部材は地山に固定されるアンカー材と前記アンカー材の頭部に形成された第一接続部材とを有し、前記第二部材は前記第一接続部材に嵌合可能に形成された第二接続部材と前記第二接続部材に固定されたターゲット部材とを有することを特徴としている。   In order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the surveying target of the present invention is provided with the 1st member fixed to a land mass, and the 2nd member removably attached to the 1st member, and the above-mentioned The first member has an anchor member fixed to the ground and a first connection member formed on the head of the anchor member, and the second member is formed to be engageable with the first connection member. A second connecting member and a target member fixed to the second connecting member are characterized.

かかる測量用ターゲットは、地山に直接固定される。つまり、本発明の測量用ターゲットを用いて測量を行えば、地山の変位を高精度に測定することができる。また、地山に固定された第一部材に対して、ターゲット部材を備える第二部材が着脱可能であるため、測量時以外は第二部材を撤去することができる。こうすることで、ターゲットに重機等が接触して破損することや、発破時の爆風や飛来した岩石などよってターゲットが破損することを防止できる。   The surveying target is directly fixed to the ground. That is, if surveying is performed using the surveying target of the present invention, the displacement of the ground can be measured with high accuracy. In addition, since the second member provided with the target member is removable from the first member fixed to the ground, the second member can be removed except during surveying. By doing this, it is possible to prevent the target from being damaged by contact with a heavy machine or the like, and damage to the target due to blast at the time of blasting or flying rocks.

なお、前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材は、前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの少なくとも一方に固定された磁石を介して固定するのが望ましい。
また、前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの一方に凸部が形成されているとともに、前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの他方に前記凸部と係合可能な凹部が形成されていれば、凸部と凹部とを係合することで、ターゲットの向き（方向）の設定（位置決め）が完了するため、ターゲットを計測毎に同じ位置に設置する際の作業性の向上を図ることができる。 Preferably, the first connection member and the second connection member are fixed via a magnet fixed to at least one of the first connection member and the second connection member.
Moreover, while a convex part is formed in one of said 1st connection member and said 2nd connection member, it can engage with the said convex part to the other of said 1st connection member and said 2nd connection member. If the concave portion is formed, the setting (positioning) of the direction (direction) of the target is completed by engaging the convex portion and the concave portion, and therefore, the operation when installing the target at the same position every measurement It is possible to improve the quality.

また、本発明の内空変位測定方法は、地山に固定された第一部材に、ターゲットが形成された第二部材を装着する装着作業と、前記ターゲットをトータルステーションで視準する測定作業と、前記第二部材を前記第一部材から撤去する撤去作業とを備えており、前記装着作業では、前記第一部材の頭部に形成された第一接続部材と、前記第二部材に形成された第二接続部材とを磁石を介して固定することを特徴としている。   Further, according to the method of measuring displacement in the air of the present invention, a mounting operation for mounting a second member having a target formed thereon to a first member fixed to a ground, a measurement operation for collimating the target at a total station, And a removing operation of removing the second member from the first member, and in the mounting operation, the first connecting member formed on the head of the first member and the second connecting member are formed. It is characterized in that the second connecting member is fixed via a magnet.

かかる内空変位測定方法によれば、地山に固定されたターゲットを測定するため、地山の変位を適切に測定することができる。また、第一部材と第二部材が磁石を介して固定されているため、着脱が容易である。本発明によれば、測定後にはターゲットを撤去するので、トンネル掘削作業時等においてターゲットが破損することを防止できる。   According to the method of measuring the inside air displacement, since the target fixed to the ground is measured, the displacement of the ground can be appropriately measured. Moreover, since the 1st member and the 2nd member are being fixed via the magnet, attachment or detachment is easy. According to the present invention, since the target is removed after the measurement, it is possible to prevent the target from being damaged at the time of tunnel excavation work or the like.

本発明の測量用ターゲットおよび内空変位測定方法によれば、重機や飛来物等が接触することを回避することができ、かつ、地山の変位を適切に計測することが可能になる。   According to the surveying target and the method of measuring the inside air displacement of the present invention, it is possible to avoid contact of heavy machinery, flying objects and the like, and it is possible to appropriately measure the displacement of the ground.

（ａ）は測量用ターゲットが設置されたトンネルの横断図、（ｂ）は同縦断図である。(A) is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel in which a surveying target is installed, and (b) is a longitudinal view thereof. （ａ）は第一の実施形態に係る測量用ターゲットの設置状況を示す側面図、（ｂ）は同測量用ターゲットの分解斜視図である。(A) is a side view which shows the installation condition of the target for surveys which concerns on 1st embodiment, (b) is a disassembled perspective view of the target for surveys. 図２に示す測量用ターゲットであって、（ａ）は第一部材の上面図、（ｂ）は第一部材の側面図、（ｃ）は第二接続部材の上面図、（ｄ）は第二部材の側面図である。It is a surveying target shown in FIG. 2 and (a) is a top view of the first member, (b) is a side view of the first member, (c) is a top view of the second connection member, (d) is the second It is a side view of two members. （ａ）は測量用ターゲットの設置方法の削孔状況の断面図、（ｂ）は同第一部材の設置状況の断面図、（ｃ）は内空変位測定方法の装着作業の断面図、（ｄ）は同測定作業および撤去作業の断面図である。(A) is a cross-sectional view of the drilling condition of the installation method of the surveying target, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the installation condition of the first member, (c) is a cross-sectional view of the mounting operation of the inner space displacement measurement method, d) is a cross-sectional view of the same measurement operation and removal operation. （ａ）は第二の実施形態に係る測量用ターゲットの設置状況を示す側面図、（ｂ）は同測量用ターゲットの分解斜視図である。(A) is a side view which shows the installation condition of the target for surveys which concerns on 2nd embodiment, (b) is a disassembled perspective view of the target for surveys. （ａ）は図５の測量用ターゲットの設置方法の削孔状況の断面図、（ｂ）は同第一部材の設置状況の断面図、（ｃ）は内空変位測定方法の装着作業の断面図、（ｄ）は同測定作業および撤去作業の断面図である。(A) is a cross-sectional view of the drilling condition of the installation method of the survey target of FIG. 5, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the installation condition of the first member, (c) is a cross-section of the mounting operation of the inner sky displacement measurement method The figure, (d) is a sectional view of the measurement operation and the removal operation.

＜第一の実施形態＞
第一の実施形態では、トンネル１の内空変位測定に使用する測量用ターゲット２について説明する。内空変位測定は、トンネル１の掘進に伴い、一定間隔毎に設定された管理断面において、図１（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、トンネル１の側壁および天端部に設定された測量用ターゲット２を、トータルステーションＴＳで測定することにより行う。 First Embodiment
In the first embodiment, a surveying target 2 used for measuring the indoor displacement of the tunnel 1 will be described. The inside air displacement measurement was set on the side wall and the top end of the tunnel 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) in the management cross section set at regular intervals as the tunnel 1 was advanced. This is performed by measuring the survey target 2 at the total station TS.

本実施形態では、測量用ターゲット２を上半（ＳＬよりも上の部分）に３点、下半（ＳＬよりも下の部分）に２点（合計５点）設置する。なお、測量用ターゲット２の数および配置は限定されるものではなく、トンネル１の断面形状や地山状況に応じて適宜設定すればよい。例えば、トンネル１が大断面トンネルの場合は、測量用ターゲット２の数を増やしてもよい。なお、図面において、符号１１は吹付けコンクリート、符号１２は鋼製支保工である。   In the present embodiment, the survey target 2 is disposed at three points in the upper half (portion above SL) and at two points (five points in total) in the lower half (portion below SL). The number and arrangement of the surveying targets 2 are not limited, and may be set appropriately according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel 1 and the ground condition. For example, in the case where the tunnel 1 is a large cross section tunnel, the number of surveying targets 2 may be increased. In the drawings, reference numeral 11 denotes shot concrete, and reference numeral 12 denotes a steel support.

本実施形態の測量用ターゲット２は、図２（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、第一部材３と第二部材４とを備えている。
第一部材３は、トンネル１の側壁または頂部において、地山Ｇに固定される部材である。第一部材３は、地山Ｇに固定されるアンカー材３１と、アンカー材３１の頭部に形成された第一接続部材（雄部材）３２とを有する。 The surveying target 2 according to the present embodiment includes a first member 3 and a second member 4 as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
The first member 3 is a member fixed to the ground G at the side wall or top of the tunnel 1. The first member 3 has an anchor 31 fixed to the ground G and a first connection member (male member) 32 formed on the head of the anchor 31.

アンカー材３１は、地山Ｇに差し込まれる鉄筋棒である。アンカー材３１の長さは限定されるものではないが、地山Ｇに対して十分な定着長を確保できる長さとする。アンカー材３１の先端部は、先端に行くにしたがって縮径する円錐状を呈している。なお、アンカー材３１を構成する材料は限定されるものではなく、例えば、鋼棒や金属管等であってもよい。また、アンカー材３１の先端形状および外径（鉄筋径）も限定されるものではない。   The anchor member 31 is a reinforcing bar inserted into the ground G. Although the length of the anchor member 31 is not limited, it is set to a length that can secure a sufficient fixing length with respect to the ground G. The tip of the anchor member 31 has a conical shape that decreases in diameter toward the tip. In addition, the material which comprises the anchor material 31 is not limited, For example, a steel rod, a metal pipe, etc. may be sufficient. Further, the tip shape and the outer diameter (reinforcing bar diameter) of the anchor member 31 are not limited either.

第一接続部材３２は、エポキシ樹脂からなり、図３（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、半球状を呈している。第一接続部材３２の高さ寸法は、吹付けコンクリート１１の厚さよりも小さくする。こうすることで、第一部材３をトンネル１の側壁または頂部に固定した際に、第一接続部材３２が吹付けコンクリート１１の表面から突出することがない（図２（ａ）参照）。なお、第一接続部材３２の材料及び形状寸法は限定されるものではなく、例えば、金属や合成樹脂であってもよい。第一接続部材３２は、アンカー材３１の頭部を巻き込んだ状態で形成されていることで、アンカー材３１の頭部に固定されている。第一接続部材３２の成形方法は限定されるものではないが、例えば、アンカー材３１の頭部を囲うように設けられた型枠内にエポキシ樹脂を流し込むことにより形成すればよい。なお、第一接続部材３２が金属の場合には、アンカー材３１の頭部に溶接してもよい。また、第一接続部材３２は、治具を介してアンカー材３１の頭部に固定してもよい。   The first connection member 32 is made of epoxy resin, and has a hemispherical shape as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The height dimension of the first connection member 32 is smaller than the thickness of the shotcrete 11. By doing this, when the first member 3 is fixed to the side wall or the top of the tunnel 1, the first connection member 32 does not protrude from the surface of the shotcrete 11 (see FIG. 2A). In addition, the material and shape dimension of the 1st connection member 32 are not limited, For example, a metal and a synthetic resin may be sufficient. The first connection member 32 is fixed to the head of the anchor member 31 by being formed in a state in which the head of the anchor member 31 is rolled up. The molding method of the first connection member 32 is not limited, but may be formed, for example, by pouring an epoxy resin into a mold provided so as to surround the head of the anchor member 31. When the first connection member 32 is metal, it may be welded to the head of the anchor member 31. Further, the first connection member 32 may be fixed to the head of the anchor member 31 via a jig.

第一接続部材３２の表面には、複数の凸部（突起）３３が形成されている。本実施形態の凸部３３は、第一接続部材３２の外面に、アンカー材３１の軸方向に沿って形成された突条である。なお、凸部３３の形状は限定されるものではない。また、凸部３３は、必要に応じて形成すればよい。第一接続部材３２の端面には、金属板３４が固定されている。金属板３４は、第一接続部材３２の端面に面するように配設されている。なお、金属板３４の表面は、第一接続部材３２の一部（エポキシ樹脂の一部）によって覆われていてもよい。また、金属板３４は、アンカー材３１の端面に固定されていてもよい。本実施形態の金属板３４は、環状を呈しているが、金属板３４の形状は限定されるものではない。   A plurality of projections (projections) 33 are formed on the surface of the first connection member 32. The convex portion 33 in the present embodiment is a protrusion formed along the axial direction of the anchor member 31 on the outer surface of the first connection member 32. In addition, the shape of the convex part 33 is not limited. Also, the convex portion 33 may be formed as needed. A metal plate 34 is fixed to the end face of the first connection member 32. The metal plate 34 is disposed to face the end face of the first connection member 32. The surface of the metal plate 34 may be covered by a part of the first connection member 32 (a part of the epoxy resin). Also, the metal plate 34 may be fixed to the end face of the anchor member 31. Although the metal plate 34 of the present embodiment has an annular shape, the shape of the metal plate 34 is not limited.

第二部材４は、図２（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、第一部材３に着脱可能に装着される部材である。第二部材４は、第一接続部材３２に嵌合可能に形成された第二接続部材（雌部材）４１と、第二接続部材４１に固定されたターゲット部材４２とを有する。   The second member 4 is a member detachably mounted on the first member 3 as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b). The second member 4 has a second connection member (female member) 41 formed to be fittable to the first connection member 32 and a target member 42 fixed to the second connection member 41.

第二接続部材４１は、エポキシ樹脂からなり、図２（ｂ）および図３（ｄ）に示すように、椀形状を呈している。なお、第二接続部材４１の材料は、所定の形状に形成することが可能な材料であれば限定されるものではなく、例えば、金属や合成樹脂であってもよい。第二接続部材４１の内面形状は、第一接続部材３２の外面形状と同形状である。すなわち、第二接続部材４１は、第一接続部材３２を挿入可能に構成されている。第二接続部材４１の内面には、図２（ｂ）に示すように、第一接続部材３２の凸部３３に対応する位置に、凹部４３が形成されている。凹部４３は、凸部３３と同形状を呈していて、凸部３３と係合可能である。また、図３（ｃ）および（ｄ）に示すように、第二接続部材４１の頂部（図３（ｄ）において上端部）には、ターゲット部材４２を固定するための固定部４４が形成されている。本実施形態の固定部４４は、雌ネジ孔であって、ナットを第二接続部材４１に固定することにより形成されている。なお、固定部４４の構成は雌ネジ孔に限定されるものではなく、例えば、治具であってよい。第二接続部材４１の頂部には、図３（ｄ）に示すように、固定部４４とともに、磁石５が固定されている。磁石５の固定方法は限定されるものではないが、本実施形態では、第二接続部材４１の本体部分と固定部４４とにより挟持する。なお、固定部４４は、第二接続部材４１の内面に設置された受け板（図示せず）に、ビス４５により固定する。ビス４５は、固定部４４の外周に形成されたフランジ４４１を貫通し、受け板に螺入される。固定部４４の固定方法は限定されるものではない。   The second connection member 41 is made of epoxy resin, and has a wedge shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 3 (d). The material of the second connection member 41 is not limited as long as it can be formed into a predetermined shape, and may be, for example, a metal or a synthetic resin. The inner surface of the second connection member 41 has the same shape as the outer surface of the first connection member 32. That is, the second connection member 41 is configured to be able to insert the first connection member 32. On the inner surface of the second connection member 41, as shown in FIG. 2B, a recess 43 is formed at a position corresponding to the protrusion 33 of the first connection member 32. As shown in FIG. The recess 43 has the same shape as the protrusion 33 and is engageable with the protrusion 33. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, a fixing portion 44 for fixing the target member 42 is formed on the top (the upper end in FIG. 3D) of the second connection member 41. ing. The fixing portion 44 of the present embodiment is a female screw hole, and is formed by fixing a nut to the second connection member 41. The configuration of the fixing portion 44 is not limited to the female screw hole, and may be, for example, a jig. The magnet 5 is fixed to the top of the second connection member 41 together with the fixing portion 44 as shown in FIG. Although the fixing method of the magnet 5 is not limited, in the present embodiment, the magnet 5 is held by the main portion of the second connection member 41 and the fixing portion 44. The fixing portion 44 is fixed to a receiving plate (not shown) installed on the inner surface of the second connection member 41 with a screw 45. The screw 45 penetrates the flange 441 formed on the outer periphery of the fixing portion 44 and is screwed into the receiving plate. The fixing method of the fixing portion 44 is not limited.

図３（ｄ）に示すように、ターゲット部材４２は、板状のターゲット本体４６と、固定部４４に螺合可能な雄ネジ部材４７とを備えている。ターゲット本体４６の表面は、トータルステーションＴＳから照射されたレーザー光を反射可能に構成されている。ターゲット本体４６の背面には、雄ネジ部材４７が一体に固定されている。雄ネジ部材４７は、例えば、端部にネジ加工が施された鋼棒を、ターゲット本体４６に溶接することにより形成すればよい。ターゲット部材４２は、固定部４４に雄ネジ部材４７を螺合することにより、第二接続部材４１に固定する。なお、ターゲット部材４２（ターゲット本体４６）は、第二接続部材４１に一体に形成されていてもよい。また、ターゲット部材４２は、プリズムであってもよい。   As shown in FIG. 3D, the target member 42 includes a plate-shaped target main body 46 and an external thread member 47 that can be screwed to the fixing portion 44. The surface of the target body 46 is configured to be able to reflect the laser light emitted from the total station TS. A male screw member 47 is integrally fixed to the back of the target body 46. The male screw member 47 may be formed, for example, by welding a steel rod screwed at the end to the target main body 46. The target member 42 is fixed to the second connection member 41 by screwing the male screw member 47 to the fixing portion 44. The target member 42 (target body 46) may be formed integrally with the second connection member 41. In addition, the target member 42 may be a prism.

第一部材３は、管理断面における掘削および支保工の設置が完了した後、トンネル１の側壁に設置する。
まず、図４（ａ）に示すように、測量用ターゲット２の設置個所にアンカー材挿入孔６を形成する。本実施形態では、ハンマードリルを利用して、吹付けコンクリート１１および地山Ｇを削孔することにより、アンカー材挿入孔６を形成する。なお、アンカー材挿入孔６の形成方法は限定されるものではない。このとき、吹付けコンクリート１１では、第一接続部材３２を収容することが可能となるように、削孔径を第一接続部材３２の外径よりも大きくしておく（図４（ｂ）参照）。
次に、図４（ｂ）に示すように、第一部材３のアンカー材３１をアンカー材挿入孔６に挿入する。このとき、必要に応じてアンカー材挿入孔６に固化材を充填する。固化材は限定されるものではないが、例えば、モルタルを使用すればよい。 The first member 3 is installed on the side wall of the tunnel 1 after the completion of the excavation and support installation in the management cross section.
First, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the anchor material insertion hole 6 is formed in the installation location of the target 2 for surveys. In the present embodiment, the anchor material insertion hole 6 is formed by drilling the shotcrete 11 and the ground G using a hammer drill. In addition, the formation method of the anchor material insertion hole 6 is not limited. At this time, in the shotcrete 11, the hole diameter is made larger than the outer diameter of the first connection member 32 so that the first connection member 32 can be accommodated (see FIG. 4B). .
Next, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), the anchor material 31 of the first member 3 is inserted into the anchor material insertion hole 6. At this time, the anchor material insertion hole 6 is filled with the solidifying material as needed. Although the solidifying material is not limited, for example, mortar may be used.

内空変位測定方法は、図４（ｃ）に示すように、まず、第一部材３に第二部材４を装着する（装着作業）。第二部材４は、第一接続部材３２に第二接続部材４１を嵌合することにより装着する。第二部材４は、磁石５の磁力により第一部材３に固定される（図４（ｄ）参照）。このとき、凸部３３と凹部４３（図３参照）とを係合させることで、ターゲット部材４２の向きが設定される。
第一部材３に第二部材４を装着したら、図１（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、トータルステーションＴＳで測量用ターゲット２（ターゲット部材４２）を視準する（測定作業）。
トータルステーションＴＳによる測定が完了したら、図４（ｄ）に示すように、第二部材４を第一部材３から撤去する（撤去作業）。 As shown in FIG. 4C, first, the second member 4 is mounted on the first member 3 (mounting operation), as shown in FIG. 4 (c). The second member 4 is mounted by fitting the second connection member 41 to the first connection member 32. The second member 4 is fixed to the first member 3 by the magnetic force of the magnet 5 (see FIG. 4D). At this time, the direction of the target member 42 is set by engaging the convex portion 33 and the concave portion 43 (see FIG. 3).
When the second member 4 is attached to the first member 3, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the surveying target 2 (target member 42) is collimated at the total station TS (measurement operation).
When the measurement by the total station TS is completed, the second member 4 is removed from the first member 3 as shown in FIG. 4 (d) (removal work).

本実施形態の測量用ターゲット２は、地山Ｇに直接固定されているため、地山Ｇの変位を高精度に測定することができる。
また、地山Ｇに直接固定された第一部材３に対して、第二部材４が磁石５を介して固定されているため、着脱が容易である。そして、測量後に第二部材４を撤去すると、ターゲット部材４２に重機等が接触して破損することや、発破時の爆風や飛来した岩石などよってターゲット部材４２が破損することを防止できる。 Since the surveying target 2 of the present embodiment is directly fixed to the ground G, the displacement of the ground G can be measured with high accuracy.
In addition, since the second member 4 is fixed via the magnet 5 to the first member 3 directly fixed to the ground G, the attachment and detachment are easy. Then, when the second member 4 is removed after the survey, it is possible to prevent the target member 42 from being damaged due to heavy equipment or the like coming into contact with the target member 42 and being damaged, or by blasts and flying rocks during blasting.

また、第一接続部材３２の凸部３３と第二接続部材４１の凹部４３とを係合させることで、ターゲット本体４６の向きを容易に設定することができる。その結果、測量を早期に着手することが可能となる。
測量用ターゲット２は、設置作業が容易なため、管理断面の掘削後、速やかにトンネル１の側壁に設置することができ、その結果、速やかに初期値を計測することができる。すなわち、本実施形態の測量用ターゲット２を利用すれば、トンネル変位測量をすばやくかつ高精度に行うことが可能となる。 Further, by engaging the convex portion 33 of the first connection member 32 with the concave portion 43 of the second connection member 41, the direction of the target main body 46 can be easily set. As a result, it becomes possible to start surveying early.
Since the surveying target 2 is easy to install, it can be quickly installed on the side wall of the tunnel 1 after excavating the management cross section, and as a result, the initial value can be measured quickly. That is, by using the surveying target 2 of the present embodiment, it is possible to perform tunnel displacement surveying quickly and accurately.

＜第二の実施形態＞
第二の実施形態では、第一の実施形態と同様に、トンネル１の内空変位測定に使用する測量用ターゲット２について説明する（図１参照）。なお、測量用ターゲット２の数及び配置は、第一の実施形態と同様とする。
本実施形態の測量用ターゲット２は、図５（ａ）に示すように、第一部材３と第二部材４とを備えている。
第一部材３は、トンネル１の側壁または頂部において、地山Ｇに固定される部材である。第一部材３は、地山Ｇに固定されるアンカー材３１と、アンカー材３１の頭部に形成された第一接続部材（雌部材）３２とを有する。 Second Embodiment
In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a surveying target 2 used for measuring the inside displacement of the tunnel 1 will be described (see FIG. 1). The number and arrangement of surveying targets 2 are the same as in the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5A, the surveying target 2 of the present embodiment includes a first member 3 and a second member 4.
The first member 3 is a member fixed to the ground G at the side wall or top of the tunnel 1. The first member 3 has an anchor 31 fixed to the ground G and a first connecting member (female member) 32 formed on the head of the anchor 31.

アンカー材３１は、地山Ｇに差し込まれる鉄筋棒である。なお、アンカー材３１の詳細は、第一の実施形態で示した内容と同様なため詳細な説明は省略する。
本実施形態の第一接続部材３２は、図５（ｂ）に示すように、筒状部材により構成されている。本実施形態では、第一接続部材３２として、高ナットを使用するが、第一接続部材３２を構成する材料は限定されるものではなく、例えば、金属管であってもよい。
アンカー材３１の頭部には、雄ネジが形成されている。第一接続部材３２は、アンカー材３１の頭部に螺合されている。なお、第一接続部材３２の固定方法は限定されるものではなく、例えば、アンカー材３１に溶接してもよい。 The anchor member 31 is a reinforcing bar inserted into the ground G. In addition, since the detail of the anchor material 31 is the same as the content shown in 1st embodiment, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
The 1st connection member 32 of this embodiment is constituted by the cylindrical member, as shown in Drawing 5 (b). In the present embodiment, a high nut is used as the first connection member 32, but the material constituting the first connection member 32 is not limited, and may be, for example, a metal pipe.
An external thread is formed on the head of the anchor member 31. The first connection member 32 is screwed into the head of the anchor member 31. In addition, the fixing method of the 1st connection member 32 is not limited, For example, you may weld to the anchor material 31. FIG.

第二部材４は、図５（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、第一部材３に着脱可能に装着される部材である。第二部材４は、第一接続部材３２に嵌合可能に形成された第二接続部材（雄部材）４１と、第二接続部材４１に固定されたターゲット部材４２とを有する。
本実施形態の第二接続部材４１は、円形の鋼板からなる。第二接続部材４１の中央部には、固定部４４が形成されている。また、第二接続部材４１の一方の面（第一部材３側の面）には、磁石５が一体に固定されているとともに、第一接続部材３２に挿入可能な突起４８が形成されている。なお、第二接続部材４１の構成は限定されるものではなく、例えば、矩形状の鋼板であってもよい。 The second member 4 is a member detachably mounted on the first member 3 as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b). The second member 4 has a second connection member (male member) 41 formed to be fittable to the first connection member 32 and a target member 42 fixed to the second connection member 41.
The second connection member 41 of the present embodiment is made of a circular steel plate. At a central portion of the second connection member 41, a fixing portion 44 is formed. Moreover, while the magnet 5 is being fixed integrally, the protrusion 48 which can be inserted in the 1st connection member 32 is formed in one surface (surface by the side of the 1st member 3) of the 2nd connection member 41. . In addition, the structure of the 2nd connection member 41 is not limited, For example, a rectangular-shaped steel plate may be sufficient.

ターゲット部材４２は、いわゆるプリズムである。ターゲット部材４２には、第二接続部材４１に螺合可能な雄ネジ部材４７が固定されてなる。ターゲット部材４２は、固定部４４に雄ネジ部材４７を螺合することにより、第二接続部材４１に固定する。なお、ターゲット部材４２は、第二接続部材４１に一体に形成されていてもよい。   The target member 42 is a so-called prism. A male screw member 47 that can be screwed to the second connection member 41 is fixed to the target member 42. The target member 42 is fixed to the second connection member 41 by screwing the male screw member 47 to the fixing portion 44. The target member 42 may be formed integrally with the second connection member 41.

第一部材３は、管理断面における掘削および支保工の設置が完了した後、図６（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、トンネル１の側壁に設置する。第一部材３の設置方法は、第一の実施形態で示した内容と同様なため、詳細な説明は省略する。
内空変位測定方法は、図６（ｃ）に示すように、まず、第一部材３に第二部材４を装着する（装着作業）。第二部材４は、第一接続部材３２に第二接続部材４１の突起４８を挿入することにより装着する。第二部材４は、図６（ｄ）に示すように、磁石５の磁力により第一部材３に固定される。
第一部材３に第二部材４を装着したら、図１（ａ）および（ｂ）に示すように、トータルステーションＴＳで測量用ターゲット２（ターゲット部材４２）を視準する（測定作業）。
トータルステーションＴＳによる測定が完了したら、図６（ｄ）に示すように、第二部材４を第一部材３から撤去する（撤去作業）。 The first member 3 is installed on the side wall of the tunnel 1 as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) after the completion of the installation of the excavation and support in the management cross section. The method of installing the first member 3 is the same as the contents shown in the first embodiment, and thus the detailed description is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 6C, first, the second member 4 is mounted on the first member 3 (mounting operation), as shown in FIG. 6C. The second member 4 is mounted by inserting the projection 48 of the second connection member 41 into the first connection member 32. The second member 4 is fixed to the first member 3 by the magnetic force of the magnet 5, as shown in FIG. 6 (d).
When the second member 4 is attached to the first member 3, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the surveying target 2 (target member 42) is collimated at the total station TS (measurement operation).
When the measurement by the total station TS is completed, as shown in FIG. 6 (d), the second member 4 is removed from the first member 3 (removal work).

本実施形態の測量用ターゲット２によれば、第一の実施形態の測量用ターゲット２と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。
なお、第二の実施形態の測量用ターゲット２は、ターゲット部材４２としてプリズムを使用しているため、レーザ光の照射角度にかかわらず、同じ点を測定することが可能である。つまり、ターゲット部材４２の向きを詳細に設定する必要がないため、測量用ターゲット２の設置作業を簡易に行うことができる。 According to the surveying target 2 of the present embodiment, the same effects as those of the surveying target 2 of the first embodiment can be obtained.
In addition, since the measurement target 2 of the second embodiment uses a prism as the target member 42, it is possible to measure the same point regardless of the irradiation angle of the laser light. That is, since it is not necessary to set the direction of the target member 42 in detail, the installation work of the surveying target 2 can be easily performed.

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが本発明は、前述の実施形態に限られず、前記の各構成要素については、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変更が可能である。
前記実施形態では、第二接続部材４１に磁石５が固定されている場合について説明したが、磁石５は、第一接続部材３２に固定されていてもよいし、第一接続部材３２と第二接続部材４１との両方に固定されていてもよい。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, About each said component, in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, it can change suitably.
Although the case where the magnet 5 is being fixed to the 2nd connection member 41 was explained in the above-mentioned embodiment, the magnet 5 may be being fixed to the 1st connection member 32, and the 1st connection member 32 and the 2nd It may be fixed to both of the connecting member 41.

１ トンネル
１１ 吹付けコンクリート
２ 測量用ターゲット
３ 第一部材
３１ アンカー材
３２ 第一接続部材
３３ 凸部
３４ 金属板
４ 第二部材
４１ 第二接続部材
４２ ターゲット部材
４３ 凹部
５ 磁石 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel 11 Shotcrete 2 Surveying target 3 1st member 31 Anchor material 32 1st connection member 33 convex part 34 Metal plate 4 2nd member 41 2nd connection member 42 Target member 43 Recess 5 magnet

Claims (4)

地山に固定される第一部材と、
前記第一部材に着脱可能に装着される第二部材と、を備える測量用ターゲットであって、
前記第一部材は、地山に固定されるアンカー材と、前記アンカー材の頭部に形成された第一接続部材と、を有し、
前記第二部材は、前記第一接続部材に嵌合可能に形成された第二接続部材と、前記第二接続部材に固定されたターゲット部材と、を有することを特徴とする、測量用ターゲット。 A first member fixed to the ground,
And a second member removably attached to the first member.
The first member includes an anchor material fixed to a ground and a first connection member formed on a head of the anchor material,
A surveying target, wherein the second member has a second connection member formed to be fittable to the first connection member, and a target member fixed to the second connection member. 前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの少なくとも一方に磁石が固定されており、
前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材が前記磁石を介して固定されることを特徴とする、請求項１に記載の測量用ターゲット。 A magnet is fixed to at least one of the first connection member and the second connection member,
The surveying target according to claim 1, wherein the first connection member and the second connection member are fixed via the magnet. 前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの一方に凸部が形成されているとともに、前記第一接続部材および前記第二接続部材のうちの他方に前記凸部と係合可能な凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項１または請求項２に記載の測量用ターゲット。   A convex portion is formed on one of the first connection member and the second connection member, and a concave portion engageable with the convex portion on the other of the first connection member and the second connection member The surveying target according to claim 1 or 2, wherein is formed. 地山に固定された第一部材に、ターゲットが形成された第二部材を装着する装着作業と、
前記ターゲットをトータルステーションで視準する測定作業と、
前記第二部材を前記第一部材から撤去する撤去作業と、を備える内空変位測定方法であって、
前記装着作業では、前記第一部材の頭部に形成された第一接続部材と、前記第二部材に形成された第二接続部材とを磁石を介して固定することを特徴とする、内空変位測定方法。 Mounting work for mounting a second member on which a target is formed to a first member fixed to the ground;
Measurement work to collimate the target at a total station,
A removal operation of removing the second member from the first member.
In the mounting operation, the first connecting member formed on the head of the first member and the second connecting member formed on the second member are fixed via a magnet. Displacement measurement method.
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